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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic history War World War, 1914-1918'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Clavin, Patricia. "The Economic Consequences of the War and the Peace." Current History 113, no. 766 (2014): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2014.113.766.324.

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Overto, John. "War and Economic Development: Settlers in Kenya, 1914–1918." Journal of African History 27, no. 1 (1986): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700029212.

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The First World War is perhaps the least studied period in the historiography of European settlement in Kenya. This paper reverses the previously held view of settler economic decline and disarray. Despite apparent problems of shipping shortages, closure of markets and loss of white manpower, settler products were grown and exported in ever-increasing quantities during the war years. The grain and livestock industries were stimulated by new wartime markets whilst plantation crops, chiefly sisal and coffee, continued the impetus of pre-war activity and substantial new planting took place. Prosp

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Rácz, Attila. "The effects of World War I on marriages between 1914 and 1918 in Hungary." Belvedere Meridionale 32, no. 3 (2020): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2020.3.9.

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The 20th century has entered the history of Europe as a constant era of wars, crises and dictatorships. This century also marked a series of trials for Hungary. The imprint and long-term effects of the historical events of the period can be well traced with the help of statistical data, therefore the aim of our study is to show how serious and difficult to remedy social, economic and demographic problems can be when people attack people, either with weapons or by another method. In the present study, we analyze the effects of World War I on marriages between 1914 and 1918.

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Reyent, O. "The World War First and its Consequences for Ukraine." Problems of World History, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2016-1-4.

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In the article, the World War First it examined from the perspective of a global cataclysm that essentially determined the further development of human civilization not only in the twentieth, but also in the early twenty-first century. It is indicated that the tragedy of war especially manifested in the total character, which it has acquired, and the rapid fall in the value of human life. In its universal scope and demographic losses, this war greatly surpassed everything that happened thereto during the largest international military conflicts in human history. The influence of the global con

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Frieden, Jeff. "Sectoral conflict and foreign economic policy, 1914–1940." International Organization 42, no. 1 (1988): 59–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830000713x.

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The period from 1914 to 1940 is one of the most crucial and enigmatic in modern world history, and in the history of modern U.S. foreign policy. World War I catapulted the United States into international economic and political leadership, yet in the aftermath of the war, despite grandiose Wilsonian plans, the United States quickly lapsed into relative disregard for events abroad: it did not join the League of Nations, disavowed responsibility for European reconstruction, would not participate openly in many international economic conferences, and restored high levels of tariff protection for

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LYNCH, FRANCES M. B. "FINANCE AND WELFARE: THE IMPACT OF TWO WORLD WARS ON DOMESTIC POLICY IN FRANCE." Historical Journal 49, no. 2 (2006): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005371.

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Fathers, families, and the state in France, 1914–1945. By Kristen Stromberg Childers. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003. Pp. 261. ISBN 0-8014-4122-6. £23.95.Origins of the French welfare state: the struggle for social reform in France, 1914–1947. By Paul V. Dutton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. 251. ISBN 0-521-81334-4. £49.99.Britain, France, and the financing of the First World War. By Martin Horn. Montreal and Kingston: McGill – Queen's University Press, 2002. Pp. 249. ISBN 0-7735-2293-X. £65.00.The gold standard illusion: France, the Bank of France and the

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Shearer, J. Ronald. "Talking about Efficiency: Politics and the Industrial Rationalization Movement in the Weimar Republic." Central European History 28, no. 4 (1995): 483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012280.

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At the end of 1918, Harry Graf Kessler, the astute German observer of domestic and international affairs, summarized the essential conflicts that Germany would face in the years following World War I. Considering the demands of the German revolution along with the urgency of economic recovery from the war, Kessler responded to his compatriot, Hermann Graf Keyserling, that “The crucial point is how we are to combine broad social measures without reducing production. If we can solve this problem, we really shall be ahead of the rest of the world. What Kessler perceptively anticipated in the dyin

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Gram-Skjoldager, Karen. "Denmark during the First World War: Neutral policy, economy and culture." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 2 (2019): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419835753.

