Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic Management Sciences

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Economic Management Sciences'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic Management Sciences"

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Pienaar, Jaco. "Ethics in economic and management sciences: a researcher’s resource." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 13, no. 2 (December 3, 2010): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v13i2.44.

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In an international research climate of increasingly demanding ethical review, based on a biomedical model, reflection on best practices in social, behavioural and economic science research is necessary. It is widely believed that these sciences cannot be held to the same practical requirements as those for biomedical research, although the principles of ethical research are surely universal. This article considers the ethical requirements, principles and guidelines directing research in the social, behavioural and economic sciences, recognised in the national and international arena. By means of a systematic review of available best practices, it is anticipated that general guidelines for social, behavioural and economic science research could be developed and offered to researchers in these fields. Specific consideration is given to the unique characteristics of social, behavioural and economic science research.
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Толкачев, S. Tolkachev, Тепляков, and A. Teplyakov. "Institutional management of Сomplex economic systems." Administration 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2014): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5630.

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Methodological aspects of interrelation between economic science mainstream fundamentals and modern complex systems management issues are considered in this paper. It has been shown that mainstream’s ontology had been adopted in the early of the twentieth century from those natural sciences branches which studied noncomplex systems. Non-ergodic nature of modern economic world is proved. The features of the modern complex systems management are disclosed. Need of transition to institutional management of complex systems is justified.
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Коротков and Eduard Korotkov. "The Concept of Scientific Bases of Management." Administration 4, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20818.

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The development of science and education is accompanied by the emergence of the need to incorporate the new knowledge that arises naturally in the theory and practice of economics. In higher education this is manifested by the inclusion of new disciplines in the educational program, the creation of new departments, ensuring the teaching of these disciplines. We need a convincing rationale for the selection of a new discipline, development of its content that reflects practical needs for new knowledge and their scientific significance, scientific basis. The chair of scientific basis of production management, which was formed at the initiative of the rector of the Moscow engineering and economic Institute, doctor of economic Sciences, Professor Kozlova Olympiada V., in the sixties, had to solve these problems. This amounted to a great and difficult work of formation of the concept of management as a new scientific direction in the prevailing complex social and economic sciences, reflecting both the needs of production development and trends in the development of scientific thought.
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Bektas, Prof Dr Cetin. "Message from Editor." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i2.3604.

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Dear Readers, It is the great honor for us to publish seventh volume, second issue of Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues. Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues is an international, multi- disciplinary, peer-refereed journal which aims to provide a global platform for professionals working in the field of business, economics, management, accounting, marketing, banking and finance and scholars and researchers to share their theoretical, empirical and practical knowledge on current issues in the area of business, economics and management. The scope of Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues includes; but is not limited to current issues on; Accounting, Advertising Management, Business and Economics, Business Ethics, Business Intelligence, Business Information Systems, Business Law, International Finance, Labor Economics, Labor Relations & Human Resource Management, Law and Economics, Management Information Systems, Business Law, Business Performance Management, Business Statistics, Communications Management, Comparative Economic Systems, Consumer Behavior, Corporate Finance and Governance, Corporate Governance, Cost Management, Management Science, Market Structure and Pricing, Marketing Research and Strategy, Marketing Theory and Applications, Operations Research, Organizational Behavior & Theory, Organizational Communication, Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles, Product Management, Decision Sciences, Development Planning and Policy, Economic Development, Economic Methodology, Economic Policy and so on.
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Bektas, Prof Dr Cetin. "Message from Editor." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, no. 3 (November 27, 2018): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i3.3861.

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Dear Readers, It is the great honour for us to publish eighth volume, third issue of Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues. Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues is an international, multi- disciplinary, peer-refereed journal which aims to provide a global platform for professionals working in the field of business, economics, management, accounting, marketing, banking and finance and scholars and researchers to share their theoretical, empirical and practical knowledge on current issues in the area of business, economics and management. The scope of Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues includes; but is not limited to current issues on; Accounting, Advertising Management, Business and Economics, Business Ethics, Business Intelligence, Business Information Systems, Business Law, International Finance, Labor Economics, Labor Relations & Human Resource Management, Law and Economics, Management Information Systems, Business Law, Business Performance Management, Business Statistics, Communications Management, Comparative Economic Systems, Consumer Behavior, Corporate Finance and Governance, Corporate Governance, Cost Management, Management Science, Market Structure and Pricing, Marketing Research and Strategy, Marketing Theory and Applications, Operations Research, Organizational Behavior & Theory, Organizational Communication, Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles, Product Management, Decision Sciences, Development Planning and Policy, Economic Development, Economic Methodology, Economic Policy and so on.
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Czapla, Tomasz, and Ewa Walińska. "Accounting from the perspective of management and quality sciences – voice in the discussion." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 45, no. 3 (September 12, 2021): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2343.

