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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic orientation'
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Dr.R.HARILAL, Dr R. HARILAL. "Economic Orientation Commercial Poultry Farmers of Andhra Pradesh." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/august2014/140.
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Jacoby, Wade, and Umut Korkut. "Vulnerability and Economic Re-orientation." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, no. 3 (October 14, 2015): 496–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415604355.
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To what extent do Euroskeptic parties in Eastern and Central Europe have viable alternatives to the European Union and the broad basket of liberal policies promoted by the EU? In recent years, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has used his overwhelming parliamentary majorities to chart a partially new course, and this article inventories one aspect of this new course. The article asks whether Hungary can gain any potential benefits from closer links to China as a partial replacement for resources that might not be available (or that might be lost) from its more conventional European partners to the west. Orbán has often justified both radical constitutional change and economic nationalism as powerful medicines to push back against Hungary’s vulnerability at the hands of its foreign and domestic enemies. In this context, China emerged as both a potential source of new revenue and rhetorical trope that seemed to fit in a broader Fidesz discourse of an “Eastern opening.” This article makes a first attempt to separate rhetoric and reality. It first explores how the ongoing consolidation of illiberalism in Hungary has now also sparked a geopolitical repositioning through the “Eastern opening” during Fidesz’s second term. Second, it seeks to understand the theoretical proposition that new sources of external funding—including FDI and government bond purchases—can help enable a state to execute such a broad geopolitical shift. To do so, it develops empirical material from the fascinating Hungarian efforts to position themselves as a major beneficiary of Chinese engagement with Europe. The article concludes that Orbán’s policies have indeed been broadly consistent with his party’s new rhetoric, but it also concludes that the amount of Chinese investment is, in aggregate, still modest to date.
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Wira, Ahmad, Hulwati Hulwati, Huriyatul Akmal, Riandy Mardhika Adif, and Jufriadif Na`am. "Islamic Economic Orientation Model for Microfinance Institution." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 53 (March 10, 2019): 676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.53.676.682.
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This study formulated a model of Islamic economic orientation towards microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Solok Indonesia. The approach method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) on Islamic economics in social change. This study produces three models of Islamic economic orientation, namely social, profit and social-profit. Thus, this research helps the community in implementing a more reliable Islamic economy.
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Kibirige, Douglas, and Ajay S. Singh. "Efficiency and Goals of Smallholder Sugarcane Farmers in Eswatini (Swaziland)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 3 (August 8, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i3.18776.
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Establishing farmers’ goals is very essential for increased productivity and profitability in sugarcane production. This study aimed at establishing farmers’ goals and their relationship with farmers’ efficiency. The study used primary data collected from 147smallholder sugarcane farmers. This study employed factor analysis to generate goal orientations of farmers and estimated farmers’ efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the farmers interviewed were females (57%), with 39% of farmers’ attained secondary education, average mean age of 56 years, farming experience of 10 years and cultivate about 4.5 hectares of sugarcane. Farmers’ goal orientations generated were instrumental orientation, sustainable orientation, family and leisure orientation, expressive orientation and social status orientation. Farmers’ estimated technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency were 89.57%, 84.94% and 76.43%, respectively. The results suggest that farmers can still improve efficiencies without changing the available technologies. The drivers of farmers’ technical efficiency were education, age, instrumental orientation and social status. Farmers’ allocative efficiency was influenced by age, family and leisure orientation and social status orientation. The determinants of farmers’ economic efficiency were education, family and leisure orientation, age and social status orientation. The study recommends formulating rural development programmes and policies that target sugarcane farmers’ engagement and participation in sugarcane production and also consider farmers’ oriented goals and socio-economic drivers for significant increase in productivity.
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Maydeu‐Olivares, Albert, and Nora Lado. "Market orientation and business economic performance." International Journal of Service Industry Management 14, no. 3 (August 2003): 284–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09564230310478837.
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Hessels, Jolanda, and André van Stel. "Entrepreneurship, export orientation, and economic growth." Small Business Economics 37, no. 2 (October 23, 2009): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9233-3.
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You, Yucong. "New orientation of study on economic psychology and behaviour." Translational Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2019-0015.
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Abstract Economic psychology refers to the impact of psychological factors on economic changes, and its outward manifestation is economic behaviour. Psychology, as a science studying human psychology and behaviour, has no reason to ignore the study of economic activities. This study summarizes the latest research results and conclusions of economic psychology from three aspects of behaviour level, body signal and other people’s movement or displacement. In addition, it expounds the reflection of economic psychology, the reflection of rational human hypothesis of traditional economics and the prospect of future research. From the perspective of economic psychology, it is of great significance to analyse the psychological motivation behind the conflicts and interests in the study of economic psychology and behaviour so as to construct the harmonious behaviour relationship of “psychological contract” on the basis of the rational mechanism of interest distribution.
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Hack, Frank, and Ashish Vaidya. "State economic growth and international export orientation." Applied Economics Letters 3, no. 2 (February 1996): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135048596356861.
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Chew, Rosalind, and Soon Beng Chew. "Trade Union Orientation and Macro-Economic Management." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 06, no. 03 (September 2003): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091503001134.
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This paper makes the distinction between micro-focused unions and macro-focused unions, with the latter emphasizing full employment and competitiveness for the economy. It examines the micro-foundation of the macro-focused labor movement, which calls for certain conditions or arrangements conducive to, and the instruments needed for, the establishment and survival of macro-focused unions. The consequences and outcomes in an industrial relations regime in which macro-focused unions prevail are also examined, and measures for countering the free rider problem suggested. The main conclusion is that a macro-focused labor movement is a strategic partner with the government in enhancing international competitiveness, an option which is superior to an exchange rate policy.
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Athukorala, Prema‐chandra, and Jayant Menon. "Outward Orientation and Economic Development in Malaysia." World Economy 22, no. 8 (November 1999): 1119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00250.
