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Dochia, Silviu. "Essays in institutions, economic policy and development." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2999.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 103. Thesis director: Richard E. Wagner. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 30, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-102). Also issued in print.
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Škropeková, Andrea. "The Economic Rationale for Industrial Policy in Developing Countries." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-135906.
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The role of the government in an industrialization process of developing countries is highly debated. The opinions of scholars diverge. Proponents of extensive government involvement claim that it is a key to sustainable development, while opponents see it as an obstacle to it. The goal of my thesis is to analyze what consequences has had the reduction in the weight of the State in economies of developing countries, especially in Kenya. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one talks about an evolution of industrial policies in the developing countries. Since the end of colonialism, import substitution had become a dominant pro development strategy in most developing countries, but in 1980s it was substituted by the structural adjustment programmes (SAPs). Those two sets of development strategies are described and assessed in this part. The second part of the thesis is a case study of Kenya. In this part I describe and assess industrialization policies of Kenyan government, analyze a change of its economic freedom since an adoption of SAPs and an influence of an increase in economic freedom on industrialization and social welfare.
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Maeoka, Masao. "Japanese local economic development and industrial restructuring." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21699.
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Hollstein, Till Ferdinand. "Essays on Industrial Policy, Structural Change, and International Trade." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663253.
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The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the impact of patterns of trade on the structural composition of an economy. We show that trade affects an economy’s productivity by shifting labor across broad sectors and reallocating resources across firms within sectors.
In the first chapter, we examine how the introduction of a labor subsidy in the manufacturing sector affects manufacturing employment in a Ricardian trade model. Furthermore, the trade-off between subsidy distortions, dynamic productivity gains in the manufacturing sector and gains from trade are examined. We derive a critical labor subsidy. If a labor subsidy is larger than this critical subsidy, TFP growth in the manufacturing sector is higher than in the agricultural sector and the economy industrializes. Accelerated TFP growth can outweigh the welfare reducing distortions of labor subsidies in the long run.
In the second chapter, we investigate the role of quality of traded goods. We analyze a U.S. import data set and show that firms within a sector may find it profitable to export different quality levels and the quality of exported goods is bimodally distributed within these sectors. We address these results by extending the standard heterogeneous firms trade model with endogenous intermediate input quality choice and assuming that there exists quality complementarity between a firm’s capability and their choice of intermediate input quality.
In the third chapter, we examine the interrelationship between patterns of trade and premature deindustrialization. We develop a multi-sector two-economy model that allows for inter- and intra- industry trade and find an additional channel through which a developing economy may deindustrialize. Manufacturing production requires intermediate inputs that must be imported from high-income economies. The foreign technology embodied in those inputs reduces the relative price of manufactured goods over services. This effect is independent of trade openness in the manufacturing sector.
Summarizing, the thesis emphasizes the role of international trade on economic growth, structural composition, and firm selection and studies the consequences of their interdependence.
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Chiu, Mei-ling Connie. "Hong Kong competitiveness in research and development management : toward economic synergy with China /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18832908.
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Rivett-Carnac, Kate. "Local economic development, industrial policy and sustainable development in South Africa : a critical reflection on three new policy frameworks." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/945.