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Purpose: The aim of the paper is to identify the relationship between accounting science and management sciences in the light of the formal separation of disciplines in the field of social sciences in Poland, and to indicate the consequences of this separation for the devel-opment of economic sciences, which, regardless of legal regulations, also include accounting. Methodology/approach: The considerations in the article are presented against the views presented in the literature by selected authors and the position of the scientific community on the research interests of the discipline of management and quality sciences. The article uses the method of critical analysis and synthesis of opinions of other authors as well as deductive reasoning. Findings: Accounting, as one integrated system of economic measurement – regardless of legal regulations in the field of science classification – is an integral part of organization management, which means that it should constitute a sub-discipline of management and quality sciences. Research limitations/implications: Qualifying the scientific achievements of accounting researchers in Poland to the disciplines distinguished within the social sciences may have a significant impact on the results of the evaluation of science for 2017-2021. Originality/value: The article proposes solutions for the classification of social science disciplines (including accounting) based on formally combining, not isolating them, which favors the development of an interdisciplinary approach to scientific research
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Jesenko, Berndt, and Christian Schlögl. "The effect of web of science subject categories on clustering: the case of data-driven methods in business and economic sciences." Scientometrics 126, no. 8 (June 23, 2021): 6785–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04060-4.

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AbstractThe primary goal of this article is to identify the research fronts on the application of data-driven methods in business and economics. For this purpose, the research literature of the business and economic sciences Subject Categories from the Web of Science is mapped using BibExcel and VOSviewer. Since the assignment to subject categories is done at the journal level and since a journal is often assigned to several subject categories in Web of Science, two mappings are performed: one without considering multiple assignments (broad view) and one considering only those (articles from) journals that have been assigned exclusively to the business and economic sciences subject categories and no others (narrow view). A further aim of this article is therefore to identify differences in the two mappings. Surprisingly, engineering sciences play a major role in the broad mapping, in addition to the economic sciences. In the narrow mapping, however, only the following clusters with a clear business-management focus emerge: (i) Data-driven methods in management in general and data-driven supply chain management in particular, (ii) Data-driven operations research analyses with different business administration/management focuses, (iii) Data-driven methods and processes in economics and finance, and (iv) Data-driven methods in Information Systems. One limitation of the narrow mapping is that many relevant documents are not covered since the journals in which they appear are assigned to multiple subject categories in WoS. The paper comes to the conclusion that the multiple assignments of subject categories in Web of Science may lead to massive changes in the results. Adjacent subject areas—in this specific case the application of data-driven methods in engineering and more mathematically oriented contributions in economics (econometrics) are considered in the broad mapping (not excluding subject categories from neighbouring disciplines) and are even over-represented compared to the core areas of business and economics. If a mapping should only consider the core aspects of particular research fields, it is shown in this use case that the exclusion of Web of Science-subject categories that do not belong to the core areas due to multiple assignments (narrow view), may be a valuable alternative. Finally, it depends on the reader to decide which mapping is more beneficial to them.
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Фасхутдинова and Milyausha Faskhutdinova. "Management accounting and costs control in the livestock industry." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 8, no. 4 (January 13, 2014): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2431.

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The article concerns the basics of management accounting and costs control in key sectors of the livestock. Management accounting is based on the intersection of science, by using different scientific methods, combining planning, organization and management of production, accounting and operational accounting, management analysis, valuation, a number of other economic sciences. In view of the integration of this new integrated industry knowledge, several of applied economic sciences, there are substantial breakthroughs to new knowledge and technologies. Accounting enables both managerial staff, so external users to have a fair presentation of the course of business, accounting is the link between economic activity and the management of the enterprise. The effectiveness of this communication provides by control. Control regulates economic relations, providing: the compliance of achieved economic operations in accordance with the statutory legal acts and regulations of the economic entity, the accuracy of accounting, accounting and financial reporting; the willingness of economic unit to external audits; the provision of services for the development and implementation of the entity’s accounting policies to develop and implement on-farm regulations; the maintenance of payments with the state, the owners (shareholders) on shares (shares) and partners for the obligations and agreements.
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Lukyanova, Tatyana. "Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department «Personnel Management», State University of Management." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 5, no. 5 (November 28, 2016): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22519.

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Lane, Jan-Erik. "COP21 Management: How to Link up International Governance with National Policy-implementation." Business and Management Studies 2, no. 3 (August 25, 2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v2i3.1836.