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When war broke out in the summer of 1914, the Danish government responded by declaring the country neutral. This decision marked the beginning of a particular neutral Danish war experience. This article analyses how Danish politics and society were affected by and responded to the war. It explores four themes in particular: the relationship between neutrality, trade and economic warfare; internationalist and humanitarian practices; political and redistributive responses to the war and the particular ‘neutral’ cultural processing of the war in Denmark. It argues that while the material and huma

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König, Ralf Martin. "Zwischen Ausbeutung, Förderung und Reglementierung: Textile Kriegsheimarbeit in Deutschland 1914 bis 1918." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 58, no. 2 (2017): 537–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2017-0020.

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Abstract This essay intends to provide an introduction into an interesting aspect of the German war economy of the First World War not previously examined in detail: home-based outwork for the production of military supplies. In particular, this type of home-based outwork enjoyed great popularity amongst women with no previous experience of this form of work, such as soldiers’ wives and war widows. They were supported by various charitable welfare societies and women’s organizations which campaigned for public welfare during the war. Their efforts included the establishment of sewing rooms in

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IMLAY, TALBOT C. "THE ORIGINS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (2006): 1253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005826.

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Anticipating total war: the German and American experiences, 1871–1914. By Manfred Boemeke, Roger Chickering, and Stig Förster. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. ix+506. ISBN 0-521-62294-8. £55.00.German strategy and the path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the development of attrition, 1870–1916. By Robert T. Foley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xiv+316. ISBN 0-521-84193-3. £45.00.Europe's last summer: who started the Great War in 1914? By David Fromkin. New York: Knopf, 2004. Pp. xiii+368. ISBN 0-375-41156-9. £26.95.The origins of World War

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Tato, María Inés. "Fighting for a Lost Cause? The Germanophile Newspaper La Unión in Neutral Argentina, 1914–1918." War in History 25, no. 4 (2017): 464–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344516682043.

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During the First World War, the belligerent powers attempted to recruit the neutral States to support their cause. Their citizens abroad and propaganda were a crucial part of their strategy. This article examines a German propaganda initiative addressed to Latin America through a case study focused on Argentina: the daily newspaper La Unión. This publication – developed by the local German community with the support of its government – sought to neutralize the allegiance to the Allied cause that prevailed in public opinion due to demographic, economic, cultural, and informational factors. This

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BARROS, ANDREW. "STRATEGIC BOMBING AND RESTRAINT IN ‘TOTAL WAR’, 1915–1918." Historical Journal 52, no. 2 (2009): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x09007523.

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ABSTRACTRecent studies of ‘total war’ depict a process of inexorable expansion leading to an often nebulous linkage of everything to war. This article takes the study of ‘total war’ in the opposite direction by studying a specific example of strategic restraint. It examines how the French bombing strategy that was developed over the course of the First World War went to considerable lengths to maintain a distinction between the civilian and the military. The article studies France's restraint by highlighting the strategic, geographical, institutional, and economic factors upon which it was bui

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Van Evera, Stephen. "Why Cooperation Failed in 1914." World Politics 38, no. 1 (1985): 80–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010352.

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World War I arose from six remarkable misperceptions that swept through Europe before 1914. Europeans exaggerated the efficacy of offensive military strategies and tactics; overestimated the hostility of neighboring states; falsely believed that strength and bellicosity could intimidate opponents; exaggerated the economic value of empire; believed that war itself was beneficial; and taught themselves a mythical nationalistic history. These misperceptions fostered expansionist foreign policies and bolstered arguments for preemptive and preventive war. They also precluded resort to Tit-for-Tat s

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Stevenson, David. "The Failure of Peace by Negotiation in 1917." Historical Journal 34, no. 1 (1991): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013935.

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The First World War was launched in the belief that force could be an effective instrument of policy. Underlying the decisions of July and August 1914 was a hard core of calculation, based on the advice to governments that the fighting would be fierce but short, and that its political and economic repercussions could be contained. In addition, because the two sides were closer to military equivalence than in previous crises, both could believe that they had a reasonable prospect of victory. But such equivalence, given the weapons technology of the day, might also deny either coalition a speedy

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TEMKIN, MOSHIK. "CULTURE VS.KULTUR, OR A CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS: PUBLIC INTELLECTUALS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE GREAT WAR, 1917–1918." Historical Journal 58, no. 1 (2015): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000594.