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Nonato, Daiane Gabriela Paulo. "Economic development, industrial policy and macrologistic infrastructure : a reflection on the Brazilian model." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16124.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO desenvolvimento econÃmico do Brasil tem como um dos principais pilares as aÃÃes de polÃtica industrial que propulsionam investimentos em infraestrutura macrologÃstica e tornam o paÃs mais competitivo. A economia brasileira viveu um significativo crescimento no perÃodo do âmilagre econÃmicoâ, nos fim dos anos 60 e com a implantaÃÃo do II PND, em 1974. PorÃm, esta estratÃgia foi adotada a custo de um endividamento externo que inviabilizou sua continuaÃÃo. Em 1980 a preocupaÃÃo da economia brasileira com o ajustamento da contas nacionais e exterior foi priorizada, entrando em um perÃodo de fraco crescimento e de recessÃo nos investimentos em infraestrutura macrologÃstica, que se seguiu atà o fim dos anos 90, com as polÃticas de estabilizaÃÃo. PorÃm, estes investimentos foram retomados na dÃcada seguinte de forma parcial com a chegada do novo governo, atravÃs da implantaÃÃo de estratÃgias de PolÃtica Industrial, principalmente com o Programa de AceleraÃÃo do Crescimento (PAC). No entanto, estas inversÃes pÃblicas estÃo declinando e como forma de conter esta mudanÃa o governo se utiliza de duas medidas para estimular novas inversÃes: o sistema de concessÃes e a desvinculaÃÃo dos investimentos em infraestrutura nacional do superÃvit primÃrio brasileiro. A economia chinesa como parÃmetro, utilizada na pesquisa, surge para apresentar a estratÃgia de um paÃs que preferiu utilizar polÃticas expansionistas de investimentos contÃnuos, resultando em um desenvolvimento econÃmico robusto. A pesquisa à elaborada atravÃs do mÃtodo qualitativo e descritivo.
Brazil's economic development has as one of the main pillars of industrial pol icy actions that propel investment Macrologistic infrastructure and make the country more competitive. The Brazilian economy has seen significant growth in the period of "economic miracle" in the late '60s and the implementation of the Second National Deve lopment Plan in 1974. However, this strategy was adopted at the cost of an external debt which prevented its continuation. In 1980 the concern of the Brazilian economy with the adjustment of domestic and overseas accounts was prioritized, entering a period of weak growth and recession in investments in Macrologistic infrastructure that followed until the end of the 90s, with the stabilization policies. However, the study presents the partial resumption of public investment from the 2000s with the arrival of the new government, through the actions of Industrial Policy, as the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC). To this end, the research methodology is qualitative and descriptive. In this sense, the research concludes that these investments are declining and in order to contain this change the government uses two measures: the system of concessions and the untying of investments in national infrastructure of Brazil's primary surplus. The Chinese economy as a parameter used in the research, appears to present the strategy of a country that has followed a line of expansionary policies with continuous investments during the last fifty years, resulting in a robust economic development
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Wan, Ho Yin Adrian, and 溫浩然. "A critical analysis of the role of the state in economic development of East Asia: the case studies of Taiwan andJapan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953281.
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Blacque-Belair, Pascal. "Industrial strategies and economic development : the case of South Korea." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63163.
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Delmar, Clare E. "The interindustry structure of Ireland, 1956-1982 : implications for economic development and industrial policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73275.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 106-110.
by Clare E. Delmar.
M.C.P.
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Wan, Ho Yin Adrian. "A critical analysis of the role of the state in economic development of East Asia : the case studies of Taiwan and Japan /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425751.
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Chui, Shuk-yee. "A comparative study of the role of state : big business relationship in economic development in Japan and Korea /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21241041.
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Veloso, Francisco 1969. "Local content requirements and industrial development : economic analysis and cost modeling of the automotive supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29601.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology, Management, and Policy Program, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-216).
This dissertation addresses the issue of performance standards in developing nations, focusing on the role of local content requirements. It proposes a theoretical framework to understand the impact of this policy on the decisions of firms and the welfare of the domestic economy, and offers a methodology to apply the analysis to the context of the automotive supply chain. The central conclusion of the thesis relates to the existence of a gap between private and social opportunity returns and costs, an aspect that has been overlooked by previous literature. In a developing country, resources employed by foreign investors and their local suppliers often generate spillovers and learning effects that are not accounted for in the valuations of private economic agents. This creates an externality-from-entry, whereby positive economic effects of new domestic suppliers are overlooked in the sourcing decision of the foreign firm. This dissertation proposes a model to illustrate how this gap between social and private valuations justifies the enactment of domestic content requirements, which become welfare enhancing. The analysis also reveals that content requirements are a preferable policy to tariffs and subsidies as a means to increase domestic purchases and discusses the use of subsidies and requirements as incentive mechanisms to align firm decisions with government objectives. A case study of the automotive industry, where content restriction policies are extremely active, is used to demonstrate the applicability of the model. This entailed the development of a new methodology, called Systems Cost Modeling (SCM), which uses simple metrics and rules to build bottom-up cost structures where estimates for large number of components have to be considered. Detailed empirical data from a particular car is then used to build a sourcing cost structure.
