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1
Coyle, Lewis J. "The economic impact of military installations on regional economies." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23647.
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Suves, Patrick. "The Economic Impact of a Major Sports Event : An analysis what effect the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup in Levi, Finland has on the local economy." Thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-487.
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Aim
The aim of this study has been to determine the economic impact on the local economy of a large scale international sporting event, namely the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup in Levi, Finland. In addition, it seeks to investigate the regional origins of visitors to the event and the relationship between residence and expenditure.
Method
The methodology consisted of two key stages: the estimation of visitor expenditure and the calculation of the economic impact of this. Information about visitor expenditure and background was collected by survey on site during the event. This has been additionally completed with interviews with key persons associated with the event concerning organizational and infrastructure spending.
Results
The results of the survey indicate that the event gives a direct boost of an estimate of six and a half million Euros to the local economy. When taking into consideration the tourism multipliers for the area the total economic impact of the event ranges between 7,5 and 9,5 million Euros. Additionally the results also point out a clear relationship between the residence and expenditure of the event visitors.
Conclusions
The results of the economic impact can be used by the Organization Committee as a tool to show and justify future investments with public funding. Additionally the background and origins of the attendees gives a great deal of information for the people behind the marketing and sponsorship strategies. Further studies regarding the calculation of specific factors within economic impact studies would though be greatly needed.
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Keerthiratne, Wendala Gamaralalage Subhani Sulochana. "Economic impact of natural disasters." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70405/.
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Bellak, Christian. "Economic Impact of Investment Agreements." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4625/1/wp200.pdf.
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Based on a thorough analysis of theoretical arguments, this meta-analysis does not find a genuine empirical effect of Bilateral Investment Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment after correcting for publication selection bias.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
5
Mafiri, M. I. "Socio-economic impact of unemployment." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08162004-135251.
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Ngang, Joseph Bayiah. "The Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth and Economic Development in Cameroon." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1315.
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The role of foreign aid in promoting economic growth and improving the social welfare of people has been the subject of much debate among development specialists, researchers, aid donors as well as recipients in general and Cameroon in particular. In spite of this, there are only few empirical studies that investigate the contributions of foreign aid to economic growth and development in Cameroon. This study explores the impact of foreign aid to economic growth and development in Cameroon using descriptive statistics for data that spans from 1997 to 2006. The results show that foreign aid significantly contributes to the current level of economic growth but has no significant contribution to economic development. The findings imply that Cameroon could enhance its economic development by effectively managing funds from aid and by strategically strengthening anti-corruption measures.
The rest of the work is organized as follows: Chapter one consist of an introduction, chapter two is the literature review, chapter three constitute the research methodology, chapter four is the data presentation and analyses, chapter five summary of findings and recommendations and lastly chapter six conclusions,
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Bae, Jinwon, and Jinwon Bae. "Regional Economic Studies on Natural Resources and Their Economic Impact." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625457.
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Various adaptation and mitigation strategies have been explored to cope with changes in the climate. Estimating these strategies impacts on the local economy is one of the growing and pressing issues for the management of natural resources. This thesis consists of three parts and aims to contribute to regional economic studies by analyzing: (1) the economic impact of solar energy facilities, (2) the level of virtual water flow and the effectiveness of scenarios to mitigate water resource shortage, and (3) the impact of climate change on agriculture through a Ricardian approach weighted by stream flow connectivity.
As an increasingly adopted renewable energy resource, solar power has a high potential for carbon emission reduction and economic development. In the first essay the impacts on jobs, income, and economic output of a new solar power plant are calculated in an input-output framework. The contribution is twofold. First, we compare the multipliers generated by the construction and operation/maintenance of a plant located in California with those that would pertain had it been built in Arizona. Second, we point out the differences in the results obtained with the popular IMPLAN software from those obtained with the solar photovoltaic model of JEDI.
The second essay focuses on water use in Arizona. As much as 73% of the state's scarce water is used by a single sector: crop production. Because 79% of Arizona's crop production is consumed outside the state, this means that, 67% of the water available in the state is being exported to the rest of the country and abroad. This should be of major concern for a state expected to see its population grow and its climate get drier. Using input-output techniques we explore three scenarios aimed at saving 19% of the water available. This figure is based on the results of the first of the scenarios that explores how much can be saved through improving the efficiency of the current irrigation system. The second scenario shows that equivalent water savings could be reached by a twenty-seven-fold increase in the price of water. The third scenario shows that a 19.5% reduction in crop exports could conserve an equal amount of water. The model results suggest that the least costly solution is a more efficient irrigation system, while export reduction is the second best choice.
The third and final essay offers an extension of the well-known Ricardian model of agrarian economic rent. In spite of its popularity among studies of the impact of climate change on agriculture, there has been few attempts to examine the role of interregional spillovers in this framework. We remedy this gap by focusing on the spatial externalities of surface water flow used for irrigation purposes and demonstrate that farmland value—the usual dependent variable used in the Ricardian framework—is a function of the climate variables experienced locally and in upstream locations. This novel approach is tested empirically on a spatial panel model estimated across the counties of the Southwest USA for every five-year period from 1997 to 2012. This region is one of the driest in the country, hence its agriculture relies heavily on irrigation with the preponderance of the sources being surface water transported over long distances. The results highlight the significant role of irrigation spillovers and indicate that the actual impact of climate change on agriculture and subsequent adaptation policies can no longer overlook the streamflow network.
8
Fujisaki, Ikuko. "Economic Impact of Snowmobiling in Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2001. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4002.
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The purpose of this study was to estimate statewide and local economic impact resulting from snowmobiling activities in Utah to gain a better understanding of preferences and opinions of Utah snowmobilers. The results will provide valuable information for snowmobiling management.
The survey instrument was designed to describe trip behavior, snowmobiling-related trip and annual expenditures, level of satisfaction with Utah snowmobiling opportunities, and demographics. A telephone survey was conducted with randomly selected households with registered snowmobiles during the period from April to June 2000. A 54.5% response rate yielded 373 usable completed questionnaires for data analysis.
For economic impact analysis, an input-output model was applied using IMPLANTM software using the Utah Cross Industrial Matrix in 1999. From the survey, statewide trip and annual snowmobiling associated expenditures data were estimated. Then output, value added, employment, income, and tax impacts were estimated using IMPLAN. For trip characteristics, level of satisfaction, and demographics, analyses were made using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The results indicate that average household per trip and annual expenditures were $126 and $2,932, respectively. About $53 million of reported expenditures created $34 million in local output impact. Total output impact was largest in the Wasatch Front and Mountain Lands planning districts and smallest in the Southeast and Uintah Basin. These results also indicate that the most popular snowmobiling area, Hardware Ranch, Monte Cristo, and Logan Canyon area in the Bear River planning district, had not necessarily received a large economic gain. The survey participants were moderately satisfied with snowmobiling facilities and services in Utah. However, there were still needed improvements in facilities and services, especially parking space availability and trail grooming.
9
Walenczykowski, Slawomir P. "Tax reform in transition economies and its impact on economic performance." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FWalenczykowski.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in International Resource Planning and Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Robert M. McNab, William R. Gates. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). Also available online.
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Frik, Alisa. "Economics of Privacy: Users’ Attitudes and Economic Impact of Information Privacy Protection." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368319.
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This doctoral thesis consists of three essays within the field of economics of information privacy examined through the lens of behavioral and experimental economics.
Rapid development and expansion of Internet, mobile and network technologies in the last decades has provided multitudinous opportunities and benefits to both business and society proposing the customized services and personalized offers at a relatively low price and high speed. However, such innovations and progress have also created complex and hazardous issues. One of the main
problems is related to the management of extensive flows of information, containing terabytes of personal data. Collection, storage, analysis, and sharing of this information imply risks and trigger users’ concerns that range from nearly harmless to significantly pernicious, including tracking of online behavior and location, intrusive or unsolicited marketing, price discrimination, surveillance, hacking attacks, fraud, and identity theft. Some users ignore these issues or at least do not take an action to protect their online privacy. Others try to
limit their activity in Internet, which in turn may inhibit the online shopping acceptance. Yet another group of users gathers personal information protection, for example, by deploying the privacy-enhancing technologies, e.g., ad-blockers, e-mail encryption, etc. The ad-blockers sometimes reduce the revenue of online publishers, which provide the content to their users for free and do not receive the income from advertisers in case the user has blocked ads. The economics of privacy studies the trade-offs related to the positive and negative economic consequences of personal information use by data subjects and its protection by data holders and aims at balancing the interests of both parties optimising the expected utilities of various stakeholders. As technology is penetrating every aspect of human life raising numerous privacy issues and affecting a large number of interested parties, including business, policy-makers, and legislative regulators, the outcome of this research is expected to have a great impact on individual economic markets, consumers, and society as a whole.