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It seems scientifically legitimate to move beyond the natural sciences' perspective upon he COP21 project. Can really social science theory be mustered to manage this global project for such a long time span? Or is it all make belief, decarbonisation writ large a figment of imagination? The natural sciences can deliver predictions about emissions and temperature as well as their interconnections. But only economics and social science have knowledge that is relevant to the implementation of the three goals of decarbonisation, subject to the requirement of economic growth. Neither implementation theory nor the management approach would render COP21 much chance of success. To understand COP21 management, one must analyse the country situations with regard to GDP-GHG(CO2) links as well as the mix of energy sources in each country.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic Management Sciences"

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Siyaya, Mlindeni Celinhlalo, B. B. Ndlovu, and B. T. Gamede. "Factors influencing learner performance in the economic and management sciences in the Ilembe district." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1796.

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Submitted to the faculty of education in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Education in the Department of Social Science Education at the University of Zululand, 2019
This thesis explores “Factors Influencing Learner Performance in the Economic and Management Sciences in the iLembe District”. This study has used a mixed methodology, in Mandeni ward in KwaZulu-Natal. This district has four hundred and forty-two (442) schools. The district is divided into five (5) wards. One of those wards is Mandeni Ward, which has thirty-four (34) schools. The data analysing technique that was used is thematic analysis. The greatly publicised poor matric results in South Africa point to many systemic challenges in the education system. The system of education in South Africa requires teachers who are highly skilled to impart knowledge to learners. The historic curriculum paradigm shifts in the South African education system brought numerous changes. In the process of these curriculum changes, there is no evidence that suggests teachers’ involvement. For example, the introduction of Economic and Management Sciences (EMS) as a learning area brought about challenges to educators as EMS became a combination of three learning areas in one. The challenge of identifying a competent teacher in the three-layered EMS was exacerbated by the introduction of external examinations in grade seven, during the 2014 academic year. This research has attempted to investigate the factors that exist for teachers and heads of department with regards to EMS. In this study, a range of questioning statements that render relevant information about the factors that may influence performance in EMS have been employed. Through the use of interviews, qualitative data were collected from grade seven to nine teachers, as well as heads of department. Another set of data was generated using questionnaires given to the same participants. The final set of data was obtained using document analysis: where mark schedules for grade seven were analysed with the aim of investigating learner performance. This study found that EMS is being taught by unqualified EMS teachers due to the shortage of qualified EMS teachers (Modise, 2014). The absence of qualified teachers negatively impacts on the educational objectives of the EMS learning area. The study also discovered that the lack of exposure to commercial subjects in high school does dampen the confidence and the enthusiasm of the teacher and hamper their eagerness to stand in front of the learners to teach EMS. The insufficient time allocated for EMS and EMS workshops also negatively impacts on the objectives and outcomes for this subject. The lack of parental involvement in EMS related discussions also hampers the educational objectives of the EMS learning space. There are recommendations that suggest that there is a need to urgently revisit the manner in which EMS teachers are trained. The provision of EMS related resources has to be drastically improved if vi the stakeholders desire to witness identifiable and life-changing results. There is dire need to immediately review the EMS curriculum policy.
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America, Carina Georgina. "The relevance, importance and applicability of sustainable development in Economic and Management Sciences (EMS) education." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19923.