(cont.) These costs are integrated with the domestic content model to show how, for existing market and policy conditions; there can be value to the enactment of modest levels of domestic content requirements in the auto industry. It also explains that the impact of the policy is very sensitive to project characteristics and that this should be factored into national decisions.
by Francisco Veloso.
Ph.D.
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Chiu, Mei-ling Connie, and 趙美玲. "Hong Kong competitiveness in research and development management: toward economic synergy with China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267907.
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Chui, Shuk-yee, and 崔淑儀. "A comparative study of the role of state: bigbusiness relationship in economic development in Japan and Korea." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951958.
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Lam, Danny Kin-Kong Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Explaining economic development; a case study of state policies towards the computer and electronics industry in Taiwan (1960-80)." Ottawa, 1992.
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M'Shanga, Mayase Chituwa Simone. "Industrial policy, economic growth and unemployment in the wake of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis: The Zambian perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27445.
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This paper investigates the extent to which the 2008 - 2009 financial crisis impacted economic growth and employment in developing countries, with Zambia as the entity of focus. It further examines the industrial policy strategies employed by the country before, during and after the crisis and whether they have been effective in shielding the country from exogenous shocks and creating sustainable employment opportunities. This provides a unique perspective by evaluating policy responses to external shocks while monitoring the key economic variables highlighted. It draws from conceptual ideas and previous research around the evolution of financial crises and industrial policy, evaluating the manner in which the effects of the former, originating from financial markets in developed economies, trickle down to developing nations with no solid roots in international financial markets. Furthermore, it assesses the application of the latter concept and its ability to preserve and support sustainable economic development. The paper presents an exploratory case study analysis of Zambia which has been negatively affected by the financial crisis to a large extent due to number of vulnerabilities that leave the country exposed. The findings suggest that industrial policy in itself cannot fully insulate developing countries from the dynamic and unpredictable external environment. However, there are a number of policy considerations that can be made, highlighted as concluding recommendations, to support the growth of the economy and mitigate against the impact of inevitable external shocks. It is important to note that each developing country case is unique to itself but generalised findings can still be comparable to other countries that share some fundamental demographic similarities.
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Guimar??es, Alexandre Queiroz. "Institutions, state capacity and economic development: the political economy of import substitution industrialisation in Brazil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FJP, 2003. http://www.repositorio.fjp.mg.gov.br/handle/123456789/455.
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Funda????o Jo??o Pinheiro
Ind??stria
This thesis deals with the determinants and limits of the process of import substitution industrialisation which took place in Brazil from 1930 to 1980. A first important objective is to understand the direction given to the process of industrialisation and the consequent pattern of policy making. Secondly, the thesis asks why the Brazilian state, a key agent in the process of industrialisation, was notable to adopt certain measures and to go in certain directions which could have produced a more solid and sustainable process of economic development. Key attention is given to the concepts of state capacity and the developmental state. The concern with state capacity justifies a careful analysis of industrial policy, undertaken for the capital goods sector in the 1970s. In addition, the thesis is also centred on a comparative analysis. Through the experience of other countries, I intend to highlight the contribution of certain institutional factors to the path of economic development in Brazil. As a conclusion, the thesis shows how institutional factors, e.g. the result of peripheral international insertion and the organisation of social forces and of the state apparatus, constrained the capacity of the Brazilian state to replicate the results achieved by the developmental states in Japan and Korea. The study of the capital goods sector shows this in detail, emphasising the negative effects of divisions inside the state and the resistance of social groups on the coherence and the achievements of Brazilian industrial policy. An important conclusion is that the success of a substantial process of industrial transformation, which affects the interests of several economic groups, demands the construction of a strong coalition able to increase the government???s basis of support. This was an important deficiency of the military government, whose form of domination disregarded the relevance of such political mechanisms.