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Kostal, Jack W., and Brenton M. Wiernik. "A meta-analytic investigation of demographic differences in protean, boundaryless, and proactive career orientations." Career Development International 22, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 520–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-08-2017-0139.
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Purpose The protean and boundaryless career concepts have dominated recent career research. Demographic groups are posited to differ on these “new career orientations,” with implications for career development and social equity. The purpose of this paper is to test these hypotheses by systematically reviewing research on demographic differences in new career orientations. Design/methodology/approach This paper meta-analyzes demographic differences in protean, boundaryless, and proactive career orientations using data from 29,605 individuals (74 samples). Findings Demographic differences in new career orientations are generally negligible to small, with organizational mobility preferences showing the largest differences across demographic characteristics. Age showed curvilinear relations with new career orientations. National economic development moderated new career orientation-educational level relations. Research limitations/implications Results support the construct validity of “proactive career orientation” as a unifying construct encompassing protean and psychological mobility boundaryless orientations (cf. Wiernik and Kostal, 2017). Future research should continue to explore career development in diverse economic/cultural contexts. Practical implications Small demographic differences suggest that potential benefits of new career orientations are not limited to members of particular groups. Age and education relations were large enough to indicate that large population segments may benefit from additional interventions to support career mobility and development. Originality/value This paper uses meta-analytic techniques to investigate demographic differences in career orientations with larger samples than possible in a single primary study. The meta-analytic design permitted investigation of a variety of methodological and cultural/economic moderators not previously considered in career orientation research.
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Vagnani, Gianluca, and Michele Simoni. "Technological uncertainty, market orientation and firms' economic performance." MERCATI E COMPETITIVITÀ, no. 2 (July 2016): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mc2016-002008.
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Simoni, Michele, and Gianluca Vagnani. ""Technological uncertainty, market orientation and firm’s economic performance"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (January 2015): 18640. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.18640abstract.
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Tian, Xiaowen. "Market Orientation and Regional Economic Disparities in China." Post-Communist Economies 11, no. 2 (June 1999): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631379995968.
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Söderbaum, Peter. "Political Economic Person, Ideological Orientation and Institutional Change." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 12, no. 3 (April 2001): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x01001200301.
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Institutions do not exist independently of individuals. Individuals relate to institutions in cognitive and emotional ways. In this essay emphasis will be on how individuals interpret various phenomena as part of their ideological orientation. A Political Economic Person will be suggested as an alternative to Economic Man. Human beings are assumed to be responsible actors with many roles and acting in a changing context from specific positions. In relation to a specific group of phenomena such as business corporations or markets, there are more than one language and scheme of interpretation that can be used by individuals. The choice and application of one scheme of interpretation is a political matter and part of the mentioned ideological orientation of the individual. Similarly, organisations such as business corporations have their value orientation, business concept, business ideology or mission statement, which suggest specific ways of interpreting the world. Taking environmental issues seriously may—as an example—lead to a questioning of simplistic ideas about business companies in terms of profits and shareholder values. New schemes of interpretation emerge connected for instance with Environmental Management Systems, such as ISO 14001 or the European Union version, EMAS. The existence of more than one scheme of interpretation in relation to business corporations as phenomena, makes it meaningful to speak of a competition between alternative schemes of interpretation and thereby between institutions. ISO 14001—pointing to an idea that not only the monetary performance of a company counts but also environmental performance—has become institutionalised and in some sense threatens other existing ideas about business.
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Darmanto, Darmanto, Sri Wardaya, Lilis Sulistyani, and Basuki Sri Rahayu. "A Model of Mixed Strategic Orientations Based on Environment in Achieving a Tough Performance of MSMEs." Ijtimā'iyya: Journal of Muslim Society Research 5, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/ijtimaiyya.v5i1.3086.
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This study aims to design a model in achieving superior performance of MSMEs. The mixed strategic orientations of demography, economy and cultural values are used to design this model. The mixed strategic orientations consist of customer, competitor and innovation orientations. Demographic variables consist of age, experience and education. Economic variables consist of government, price, income and growth. Cultural value variables consist of Javanese, Chinese and Padang cultural values. Customer orientation variables have an antecedent variable that consist of entrepreneurship, reward and learning. The change orientation variable moderates the customer and competitor orientations to the innovation orientation. Variable of competitive advantage mediates customer and competitor orientations on MSMEs’ performance. The population of this study consists of food MSMEs in Central Java. The 750 samples are chosen with convenient sampling technique. Data analysis mrthod used the Cross-tab Analysis and Structural Equation Model (SEM). The result of this research is a model explaining that demography, economy and cultural values influence antecedent variables of customer orientation, dimension of strategic orientations and organizational performance. The antecedent variables affect customer orientation; the dimension of strategic orientations affects performance; Variable of change of capacity unmoderates customer and competitor orientations on innovation orientation. Variable of competitive advantage unmediates customer, innovation and competitor orientations on performance. An abstract should accompany each manuscript; it should be completely self-consistent (i.e., with no figure, table, equation or reference citations), not exceeding 250 words and written as a single paragraph.
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Алдашева, А. А., А. С. Баканов, М. Е. Зеленова, and О. В. Рунец. "PROFESSIONAL MENTALITY AND PECULIARITIES OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION AND RE-ORIENTATION DURING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRISIS." Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Социальная и экономическая психология, no. 2(18) (September 25, 2020): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.38098/ipran.sep.2020.18.2.009.