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the main features of the Economic and Management Sciences (EMS) learning area is that it prepares learners to participate in an economically complex society where social justice and a healthy environment are key concerns. Teachers are faced with an important learning outcome in the EMS curriculum, namely Sustainable Growth and Development, requiring them to equip learners with an understanding of sustainability and to encourage critical reflection on the related processes. This research aims to explore EMS teachers’ underlying conceptual understanding of sustainable development and to establish how these understandings relate to their teaching practices. The meaning of sustainable development has elicited multiple and contested reactions in the literature. Many authors are in agreement that development strategies should be consistent with the planet’s resources and linked to a balance between society, economy and the environment. However, increased production and consumption resulting from neoliberal economic policies and intensified global competition invariably disturb the earth’s ecosystem. On the one hand, increased economic activity has the advantage of resource development (capital, natural and human resources) that promotes economic growth. On the other hand, this growth occurs at the expense of resource exploitation which in turn leads to environmental degradation, the erosion of cultural identities, health risks and, in many instances, unsustainable lifestyles. There is a growing consensus that knowledge and a changed mindset are required for developing an enhanced focus towards a sustainable future. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) provides the knowledge, skills, values and theories for promoting sustainable development. The research was conducted within a constructivist-interpretivist paradigm. A case study design strategy, as part of a qualitative research approach, was selected to best answer the research question. The data collection was done by means of the literature reviewed, in-depth interviews and subject-object interviews (written explanations). This was followed by the systematic categorisation and coding of the data by means of content analysis. The main finding of the study was that EMS teachers had a single focus with regard to sustainable development: their understanding predominantly related to the economic pillar of sustainable development. The interrelatedness of the economy, society and the environment to achieve sustainable development objectives was not subjected to much scrutiny. This research showed that there is a need for ESD to be integrated into the EMS discourse.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Een van die uitstaande kenmerke van die leerarea: Ekonomiese en Bestuurswetenskappe (EBW) is dat dit leerders voorberei vir deelname binne 'n ekonomies komplekse samelewing waar maatskaplike geregtigheid en ‘n gesonde omgewing ‘n kern-uitdaging vorm. Onderwysers word gekonfronteer met 'n belangrike leeruitkoms in die EBW-kurrikulum, naamlik Volhoubare Groei en Ontwikkeling, wat van hulle verwag om leerders toe te rus met 'n begrip van volhoubaarheid en om kritiese refleksie oor verwante prosesse te stimuleer. Hierdie navorsing het ten doel om die onderliggende konseptuele begrip van volhoubare ontwikkeling by EBW-onderwysers te verken en vas te stel hoe hierdie begrip betrekking het op hul onderrig praktyke. Die betekenis van volhoubare ontwikkeling het verskeie en omstrede reaksies in die literatuur ontlok. Baie outeurs stem saam dat die ontwikkeling van strategieë in ooreenstemming moet wees met die planeet se hulpbronne en gekoppel moet word aan 'n balans tussen die samelewing, die ekonomie en die omgewing. Verhoogde produksie en verbruik, as gevolg van die neoliberale ekonomiese beleid, versterk egter wêreldwye mededinging en versteur sodoende die aarde se ekosisteem. Enersyds het toenemende ekonomiese aktiwiteit die voordeel van hulpbronontwikkeling (kapitaal, natuurlike en menslike hulpbronne) wat ekonomiese groei bevorder. Andersyds vind hierdie groei plaas ten koste van hulpbronbenutting, wat weer lei tot die agteruitgang van die omgewing, die aftakeling van kulturele identiteit, gesondheidsrisiko's, en, in baie gevalle, nie-volhoubare lewenstyle. Daar is 'n groeiende konsensus dat kennis en 'n verandering in denkwyse nodig is om ‘n sterker fokus op 'n volhoubare toekoms te verseker. Opvoeding vir Volhoubare Ontwikkeling (OVO) verskaf die kennis, waardes en teorieë vir die vestiging van volhoubare ontwikkeling. Hierdie navorsing is onderneem binne 'n konstruktivisties-interpretivistiese paradigma. Om die beste antwoord op die navorsingsvraag te bied, is ‘n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering gekies en ‘n gevallestudie-ontwerpstrategie gevolg. As deel van die data-insameling is die literatuur voortdurend verken en in-diepte onderhoude is gevoer, gevolg deur geskrewe verduidelikings. Hierna is die sistematiese kategorisering en kodering van die data deur middel van 'n inhoudsanalise gedoen. Die belangrikste bevinding van die studie was dat die EBW-onderwysers 'n enkele fokus gehad het ten opsigte van volhoubare ontwikkeling: hul begrip het hoofsaaklik betrekking gehad op die ekonomiese pilaar van volhoubare ontwikkeling. Daar was deurgaans 'n gebrek aan kritiese refleksie oor die interverwantskap tussen die ekonomie, die samelewing, die omgewing en die wyse waarop die doelwitte van volhoubare ontwikkeling bereik kan word. Hierdie navorsing het getoon dat daar 'n behoefte bestaan om OVO binne die EBWleerarea te integreer.
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Papadakis, Sophia. "Economic evaluation of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention services." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26737.