The first essay provides an extensive literature review and combines the theoretical and empirical evidence on the impact of advertising in both traditional and digital media in order to gain the insights about the effects of ad-blocking privacy-enhancing technologies on consumers’ welfare. It first studies the views of the main schools of advertising, informative and persuasive. The informative school of advertising emphasizes the positive effects of advertising on sales, competition, product quality, and consumers’ utility and satisfaction by matching buyers to sellers, informing the potential customers about available goods and enhancing their informed purchasing decisions. In contrast, the advocates of persuasive school view advertising as a generator of irrational brand loyalty that distorts consumers’ preferences, inflates product prices, and creates entry barriers. I pay special attention to the targeted advertising, which is typically assumed to have a positive impact on consumers’ welfare if it does not
cause the decrease of product quality and does not involve the extraction of consumers’ surplus through the exploitation of reservation price for discriminating activities. Moreover, the utility of personalized advertising appears to be a function of its accuracy: the more relevant is a targeted offer, the more valuable it is for the customer. I then review the effects of online advertising on the main stakeholders and users and show that the low cost of online advertising leads to excessive advertising volumes causing information overload,
psychological discomfort and reactance, privacy concerns, decreased exploration activities and opinion diversity, and market inefficiency. Finally, as ad-blocking technologies filter advertising content and limit advertising exposure, I analyze the consequences of ad-blocking deployment through the lens of the models on advertising restrictions. The control of advertising volume and its partial restriction would benefit both consumers and businesses more than a complete ban of advertising. For example, advertising exposure caps, which limit the number of times that the same ad is to be shown to a particular user, general reduction of the advertising slots, control of the advertising quality standards, and limitation of tracking would result in a better market equilibrium than can offer an arms race of ad-blockers and anti-ad-blockers. Finally, I review the
solutions alternative to the blocking of advertising content, which include self regulation, non-intrusive ads programs, paywall, intention economy approach that promotes business models, in which user initiates the trade and not the marketer, and active social movements aimed at increasing social awareness and consumer education.
The second essay describes a model of factors affecting Internet users’ perceptions of websites’ trustworthiness with respect to their privacy and the intentions to purchase from such websites. Using focus group method I calibrate
a list of websites’ attributes that represent those factors. Then I run an online survey with 117 adult participants to validate the research model. I find that privacy (including awareness, information collection and control practices),
security, and reputation (including background and feedback) have strong effect on trust and willingness to buy, while website quality plays a marginal role. Although generally trustworthiness perceptions and purchase intentions
are positively correlated, in some cases participants are likely to purchase from the websites that they have judged as untrustworthy. I discuss how behavioral biases and decision-making heuristics may explain this discrepancy between perceptions and behavioral intentions. Finally, I analyze and suggest what factors, particular websites’ attributes, and individual characteristics have the strongest effect on hindering or advancing customers’ trust and willingness to buy. In the third essay I investigate the decision of experimental subjects to incur the risk of revealing personal information to other participants. I do so by using a novel method to generate personal information that reliably induces privacy concerns in the laboratory. I show that individual decisions to incur privacy risk are correlated with decisions to incur monetary risk. I find that partially depriving subjects of control over the revelation of their personal information does not lead them to lose interest in protecting it. I also find that making
subjects think of privacy decisions after financial decisions reduces their aversion to privacy risk. Finally, surveyed attitude to privacy and explicit willingness to
pay or to accept payments for personal information correlate with willingness to incur privacy risk. Having shown that privacy loss can be assimilated to a monetary loss, I compare decisions to incur risk in privacy lotteries with risk attitude in monetary lotteries to derive estimates of the implicit monetary value of privacy. The average implicit monetary value of privacy is about equal to the average willingness to pay to protect private information, but the two measures do not correlate at the individual level. I conclude by underlining the need to know individual attitudes to risk to properly evaluate individual attitudes to privacy as such.
11
Frik, Alisa. "Economics of Privacy: Users' Attitudes and Economic Impact of Information Privacy Protection." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2017. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2025/1/Frik_Alisa_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This doctoral thesis consists of three essays within the field of economics of information privacy examined through the lens of behavioral and experimental economics.
Rapid development and expansion of Internet, mobile and network technologies in the last decades has provided multitudinous opportunities and benefits to both business and society proposing the customized services and personalized offers at a relatively low price and high speed. However, such innovations and progress have also created complex and hazardous issues. One of the main
problems is related to the management of extensive flows of information, containing terabytes of personal data. Collection, storage, analysis, and sharing of this information imply risks and trigger usersâ concerns that range from nearly harmless to significantly pernicious, including tracking of online behavior and location, intrusive or unsolicited marketing, price discrimination, surveillance, hacking attacks, fraud, and identity theft. Some users ignore these issues or at least do not take an action to protect their online privacy. Others try to
limit their activity in Internet, which in turn may inhibit the online shopping acceptance. Yet another group of users gathers personal information protection, for example, by deploying the privacy-enhancing technologies, e.g., ad-blockers, e-mail encryption, etc. The ad-blockers sometimes reduce the revenue of online publishers, which provide the content to their users for free and do not receive the income from advertisers in case the user has blocked ads. The economics of privacy studies the trade-offs related to the positive and negative economic consequences of personal information use by data subjects and its protection by data holders and aims at balancing the interests of both parties optimising the expected utilities of various stakeholders. As technology is penetrating every aspect of human life raising numerous privacy issues and affecting a large number of interested parties, including business, policy-makers, and legislative regulators, the outcome of this research is expected to have a great impact on individual economic markets, consumers, and society as a whole.
The first essay provides an extensive literature review and combines the theoretical and empirical evidence on the impact of advertising in both traditional and digital media in order to gain the insights about the effects of ad-blocking privacy-enhancing technologies on consumersâ welfare. It first studies the views of the main schools of advertising, informative and persuasive. The informative school of advertising emphasizes the positive effects of advertising on sales, competition, product quality, and consumersâ utility and satisfaction by matching buyers to sellers, informing the potential customers about available goods and enhancing their informed purchasing decisions. In contrast, the advocates of persuasive school view advertising as a generator of irrational brand loyalty that distorts consumersâ preferences, inflates product prices, and creates entry barriers. I pay special attention to the targeted advertising, which is typically assumed to have a positive impact on consumersâ welfare if it does not
cause the decrease of product quality and does not involve the extraction of consumersâ surplus through the exploitation of reservation price for discriminating activities. Moreover, the utility of personalized advertising appears to be a function of its accuracy: the more relevant is a targeted offer, the more valuable it is for the customer. I then review the effects of online advertising on the main stakeholders and users and show that the low cost of online advertising leads to excessive advertising volumes causing information overload,
psychological discomfort and reactance, privacy concerns, decreased exploration activities and opinion diversity, and market inefficiency. Finally, as ad-blocking technologies filter advertising content and limit advertising exposure, I analyze the consequences of ad-blocking deployment through the lens of the models on advertising restrictions. The control of advertising volume and its partial restriction would benefit both consumers and businesses more than a complete ban of advertising. For example, advertising exposure caps, which limit the number of times that the same ad is to be shown to a particular user, general reduction of the advertising slots, control of the advertising quality standards, and limitation of tracking would result in a better market equilibrium than can offer an arms race of ad-blockers and anti-ad-blockers. Finally, I review the
solutions alternative to the blocking of advertising content, which include self regulation, non-intrusive ads programs, paywall, intention economy approach that promotes business models, in which user initiates the trade and not the marketer, and active social movements aimed at increasing social awareness and consumer education.