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AbstractThis article analyses the historical conditions for, and implications of, the attitudes and conduct of a number of prominent or influential public intellectuals in the United States during the Great War. It argues that many intellectuals, particularly those who supported American entry to the war, shared a general lack of concern with the realities of full-scale warfare. Their response to the war had little to do with the war itself – its political and economic causes, brutal and industrial character, and human and material costs. Rather, their positions were often based on their views

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Akurang-Parry, Kwabena O. ""Untold Difficulties:" The Indigenous Press and the Economic Effects of the First World War on Africans in the Gold Coast, 1914-1918." African Economic History, no. 34 (January 1, 2006): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25427026.

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Gibbs, Pat. "Empire, Dissidence and Disease. The Impact of the First World War on the Molteno District of the Eastern Cape, 1914–1919." Britain and the World 13, no. 2 (2020): 126–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2020.0347.

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This article explores the social impact of the First World War on the remote farming area of the Molteno District in the North Eastern Cape of South Africa from 1914 to 1919. It deals with the impact of the war on ideologies, political transition, race and health. Since its inception in 1874 as a coal mining town, Molteno had been dominated by British merchants, public servants and professional men who, given a variety of social, political, economic and cultural networks linking the colonies to the Empire, identified strongly with Britain. Similarly, many Afrikaner farmers in the region had al

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Meites, Samuel. "History of Clinical Chemistry in a Children’s Hospital (1914–1964)." Clinical Chemistry 46, no. 7 (2000): 1009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.7.1009.

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Abstract The historical development of a charitable children’s hospital and the evolution of its clinical laboratory are presented. With the appearance of practical quantitative blood chemistry tests in the period between the two World Wars, applications to pediatrics were hampered by the need for ultramicro procedures then unavailable and for improved skin-puncture blood sampling. World War II brought economic demands that forced the hospital to privatize its beds and to charge fee-for-services. In turn, this brought added income, allowing the hiring or subsidizing of a professional staff, in

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Mulder, Nicholas. "‘A Retrograde Tendency’: The Expropriation of German Property in the Versailles Treaty." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international 22, no. 4 (2020): 507–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340136.

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Abstract This article explores how the Versailles Treaty was shaped by the effects of economic warfare 1914–1919. The First World War was in part an Allied economic war waged against the Central Powers in conditions of advanced economic and financial globalization. This was reflected in the treaty’s expropriation mechanisms, which were used to take control of German property, rights, and interests around the world. Whereas Articles 297 and 298 of the treaty legalized wartime seizures, the Reparations Section of the treaty also contained a provision, paragraph 18, that gave the Allies far-reach

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Klabjan, Borut. "“Scramble for Adria”: Discourses of Appropriation of the Adriatic Space Before and After World War I." Austrian History Yearbook 42 (April 2011): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237811000026.

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This essay aims to shed light on the ways in which several empires, states, and nationalist movements competed for political power in the Adriatic space. In particular, it analyzes the ways in which international, national, and local narratives converged in the critical political and economic space of the Adriatic Sea both before and after World War I to justify territorial appropriation. The possibility of geopolitical changes triggered by the Great War whetted the territorial appetites of the new nation-states that had established themselves on the ruins of multinational empires in 1918. At

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Gounaris, Basil C., and Marianna D. Christopoulos. "Reassessing the Greek National Schism of World War I: The Ideological Parameters." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 15, no. 1 (2019): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.20451.

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The National Schism that erupted in Greece during World War I has already been thoroughly analysed in the bibliography as a crisis of national unification, defined by geographical, political and socio economic criteria. The aim of this article is to move a step forward, to support that the National Schism might also be considered as an act in the broader and much older Greek ideological drama, that of the tantalising and incomplete “return” to the East via the European West. It is argued that the Schism, far from being a bipolar confrontation between supporters and opponents of Europe, did sel

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Lohvynenko, I. A., and Ye S. Lohvynenko. "Ukrainian-Russian Relationship in 1917-1918: History Lessons." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 89, no. 2 (2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2020.2.02.

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The author has carried out a comparative analysis of Ukrainian-Russian relationship between the days of the Ukrainian Central Rada and the modern period. The character and ideological basis of stable tendencies in Russia’s policy towards Ukraine have been demonstrated. The similarity in the approaches of the Russian central government to the so-called “solution of the Ukrainian issue” has been determined; the essence of Russian chauvinism in understanding the right of nations to self-determination has been demonstrated. The causes and consequences of the war between Soviet Russia and the Ukrai

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Lewis, Ben. "Marxism after Marx: Karl Kautsky’s Disputed Legacy." Historical Materialism 25, no. 3 (2017): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341527.