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Little is known about the relative cost-effectiveness (CE) of different cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program designs and how CE is influenced by a patient's clinical and demographic characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess the 2-year incremental cost-utility of a distributed (12-month, 33-session) CR program to that of a standard (3-month, 33-session) CR program as assessed from the perspective of the cardiac health care system. 306 Patients (mean age = 58.4 years, SD+/-9.7) with CAD were randomized to either standard or distributed CR. Program delivery costs, cardiac health care use, QALYS were tracked over a two-year period. The standard CR intervention was found to be dominant, resulting in both a cost saving and larger gains in QALYs in the 2-years following initiation of CR. Important differences were noted in CE of CR across cardiac risk strata and diagnosis groups, suggesting patients may benefit from triage to available CR models.
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Mashiapata, Makidiidi Blantina. "Self-evaluation of perceived knowledge and skills of economic and management sciences teachers in South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09162008-124639/.

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Schreuder, Glynis Rholeen. "The role of economic and management sciences (EMS) in preparing learners for accounting in grade 10." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1864.

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Thesis (MTech (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009.
The thesis explores the role that the learning area, EMS, plays in preparing learners for Accounting in grade 10. EMS in grade 9 includes accounting related assessment standards upon which the grade 10 Accounting curriculum builds. The grade 10 Accounting curriculum is based on the assumption that learners have mastered the related content in grade 9. The effective implementation of EMS in grade 9 is therefore important for the teaching and learning of Accounting in grade 10. The main objective of the study was to determine to what extent the accounting related assessment standards were taught and to engage with the key factors that impact on the effective delivery of the accounting focus in EMS. A sample of five schools within a specific geographical area in the Western Cape was identified. The study used multiple data collection methods in order to increase the validity of the results, namely, a learner assessment, interviews and document analysis. The planning and assessment documents of EMS teachers as well as the assessment tasks of the EMS learners were analysed to ascertain how teachers planned to teach and assess the learning area, particularly the accounting focus within EMS. The conclusions were drawn against the policy-practice theoretical framework. The study revealed a gap between EMS policy and EMS practice. There was very limited exposure to the accounting related assessment standards in EMS. This could be attributed to a number of factors including teacher qualifications and training, lack of support, policy shortcomings, absent guidelines, etc. There was a disjuncture between what teachers believed and what they were translating into practice. Even though all the teachers enjoyed teaching Accounting and most of them believed in the importance of this discipline in preparing learners for the Further Education and Training Band and their personal lives, they were not teaching it effectively. Recommendations have been made in terms of the learning area policy, professional development and support for teachers and learners. Even though the study was limited to five schools in a particular geographical area, its findings may be applicable to many South African schools where EMS teachers face the same policy, teacher and learner challenges or shortcomings.
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Evans, Mark Ellis 1958. "Agricultural groundwater conservation programs in the Phoenix Active Management Area: An economic assessment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277961.

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The Arizona Groundwater Management Act (GMA) restricts the quantity of groundwater which farmers may use annually. The act also requires that a withdrawal fee be paid for each acre-foot of groundwater used. The impact of these policies on agricultural income and groundwater use in the Phoenix Active Management Area is estimated. A linear programming model is used to simulate the typical farm's response to GMA policy over the period from 1990 to 2025. The impacts of two possible revisions of GMA policy are also considered. One simulation estimates the impacts resulting from the elimination of urban conservation programs. A second scenario considers elimination of agricultural conservation measures. Results indicate that the GMA agricultural conservation program will generate only small changes in income and groundwater use.
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Phakathi, Sabelo Petros. "The challenges of curriculum changes in teaching economic and management sciences in schools in the Umhlathuze circuit." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1795.

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Submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s in Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of Zululand, 2018.
This study sets out to investigate the teaching of Economic and Management Sciences (EMS) as a subject in the context of curriculum change. The main aim of this study is to identify the challenges teachers face in teaching EMS, determine the suitable teaching strategies to be used to teach EMS and explore the effect of curriculum change in teaching EMS in schools at Umhlathuze Circuit. This study is located within the interpretivist-positivist paradigm and falls within mixed method research approaches. The research instruments used were questionnaires administered to EMS teachers, interviews, learner activities and teacher portfolios. The results show that EMS teachers are facing challenges with regards to the integrated teaching of Accounting, Business Studies and Economics. The results of the study reveal that EMS teachers are still teaching more of Business Studies and Economics while sacrificing the Accounting content. The time allocated to teach EMS is not enough which causes teachers to focus on curriculum coverage rather than ensuring that learners master the content taught. The shortage of textbooks and calculators was also identified as a major challenge in many schools. Many EMS teachers are either trained for at least a combination of two disciplines in EMS. Even the Heads of department are not fully equipped in all three disciplines within the EMS. It is recommended that time allocation for EMS be reviewed. There is a need for sufficient resources in schools to ensure effective teaching and learning. EMS teachers should be able to teach all three disciplines within the EMS effectively. There is also a need for teacher training and development. Teachers should use a variety of teaching strategies and should adapt their teaching practice as a result of curriculum change. Accounting within the EMS should be a stand-alone subject.
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Mabusela, Sabelo Petros, and M. S. Mabusela. "The challenges of curriculum changes in teaching economic and management sciences in schools in the Umhlathuze circuit." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1795.

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Submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s in Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of Zululand, 2018.
This study sets out to investigate the teaching of Economic and Management Sciences (EMS) as a subject in the context of curriculum change. The main aim of this study is to identify the challenges teachers face in teaching EMS, determine the suitable teaching strategies to be used to teach EMS and explore the effect of curriculum change in teaching EMS in schools at Umhlathuze Circuit. This study is located within the interpretivist-positivist paradigm and falls within mixed method research approaches. The research instruments used were questionnaires administered to EMS teachers, interviews, learner activities and teacher portfolios. The results show that EMS teachers are facing challenges with regards to the integrated teaching of Accounting, Business Studies and Economics. The results of the study reveal that EMS teachers are still teaching more of Business Studies and Economics while sacrificing the Accounting content. The time allocated to teach EMS is not enough which causes teachers to focus on curriculum coverage rather than ensuring that learners master the content taught. The shortage of textbooks and calculators was also identified as a major challenge in many schools. Many EMS teachers are either trained for at least a combination of two disciplines in EMS. Even the Heads of department are not fully equipped in all three disciplines within the EMS. It is recommended that time allocation for EMS be reviewed. There is a need for sufficient resources in schools to ensure effective teaching and learning. EMS teachers should be able to teach all three disciplines within the EMS effectively. There is also a need for teacher training and development. Teachers should use a variety of teaching strategies and should adapt their teaching practice as a result of curriculum change. Accounting within the EMS should be a stand-alone subject.
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Cox, Vanessa. "Obstacles to Economic Growth and Business Attraction in Georgia." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5175.