The second essay describes a model of factors affecting Internet usersâ perceptions of websitesâ trustworthiness with respect to their privacy and the intentions to purchase from such websites. Using focus group method I calibrate
a list of websitesâ attributes that represent those factors. Then I run an online survey with 117 adult participants to validate the research model. I find that privacy (including awareness, information collection and control practices),
security, and reputation (including background and feedback) have strong effect on trust and willingness to buy, while website quality plays a marginal role. Although generally trustworthiness perceptions and purchase intentions
are positively correlated, in some cases participants are likely to purchase from the websites that they have judged as untrustworthy. I discuss how behavioral biases and decision-making heuristics may explain this discrepancy between perceptions and behavioral intentions. Finally, I analyze and suggest what factors, particular websitesâ attributes, and individual characteristics have the strongest effect on hindering or advancing customersâ trust and willingness to buy. In the third essay I investigate the decision of experimental subjects to incur the risk of revealing personal information to other participants. I do so by using a novel method to generate personal information that reliably induces privacy concerns in the laboratory. I show that individual decisions to incur privacy risk are correlated with decisions to incur monetary risk. I find that partially depriving subjects of control over the revelation of their personal information does not lead them to lose interest in protecting it. I also find that making
subjects think of privacy decisions after financial decisions reduces their aversion to privacy risk. Finally, surveyed attitude to privacy and explicit willingness to
pay or to accept payments for personal information correlate with willingness to incur privacy risk. Having shown that privacy loss can be assimilated to a monetary loss, I compare decisions to incur risk in privacy lotteries with risk attitude in monetary lotteries to derive estimates of the implicit monetary value of privacy. The average implicit monetary value of privacy is about equal to the average willingness to pay to protect private information, but the two measures do not correlate at the individual level. I conclude by underlining the need to know individual attitudes to risk to properly evaluate individual attitudes to privacy as such.
12
Kittelson, Matthew James. "The economic impact of traffic crashes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34804.
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The purpose of this thesis is to quantify the economic costs associated with traffic crashes for 83 of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States and compare those costs to that of congestion. This was done by collecting injury and fatality data for each area and multiplying those by economic cost estimates for each developed by the FHWA. The findings of this analysis show that the economic cost of traffic crashes exceeds the economic costs of congestion in every metropolitan area studied. These results indicate that transportation safety deserves similar consideration to that of traffic congestion when allocation transportation funds.
13
Patriquin, M. N. "Environmentally extended regional economic impact modeling." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0012/MQ59861.pdf.
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Mahoney, Michelle Sheila. "The economic psychological impact of transparency." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408740.
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Poltash, Alex. "Repealing Section 1031: The Economic Impact." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1280.
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The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of a modification and or repeal of section 1031 in the U.S. Tax code. Specifically, this paper focused on a "revenue-neutral" repeal effect in which the additional proceeds from the repeal of section 1031 would go towards decreasing the corporate income tax rate. Overall, the treasury would remain neutral. The implications of this potential repeal were wide. The macroeconomic effect on the economy appeared to be negative, all other things being equal. GDP is predicted to fall by .11% each year. Additionally, Investment will be negatively affected with the decreased liquidity of "exchangeable" assets due to longer holding periods of these assets. Investors should expect to hold these assets longer to decrease their effective tax rate over the life of the investment. Investment is predicted to decline by $7 billion. Real Estate will be the industry that will ultimately be affected the most by a repeal situation as the real estate sector uses like-kind exchanges more frequently than in any other industry. Overall, we can expect to see small declines in macroeconomic factors due to the repeal of this provision that has been benefiting investors for decades.
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Wallman, Andrew. "The Economic Impact of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City." Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/365.
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Thesis advisor: Christopher F. BaumThis paper seeks to estimate the impacts generated from the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Using a data set representing 76 metropolitan statistical areas in the western United States, and later 31 metropolitan statistical areas in Utah and its bordering neighbors, I construct an Arellano-Bond dynamic panel data regression that seeks to model metropolitan employment growth had the Olympics never taken place. With this logic I apply the Arellano- Bond regression to real personal income and real average wages, in a vector autoregression framework, estimating gains to those variables over a reasonable timeframe. The predictions from these variables are then compared to actual figures in which a picture of the economic impact of the 2002 Games is generated. Using out of sample predictions I estimate Salt Lake City's Olympic impact in employment is roughly between 20,487 and 36,150 job-years, between $ 381 and $ 2,470 to real per-capita personal income, and a decrease of $ 273 to $ 2004 in real average wages
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
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Frankel, Ernst G. "Cargo reservation and restrictive shipping practices : Economic and operational impact." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373115.
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Daniels, Sinclair Lonwabo. "The impact of economic downturn on black economic empowerment and banks." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1505.
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The purpose of this treatise is to ascertain the impact of economic downturn on Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) and Banks. This has been sparked by the huge speculations in the market as to what will happen to BEE and how will the banks cope in general with the impact of this scourge. It is imperative to understand the influence of the 2008+ economic downturn on socio-economic reconstruction and development in South Africa and the black economic empowerment and its funding mechanisms. The treatise has two phases the, namely the theoretical phase and a bit of narrative phase. In the theoretical phase the research study interrogates what the literature review reveals about the economic downturn, BEE as well as performances of different banks across the world. This shows the economic impact that the banks have had to endure during the economic downturn. This resulted in stock markets losing their value. The dividend earners were significantly affected including a sizeable number of BEE companies. The BEE companies are perceived to be too reliant on debt on to finance their deals and this treatise will look at various options of financing a BEE deal and what is deem to the most suited financing structure. The narrative phase involves semi-structured interviews that were conducted in order to ascertain the real impact that South African were faced with and how they have managed to steer clear of the turbulent waters. This also looked at how the BEE consultant views the current occurrences in the market.
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Gorlach, Vsevolod Igorevich. "The impact of economic freedom on economic growth in the SADC." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020786.
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The role of institutions – economic freedom – is a critical determinant of economic growth, yet the global distribution of economic freedom is skewed. Economic freedom focuses on personal choice, the ability to make voluntary transactions, the freedom to compete and the security of property rights. The SADC is attempting to alleviate poverty and achieve sustainable development and economic growth. This thesis illustrates that economic freedom, in aggregate, and on an individual component basis, drives economic growth. The annual data for the 12 SADC counties from 2000 to 2009 are used to construct a panel data model to conduct the empirical analyses. Cross-sectional effects, as well as time (period) effects, are valid; and thus, a two-way error-component model is estimated. The Hausman test showed the regressors to be endogenous and correlated with the error term. The Pesaran CD test, suitable for dynamic panels, determined that cross-sections are interdependent; and the cross-correlation coefficient indicated a relatively weak, yet substantial, correlation. The LSDV two-way error-component model is re-estimated using the Driscoll and Kraay standard errors and time-demeaned data to correct for cross-sectional dependence. Given the endogeneity between the idiosyncratic disturbance term and the regressors, the presence of heteroskedasticity and serial correlation, as well as the interdependence amongst the cross-sections, the econometric model is then estimated using the two-step system general method of moments with forward orthogonal deviations – instead of differencing. The results meet all the post-estimation diagnostic requirements: the Arellano and Bond test for second-order serial correlation fails to reject the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation; theSargan test for over-identification fails to reject the null hypothesis that the over-identification restrictions are valid, and the difference-in-Hansen test fails to reject the null hypothesis that the instrument subsets are strictly exogenous. The empirical results confirm the a priori expectations. Economic freedom is a positive and significant driver of economic growth. Investment and economic openness are positively related to growth, whereas government debt decreases growth. Government consumption is an insignificant driver of a country’s growth. The Granger causality test confirmed the direction of causality; economic freedom precedes economic growth; and it is possible for the SADC to improve their growth rates by becoming economically freer. The coefficient of adjustment derived from the error-correction model indicates that the dynamic system takes approximately two years to adjust to the long-run structural level. The Koyck Transformation indicates that the relationship between economic freedom and growth is intertemporal, requiring a lag structure. An impulse-response function shows that a permanent, positive ‘shock’ to economic freedom results in an increase in economic growth, although the extent differs for each country, as well as for the different freedom components. The five individual economic freedom components are all highly significant and positive drivers of growth; however, the magnitude of the elasticity parameters varies. The causality amongst the components indicates that bidirectional causality is present. Therefore, improving economic freedom in one area improves economic freedom in another, creating a multiplier effect.