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AbstractToday, Karl Kautsky (1854–1938) is mainly remembered for his polemics against the young Bolshevik regime or as the ‘renegade’ in Lenin’sThe Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky(1918), which pillories him for his wavering stance in opposing World War I and his (later) outright hostility to the Russian Revolution of October 1917. Kautsky’s authority as a Marxist theoretician was seriously called into question ever since Lenin’s polemic. During the Cold War in particular, a consensus emerged which suggested that Kautsky’s views of democracy, organisation and revolutionary chang

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TOMLINSON, JIM. "CHURCHILL'S DEFEAT IN DUNDEE, 1922, AND THE DECLINE OF LIBERAL POLITICAL ECONOMY." Historical Journal 63, no. 4 (2019): 980–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000475.

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AbstractThis article uses Churchill's defeat in Dundee in 1922 to examine the challenges to liberal political economy in Britain posed by the First World War. In particular, the focus is on the impact of the war on reshaping the global division of labour and the difficulties in responding to the domestic consequences of this reshaping. Dundee provides an ideal basis for examining the links between local politics and global economic changes in this period because of the traumatic effects of the war on the city. Dundee depended to an extraordinary extent on one, extremely ‘globalized’, industry

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Grieves, Keith. "‘Lowther's Lambs’: Rural Paternalism and Voluntary Recruitment in the First World War." Rural History 4, no. 1 (1993): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300003484.

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On the outbreak of war in August 1914 landowners in Sussex immediately started to employ their local leadership roles in the cause of voluntary recruiting and in doing so demonstrated the continuing utility of paternalistic social relations and the traditional rural structure to a nation preparing for war. The slow decline in social prestige provided by landownership was far from visible in the military sphere. As members of the military establishment – regular and territorial, past and present – landowners with clearly identifiable local economic, political and leisure interests attended to t

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Salisbury, Richard V. "Revolution and Recognition: A British Perspective On Isthmian Affairs During the 1920s." Americas 48, no. 3 (1992): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007240.

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With the end of the First World War, American hegemony in the Western Hemisphere appeared to be an unquestioned fact of international life. The defeat of Germany, in combination with the wartime weakening of Great Britain and France, had created a situation whereby the major economic and political competitors of the United States were unable, at least in the short-run, to exercise the degree of influence they had enjoyed in the years before 1914. Given the strategic considerations involving the isthmian canal route, the circum-Caribbean region was the area within the Western Hemisphere where t

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Degen, Bernard, and Christian Koller. "Protest und Streiks in der Schweiz in der zweiten Hälfte des Ersten Weltkriegs." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 1 (2019): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894418820257.

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Zusammenfassung Switzerland was spared direct involvement into the First World War, nevertheless the global conflict had tremendous political and economic impact on the neutral republic. Major antagonisms emerged between the different linguistic groups sympathising with opposing belligerent coalitions as well as between different social strata. Food and fuel shortages and wartime inflation as well as a lack of integration of the labour movement into the political system and its partial shift to the left resulted in a wave of strikes and protest in the second half of the war that continued into

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Hudson-Richards, Julia. "Ships, Bread, and Work: Agrarian Conflict in the Mediterranean Countryside, 1914–1923." International Labor and Working-Class History 94 (2018): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547918000078.

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AbstractThis article examines the collapse of the citrus industry in València, Spain during the last years of World War I. In it, I argue that the strikes represent a key moment in the proletarianization of the region's agricultural working classes. By 1914, citrus had become one of Spain's most profitable exports, and prior to the 1917 crash, the landed and monied interests in control of the industry had enforced the notion of inter-class cooperation, which broke down under the economic stress of the War. In the wake of the collapse and the strikes that followed, workers began to organize in

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Dreisziger, Nador F. "The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: The Legacy of the Refugees." Nationalities Papers 13, no. 2 (1985): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905998508408022.

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The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 exerted a deep influence on the international communist movement and greatly affected the political and economic outlook in Hungary. A less well-known legacy of the uprising is what may be called the refugee experience, a momentous chapter in the history of human migration and resettlement. An examination of this experience reveals that the appearance of the Hungarian refugees in Western Europe and the New World greatly changed the development of Hungarian ethnic communities already in existence there, and that the refugees’ presence in the West continues to ha

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Roberts, Priscilla. "“Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?” The Federal Reserve System's Founding Fathers and Allied Finances in the First World War." Business History Review 72, no. 4 (1998): 585–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116623.