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Экономический кризис, спровоцированный пандемией вируса COVID-19, оказывает негативное влияние на рынок труда, приводит к сокращению рабочих мест, росту безработицы и необходимости для миллионов людей менять работe и профессию. Спад экономики и неопределенность, связанная с коронавирусом, выступают стрессогенными факторами, оказывающими негативное воздействие на психологическое благополучие субъектов труда, вызывая тревогу, депрессию и появление признаков синдрома безработного. В представленной работе проблема профессиональной ориентации и переориентации в период экономического кризиса анализируется с учетом роли менталитета профессионала. Выделяются основные ресурсы и стратегии, способствующие профориентации, переориентации или поиску работы, которые может использовать субъект трудовой деятельности в период социально-экономического кризиса. Обсуждаются предикторы ресурсности субъекта труда: готовность к переобучению, инициативность, способность принимать решения в ситуациях неопределенности и дефицита времени, быстро и адекватно оценивать происходящие изменения и др. Рассматриваются психологические составляющие программы профориентации и переориентации на основе математических и имитационных моделей рынка труда, среди которых выделяются: формирование профессионально-социальной идентичности, ориентированной на определенный тип профессий, общность мировоззренческих и профессиональных взглядов, норм, правил, традиций сообщества специалистов, а также принципы оценки эффективности трудовой деятельности и др. Учитывая инерционный характер подготовки специалистов, емкость рынка труда, эволюцию профессий в глобальном масштабе, в программу предлагается включить разделы, содержащие способы и приемы нивелирования переживаний и негативных состояний, детерминированных изменением социального и профессионального статуса субъекта труда, создание общественного дискурса, поддерживающего ценность мотивации на труд, ориентацию и способность человека строить свое экономическое благополучие. The economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the labor market. According to international experts, the COVID-19 pandemic will bring more negative consequences to the global labor market than the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. Depending on the varying scale of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, unemployment is forecast to increase throughout the world. The economic slowdown and uncertainty of the economics are stressful factors for all market participants. The article discusses the resources and strategies for career guidance, reorientation or job search that can be used by the subject of labor during the socio-economic crisis. Readiness for reeducation and initiative as a personality trait are important predictors of success in the search for a new field of activity during the socio-economic crisis. Also, predictors of success include: the ability to make decisions in uncertainty, make decisions in deficiency of time, and the ability to react quickly and adequately according to the changing conditions of the external environment. While the assessment the ability of an employer as a subject of labor to act, and make decisions in conditions of uncertainty (which is typical for the labor market in the crisis and post-crisis period), it is necessary to consider the subject's knowledge, skills, and ability to make decisions. The success of professional orientation and professional reorientation of the subject of labor activity is determined by a combination of factors: the level of professionalism and professional competence, initiative and readiness for retraining, motivation, etc., but the success of the individual in the newly chosen profession is in the professional mentality that is the psychological construct in a newly designed system "subject of labor - profession - professional Self-concept".
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Grinevska, Svitlana. "Social orientation of economy as economical version of socioeconomy." Ukrainian society 2012, no. 1 (2012): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2012.01.141.
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The problems of government control of social orientation of economy are considered from positions of Socio-Economic. General conceptual bases of social orientation of economy and Socio-Economic and their distinctions are certain. The general economic going is offered near determination of intercommunications of Socio-Economic and social orientation of economy.
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Sin, Leo Y. M., Alan C. B. Tse, Oliver H. M. Yau, Raymond P. M. Chow, and Jenny S. Y. Lee. "Market Orientation, Relationship Marketing Orientation, and Business Performance: The Moderating Effects of Economic Ideology and Industry Type." Journal of International Marketing 13, no. 1 (March 2005): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.13.1.36.58538.
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This study examines how economic ideology and industry type moderate the impacts of market orientation and relationship marketing orientation on business performance. The authors collected data through a survey of firms in both Mainland China and Hong Kong. They selected these two economies because they have similarities in cultural dimensions and differences in economic dimensions. The authors find support for the moderating effect of economic ideology and industry type on the link among market orientation, relationship marketing orientation, and business performance.
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Omar, Ahmad Raflis Che, Mohd Yahya Mohd Hussin, and Fidlizan Muhammad. "Assessing Strategic Orientation and Mosques Performance." Research in World Economy 10, no. 5 (December 24, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n5p30.
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Mosque plays important roles as the religious organization among Muslims. Despite a sacred place, there are some other socio-economic roles are carried out by these institution such as the Islamic teaching and learning centre, waqf and zakat (alms) management and hearse management. Nevertheless, currently there are increasing number of economic activities executed by mosque leaders to serve the local Muslims community. This study assesses the relationship between strategic orientation initiatives and mosque’s economic performance. The data is gathered through a structured questionnaire that was distributed amongst the mosques management committee leaders in the State of Selangor. The outcomes of path model analysis highlighted two important findings. First, the strategic orientation does exist among mosques management committee leaders. Second, relationship between strategic orientation and mosques non-financial performance is significantly related. The empirical evidence provides important initial exploration on enhancement of strategic orientation theory in the context of religion based organization. Drawing from the findings, we promote strategic choice for future mosque’s strategic engagement with certain types of valuable community based economic activities.
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Huhtala, Juho-Petteri, Antti Sihvonen, Johanna Frösén, Matti Jaakkola, and Henrikki Tikkanen. "Market orientation, innovation capability and business performance." Baltic Journal of Management 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-03-2013-0044.
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Purpose – The paper aims to examine the role of market orientation (MO) and innovation capability in determining business performance during an economic upturn and downturn. Design/methodology/approach – The data comprise two national-level surveys conducted in Finland in 2008, representing an economic boom, and in 2010 when the global economic crisis had hit the Finnish market. Partial least square path analysis is used to test the potential mediating effect of innovation capability on the relationship between MO and business performance during economic boom and bust. Findings – The results show that innovation capability fully mediates the performance effects of a MO during an economic upturn, whereas the mediation is only partial during a downturn. Innovation capability also mediates the relationship between a customer orientation and business performance during an upturn, whereas the mediating effect culminates in a competitor orientation during a downturn. Thus, the role of innovation capability as a mediator between the individual market-orientation components varies along the business cycle. Originality/value – This paper is one of the first studies that empirically examine the impact of the economic cycle on the relationship between strategic marketing concepts, such as MO or innovation capability, and the firm's business performance.