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The problem addressed in the study was that Georgia's economic development leadership faced obstacles that challenged the state's growth in attracting new business and developing existing business. The purpose of this case study was to explore the obstacles encountered by a specific agency to attract businesses to generate economic growth. Accessing obstacles that hinder leaders to promote the state of Georgia growth is pertinent, including exploring where the system may be constrained. The theory of constraints guided this study to investigate what obstacles state leaders face in economic development. An embedded case study was conducted using purposeful sampling to select 11 participants for interviews, including managers, directors, and a deputy commissioner from a state agency in Atlanta with significant experience in attracting and maintaining businesses for growth. Inductive coding using Attride-Stirling, Braun and Clark's 6-step approach resulted in 4 themes. Themes that emerged as findings were: low quality education, time delays deterred corporations to locate to Georgia, perception of limited public transportation and affiliated crime, and infrastructure and accessibility dilemmas. The implications for positive social change included needed improvements to education, elimination of traffic barriers, expansion of public transportation, and development of infrastructure to benefit and enhance a better life for Georgia residents.
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Lu, Wei. "Economic determinants of quality of care in nursing homes." Thesis, Wayne State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3626093.

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This dissertation examines the factors that will affect nursing home quality of care using several national data sources on market regulation, county demographic characteristics, market structural and the characteristics of different types of long-term care providers in 2010.

The first study examines how nine different measures of nursing home care quality respond to the greater levels of local market competition from these alternative providers of long-term care, as well as other nursing homes. Findings reveal that faced with greater competition from assisted living facilities, nursing homes are left to care for more disabled, less healthy patients. Although the nursing home's staff-to-bed ratios rise in response, other measures of care quality decline, such as more process- and outcome-based measures. Competition from home health agencies likewise has mixed effects on nursing home care quality, and competition from other nursing homes in a market tends to decrease care quality. These finding suggest that care quality in nursing homes may continue to erode as the market for alternative, community-based long-term care services expands.

The second study examines the Medicare regulation effects on nursing home quality controlling for the whole long-term care market competition structure. In many local markets nursing homes now compete with assisted living facilities for residents, yet most previous studies of the effects of Medicaid nursing home reimbursement policies on care quality have analyzed nursing homes in isolation, ignoring the presence of nearby competitor firms, and how state regulation of assisted living facilities might also affect care quality in nursing homes. This study uses a richer model specification that accounts for a much broader range of state long-term care regulations as well as the structure of a nursing home's local market. Findings reveal that a higher Medicaid reimbursement rate leads to significant improvements in nine different aspects of nursing home quality, while state certificate-of-need programs for nursing homes lead to a decline in several (but not all) dimensions of it. A large presence of assisted living beds in a local market also tends to reduce nursing home quality, and state regulations regarding assisted living facilities indirectly affect nursing home care quality by altering the nature of local market competition. Overall, these results suggest that state laws related to all long-term care providers, not just nursing homes, are important determinants of nursing home care quality.

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Books on the topic "Economic Management Sciences"

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W, Jordan Eleanor, and Stockton John Robert 1903-, eds. Introduction to business and economic statistics. 7th ed. Cincinnati: South-Western Pub. Co., 1985.

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Organizations and the bioeconomy: The management and commodification of the life sciences. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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Ignazio, Musu, Gullino Maria Lodovica, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Sustainable Development and Environmental Management: Experiences and Case Studies. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2008.

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Baumgartner, Thomas. The shaping of socio-economic systems: Application of the theory of actor-system dynamics to conflict, social power and institutional innovation in economic life. London: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1986.

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Murata, Tadahiko. Agent-Based Approaches in Economic and Social Complex Systems VII: Post-Proceedings of The AESCS International Workshop 2012. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2013.

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name, No. Hydrology and the management of watersheds. 3rd ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State Press, 2003.

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R, Burns Tom, and DeVille Philippe, eds. The shaping of socio-economic systems: The application of the theory of actor-system dynamics to conflict, social power, and institutional innovation in economic life. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1986.

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Islam, Roumeen. Do more transparent governments govern better? Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Sabo, Ajidani Moses. Introduction to the history and structure of Nigerian economy: A handbook for policy makers and students of arts, management and social sciences. Keffi: Maina-sara Printing & Pub., 2007.