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The First World War presented the newly formed Federal Reserve System with issues that were crucial in defining its future institutional character and operational strategies and priorities. From 1914 to 1917 disputes over the relationship between the U.S. and belligerent European nations divided competing groups of New York bankers who had helped to create the Federal Reserve System and who otherwise shared many of the same objectives for its future purpose and functions. These divisions grew particularly acrimonious over policies concerning acceptances, a new financial instrument that could s

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Zieliński, Konrad. "Polish-Jewish Relations in the Kingdom of Poland During the First World War." European Journal of Jewish Studies 2, no. 2 (2008): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187247109x454440.

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AbstractThe First World War, and particularly the occupation by the Central States, had a great impact upon the relations of the Jews with the Poles. During this period, Polish-Jewish relations deteriorated. The growing economic problems as well as the rise of the nationalistic mood accompanying the approaching independence supported this tendency. At the same time, the new social and political situation, the relative liberalism of the occupying forces, the free elections, the activities of self-government, and the emergence of the Polish autonomous institutions created new possibilities for P

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Zakharov, Alexander, Elena Leontyeva, and Alexander Leontyev. "Advertisements in Russian provincial press at the beginning of the First World War." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 12, no. 1 (2019): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-04-2018-0022.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine some common and specific features of advertisements published in Tsaritsyn’s (present-day Volgograd) daily newspapers at the beginning of the First Word War. The town of Tsaritsyn was a local centre of the rapid economic growth that the Russian Empire experienced in the early 1910s; it can be considered a model of Russian provincial advertising behaviours and the consumer culture of the time. Design/methodology/approach The main methods used in this paper are the local history approach and discourse and socio-political, content and gender analysis, as well as

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Nott, James. "Dance Halls: Towards an Architectural and Spatial History,c. 1918–65." Architectural History 61 (2018): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2018.8.

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AbstractThe dance hall was a symbol of social, cultural and political change. From the mid-1920s until the mid-1960s, the dance hall occupied a pivotal place in the culture of working- and lower-middle-class communities in Britain. Its emergence and popularity following the First World War reflected improvements in the social and economic well-being of the working and lower middle classes. The architecture of dance halls reflected these modernising trends, as well as a democratisation of pleasure. The very name adopted by the modern dance hall, ‘palais de danse’, emphasises this ambition. Affo

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Ville, Simon, and David Tolmie Merrett. "Investing in a Wealthy Resource-Based Colonial Economy: International Business in Australia before World War I." Business History Review 94, no. 2 (2020): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680520000264.

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The article is a rare investigation into multinational activity in a wealthy resource-based colonial economy toward the end of the first wave of globalization. It challenges the conventional wisdom that multinationals had a limited presence in pre-1914 Australia, where government loans and portfolio investment from Britain into infrastructural and primary industries dominated. Our new database of nearly five hundred foreign firms, from various nations and spread across the host economy, shows a thriving and diverse international business community whose agency mattered for economic development

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Lambert, Nicholas A. "Book Review: Britain, France, and the Financing of the First World War, Britain's Economic Blockade of Germany, 1914–1919." International Journal of Maritime History 16, no. 2 (2004): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871404016002100.

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Collier, Deirdre M., and Paul J. Miranti. "Tariffs, rail rates and social welfare in the USA, 1887-1914." Journal of Management History 26, no. 4 (2020): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-08-2019-0051.

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Purpose This study aims to explain how the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) used its power over rail rates as part of an effort to promote the growth of economically underdeveloped regions of the USA. This was accomplished by subsidizing shipments of food and fuel staples to major domestic and world markets and by offsetting the burden of high protective tariffs through low transportation rates on imported goods, from its inception in 1887 until the disruption of ocean transport with the outbreak of First World War in 1914. Design/methodology/approach Through examination of contemporary IC

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Wendland, Anna Veronika. "Post-Austrian Lemberg: War Commemoration, Interethnic Relations, and ban Identity in Lľviv, 1918-1939." Austrian History Yearbook 34 (January 2003): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800020440.