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Filieri, Raffaele. "From market-driving to market-driven." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-02-2014-0037.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on market-driven and market-driving management and analyzes the Benetton’s market orientation change from a market-driving to a market-driven orientation. Additionally, this study uses longitudinal data to measure the degree of success of the market-driven orientation. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a qualitative case study method and it discusses how Benetton has moved from a market-driving to a market-driven orientation. Findings – The paper analyzes the principal transformations the Benetton Group has gone through to implement a market-driven orientation, including the delocalization of the manufacturing and of trusted suppliers; the downstream integration process; the adoption of a flexible, efficient and responsive logistics; the implementation of a modern information systems infrastructure. Revenues data show that the company has benefited of the new orientation, but only in the short-run. Moreover, the early adoption of the market-driven orientation by competing firms (e.g. Zara) and the economic environment seem to play an influence on the performance of market-driven companies. Research limitations/implications – The single case study approach may limit the generalizability of the findings. However, this case study is unique and of high importance for managers in different industries. Originality/value – Although some studies have discussed the benefits of market-driven and market-driving orientations, no study has analysed how companies move from a market-driving to a market-driven orientation. Additionally, existing studies have proved market orientation’s influence on business performance using static measures. This study uses longitudinal data to show the effect of market-driven orientation on a company’s long-term competitive advantage.
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McFarlane, Bonita L., Thomas M. Beckley, Emily Huddart-Kennedy, Solange Nadeau, and Stephen Wyatt. "Public views on forest management: value orientation and forest dependency as indicators of diversity." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 4 (April 2011): 740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-003.
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Classifying communities as forest dependent based on economic indicators implies that residents of these communities share a utilitarian view of forest management whereby resource extraction and economic benefits are the primary focus. In this study, we test this hypothesis by examining the relationship between forest dependency, value orientation, and views on forest management. Data were collected by mail survey from 1521 residents of the Province of New Brunswick, Canada, in 2007. We classify respondents based on levels of forest dependency of their area of residence and their forest value orientation. We examine variation in beliefs about forest management, goals of forest management, and public involvement across levels of forest dependency and forest value orientation. Results showed some differences among residents from regions with different levels of forest dependence. Considerably greater variation, however, occurred among forest value orientation clusters. This study suggests that regardless of the level of forest dependency, communities comprised a mix of value orientations and that examining populations based on level of forest dependency may mask a plurality of views on forest management within communities.
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Cheng, Yue Ming, and Xin Fa Tang. "Exploration of Business Ethics Based on Economics Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1741.
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In view of broad and deep economic impact of economy and society from business ethics enterprise can not avoid the existence of ethics, as values, spirit, pursuit of ideal ,behavior habits, morality and so on reflecting in economic activity, its orientation to economy and the dominant role of economic behavior is very obvious. In this paper, ethics analysis of Marxist economics, institutional economics, welfare economics and ecological economics demonstrate necessity of the business ethics for sustainable development of enterprises.
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Buli, Bereket Mamo. "Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and performance of SMEs in the manufacturing industry." Management Research Review 40, no. 3 (March 20, 2017): 292–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-07-2016-0173.
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Purpose The Purpose of this paper is to examine the difference in the performance of Small Business using Entrepreneurial and market orientation. There is solid empirical evidence confirming the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in economic development. Using entrepreneurial and market orientations, this paper investigates the extent to which this strategic orientation contributes to the superior performance of manufacturing SMEs. Design/methodology/approach A total of 171 SME managers participated in the survey research. Multiple and linear multiple regression were applied to test the hypotheses. Findings The empirical result reveals that integrating entrepreneurial and market orientations into the operation of SMEs contributes to superior performance, which in turn enables them to thrive in institutionally complex and economically turbulent environments. Except for innovativeness, each dimension of entrepreneurial orientation along with market orientation has a positive influence on business performance of small businesses. Practical implications Developing economies see SMEs as a path out of poverty, thereby realizing industrialization and sustainable growth. There is a keen interest to adopt proactive policies so as to create competitive domestic industries. Conversely, this can only be realized if states develop policy measures that prioritize or at least emphasize on highly growing SMEs rather than creating jobs that are neither productive nor decent. Originality/value The present paper confirms previous findings and contributes additional evidence that suggests working on entrepreneurial and market orientations of SMEs will improve performance and compensate the multi-dimensional constraints imposed by the existing market in developing economies. The finding of this study offers important insights for managers and policymakers.
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Naranjo-Gil, David, Gloria Cuevas-Rodríguez, Álvaro López-Cabrales, and Jose M. Sánchez. "The Effects of Incentive System and Cognitive Orientation on Teams' Performance." Behavioral Research in Accounting 24, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-50098.
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ABSTRACT Organizations are adopting team-based structures to promote cooperation and coordination of actions and, thus, enhance performance (Libby and Thorne 2009; Chenhall 2008). However, team-based structures do not automatically improve performance. The economics literature suggests that working in teams may impair performance because of the potential conflict between individual and group incentives. In contrast, the organizational behavior literature argues that working in teams may enhance performance via members' collectivist cognitive orientation. This paper analyzes how both the economic incentive system and the team's predominant (individualist or collectivist) cognitive orientation affect team performance. We conduct an experiment with postgraduate students. Our results show that enhanced team performance is positively related to both individual economic incentives and predominately collectivist orientation in the team, and that the effectiveness of any incentive system design seems to be related to the team's predominant cognitive orientation.
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Malik, Mykola, and Volodymyr Mamchur. "Socio-economic orientation of family farms in entrepreneurial activity." Ekonomika APK 311, no. 9 (September 28, 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202009030.