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Asadi, Mehrnoosh. "Evaluating the Economic Impact of Recreational Charter Fishing in Florida Using Hedonic Price and Economic Impact Analysis." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2547.
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Florida is the “Fishing Capital of the World”. With 3.1 million recreational anglers and total recreational fishing-related expenditures of $5 billion in 2011, Florida ranked first in the nation. Given the large benefits of recreational fishing in Florida, assessing the preferences of anglers is critical for sustaining the substantial benefits obtained from recreational fishing in Florida. The objective of this study is to estimate the value of fishing attributes using data on recreational fishing services offered by guides and outfitters. Hedonic price models are applied to estimate the implicit prices of fishing trip attributes and features. The estimated total economic impacts suggest that recreational fishing activities have added $151.19 million value to the economy of Florida and generated $69.73 million in total output. The results can be used by state and national policymakers for future policy design and management of this unique ecosystem service to ensure a sustainable economy.
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Visagie, Linette (Linette Louise). "The macro-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53135.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa faces one of the world's most severe HIV/AIDS epidemics. Whereas the disease was initially only regarded as a serious health crisis, it is now clear that the epidemic will also have economic repercussions. The objective of this study is to project the extent of the macro-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa over the next 10 to 15 years. The study commences with a discussion of the key characteristics of HIV/AIDS and the current status of the epidemic in South Africa. The demographic inputs used are based on projections produced by the HIV/AIDS model of Metropolitan Life (the Doyle model). The methodology and key assumptions behind the Doyle model are described briefly, after which the demographic projections are presented and discussed. The paper contains a summary of previous approaches to modelling the economic impact of HIV/AIDS, as well as a presentation and discussion of their simulation results. In reviewing the available literature on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS, it becomes apparent that researchers have not yet reached consensus on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa - estimates of the impact on GDP growth range anywhere between a reduction of 0.3 and 2.0 percentage points over the next 10 to 15 years. The approach that is used in modelling the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in this study comprises the following: Firstly, a no-AIDS forecast of the South African economy is generated using the annual macro-econometric forecasting model of the Bureau for Economic Research. Secondly, the channels through which the epidemic would likely impact on the economy are identified and modelled. These include slower growth in the population and the labour force; higher employee benefit contributions by employers and employees; indirect costs to the private and public sectors (e.g. lower productivity and higher recruitment and training costs); and higher health and welfare expenditure by the government, as well as an increase in tax rates. The economic effects of each impact channel are analysed independently, after which the different impact channels are combined in the model for the aggregated AIDS inclusive simulation. The results are presented in the form of comparisons between "no-AIDS" and "AIDS" projections for key economic variables for the period 2001 to 2015. The paper also contains results from a macro-economic sensitivity analysis, in which seven of the key assumptions are altered in order to test the sensitivity of the model to these changes. Simulation results indicate that the epidemic will have a negative impact on economic growth in South Africa - real GDP growth could fall from a projected average of 3.7% over the period 2002-2015 without HIV/AIDS to between 3.4% and 3.1 % per year with HIV/AIDS. In contrast, real per capita GDP growth is projected to be 0.7 to 1.0 percentage points higher compared to a no-AIDS scenario, as the adverse impact of the epidemic on the population will outweigh the negative impact on real GDP.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika staar een van die wêreld se ernstigste MIV/VIGS epidemies in die gesig. Aanvanklik is die siekte slegs as 'n erge gesondheidskrisis beskou, maar vandag is dit duidelik dat die epidemie ook ekonomiese gevolge sal hê. Die oogmerk van hierdie studie is om die omvang van die makro-ekonomiese impak van MIV/VIGS oor die volgende 10 tot 15 jaar in Suid-Afrika te beraam. Die proefskrif begin met 'n bespreking van die belangrikste eienskappe van MIV/VIGS en die huidige stand van die epidemie in Suid-Afrika. Die demografiese insette wat gebruik word, is gebaseer op projeksies van Metropolitan se MIV/VIGS model (die Doyle model). Die metodiek en die sleutel aannames van die Doyle model word kortliks bespreek, waarna die demografiese projeksies aangebied en bespreek word. Die studie bevat 'n opsomming van benaderings wat van te vore gebruik is om die ekonomiese impak van MIV/VIGS te modelleer, asook 'n voorlegging en 'n bespreking van hul resultate. 'n Oorsig van beskikbare literatuur oor die ekonomiese impak van MIV/VIGS bring aan die lig dat daar in werkilikheid nog geen konsensus oor die omvang van die impak op die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie bereik is nie. Beramings van die impak op BBP groei oor die volgende 10 tot 15 jaar wissel van 'n vermindering met 0.3 tot 2.0 persentasie punte. Die benadering wat in hierdie studie gevolg word om die ekonomiese impak van HIV/VIGS te modelleer behels die volgende: Eerstens word 'n vooruitskatting van die Suid- Afrikaanse ekonomie sonder MIV/VIGS gegenereer met die hulp van die makroekonometriese vooruitskattings model van die Buro vir Ekonomiese Ondersoek. Die tweede stap behels die identifisering en die modellering van die verskillende kanale waardeur die epidemie moontlik die ekonomie kan affekteer. Dit sluit onder andere die volgende in: stadiger groei in die populasie en die arbeidsmag; hoër bydraes deur werkgewers en werknemers aan werknemer-bystandfondse; indirekte onkostes vir die privaat en openbare sektore (bv. laer produktiviteit en hoër werwings- en opleidings koste); 'n toename in staatsbesteding op gesondheids en welsyns dienste; asook 'n styging in belastingkoerse. Die ekonomiese implikasies van elkeen van die kanale word individueelontleed, waarna die verskillende kanale saamgevoeg word vir die oorkoepelende simulasie. Die resultate word aangebied in die vorm van vergelykings tussen "geen-VIGS" en "VIGS" projeksies vir sleutel ekonomiese veranderlikes oor die periode 2001-2015. Die proefskrif bevat ook 'n voorlegging van die resultate van 'n makro-ekonomiese sensitiviteits ontleding, waarin sewe van die sleutel aannames verander is met die doelom die gevoeligheid van die model vir hierdie veranderinge te bepaal. Die resultate toon dat die epidemie 'n negatiewe uitwerking op ekonomiese groei in Suid-Afrika sal hê - die gemiddelde groeikoers in die reële BBP oor die periode 2001-2015 mag daal van 'n geprojekteerde 3.7% sonder MIV/VIGS tot tussen 3.4% en 3.1 % met MIV/VIGS. In teenstelling toon die resultate dat die gemiddelde groeikoers in per capita reële BBP tussen 0.7 en 1.0 persentasie punte hoër mag wees vergeleke met die "geen-VIGS" scenario. Die toename in per capita BBP groei kan toegeskryf word aan die skerp daling in die groei van die populasie as gevolg van MIV/VIGS.
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Sartzetaki, Maria. "Computational modeling for evaluating the economic impact of airports on regional economies." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7219.
Full textAbstract:
Airports, as fundamental nodes of the air transport network, reflect the economic status of
the region they serve and act as major engines of economic development, as was stated in
ACI 2004. The impact of regional tourist airports on their region is more important due to
the fact that there is a high interrelation between airports and tourism. A growing literature
on this subject highlights the methods used to calculate the total effect of an airport on
regional economy, and the difficulties entailed in such calculations.
Τhe key objectives of this research are to develop an econometric assessment model based
on a computational modelling concept that will estimate the economic impact of Regional
Tourist Airports on Regional economy. The modelling framework is based on the Input
Output Analysis concept and is in accordance with the theoretical principles of regional
and national Economics, as well as all the reviewed models which have been developed
globally, in order to assess the regional economic significance of airports and transportation
projects. The case study of the research is the new airport in the Island of Crete in Greece,
one of the most attractive tourist destinations in southeast Mediterranean.
Conventional wisdom dictates the presentation of a Computational Input Output Model,
appropriate for this purpose, in order to quantify the total value of the new airport
operation in terms of jobs and income, at a regional and national level. The Economic
impact that the Model will estimate includes four categories of impact: direct, indirect,
induced and catalytic. The model outputs will measure these impacts in terms of Jobs, total
Income and Total growth of GDP.