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Oh, Changgyun. "Labor control and economic development in South Korea, 1961-1979 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737890.
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Doman, Jennifer L. "Leveraging lean process improvement methodology to promote economic and environmental sustainability : obstacles and opportunities /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/4871.
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Racsa, Patrick N. Pham Van Hoang. "Measurement of total factor productivity growth in countries with high rates of structural change." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5191.
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Hall, Scott W. "ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ETHANOL BIOREFINERIES IN THE U.S. MIDWEST FROM 2001 TO 2015: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/76.
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The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the economic impact of newly operational ethanol biorefineries on rural counties in the U.S. Midwest region for the period 2001 to 2015 using a quasi-experimental approach. Rapid growth in the ethanol industry expanded the number of ethanol plants located in the U.S. Midwest from 54 in 2001 to 173 in 2015. Out of the counties with 119 new ethanol biorefineries, 97 counties met the general treatment criteria defined in this dissertation, but only 56 of those counties qualified for the rural treatment criteria. Counties with ethanol biorefineries that qualified for treatment were organized into a treated group based on county level data. Six counterfactual control groups (or control counties without ethanol biorefineries) were contemporaneously matched to the treated counties based on the Mahalanobis distance metric evaluated on a set of 29 selection variables. Matching occurred on two levels. In the first level, matching was performed both for the in-state level and over the entire Midwest region. In the second level, three criteria were used to select the final control groups: Mahalanobis distance metric best match, population best match, and rural-urban continuum codes (RUCC) best match.
Economic impact is evaluated based on the growth rate in real per capita earnings for the treated group over a period from one to five years after treatment relative to the control group. A difference-in-differences (DID) model is used to assess the significance of results where the dependent variable is the natural log of real per capita earnings and a set of control variables is used to capture state fixed effects, time fixed effects and spillover effects. Empirical results evaluated against a representative Midwest control group and over six regression models adjusting for various fixed effects produced, on average, one-sided significant results for average treatment on the treated (ATOT) with a (min, max) range of growth rates as (5.53%-7.63%), (10.0%-12.0%), (14.7%-19.6%), (14.5%-18.3%), and (13.3%-18.9%) from one to five years after treatment, respectively. The minimum value of these estimates can be represented as an uncorrected average annual growth rate as 2.75%, 3.33%, 3.68%, 2.90%, and 2.22% over the respective period from one to five years after treatment. Employment levels for the treated group increased on average by 211 at the county level five years after treatment. A comparative Midwest control group lost, on average, 169 jobs over the five year period after treatment. A treated county employment multiplier calculated using the direct, indirect and induced employment impacts varied from 1.46 during the year of treatment to 7.6 five years after treatment relative to the control group. Five years after treatment, the treated group employment rate gradually increased, on average, by 2.2% which was better than either of the two counterfactual control groups used in this comparison.
Overall, the analysis presented in this dissertation does show statistically significant positive economic impacts, on average, for rural U.S. Midwest counties with newly operational ethanol biorefineries relative to control counties without an ethanol biorefinery. These results demonstrate that the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) contributed to positive rural economic development impacts in treated counties with the possibility of spillover effects positively affecting contiguous counties.
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Chien, Shiuh-Shen. "Policy innovation, asymmetric decentralization and local economic development in post-Mao China : case studies of China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park and Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1929/.