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The purpose of the article is to deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations of the creation and functioning of family farms in entrepreneurial activity and reveal their socio-economic orientation. Research methods. It is based on the concept of an active policy for the implementation of entrepreneurial potential in the countryside, the components of which are measures for the development of farms and family farms, including through the transformation mechanism of formalizing personal peasant farms into a market economy environment. In the process of research, the following scientific methods were used: dialectical scientific knowledge of processes and phenomena; monographic (analysis of scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, analysis of the stages of business development); graphic (to obtain a synthesized representation of the object of research, identify its components, establish causal relationships); empirical (based on a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the research object); comparative analysis (identified the problems and directions of the formation and development of farming; taking into account the specific conditions of agricultural activity and comparing the processes of farming development at the national level); prognostic (forming the conceptual framework for regulating and improving the entrepreneurship development strategy); abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). Research results. On the basis of generalization, measures were introduced, in particular, to compensate part of the single social payment (SSP) to family farms, according to the calculations, they can provide in the near future up to 200 thousand such farms (in the total potential of domestic family farming is about a million farms), which is possible both through a change in organizational and the legal form of already existing small farms, and through formalization of personal peasant farms into the market environment, acquiring the official status of physical person entrepreneur - SPE. Analyzing the role of the potential of family farming, it should be noted that its formation affects the development of Ukraine, since agriculture directly or indirectly ensures the achievement of many sustainable development goals provided for by the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine for the period up to 2030. The study made it possible to determine the socio-economic orientation and socio-economic efficiency of the development of family farming both for the Ukrainian economy and communities, taking into account the institutional, legal and financial and economic prerequisites for their functioning. Scientific novelty. The methodological representation and identification of the category of family farming have received further development, which is considered here as an organization of agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, livestock, aquaculture, which is managed by the family and can be organized both in the form of an individual and a legal entity. Practical significance. It was revealed that the peculiarity of the functioning of family farms lies in the fact that they simultaneously represent production and consumer unit, and therefore combine two goals - production (maximizing income) and consumer (increasing the well-being of all members of the household). The following models of development of subjects of the rural family economy have been systematized: a model of labor farming; the farm model based on the use of hired labor; family corporation model. It was found that on the basis of the family organization of labor, a small local economy “family farm” is formed, the features of which include: the duality of development goals, that is, the implementation of the entrepreneurial ability of its members to manage the land and maximize income; the reproductive process depends on the existing system of informal institutions; the defining norms of behavior of its members include: loyalty to traditions and cultural heritage, social orientation, innovation, sustainability, trust and predictability of actions of household members; a combination of multi-vector, contradictory processes; a combination of technological, economic and cultural conditions for the functioning of a family farm, which determine the synergistic effect.
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Hu, Fengpei, Tao Jiang, Huadong Chu, Rongjie Chu, Xizan Jin, and Xiaofen Yu. "Individuals’ economic value orientation or social equity value orientation? A dual value orientation in the process of house demolition compensation." Journal of General Psychology 147, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2019.1656162.
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Santana, Shelle, and Vicki G. Morwitz. "The Role of Gender in Pay-What-You-Want Contexts." Journal of Marketing Research 58, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243721992056.
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This research highlights how gender shapes consumer payments in pay-what-you-want contexts. Four studies involving hypothetical and real payments show that men typically pay less than women in pay-what-you-want settings, due to gender differences in agentic versus communal orientation. Men approach the payment decision with an agentic orientation, and women approach it with a communal orientation. These orientations then shape payment motives and ultimately affect payment behavior. Because agentic men are more self-focused, their payment decisions are motivated by economic factors, resulting in lower payments. Conversely, communal women are more other-focused, and their payment decisions are motivated by both social and economic factors, resulting in higher payments. The findings additionally highlight how sellers can use marketing communications to increase the salience of social payment motives and demonstrate that by doing so, marketers can increase how much men pay without altering how much women pay in pay-what-you-want settings.
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Mantok, Stanzin, Harjit Sekhon, Gurjeet Kaur Sahi, and Paul Jones. "Entrepreneurial orientation and the mediating role of organisational learning amongst Indian S-SMEs." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 26, no. 5 (November 11, 2019): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-07-2018-0215.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine organisational learning as a mediator among small-scale manufacturing enterprises (S-SMEs) which comprise the majority of economic activity in an emergent/developing economy. This study offers further understanding regarding the mediating role of organisational learning in developing world economies, due to its potential regional influence. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey of Indian S-SMEs was undertaken from the District Industrial Center. The study employed a systematic sampling technique to contact owner/managers. Overall, 204 S-SMEs owners/managers participated in the study and 192 usable survey instruments were received. Findings The study offers novel insights to the following questions. First, the factors that prompt entrepreneurial orientation to achieve superior business performance, i.e. the antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation? The results reveal competitor orientation is an antecedent of entrepreneurial orientation that leads to an S-SME’s business performance. Second, the outcomes of entrepreneurial orientation, i.e. the consequences of entrepreneurial orientation? The study reveals organisational learning and business performance are the corollary of entrepreneurial orientation. Third, the examination of whether organisational learning mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance? The findings found the effects of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance are, in part, mediated by organisational learning. Research limitations/implications Three study limitations are recognised. First, other strategic orientations, including technology orientation, production orientation and selling orientation are not included. Second, other constructs have a potentially significant relationship with market and entrepreneurial orientation, such as organisational capabilities, innovation and social context, were not considered. Third, the study is industry-sector specific and does not consider alternative sectors which also may play a potential role in economic development. Originality/value This study enhances the existing S-SME literature by identifying factors contributing to entrepreneurial orientation and its repercussions on business performance. For S-SMEs it adds credence to the role played by organisational learning in mediating the link between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance which potentially encourages owner/managers to dedicate increased time and resources towards creating and maintaining a conducive learning environment. The results support entrepreneurs in acknowledging the importance of competitor orientation during the emergence and development of entrepreneurial orientation, specifically in emerging economy contexts.
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Berlian, Zainal. "THE IMPACT OF MARKETING STRATEGIES TOWARDS THE PERFORMANCE OF MUSEUMS IN JAKARTA." Business and Entrepreneurial Review 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ber.v9i1.29.