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East and east central European cities are a neglected field of research in urban history. While a certain number of publications exist on select urban phenomena such as urban Jewry, only recently have attempts been made to focus research on entire cities. Studies published in the last decade have tried to discover the unknown urban world of multiethnic societies in countries such as Russia, Poland, Ukraine, and the Baltic states. Researchers must cope with specific problems. General city histories are very rare, with the exception of several “city biographies” dating from the 1920s and 1930s.

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Ponce, Javier. "Allied blockade in the Mid-East Atlantic during the First World War: cruisers against commerce-raiders." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 4 (2020): 882–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420982200.

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This article examines the Allied blockade around the Canary Islands as a response to the German cruiser war, since the crossroads of trade routes from the South Atlantic that took place in the Canary Islands allowed the German commerce-raiders to ensure, on the one hand, the encounter with numerous enemy merchant ships, objectives of this economic war and, on the other hand, the aid of the numerous German merchant ships that were in their ports, especially as colliers. The immediate Allied action to block the ports in the Canary Islands took advantage of the undisputed hegemony of Great Britai

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Graf, Rüdiger. "Either-Or: The Narrative of “Crisis” in Weimar Germany and in Historiography." Central European History 43, no. 4 (2010): 592–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938910000725.

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The notion of “crisis” plays an important role in both the history of the Weimar Republic and the historiography on this period of German history. Modifying Max Horkheimer's famous dictum on the intrinsic connection between capitalism and fascism, one might even say that anyone who does not want to talk about “crisis” should remain silent about Weimar Germany. In the brief period between 1918 and 1933 Germany not only had to cope with the consequences of World War I and the Versailles Treaty, but also it was struck by two severe economic crises. Moreover, strong political forces relentlessly t

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Batakovic, Dusan. "On parliamentary democracy in Serbia 1903-1914 political parties, elections, political freedoms." Balcanica, no. 48 (2017): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1748123b.

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Parliamentary democracy in Serbia in the period between the May Coup of 1903 and the beginning of the First World War in 1914 was, as compellingly shown by the regular and very detailed reports of the diplomatic representatives of two exemplary democracies, Great Britain and France, functional and fully accommodated to the requirements of democratic governance. Some shortcomings, which were reflected in the influence of extra-constitutional (?irresponsible?) factors, such as the group of conspirators from 1903 or their younger wing from 1911 (the organisation Unification or Death), occasionall

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Bozanic, Snezana, and Ana Elakovic-Nenadovic. "From the “personal dossier” of dr. Adolf Hempt: From school time to the retirement." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 170 (2019): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1970195b.

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The paper analyzes the professional movements, the scientific and professional work of Dr. Adolf Hempt, one of the leading rabiologists in Yugoslavia and in the world. The research is based on the well-preserved and unexplored personal dossier of Dr. Adolf Hempt, which is kept in the Archive of Vojvodina (Novi Sad). From the rich source of material, the authors selected the documents that partircularly highlight his life in Lukavac, then certificates of his scientific and professional engagement in Vienna, Paris and Budapest (1910-1912), testimony about the preparations for his participation i

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Destenay, Emmanuel. "“Nobody's Children”? Political Responses to the Homecoming of First World War Veterans in Northern and Southern Ireland, 1918–1929." Journal of British Studies 60, no. 3 (2021): 632–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2021.61.

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AbstractAt the time when Irish veterans of the Great War were being demobilized, Ireland was in a period of profound social, political, and cultural change that was irreversibly transforming the island. Armistice and the veterans’ relief at having survived the conflict and being back with family could not eclipse the overwhelming political climate they met on their homecoming. This article draws on the 1929 Report by the Committee on Claims of British Ex-servicemen, commissioned by the Irish Free State to investigate whether Irish veterans were discriminated against by the Southern Irish and B

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B, CHINTHU I. "Educational Progress in Travancore: Review on the Role of Travancore Royal Family in Higher Education." GIS Business 14, no. 3 (2019): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4668.

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“Education is the basic tool for the development of consciousness and the reconstitution of society” -Mahatma Gandhi. In Kerala formal and higher education started much earlier than rest of the Indian states. Educational initiatives made the state the most literate one and placed it as well ahead in gender and spatial equity. During the initial phase of educational expansion, education got its prominence for its intrinsic worthiness and played the role of enlightenment and empowerment. Kerala has occupied a prominent place on the educational map of the country from its ancient time. Thou

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Dernovsek, Mojca Z., and Rok Tavcar. "Slovenia: difficulties and strengths of psychiatric research in a small country." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 4 (2003): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.183.4.363.