The goal is to create a Model, which will be appropriate for application in relevant tourism
regional airports, giving an essential tool in order to support decisions at the level of
strategic planning, providing essential results about the impact of tourist airports
developing a new airport and estimating the economic development.
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Hope, Daniel C. "The Economic Impact of Federal Land on Country Governments in Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3908.
Full textAbstract:
County governments cannot assess property taxes on federal land, yet local governments are required to provide similar services as they do on all other areas of the county. Federal government payment programs have been implemented to compensate county governments for the expenditures incurred due to federal land.
In the mid-1960s, the Public Land Law Review Commission implemented and completed a study which analyzed whether selected individual states and counties were being compensated for the expenditures incurred on federal land. It also estimated tax revenues local governments would receive if federally owned acreage was privately owned. The study then compared these potential revenues with existing revenues from government payment programs.
The purpose of this study was to identify net revenues from county government expenditures and revenues due to federally owned land for the years 1975 through 1990. Comparisons were also made between estimated tax revenues, if federal land acreage was privately owned, and federal land-related government payment programs. Two Utah counties, Box Elder and Kane, were selected for this study. County government audit reports and other county records, along with information and data obtained from county and federal government personnel, were obtained and analyzed. Comparisons were made between these findings and the Public Land Law Review Commission mid-1960s results and conclusions. The results are opposite between the two counties and from the Public Land Law Review Commission Study.
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Blair, Peter. "The impact of non-domestic rates upon business in England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306347.
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Baker, Paul B., and Ruben Marchosky. "Arizona Termites of Economic Importance." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146733.
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Leukert, Andreas. "The Impact of Institutions on Economic Performance." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-48727.
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Ossono, NII Edith Gloria. "Impact of economic freedom on CEMAC countries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019713.
Full textAbstract:
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of economic freedom on economic growth and investments in the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). The region was created in 1994 by the six states of Cameroon, Chad, the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. CEMAC countries comprise low and middle-income countries that share the same currency - the CFA Franc. The CEMAC countries were observed between 1995 and 2008 and panel regression methodologies were employed. A positive impact of economic freedom on economic growth was established using fixed effects method and the generalised method of moments. The impact of a unit increase in the economic freedom index on GDP per capita ranged between 72.65 and 124.51 units (dollars) increase on GDP per capita, ceteris paribus. Economic freedom was also found to Granger-cause economic growth. The results underline a significantly positive relationship between economic freedom and economic growth which is consistent with existing literature. The impact of economic freedom on domestic investment and foreign directs investment was then examined. With regard to domestic investment, economic freedom was found to be statistically significant and positive in all specifications of the model, thereby implying that a unit increase in the economic freedom index increases domestic investment by values of between 0.50 and 0.69 dollars in the CEMAC. The results obtained were consistent with most findings on the relationship between economic freedom and investments. With regard to the relationship between economic freedom and foreign direct investment inflows, economic freedom was unexpectedly statistically insignificant in most specifications of the model. The latter implies that economic freedom does not have a significant impact on foreign direct investment in the CEMAC. However, the study revealed that economic freedom Granger-causes foreign direct investment but foreign direct investment does not Granger-cause economic freedom. This means that economic freedom precedes foreign direct investments, and foreign direct investments do not precede economic freedom. The study strongly recommends an improvement of institutions in the CEMAC in order to enjoy greater levels of economic freedom and therefore foster economic growth and domestic investment in the region.
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Williams, Linda. "Economic impact of the Mactaquac Provincial Park." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23844.pdf.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Olha Danylo, Steffen Fritz, Ian McCallum, Michael Obersteiner, Linda See, and Brian Walsh. "Economic Development and Forest Cover: Evidence from Satellite Data." SpringerNature, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40678.
Full textAbstract:
Ongoing deforestation is a pressing, global environmental issue with direct impacts on climate
change, carbon emissions, and biodiversity. There is an intuitive link between economic development
and overexploitation of natural resources including forests, but this relationship has proven difficult
to establish empirically due to both inadequate data and convoluting geo-climactic factors. In this
analysis, we use satellite data on forest cover along national borders in order to study the determinants
of deforestation differences across countries. Controlling for trans-border geo-climactic differences, we
find that income per capita is the most robust determinant of differences in cross-border forest cover.
We show that the marginal effect of per capita income growth on forest cover is strongest at the earliest
stages of economic development, and weakens in more advanced economies, presenting some of
the strongest evidence to date for the existence of at least half of an environmental Kuznets curve for
deforestation.
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Kanthonga, Saston Arthur. "Can culture influence economic growth? : an examination of the impact of cultural factors on economic growth in developing economies." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/25461/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis has investigated if cultural factors influence economic growth differences among countries. It was motivated by the intriguing question as to whether the gap between developed and developing countries is widening. Technically speaking, some countries which were regarded as underdeveloped three or four decades ago are now regarded as developed as articulated in the introduction to chapter 1. On the other hand, Sub-Saharan African region has failed to register convincing economic development (Seguino and Were, 2014, p. 1). The mixed methods design used in this thesis engaged distinct frameworks of both quantitative and qualitative paradigms to answer the research questions within this thesis. Implementing mixed research design in this thesis enables the investigation of how each variable in the study, environments, and institutions interact with each other in different contexts to produce measured effects. For instance, the study examined two sub-samples of developed and developing countries, 6 countries in each sub-sample. Further, the study also examined 18 representative Sub-Saharan countries to answer the research question. Lastly, a multi-case study of Malawi and Botswana was undertaken. The first two contexts of study used secondary data analysis. The multi-case study was used to drill down deeper than secondary data analysis allowed. This thesis focussed on the interaction between culture and economic growth. The literature review indicated that the impact of culture on growth is not particularly well articulated at present, and therefore this thesis seeks to make a contribution to this aspect of theory and practice. In addition, to the extent that culture has a significant impact on growth potential and its realisation, culture is not homogenous in Sub-Saharan Africa. This will have potentially significant impact upon different countries, and should be taken into consideration by governments and development agencies seeking to promote economic growth and sustainable development across the African continent.
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NEGRO, MIGUEL L. M. "Impactos da introducao da tecnologia de celulas a combustivel na matriz energetica brasileira visando a geracao de energia eletrica distribuida." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11207.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09835.pdf: 8473588 bytes, checksum: 4482055e72316557d7c56784328b4f09 (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Mutinda, Stanley. "Evaluating the impact of market structure in mobile telecommunications markets: panel data analysis for emerging economies." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23766.
Full textAbstract:
The mobile telecommunications industry continues to be at the epicentre for growth, innovation, and disruption for virtually all other industries. It is one of the keys to sustainable economic development especially in developing and emerging economies. Over the past two decades, the industry has been very dynamic, experiencing high growth rates. This paper uses econometric models to investigate the impact of market structure on market outcomes such as mobile prices and investment in emerging economies. This is done using quarterly panel data on fifteen emerging economies across four continents for the period between 2006 and 2015. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) and the number of operators are used to proxy market structure and effective price per minute paid by consumers and capital expenditure per subscriber are used to proxy mobile prices and investment respectively. Empirical results indicate that increase in market concentration increases market prices. Results also indicate an inverted-U relationship between market concentration and investment. These results indicate that there is a trade-off between static and dynamic efficiency which means that competition in mobile telecommunications reduces both market prices and investments.
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Holden-Traynor, Leslie. "The Economic Impact of Recurrent Coagulopathy in Crotaline Envenomations." The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624312.
Full textAbstract:
Class of 2008 AbstractObjectives: To determine the ecomomic impact of recurrent coagulopathy with crotaline envenomation, using the current standard of care (crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom), and establish a model of pharmacoeconmic assessment for future studies. Methods: Design of recurrent coagulopathy cost assessment tool including payor costs and patient costs. Using medical and medical billing references, government websites, business websites, and published studies, determine average costs for major variables affecting the cost of recurrent coagulopathy to the payor and the patient. Results: A prospective study has been designed to take place during the historic height of Arizona snake bite season in 2008. Conclusions: Based on previous studies of recurrent coagulopathy an estimated 45-53% of crotaline envenomation patients can expect to experience recurrent coagulopathy after treatment with crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom. The economic impact to the payor is expected to be high with laboratory costs of $49.45 each, doctor visits costing $66.02, emergency room visits costing $351, and $3563.75 per vial of crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom. Historically the cost of recurrent coagulopathy to the patient has not been evaluated. Considering lost wages, transportation to and from medical care, and the cost of additional household help and child care, this cost is expected to be great enough to adversely impact individuals and families.