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Marketing activities in museum stores offer significant opportunities to evaluate distinct strategies and their related performance in a nonprofit setting. Whereas the museum store was originally intended to provide financial support for the institution with which it was associated, it now provides an educational or mission-related opportunity as well. This research identified variable of elaborate product orientation, customer orientation, competitor orientation and sales orientation toward social effectiveness and economic effectiveness. Total 18 museum in Jakarta was surveyed by researcher with interview technique to the museum management. The finding of this research, museum management should combining the variables of product orientation, customer orientation, competitor orientation and sales orientation in order to achieve social effectiveness and economic effectiveness
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Ramos, Guilherme, Yan Vieites, Jorge Jacob, and Eduardo B. Andrade. "Orientação política e apoio ao isolamento social durante a pandemia da COVID-19: evidências do Brasil." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 4 (August 2020): 697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200162.
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Abstract Social distancing practices have been widely recommended to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. However, despite the medical consensus, many citizens have resisted adhering to and/or supporting its implementation. While this resistance may stem from the non-negligible personal economic costs of implementing social distancing, we argue that it may also reside in more fundamental differences in normative principles and belief systems, as reflected by political orientation. In a study conducted in Brazil, we test the relative importance of these explanations by examining whether and how support for social distancing varies according to self-identified political orientation and personal economic vulnerability. Results show that while economic vulnerability does not influence support for social distancing, conservatives are systematically less supportive of these practices than liberals. Discrepancies in sensitivity to threats to the economic system help explain the phenomenon.
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Frislia, Ernie, and Seger Handoyo. "THE ROLE OF SELF-CONSTRUAL AND GOAL ORIENTATION ON EMPLOYEE INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR." Jurnal Psikologi 19, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.3.233-245.
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Innovation is an effort to increase the companies' competitiveness in Indonesia in the era of the ASEAN Economic Community and confront the fourth industrial era. Innovative work behavior is an organization's methods to implement innovations and improve performance, excellence, competitiveness, and confront changes in the dynamic external environment. This study aims to examine the effect of self-construal and goal orientation on innovative work behavior by testing hypotheses using multiple regression analysis. Data collection in this study uses an innovative work behavior scale, self-construal scale, and goal orientation scale, an online survey method filled by 168 employees working in the manufacturing industry sectors in Indonesia. The results show that self-construal and goal orientation have a positive effect on innovative work behavior, enhancement in self-construal, and goal orientation to increase employees' innovative work behavior—the contribution of goal orientation significant higher for employees' innovative work behavior than for self-construal contributions. Individuals with goal orientations can help organizations to develop innovation through innovative work behavior.
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Carvalho, M. J., M. Collares-Pereira, and J. M. Gordon. "Economic Optimization of Stationary Nonevacuated CPC Solar Collectors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 109, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268176.
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Stationary, nonevacuated CPC solar collectors are a promising alternative to corresponding flat plate collectors in that they offer superior yearly energy delivery at comparable cost for low-temperature thermal applications. For realistic cost scenarios, we determine optimal concentrator configurations and concentration ratios, and calculate their sensitivity to variations in relative component costs, climate, orientation and collector operating temperature. For CPC’s that are to have the flexibility of either east-west or north-south orientation, optimized collectors are shown to have low concentrations of around 1.2, achieved by truncation from acceptance half angles of about 45 deg.
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ZHANG, Qing-Feng, Fa-Qi WU, and Li WANG. "Functional orientation of eco-economic regions in the Loess Plateau." Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture 18, no. 6 (December 21, 2010): 1357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1011.2010.01357.
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Lindblom, Arto, and Taru Lindblom. "De-ownership orientation and collaborative consumption during turbulent economic times." International Journal of Consumer Studies 41, no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12336.
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Shang, Cheng, Jie Chen, Yiheng Song, Jiashun Chen, and Juhua Zhang. "Sharing Economic Policy Orientation and Policy Implementation Resistance in China." Science Innovation 8, no. 1 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20200801.18.
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Ibrahim, Fausat M., and Bashirat A. Ibrahim. "Gender and economic orientation as correlates of attitudes towards environmental abuse: A study of a group of Nigerian undergraduates." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2018-0003.
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AbstractEquity is central to concerns over environmental sustainability. Gender and economic power constitute prime bases of inequalities in human society. Moreover, university education has the potential to produce ideal individuals equipped to advance noble causes including environmental sanity. Hence, this study was designed to examine how economic and gender orientation affects attitude towards environmental abuse among a group of Nigerian undergraduates. Structured questionnaire were self-administered to 1120 randomly selected respondents and 1098 were analyzed. Multi-item measures were used to assess variables. One way ANOVA, Brown-Forsythe's test and Spearman's correlation r were used to analyze data. Results show that the mean score for attitudes towards environmental abuse was high (5.38±0.87, min. = 1.0, max. = 7.0) but, the generic pattern for attitude was fairly environmentally friendly because only 56.7% of respondents scored the mean or above. Age, sex and marital status had no effect on their attitude (p > 0.05) but religion and field of study did (p < 0.05). Economic and gender orientations were significantly and positively related to attitude towards environmental abuse (p < 0.05). Being Muslim and Christian as opposed to being a practitioner of a traditional religion; and undertaking studies within the field of biology and life sciences as well as science and technology, as opposed to social sciences, humanities and arts, predisposes students to healthier attitudes towards environmental abuse. Collectivist economic orientation and egalitarian gender orientation predisposes students to a healthier attitude towards environmental abuse.
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Akhmad, Sudaryat Nurdin. "Identitas dan Orientasi Nilai Kultural Mahasiswa Calon Guru." JOMSIGN: Journal of Multicultural Studies in Guidance and Counseling 1, no. 2 (September 23, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jomsign.v1i2.8285.