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With a population of nearly 2 000 000 and an area of about 20 000 km2, Slovenia is a heterogeneous European country that extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the Alps. Slovenian political history dates back to the 6th century, when the first free principality of the ancient Slovenians was established – Caranthania – famous for its democratic institutions, legal system, popular elections of dukes and progressive legal rights for women. From the 13th century until 1918, Slovenians were ruled by the Habsburgs. After 1918, Slovenia became a part of Yugoslavia and again enjoyed a considerable degr

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Shearer, J. Ronald. "The Reichskuratorium für Wirtschaftlichkeit: Fordism and Organized Capitalism in Germany, 1918–1945." Business History Review 71, no. 4 (1997): 569–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116307.

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The Reichskuratorium (RKW) was founded in 1921 by Carl Friedrich von Siemens and his subalternate, Carl Köttgen. The organization strove to implement measures of industrial and organizational efficiency in Germany in the interwar era following the American models of Frederick W. Taylor and Henry Ford. This study uses the organization as a vehicle to evaluate varieties of organized capitalism in German business and industrial history since the late nineteenth century. Most recent research has identified forms of organized capitalism that include significant input from organized labor along with

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Whitston, Kevin. "The Reception of Scientific Management by British Engineers, 1890–1914." Business History Review 71, no. 2 (1997): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116158.

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While Britain never had a scientific management movement like that in America, historians have exaggerated the negative reaction of British engineers to the ideas of F. W. Taylor and other American proponents of business efficiency. A review of the leading British engineering journals in the early twentieth century reveals that Taylorism received a fair amount of attention, and much of it positive. By the beginning of the First World War, the majority of trade journals were echoing Taylor's demands for a new type of management. The misapprehension on behalf of historians stems from a number of

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Patalano, Rosario. "Un sistema imperfetto: il Gold Standard e i suoi critici (1870-1914)." HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY, no. 2 (December 2009): 63–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/spe2009-002004.

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- This paper examines the debate on the gold standard from 1870 to 1914. In this period the gold standard becomes the world's monetary regime, but this political success is disputed by a considerable part of the coeval economic theory. The different critical positions showed the imperfections of the gold standard and the critical economists proposed several solutions. The most radical solutions wished a return to the bimetallic regime or the adoption of experimental system, like the symmetallism proposed by Marshall. Other critical positions were direct towards attempts of reforms, which leade

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Hurrell, Andrew. "Power Transitions, Global Justice, and the Virtues of Pluralism." Ethics & International Affairs 27, no. 2 (2013): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679413000087.

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Broad comparisons of international relations across time—of the prospects for peace and of the possibilities for a new ethics for a connected world—typically focus on two dimensions: economic globalization and integration on the one hand, and the character of major interstate relations on the other. One of the most striking features of the pre-1914 world was precisely the coincidence of intensified globalization with a dramatic deterioration in major power relations, the downfall of concert-style approaches to international order, and the descent into total war and ideological confrontation—wh

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Whiteside, Noel. "Unemployment Revisited in Comparative Perspective: Labour Market Policy in Strasbourg and Liverpool, 1890–1914." International Review of Social History 52, no. 1 (2007): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900600277x.

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Many historical studies, some of them comparative, have explored the foundations of welfare states and the birth of unemployment policies in Europe in the late nineteenth century. Nearly all have focused on political debate at national level. This paper bases its analysis on labour market reforms initiated in Strasbourg and Liverpool in the decades preceding World War I. It explores how bona fide unemployed workers, the proper clients of official help, were distinguished from the mass of the poor and indigent. The labour market had to be defined and organized before policies for the unemployed

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Deaconu, Adela, and Crina I. Filip. "The economy and accounting sophistication: An overview of Transylvania." Accounting History 22, no. 1 (2016): 92–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373216668183.

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Based on historiography and documentary research, this study juxtaposes the economic history of the Principality of Transylvania against the general evolution of accounting practice and thought, and makes comparisons with the general European context. Along with providing evidence for a less-researched area, the discussion on the sophistication of accounting through successive stages – from 1541 to 1918 – is useful for enabling other regional comparative studies. This study argues that there was a delay in the evolution of accounting in Transylvania compared to the development of European acco

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