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Guan li ke xue fa zhan zhan lüe: Ji guan li ke xue"shi er wu" you xian zi zhu ling yu =Development strategy of management sciences :"the 12th five-year plan" priority funding areas. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic Management Sciences"

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Kaya, S. Didem, Aydan Yuceler, and Yusuf Yalcin Ileri. "Emotional Intelligence Level of Health Sciences Faculty Students." In Country Experiences in Economic Development, Management and Entrepreneurship, 925–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46319-3_60.

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Aubin, Jean-Pierre. "Evolution of complex economic systems and uncertain information." In Connectionist Approaches in Economics and Management Sciences, 3–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3722-6_1.

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Mihăescu, Liviu. "Highlights in Teaching Ethical Management Applied in Achieving Economic Sciences." In Innovative Business Development—A Global Perspective, 201–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01878-8_17.

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Arimany-Serrat, Núria, and Maria Àngels Farreras-Noguer. "Economic Financial Health of the Wine Sector in Time of Financial Crisis: Catalonia, La Rioja and Languedoc-Roussillon." In Modelling and Simulation in Management Sciences, 97–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15413-4_8.

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Li, Fengxia, and Zeguang Lu. "Teaching Practice Exploration of Economic Mathematics Course of Economic Management Major Under the Background of “New Engineering”." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 253–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35095-6_29.

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Fantinelli, Stefania. "Knowledge Creation Processes Between Open Source Intelligence and Knowledge Management." In Mathematical-Statistical Models and Qualitative Theories for Economic and Social Sciences, 377–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54819-7_25.

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Belalem, Ghalem. "Economic Model for Consistency Management of Replicas in Data Grids with OptorSim Simulator." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 121–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02080-3_13.

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Vargas-Hernández, José, and Carlos Rivera. "Fostering Management Education for Professional Integrity: Case Study at University Center for Economic and Managerial Sciences, University of Guadalajara in Mexico." In Human Centered Management in Executive Education, 171–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137555410_11.

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Delli Rocili, Luciana, and Antonio Maturo. "Social Problems and Decision Making for Teaching Approaches and Relationship Management in an Elementary School." In Mathematical-Statistical Models and Qualitative Theories for Economic and Social Sciences, 81–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54819-7_7.

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Vargas-Hernández, José G. "Fostering Management Education for Professional Integrity: The Case of the Centre for Economic and Managerial Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Mexico." In Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Business World, 289–310. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37620-7_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic Management Sciences"

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"Analysis of Enterprise Economic Management Strategy Based on Circular Economy." In 2020 International Conference on Social Sciences and Social Phenomena. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001070.

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"Research on Application of Information Management and Management Science in Economic Activities." In 2018 3rd International Social Sciences and Education Conference. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/issec.2018.095.

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Zhou Ying, Fan Tijun, Zhou Hong, and Xu Weixia. "Economic ordering quantities for manufacturing/recovery inventory system with outsourcing." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemms.2010.5563485.

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Vojtovic, Sergej. "ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC RECESSION." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b23/s7.023.

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Huang, Jinzhi, and Jianzhong Xu. "Study on Economic Responsibility Audit in China Based on Management Efficiency." In 11th Joint Conference on Information Sciences. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jcis.2008.117.

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"On the objective of economic equity in China's macroeconomic management." In 2020 International Conference on Social Sciences and Social Phenomena. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001178.

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Lai Fengbo. "Notice of Retraction: Ways and countermeasures of achieving coordinated development of economy, society and ecology under the background of economic globalization." In 2011 2nd IEEE International Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemms.2011.6015632.

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Zhang, Ye-feng, and Wen-yin Wang. "An empirical research on the transformation of economic growth in Shanxi province." In 2011 2nd IEEE International Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemms.2011.6015826.

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Pumpinyo, Sumalee, and Saowaluck Kuchareonpasit. "Economic Benefits from Waste Management in Hotel Business:A Case Bangkok Thailand." In International Conference on Advanced Research in Social Sciences. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/icarss.2019.03.84.

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Sergienko, Elena. "MARKETING IMPERATIVES OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN CURRENT ECONOMIC REALITIES." In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.4/s04.068.

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Reports on the topic "Economic Management Sciences"

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Appoev, R. K., and Zh V. Ignatenko. Electronic educational and methodical complex of discipline "Operations research and optimization methods" (in areas of training 38.00.00 Economics and Management, 09.00.00 Computer Science and Engineering, 44.00.00 Education and pedagogical sciences). North-Caucasian Social Institute, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/appoevignatenko.01062016.21898.

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Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.