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The research aims to learn profile of identity status and cultural value orientation of teacher prospective student. The research method that used is descriptive by qualitative approach. The research sample involves 80 students of education program at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia that are chosen by using technique of multi stage cluster sampling. The collected data by questionnaire is analysized statisticaly. The research result shows that majority of teacher prospective students is on low cultural identity status. They are forecloser and diffusion. They who are in achievement status and moratorium, that is accused as high identity status, each of them is belonged by least of forth of students quantity. Four values that become strongest preferences for students are economic value, science value, social value and religious value. Some students that have achievement cultural identity status belong strong orientation on science value, then religious value and social value and economic value. Moratorium status put stronger orientation on economic value, social, aesthetic, and religious and the last is science. Foreclosure status put more orientation on economic value, social, and power. Besides, diffusion status put more orientation on economic value, power, social, aesthetic and religious.
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Marín, Longinos, Catalina Nicolás, and Alicia Rubio. "How Gender, Age and Education Influence the Entrepreneur’s Social Orientation: The Moderating Effect of Economic Development." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 4514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174514.
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A social entrepreneur is an individual that creates a company to generate social value. Social entrepreneurs tend to develop these initiatives because they have a strong social orientation. The reason why people have a stronger or weaker social orientation has been analyzed through the lens of different subjects, among biological, social, and behavioral sciences. However, the literature does not agree about which variables influence individuals to have more or less social orientation. We investigated which variables influence the entrepreneur’s social orientation by using a large sample of individuals (n = 176,460) in 59 countries. Our results show that an entrepreneur’s social orientation is stronger for women, more educated, and older people. The economic development of the country moderates these relationships among the social orientation, gender, and education level of the individual. We found that the individual’s social orientation increases at the same rate as the country’s development level.
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BLAZQUEZ, Desamparados, and Josep DOMENECH. "WEB DATA MINING FOR MONITORING BUSINESS EXPORT ORIENTATION." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 24, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 406–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2016.1213193.
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The World Wide Web (WWW) has become the largest repository of information in the world, providing a data stream that grows at the same time as the scope of the Internet does in society. As with most Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), its digital nature makes it easy for computer programs to analyze it and discover information. This is why it is being increasingly explored as a source of new indicators of technology, economics and development. Web-based indicators can be made available on a real-time basis, unlike delayed official data releases. In this paper, we examine the viability of monitoring firm export orientation from automatically retrieved web variables. Our focus on exports is consistent with the role of internationalization in economic development. To evaluate our approach, we first checked to what extent web variables are capable of predicting firm export orientation. Once these new variables are validated, their automated retrieval is assessed by comparing the predictive performance of two nowcast models: one considering the manually retrieved web variables, the other considering the automatically retrieved ones. Our results evidence that i) web-based variables are good predictors for firm export orientation, and ii) the process of extracting and analyzing such variables can be entirely automated with no significant loss of performance. This way, it is possible to nowcast not only the export orientation of a firm, but also of an economic sector or of a region.
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Lourenço, Diogo, and Mário Graça Moura. "Tony Lawson and the history of economic thought." Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, no. 5 (August 27, 2020): 991–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beaa030.
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Abstract Tony Lawson’s writings, including those in the history of economics, have an ontological orientation. Several scholars influenced by him likewise practice an ontologically oriented history of economic thought. However, the programme for this sort of history has not been explicitly articulated. In the present paper, we argue that Lawson’s The nature of heterodox economics contains implicitly an ontologically oriented programme in the history of economic thought. We also illustrate the achievements of this programme by reviewing the writings on the later Austrians by Lawson and his associates. Finally, we assess the programme and its achievements in the light of Lawson’s comments on the importance of doing social-scientific ontology and doing history of economic thought.
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Mubarak, Riyad, Eduardo Weide Luiz, and Gunther Seckmeyer. "Why PV Modules Should Preferably No Longer Be Oriented to the South in the Near Future." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 4528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234528.
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PV modules tilted and oriented toward east and west directions gain gradually more importance as an alternative to the presently-preferred south (north in the Southern Hemisphere) orientation and it is shown to become economically superior even under the reimbursement of feed-in tariff (FIT). This is a consequence of the increasing spread between the decreasing costs of self-consumed solar power and the costs for power from the grid. One-minute values of irradiance were measured by silicon sensors at different orientations and tilt angles in Hannover (Germany) over three years. We show that south-oriented collectors give the highest electrical power during the day, whereas combinations of east and west orientations (E-W) result in the highest self-consumption rate (SC), and combinations of southeast and southwest (SE-SW) orientations result in the highest degree of autarky (AD), although they reduce the yearly PV Power by 5–6%. Moreover, the economic analysis of PV systems without FIT shows that the SE-SW and E-W combinations have the lowest electricity cost and they are more beneficial in terms of internal rate of return (IRR), compared to the S orientation at the same tilt. For PV systems with FIT, the S orientation presently provides the highest transfer of money from the supplier. However, as a consequence of the continuing decline of FIT, the economic advantage of S orientation is decreasing. E-W and SE-SW orientations are more beneficial for the owner as soon as FIT decreases to 7 Ct/kWh. East and west orientations of PV modules do not only have benefits for the individual owner but avoid high costs for storing energy—regardless who would own the storage facilities—and by avoiding high noon peaks of solar energy production during sunny periods, which would become an increasing problem for the grid if more solar power is installed. Furthermore, two types of commonly used PV software (PVSOL and PVsyst) were used to simulate the system performance. The comparison with measurements showed that both PV software underestimate SC and AD for all studied orientations, leading to the conclusion that improvements are necessary in modelling.
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Kühne, Simon, Martin Kroh, and David Richter. "Comparing Self-Reported and Partnership-Inferred Sexual Orientation in Household Surveys." Journal of Official Statistics 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 777–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2019-0033.