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Tveit, Thomas. "Essays on the Economics of Natural Disasters." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0950/document.
Full textAbstract:
Natural disasters have always been and probably always will be a problem for humans and their settlements. With global warming seemingly increasing the frequency and strength of the climate related disasters, and more and more people being settled in urban centers, the ability to model and predict damage is more important than ever.The aim of this thesis has been to model and analyze a broad range of disaster types and the kind of impact that they have. By modeling damage indices for disaster types as different as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, the thesis helps with understanding both similarities and differences between how disasters work and what impact they have on societies experiencing them. The thesis comprises four different chapters in addition to this introduction, where all of them include modeling of one or more types of natural disasters and their impact on real world scenarios such as local budgets, birth rates and economic growth.Chapter 2 is titled “Natural Disaster Damage Indices Based on Remotely Sensed Data: An Application to Indonesia". The objective was to construct damage indices through remotely sensed and freely available data. In short, the methodology exploits that one can use nightlight data as a proxy for economic activity. Then the nightlights data is matched with remote sensing data typically used for natural hazard modeling. The data is then used to construct damage indices at the district level for Indonesia, for different disaster events such as floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the 2004 Christmas Tsunami. The chapter is forthcoming as a World Bank Policy Research Paper under Skoufias et al. (2017a).Chapter 3 utilizes the indices from Chapter 2 to showcase a potential area of use for them. The title is “The Reallocation of District-Level Spending and Natural Disasters: Evidence from Indonesia" and the focus is on Indonesian district-level budgets. The aim was to use the modeled intensity from Chapter 2 to a real world scenario that could affect policy makers. The results show that there is evidence that some disaster types cause districts to move costs away from more general line items to areas such as health and infrastructure, which are likely to experience added pressure due to disasters. Furthermore, volcanic eruptions and the tsunami led to less investment into more durable assets both for the year of the disaster and the following year. This chapter is also forthcoming as a World Bank Policy Research Paper under Skoufias et al. (2017b).The fourth chapter, titled “Urban Global Impact of Earthquakes from 2004 through 2013", is a short chapter focusing on earthquake damage and economic growth. This chapter is an expansion of the index used in the previous two chapters, where we use global data instead of focusing on a single country. Using a comprehensive remotely sensed dataset of contour mapsof global earthquakes from 2004 through 2013 and utilizing global nightlights as an economic proxy we model economic impact in the year of the quakes and the year after. Overall, it is shown that earthquakes negatively impact local urban light emissions by 0.7 percent.Chapter 5 is named “A Whirlwind Romance: The Effect of Hurricanes on Fertility in Early 20th Century Jamaica" and deviates from the prior chapters in that it is a historical chapter that looks at birth rates in the early 1900s. The goal was to use the complete and long-term birth database for Jamaica and match this with hurricane data to check fertility rates. We create a hurricane destruction index derived from a wind speed model that we combine with data on more than 1 million births across different parishes in Jamaica. Analyzing the birth rate following damaging hurricanes, we find that there is a strong and significant negative effect of hurricane destruction on the number of birthsNatural disasters have always been and probably always will be a problem for humans and their settlements. With global warming seemingly increasing the frequency and strength of the climate related disasters, and more and more people being settled in urban centers, the ability to model and predict damage is more important than ever.The aim of this thesis has been to model and analyze a broad range of disaster types and the kind of impact that they have. By modeling damage indices for disaster types as different as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, the thesis helps with understanding both similarities and differences between how disasters work and what impact they have on societies experiencing them. The thesis comprises four different chapters in addition to this introduction, where all of them include modeling of one or more types of natural disasters and their impact on real world scenarios such as local budgets, birth rates and economic growth.Chapter 2 is titled “Natural Disaster Damage Indices Based on Remotely Sensed Data: An Application to Indonesia". The objective was to construct damage indices through remotely sensed and freely available data. In short, the methodology exploits that one can use nightlight data as a proxy for economic activity. Then the nightlights data is matched with remote sensing data typically used for natural hazard modeling. The data is then used to construct damage indices at the district level for Indonesia, for different disaster events such as floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the 2004 Christmas Tsunami. The chapter is forthcoming as a World Bank Policy Research Paper under Skoufias et al. (2017a).Chapter 3 utilizes the indices from Chapter 2 to showcase a potential area of use for them. The title is “The Reallocation of District-Level Spending and Natural Disasters: Evidence from Indonesia" and the focus is on Indonesian district-level budgets. The aim was to use the modeled intensity from Chapter 2 to a real world scenario that could affect policy makers. The results show that there is evidence that some disaster types cause districts to move costs away from more general line items to areas such as health and infrastructure, which are likely to experience added pressure due to disasters. Furthermore, volcanic eruptions and the tsunami led to less investment into more durable assets both for the year of the disaster and the following year. This chapter is also forthcoming as a World Bank Policy Research Paper under Skoufias et al. (2017b).The fourth chapter, titled “Urban Global Impact of Earthquakes from 2004 through 2013", is a short chapter focusing on earthquake damage and economic growth. This chapter is an expansion of the index used in the previous two chapters, where we use global data instead of focusing on a single country. Using a comprehensive remotely sensed dataset of contour mapsof global earthquakes from 2004 through 2013 and utilizing global nightlights as an economic proxy we model economic impact in the year of the quakes and the year after. Overall, it is shown that earthquakes negatively impact local urban light emissions by 0.7 percent.Chapter 5 is named “A Whirlwind Romance: The Effect of Hurricanes on Fertility in Early 20th Century Jamaica" and deviates from the prior chapters in that it is a historical chapter that looks at birth rates in the early 1900s. The goal was to use the complete and long-term birth database for Jamaica and match this with hurricane data to check fertility rates. We create a hurricane destruction index derived from a wind speed model that we combine with data on more than 1 million births across different parishes in Jamaica. Analyzing the birth rate following damaging hurricanes, we find that there is a strong and significant negative effect of hurricane destruction on the number of births
35
Kanyenze, Godfrey. "The impact of economic stabilisation on the wage structure in Zimbabwe : 1980-90." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358394.
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Kacirek, Ryan. "Soccer stadiums as tools of economic development." Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19055.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Regional and Community PlanningLandscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Katherine Nesse
Few things dominate American culture like sport. Sports function as a universal language, as something that people identify with. The provision of stadiums in the United States represents some of the largest public investments found on a municipal level. Over the past 10 years soccer has become one of the most popular sports in the U.S. Consequently, the provision of soccer stadiums is becoming an important economic issue. The lack of research regarding the economic impact of soccer stadiums and the techniques in which city planners can address the economic performance of soccer stadiums will be addressed in this study. The study employs a multiple regression analysis to understand the relationship between economically successful sports stadium characteristics and the economic impact of soccer stadiums. The multiple regression analysis considers each of the 16 Major League Soccer stadiums in the U.S. and discovers the relationship between the economic impacts of each stadium and the presence of successful sports stadium characteristics at those stadiums. The regression analysis resulted in a conditional estimate of the impact of successful sports stadium characteristics on the economic impact of soccer stadiums. No significance can be drawn between the economic impact of soccer stadiums and successful sports stadium characteristics. Although successful sports stadium characteristics have little impact on economic performance, planners should still encourage the use of successful characteristics in stadiums. Planners have the skill set to plan for stadiums that benefit the public economically, socially, psychologically, and environmentally. Planners must continue to find ways to ensure that soccer stadiums have a positive impact on the cities that build them.
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Castaneda, Jenna, Jessica Howe, and Burt Tamashiro. "The Economic Impact of Recurrent Coagulopathy in Crotaline Envenomation." The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623975.