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The Chinese government's economic reforms over the last couple of decades have led to rapid economic growth for the country. However, many empirical studies on the post-Mao China show that the economic transition towards market economy is in large part actually propelled by active local governments, which are encouraged to make policy innovations in order to promote better local economic development. This thesis aims to offer an understanding on how, why and under what circumstances the local governments of post-Mao China - while still controlled by a one-party communist regime- are able to make policy innovations to deal with business operating under market transition conditions. Theoretically, the phenomenon of local policy innovation can be analyzed with a framework involving three dimensions. First, local policy innovation can be seen to take place in order to respond to challenges presented by the changing macro development environments. Second, local policy innovation can be understood as a consequence of changing responsibilities and competencies between central and local governments. Third, local policy innovation may be related to the dynamics of local-central strategic interactions. Empirically, with the contextual approach as its chosen methodology, this theoretical framework is applied to two successful cases of innovation in Jiangsu province within the Yangtze Delta of post-Mao China: Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone (KETZ); and China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park (CSSIP). The history of these two national development zones identifies the former as a case of a 'locally initiated project' while the latter represents an example of 'local implementation of a centrally initiated project'. In terms of types of local-central dynamic interaction, 'state- intention to tolerate', 'ex-post state endorsement', and 'ex-ante state adoption' were seen sequentially in the case of KETZ, while 'marginalizing the local', 'local obedience', and 'local flexibility' operated simultaneously in the case of CSSIP. The thesis concludes that in post-Mao China significant local policy innovations were able to take place when localities encountered structural changes, including China's reengaging with globalization, changing local-central relations, and serious territorial competition. Actions of local policy innovations were ignited by agents, across scales, whose self-interests were highly involved in local economic development in the context of asymmetric decentralization. More specifically, in the post-Mao China context of economic decentralization to the local combined with political centralization under the party, career-minded local officials utilized their decentralized 'economic resources' to strive for more development, which in turn became their 'political capital' with the upper-level government to get themselves promoted.
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Hyry, Martti. "Industrial growth and development in Northern Finland : the case of Oulu 1970-2002." Thesis, Coventry University, 2004. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/b3620f51-5b98-2b18-5c28-000644451ac4/1.
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This thesis explores the reason why the region of Northern Ostrobothnia and in particular the city of Oulu became known as the High Tech capital of the Nordic countries during the 1980s and 1990s. After World War II, the region’s economy was dependent upon its traditional industries of forestry, wood processing, pulp and paper manufacturing and to a lesser degree on iron and steel manufacture. In common with other parts of Northern Finland, Northern Ostrobothnia suffered from high unemployment, low educational standards, outwards migration and below average standards of living and life expectancy. Aware of these problems, the national government in Helsinki embarked on a series of measures to improve this situation. First and foremost, a university was established in Oulu and its first three faculties were teacher training, medicine and engineering. The university was charged with the specific tasks of educating and conducting research to benefit the economy of Northern Finland. It was realised that economic changes were essential and attempts were made to build an electronics industry in the region to make it less dependent on natural resources. To facilitate economic developments, infrastructural improvements were made and branches of VTT and Tekes were established in Oulu. A key factor here was the government realisation that decision-making for improvements in the region should and would be devolved to the local authorities. That was the opportunity for the city of Oulu to seize initiative, and in concert with the University and a group of local entrepreneurs, to set up a Technology Park, Technopolis, in 1982 at Linnanmaa beside both the university and VTT. These small beginnings provided the foundations for sectors such as electronics, computer software, telecommunications and biotechnology sectors to emerge gradually, so that by the year 2000 there were nearly 12,000 high tech jobs in the area. A crucial addition to this development in the long term was the arrival of Nokia to Oulu. At first Nokia concentrated on cable technology and base stations, but once it diversified into telecommunications and built up partnerships with local firms a clearly-defined high tech cluster became visible. Within the cluster, there is significant cooperation between the relevant New Technology Based Firms (NTBFs), Nokia and the local educational and research establishments. The outcome, at the time of writing, is that Oulu has gained a world reputation as an innovative centre of high technology, and it is the circumstances behind this reputation that the remainder of this thesis seeks to investigate.