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Abstract Research comparing heterosexuals with bisexuals and homosexuals in economics and the social sciences typically relies on two strategies to identify sexual orientation in existing survey data of general populations. Probing respondents to self-report their sexual orientation is generally considered the preferred option. Since self-reports are unavailable in most large multidisciplinary surveys, often researchers infer sexual orientation from the gender-constellation of a respondent’s partnership instead. Based on German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data, this article reviews both strategies empirically in the context of a household panel survey. The analysis shows that self-reported and partnership-inferred sexual orientation are not mutual substitutes, instead leading to substantively different conclusions about differences between heterosexuals and LGBs (Lesbian, Gays, and Bisexuals). The article discusses problems of non-coverage in partnership-inferred sexual orientation and also investigates measurement error in self-reported sexual orientation, finding notable mode and interviewer effects.
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Pratono, Aluisius Hery, Noviaty Kresna Darmasetiawan, Ananta Yudiarso, and Bok Gyo Jeong. "Achieving sustainable competitive advantage through green entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation." Bottom Line 32, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-10-2018-0045.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the role of the inter-organizational learning contributing in transforming the green entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation to the improvement of sustainable competitive advantages. Design/methodology/approach The structural equation model was established to explain the complex relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and sustainable competitive advantage. To test the hypothesis, this study used partial least square with data from a survey of 280 firms. Findings There is a strong tendency that the inter-organizational learning plays a pivotal role as an intervening variable that operates by receiving the input from green entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation, which plays as the exogenous construct. Hence, the greater inter-organizational learning leads the firms to achieve the greater sustainable competitive advantage. Originality/value This study extends the discussion on how organization should contribute to the well-being of the economic, social and environmental system by investigating the role of inter-organizational learning in achieving the sustainable competitive advantage.
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Čepelová, Slávka. "Quality of Life and Value Orientation." Lifelong Learning 6, no. 1 (2016): 26–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/lifele2016060126.
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Research contains data analysis obtained through two questionnaires – questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF 1996 about quality of life and a questionnaire for the detection of value orientation, attitude to the values and motivation to achievements (Values-Attitudes-Motiovation). According to obtained data statistic analysis of perceived quality of life by the respondents in general didn't significantly prove any differences between the arithmetic averages of individual groups and areas. None of the factors of value orientation shows negative data correlation with the factors of quality of life. By contrast, positive data correlation appeared in the evaluation of physical quality of life, mental quality of life, or in perception of social quality of life. Total score of quality of life shows positive correlation with educational and economic value orientation. Important findings are that respondents who subjectively see their quality of life as high have their values oriented towards educational and economic area. Since the correlation calculations do not show the direction of this relation, a reverse interpretation is also possible - the respondents with value oriented towards education, knowledge and economical relations, experiencea higher quality of their lives.
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Tsaritsentseva, O. P., and M. N. Chekhovskaya. "Social and Demographic Characteristics of the Women Focused on Career of Different Type." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-1-152-163.
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The article features the phenomenon of career in modern social and economic conditions. The research studied career orientations of the personality, e.g. its definitions and role in career planning. The authors proved the relevance of studies in career orientation for social and professional development of women. The empirical research involved career orientations of women with inclination to a certain type of career in the context of their social and demographic characteristics. The authors analyzed such social and demographic characteristics as age, qualifications, work experience, marital and parental status, occupation, the sphere of employment, and income level. The research revealed specific features of women characterized by domination of a certain career orientation type, i.e. horizontal, vertical, or conditions-oriented. 18– 21-year-old unmarried childless women appeared to be focused on vertical career, competition, overcoming, difficult tasks, etc. 22–35- year-old mothers were more likely to reveal orientation to the horizontal type of career planning. Divorcees and widows tended to be conditions-oriented. The obtained data can be used in career guidance.
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SHAN, Wei. "Post-materialism: What Divides Youth in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China." East Asian Policy 10, no. 03 (July 2018): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930518000302.
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Post-materialism is a value orientation that gives priority to freedom of expression and participation in public affairs over fulfilment of material needs such as economic and physical security. Youth in Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China have significantly different levels of post-materialist values, with Hong Kongers scoring the highest and Mainlanders the lowest. These differences have led to their different political orientations.
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Levinson, Paul. "The Missing Orientation." Religions 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12010016.
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Humans last walked on the Moon in 1972. We not only have gone no further with in-person expeditions to places off Planet Earth, we have not even been back to the Moon. The main motive for getting to the Moon back then, Cold War competition, may have subsided, but competition for economic and scientific advantage among nations has continued, and has failed to ignite further human exploration of worlds beyond our planet. Nor has the pursuit of science, and the pursuit of commerce and tourism, in their own rights. This essay explores those failures, and argues for the integration of a missing ingredient in our springboard to space: the desire of every human being to understand more of what we are doing in this universe, why we are here, our place and part in the cosmos. Although science may answer a part of this, the deepest parts are the basis of every religion. Although the answers provided by different religions may differ profoundly, the orientation of every religion is to shed some light on what part we play in this universe. This orientation, which also can be called a sense of wonder, may be precisely what has been missing, and just what is needed, to at last extend our humanity beyond this planet on a permanent basis.
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Chandra, Yanto. "A rhetoric-orientation view of social entrepreneurship." Social Enterprise Journal 12, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 161–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-02-2016-0003.
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Purpose This paper aims to extend the understanding of the ways in which social entrepreneurs give sense to and legitimize their work by introducing a rhetoric-orientation view of social entrepreneurship (SE). Design/methodology/approach This study uses computer-aided text analysis and computational linguistics to study 191 interviews of social and business entrepreneurs. It offers validation and exploration of new concepts pertaining to the rhetoric orientations of SE. Findings This study confirms prior untested assumptions that the rhetoric of social entrepreneurs is more other, stakeholder engagement and justification-oriented and less self-oriented than the rhetoric of business entrepreneurs. It also confirms that the rhetoric of both types of entrepreneurs is equally economically oriented. Originality/value This research makes new contribution to the SE literature by introducing three new orientations, namely, solution, impact and geographical, which reflect distinctive rhetorical themes used by social entrepreneurs, and by revealing that social entrepreneurs use terms associated with other, stakeholder engagement, justification, economic, solution, impact and geographical orientations differently than business entrepreneurs.