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This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.
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Kud, A. A. Figures and Tables. Reprinted from “Comprehensive сlassification of virtual assets”, A. A. Kud, 2021, International Journal of Education and Science, 4(1), 52–75. KRPOCH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26697/reprint.ijes.2021.1.6.a.kud.

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Figure. Distributed Ledger Token Accounting System. Figure. Subjects of Social Relations Based on the Decentralized Information Platform. Figure. Derivativeness of a Digital Asset. Figure. Semantic Features of the Concept of a “Digital Asset” in Economic and Legal Aspects. Figure. Derivativeness of Polyassets and Monoassets. Figure. Types of Tokenized Assets Derived from Property. Figure. Visual Representation of the Methods of Financial and Management Accounting of Property Using Various Types of Tokenized Assets. Figure. Visual Representation of the Classification of Virtual Assets Based on the Complexity of Their Nature. Table. Comparison of Properties of Various Types of Virtual Assets of the Distributed Ledger Derivative of the Original Asset. Table. Main Properties and Parameters of Types of Tokenized Assets. Table. Classification of Virtual Assets as Tools for Implementing the Methods of Financial and Management Accounting of Property.
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Lawrence, Sara, Michael Q. Hogan, and Elizabeth Brown. Planning for an Innovation District: Questions for Practitioners to Consider. RTI Press, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0059.1902.

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Innovation districts are physical spaces that serve to strengthen the foundations and institutions of an innovation ecosystem. The design, implementation, and management of formalized innovation districts is a new practice area. Research draws upon the experience of concentrated areas of innovation that occurred organically, such as Boston’s Route 128, as well as intentional projects to bring together innovators in large science and technology parks, such as North Carolina’s Research Triangle Park. Existing research focuses on how to define and design innovation districts and evaluate their impact, as well as general policy considerations. In this paper, we review the definitions and benefits of an innovation district, reviewing the existing empirical research on their impacts. We then propose a series of questions to guide practitioners in addressing the economic, physical, social, and governance elements of an innovation district. Finally, we outline some of the challenges in creating an innovation district and ways to measure progress, to allow practitioners to get ahead of potential issues in the future. This paper is intended to help policymakers and practitioners working in innovation and economic development translate the concepts of innovation ecosystems into actionable next steps for planning innovation districts in their communities.
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Bustelo, Monserrat, Pablo Egana-delSol, Laura Ripani, Nicolas Soler, and Mariana Viollaz. Automation in Latin America: Are Women at Higher Risk of Losing Their Jobs? Inter-American Development Bank, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002566.

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New technological trends, such as digitization, artificial intelligence and robotics, have the power to drastically increase economic output but may also displace workers. In this paper we assess the risk of automation for female and male workers in four Latin American countries Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and El Salvador. Our study is the first to apply a task-based approach with a gender perspective in this region. Our main findings indicate that men are more likely than women to perform tasks linked to the skills of the future, such as STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), information and communications technology, management and communication, and creative problem-solving tasks. Women thus have a higher average risk of automation, and 21% of women vs. 19% of men are at high risk (probability of automation greater than 70%). The differential impacts of the new technological trends for women and men must be assessed in order to guide the policy-making process to prepare workers for the future. Action should be taken to prevent digital transformation from worsening existing gender inequalities in the labor market.
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Aiginger, Karl, Andreas Reinstaller, Michael Böheim, Rahel Falk, Michael Peneder, Susanne Sieber, Jürgen Janger, et al. Evaluation of Government Funding in RTDI from a Systems Perspective in Austria. Synthesis Report. WIFO, Austria, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2009.504.

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In the spring of 2008, WIFO, KMU Forschung Austria, Prognos AG in Germany and convelop were jointly commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth to perform a systems evaluation of the country's research promotion and funding activities. Based on their findings, six recommendations were developed for a change in Austrian RTDI policy as outlined below: 1. to move from a narrow to a broader approach in RTDI policy (links to education policy, consideration of the framework for innovation such as competition, international perspectives and mobility); 2. to move from an imitation to a frontrunner strategy (striving for excellence and market leadership in niche and high-quality segments, increasing market shares in advanced sectors and technology fields, and operating in segments of relevance for society); 3. to move from a fragmented approach to public intervention to a more coordinated and consistent approach(explicit economic goals, internal and external challenges and reasoning for public intervention); 4. to move from a multiplicity of narrowly defined funding programmes to a flexible, dynamic policy that uses a broader definition of its tasks and priorities (key technology and research segments as priority-action fields, adequate financing of clusters and centres of excellence); 5. to move from an unclear to a precisely defined allocation of responsibilities between ministries and other players in the field (high-ranking steering group at government level, monitoring by a Science, Research and Innovation Council); 6. to move from red-tape-bound to a modern management of public intervention (institutional separation between ministries formulating policies and agencies executing them, e.g., by "progressive autonomy").
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Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi, et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.

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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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