Full textAbstract:
Class of 2009 AbstractOBJECTIVES: The study’s purpose was determining the economic impact of recurrent coagulopathy with crotaline envenomation using the current standard of care, crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom (CroFab), and to establish a model of pharmacoeconomic assessment for future studies. METHODS: A recurrent coagulopathy cost assessment tool was designed that included payer and patient costs. This system used medical and billing references, government and business websites, published studies, and average costs for major variables affecting costs of recurrent coagulopathy to the payer and patient. RESULTS: Of the 42 subjects screened during the study period, 13 were eligible, and 5 chose to participate. On average, lab results were the most significant cost to payers ($247.25). No subject required additional vials of CroFab as a result of recurrent coagulopathy and therefore this was the least costly parameter. There were no correlation between lab costs, doctor visits, or ER visits. Lost wages were the highest cost to patients, with an average of $880.85. Household help and child care were the least costly parameters in this study group. The loss to follow-up was a substantial barrier to obtaining the projected number of study subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A major limitation of this study is the small sample size. Therefore, only generalizations can be made by analyzing the data in regards to the true costs of recurrent coagulopathy to patients and payers. Future pharmacoeconomic studies regarding average costs related to crotaline envenomation should consider experimental mortality a significant barrier to obtaining significant results.
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Khalid, Abd Ghani. "Hedonic price estimation of the financial impact of obsolescence on commercial property buildings." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333879.
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Oberholzer, Susan. "The socio-economic impact of the Tsitsikamma National Park / S. Oberholzer." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4284.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this study was to determine the socio-economic impact of the
Tsitsikamma National Park. Secondly, to determine the relationship between the
community's level of interest in the Tsitsikamma National Park (TNP) and their perceptions
concerning the environmental, economic and social impacts of the TNP.
By conducting a literature study, the first objective was achieved. The following tourism
impacts were identified: environmental, economic and social. These impacts, both positive
and negative, were measured by means of a questionnaire. The goal of the questionnaire
was to measure the communities' perceptions concerning the Tsitsikamma National Park
and its impact on the local economy. Based on this, the aspects that needed clarity were the
economic (monetary) value of the TNP in terms of tourists and park management spending
as well as the size of the multiplier effect. Furthermore, the residents' perceptions regarding
the TNP were identified as well as the benefits received from the TNP.
Three surveys were conducted to achieve the goal of this study: a community survey
(among the local residents of Nature's Valley and Storms River Village) to measure the
tourism impacts; a business survey (including penrnanent local businesses in and around the
TNP), and a visitor survey (tourists visiting the TNP) to measure the economic impacts as a
result of the TNP. A total of 299 questionnaires were completed of which 132 represented
the community survey, 11 the business survey and 156 the visitors' survey.
Firstly, partial multipliers were derived through a process of iteration to determine the
economic impact of the Tsitsikamma National Park. The total impact of the Tsitsikamma
National Park on the local economy resulted in total spending being R45 359 784, an output
effect of R50 002793, and finally an income effect of R21 723 510. Therefore, it was found
that the TNP has a positive economic impact.
Secondly, effect sizes were calculated, which involved the difference in means to determine
the relationships between tourism impacts and product interest from the communities'
perspectives. It was found that residents who visit the TNP more often have a more positive attitude towards the Tt\IP, which is important for the sustainability of the TNP as well as
building positive relationships with the community. The positive impacts due to TNP that
were found can be divided into three categories. Firstly, environmental impacts included
improving the appearance of the area, conservation of natural resources, sustainability of the
natural environment, increased awareness of nature, improvement of knowledge and
preservation of water areas for recreation purposes. Secondly, positive economic impacts
included an increase in employment opportunities, more investors focused on development
in the surrounding areas, business development and tourism is promoted and money spent
by tourists stimulates the economy. Lastly the positive social impacts that were identified
included opportunities to relax and the park provides opportunities for people to have fun with their families and friends.Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Murphy, Kimberly A. "The impact of regional economic conditions on recruiting." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA361449.
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Guo, Songhong. "Measuring the Economic Impact of Tourism in China." Graduate School of International Development. Nagoya University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6306.
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Subedi, G. P. "Land administration and its impact on economic development." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/65923/.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between land administration and economic development. More specifically, it assesses the role of land tenure security in productivity and that of land administration services in revenue generation. The empirical part of the study was undertaken in Nepal, Bangladesh and Thailand. A mixed method approach was employed for data collection, analysis and interpretation. The information was gathered using questionnaires, interviews, observations, informal discussions and documentation analysis. This study demonstrates that land administration plays a crucial role in providing security of land tenure. It also evidences that the use value, collateral value and exchange value of land is increased after registration which has benefitted the occupation, investment and finance sectors of the case study economies. Specifically, it was found that land use activity became more productive. With regard to financial services, banks more readily accepted land as loan security for debt finance and did so at an interest rate that was lower than that offered by private lenders. Land-related investment and income also increased and these effects are found to be positively correlated with tenure security. However, access to credit is not enough to increase investment unless it is communicated properly. This study demonstrates that quality of land administration services affects on tenure security and revenue generation. Poor land administration, improper land valuation and inefficient and unscrupulous employees threaten tenure security and reduce the amount of revenue that can be generated from land. The establishment of land administration systems and security of land tenure is beneficial for the government as it supports economic development by increasing production and generating revenue to some extent. It may also enhance efficient use of scarce resources, increase household income and play an important role in maintaining distributive justice and reducing poverty. The findings of this study indicate a need for further research on the contribution of land administration in the real estate sector as well as changes to the livelihoods of civilians.
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Rutkauskienė, Ugnė. "Public libraries‘ social and economic impact on users." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091228_152902-38031.
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The object of the dissertation is the impact of public libraries on users. The research is aiming at answering the question what is the impact of library public access computing on users and how can we evaluate it. The objectives of the dissertation are solved in three parts. The first part discusses definitions of impact, theoretical models and frameworks of its assessment and reviews the literature on impact evaluation in librarianship, highlighting the similarities and differences of general impact assessment concept and its adoption in librarianship. The second part presents the methodology of empirical study including target groups, methods, sampling, data collection and analyses. The third part describes study results which are summarized in the conclusions. The annexes provide additional information on research methodology as well as the extended results and research instruments.Disertacijos objektas yra viešųjų bibliotekų poveikis vartotojams. Moksliniu tyrimu yra sprendžiamas klausimas kokį poveikį vieša interneto prieiga per viešąsias bibliotekas daro vartotojams ir bendruomenėms ir kaip jis galėtų būti įvertinamas. Iškeltą problemą sprendžiantys uždaviniai įgyvendinami trijose disertacijos dalyse. Pirmojoje dalyje atskleidžiama poveikio samprata ir pristatomi jo vertinimo teoriniai modeliai bei apžvelgiami užsienio autorių bibliotekininkystės srityje atlikti poveikio vertinimo tyrimai, išryškinami panašumai ir skirtumai tarp bendrosios poveikio vertinimo teorijos ir jos taikymo bibliotekų poveikio vertinimui. Antrojoje dalyje pateikiama empirinio tyrimo metodologija: išsamiai pristatoma tyrimo metodika, pagrindžiamas metodų pasirinkimas, aptariamas tyrimo dizainas ir vykdymas bei išdavos. Trečiojoje dalyje pristatomi tyrimo rezultatai, kurie apibendrinami išvadose. Prieduose pateikiamas išplėstinis tyrimo metodikos taikymo aprašymas, pateikiami papildomi empirinio tyrimo duomenys ir jų rinkimo instrumentai.
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Óladóttir, Oddný. "The economic impact of international tourism in Iceland /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56954.
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This thesis represents a systematic attempt to analyse the economic impact of international tourism in Iceland. While tourism has long been seen as an important source of foreign exchange and employment for the country very little detailed information is available on the role that the industry plays in the national economy.To fill this 'information gap' two questionnaires were used to gather data on tourist expenditure characteristics and the cost and revenue structures of various tourism businesses. This data was then analysed using a simplified multiplier model. A series of findings are presented, including: the economic impacts associated with various 'tourist types': the ability of different tourism businesses and sectors to generate local income and employment, and; the links that exist between the industry and the rest of the economy. Each of these data bases is then used to provide an overview of future policy options facing the Icelandic government.
The research reveals that international tourism plays a major role in the Icelandic economy and is potentially an important tool for regional development. The data provides an important foundation upon which future tourism development strategics and research can be based.
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manderson, Edward. "Essays on the economic impact of environmental regulations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537631.
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Sharpe, James. "Three Essays on the Economic Impact of Immigration." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/20.
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With the significant rise in immigration to the U.S. over the last few decades, fully understanding the economic impact of immigration is paramount for policy makers. As such, this dissertation consists of three empirical essays contributing to the literature on the impact of immigration. In my first essay, I re-examine the impact of immigration on housing rents and completely controlling for endogenous location choices of immigrants. I model rents as a function of both contemporaneous and initial economic and housing market conditions. I show that existing estimates of the impact of immigration on rents are biased and the source of the bias is the instrumental variable strategy common in much of the immigration literature. In my second essay, I present a new approach to estimating the effect of immigration on native wages. Noting the imperfect substitutability of immigrants and natives within education groups, I posit an empirical framework where labor markets are stratified by occupations. Using occupation-specific skill to define homogeneous skill groups, I estimate the partial equilibrium (within skill group) effect of immigration. The results suggest that when one defines labor market cohorts that directly compete in the labor market, the effect of immigration on native wages is roughly twice as large as previous estimates in the literature. In my third essay, I return to the housing market and examine the effects of immigration within metropolitan areas. Specifically, I investigate the relationship between immigrant inflows, native outflows, and rents. Taking advantage of the unique settlement patterns of immigrants, I show that the effect of immigration on rents is lower in both high-immigrant neighborhoods and portions of the rent distribution where immigrants cluster. Contrary to the existing belief in the literature, the results suggest that the preferences of natives, not immigrants, bid up rents in response to an immigrant inflow.
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Barnes, Ronnie. "Essays on the economic impact of financial reporting." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393730.
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This dissertation consists of three essays which examine the real economic impact of the financial reporting environment. In Earnings Volatility and Market Valuation: An Empirical Investigation, I use data on a large cross-section of US firms from 1973 to 1998 to address the issue of whether there is a systematic link between the market value (as proxied by Tobin's q) of a company and the volatility of its quarterly earnings stream. Using a multivariate regression framework, and controlling for other factors which prior literature has shown to be related to q, I find a strong, negative relationship between market value and earnings volatility. The relationship remains after controlling for cash now volatility indicating that (as asserted by corporate management) "accounting-induced" earnings volatility has an adverse impact on market value. In Accounting for Derivatives and Corporate Risk Management, I consider the question of how non-financial corporations should report the results of their use of financial derivatives. Using SFAS 133 as a framework, I introduce three possible accounting regimes and characterize the information provided under each of the three alternatives. I then present a simple economic model with which to analyze the effect on corporate risk management policies of the different regimes and find that hedging distortions may occur depending on the regime imposed by the regulatory authorities. Finally, I discuss the policy implications of this result. In The Economic Consequences of Purchase and Pooling Accounting (co-authored with Henri Servaes),w e investigate the market reaction to various announcements by the FASB and SEC regarding the potential abolition of pooling accounting, the preferred method of corporates for accounting for business combinations. Our results indicate a negative reaction to announcements which increase the probability of such an abolition and are consistent with the hypothesis that investors are to some extent fixated on reported earnings.
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Gavilan, Sjöström Oliver. "Entrepreneurial Ventures : And their impact on economic development." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36594.
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The impact that the small business sector has on the economy is well known and has been extensively studied. In 2008, 46% of the Swedish workforce in the private sector were employed by small businesses, the small businesses where also accountable for 42% of GDP, these are just some arguments in behalf of the impact that they have on the Swedish economy. Reviewing theories of entrepreneurship this paper asks if maybe a disproportionate part of the impact dealt by the small business sector comes from the entrepreneurial ventures that operate within that same sector. Because small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures in the small business sector find themselves in an overlap they are often confused with each other. Many studies fail to differentiate between these to organizational structures and therefore the impact on the economy dealt by entrepreneurial ventures is joined with the impact that is dealt by small businesses. With a qualitative approach, the use of two case studies and discussing theories developed by scholars in the field, this paper identifies an entrepreneurial venture that operates within the small business sector and compares it to an ordinary non-entrepreneurial small business that operates within that same sector. With the use of further theories it also identifies which of the two organisations that has the greatest impact on economic development. The results lead to the conclusion that a differentiation between entrepreneurial ventures and ordinary small businesses needs do be done so that political efforts, academic research and literature in the field can be reallocated towards entrepreneurial ventures and the field of entrepreneurship as a whole. The paper also gives suggestions for further research with the use of a quantitative approach and greater sample size so that results can be generalized.
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Scullin, C. "Impact of economic evaluation in the hospital setting." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269174.
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Chinje, Nathalie Beatrice. "The economic impact of MTN's involvement in Cameroon." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/803.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The motive for this research was to provide clarity on the increasingly divergent opinions on the role and behaviour of South African companies in the rest of the African continent. The key question that can be asked is: “Are South African investments, saviour or villain of African Development” (Thomas, 2007)? Are they “exporting Apartheid” (Mkhabela, 2007) or are the fears raised against South African companies unfounded? The primary research objective of this study is to assess MTN-C’s contribution to the economic development of Cameroon. The specific research questions addressed in this study are: 1. What are the possible areas of economic impact? 2. How can the effects of MTN-C’s presence in Cameroon be measured—both qualitatively and quantitatively? 3. What recommendations can be made to MTN-C? To answer these questions, the researcher takes a multi-dimensional view of the economic impact across eight areas, viz., inflow of foreign direct capital, interaction with government, training and development of local staff, employment creation, local procurement, spread of local shareholding, the local mobile communications sector and corporate social investment initiatives. She assesses each of the above-mentioned eight elements and then draws some conclusions on what is perceived to be the true effect of MTN-C’s investments in Cameroon. After close to three years of in-depth research, which included several trips to Cameroon, in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, direct observation, group discussions and survey research, it can be concluded that MTN-C has indeed had a positive impact in areas like Corporate Social Investment, training and development of local staff, employment creation and the inflow of foreign capital. However, much still needs to be done. The areas that have been identified as weak include the development of local suppliers, the interaction with government and the spread of local shareholding.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is gemotiveer deur die soeke na groter helderheid met betrekking tot uiteenlopende beoordelings van die rol en optrede van Suid-Afrikaanse ondernemings in die res van die Afrika-kontinent. Die kernvraag is: “Are South African investments saviour or villains of African development?” (Thomas, 2007) Is hulle besig om apartheid “uit te voer” (Mkhabela, 2007) of is dié vrese teenoor Suid-Afrikaanse ondernemings ongegrond? Die primêre navorsingsoogmerk is die beoordeling van MTN Cameroon se bydrae tot die ekonomiese ontwikkeling in Kameroen. Spesifiek drie vrae word aangespreek. 1. Watter dimensies word ingesluit in ‘n studie van die “ekonomiese impak”? 2. Hoe kan die invloed van MTN Cameroon se teenwoordigheid in dié land gemeet word – sowel kwalitatief asook kwantitatief? 3. Watter aanbevelings kan op grond van dié beoordelings aan die maatskappy gemaak word? Om hierdie vrae te beantwoord word ‘n multi-dimensionele benadering gevolg, gebaseer op agt verskillende invloed-gebiede. Hulle sluit in die invloei van buitelandse kaptiaal, interaksie met die regering, opleiding en ontwikkeling van plaaslike werknemers, werkskepping, plaaslike aankope, die verspreiding van plaaslike aandeelhouding, die mobiele kommunikasiebedryf en sosiale investerings-inisiatiewe. Elkeen van dié elemente word ontleed op grond van vraelys-reaksies en ander insigte. Dit lei tot gevolgtrekkings op elkeen van die vlakke, wat tesame die volle omvang van die betrokkenheid weerspieël. Na drie jaar se interaksie van die navorser met Kameroen, diepte-onderhoude met vername rolspelers, direkte waarnemings, groepbesprekings en 40 voltooide vraelyste kom sy tot die gevolgtrekking dat MTN Cameroon wel ‘n positiewe rol speel in gebiede soos korporatiewe sosiale investerings, opleiding, werkskepping en die invloei van kapitaal, maar dat daar nog heelwat ruimte vir verbeterings is, veral wat plaaslike aankope, interaksie met die regering en plaaslike aandeelhouding betref.