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Eriksson, Marie-Louise. "Organising regional innovation support : Sweden's Industrial Development Centres as regional development coalitions /." Linköping : Department of Technology and Social Change, Linköping University, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/arts326s.pdf.
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Gwaindepi, Abel. "The developmental state, social policy and social compacts: a comparative policy analysis of the South African case." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013278.
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The history of economic thought is ‘flooded’ with neo-classical accounts despite the fact that neoclassical economics did not occupy history alone. This has caused the discourses on ‘lost alternatives’ to be relegated as the deterministic ‘straight line’ neo-classical historical discourses are elevated. Globally hegemonic neo-classical discourse aided this phenomenon as it served to subordinate any counterhegemonic local discursive processes towards alternatives. This study is premised on the theme of non-neoclassical ‘lost alternatives’ using the post-apartheid South Africa as a case study. Emerging from the apartheid regime, the impetus towards non-neoclassical redistributive policies was strong in South Africa but this did not gain traction as the ANC’s ‘growth through redistribution’ was replaced by globally hegemonic discourse which favoured ‘redistribution through growth’. This thesis postulates the idea of two waves of ‘internal’ discursive formations; capturing the transition to democracy up to 1996 as the first wave and the period from 2005 to about 2009 as the second wave. The developmental state paradigm (DSP) emerged as the central heterodox paradigm with ideas such as industrial policy, welfare, and social dialogue/compacts being main elements. The DSP was expressly chosen in the early 1990s, the first period of strong internal discursive formation, but faded as neo-classical policies, epitomised through GEAR, dominated the policy space. The DSP discourse gained vitality in the second wave of internal discursive formation (2005-2009) and it was associated with the subsequent Zuma’s administration. The study illustrates that the DSP has failed to be fully developed into a practical framework but remained only at rhetorical level with the phrase ‘developmental state’ inserted into government policy documents and documents of ANC as a ruling party. The thesis further illustrates that the DSP fared well ideologically because of its inclination to the ideology of ‘developmentalism’ tended to trump any socialist inclined policies such as a generous welfare regime. The thesis rebuts the notion of the DSP in South Africa which has only been amorphously developed with the phrase ‘developmental state’ becoming a mere buzzword. The thesis argues that the DSP in the 21st century is much more complex and the growing ‘tertiarisation’ of the economy makes the Social Democratic Paradigm SDP’s capability centric approach much more relevant for South Africa. The study goes further to argue that a (SDP) is much more suitable alternative for addressing South African colonial/apartheid legacies and consolidation of democracy.
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Hauge, Jostein. "African industrial policy in an era of expanding global value chains : the case of Ethiopia's textile and leather industries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273722.
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Throughout the history of capitalism, the process of industrialisation has been recognised as the engine of economic development. No region in the world ‘suffers’ more acutely from a lack of industrialisation than Africa, clearly highlighting the need for industrial policy. However, the formulation of such policies is not straightforward in the current era of globalised production. In recent years, a debate has taken hold over whether the geographical expansion and increased fragmentation of production networks—often referred to as the expansion of global value chains (GVCs)—calls for new approaches to industrial policy in developing countries. By drawing on the case of Ethiopia, this dissertation demonstrates that industrial policy in developing countries needs no new ‘magic bullet’ in the era of expanding GVCs. The dissertation applies a funnelling technique, meaning that each chapter builds on information presented and arguments made in the preceding chapters. Chapter 2 contextualises the importance of manufacturing and industrial policy for economic development in Africa. The chapter argues that the manufacturing sector continues to play an integral role in the process of economic development, and discusses the role of the state in the process of industrialisation, arguing that there are strong justifications for intervention through industrial policy. Chapter 3 looks at how the expansion of GVCs affects the productive structures of developing countries, particularly those in Africa, and asks if industrial policy has to change in this new global production environment. I argue that the fundamental problems of participating in GVCs are the same as when countries like South Korea and Taiwan industrialised between 1960 and 1990, although on a different scale. Chapter 4 analyses Ethiopia’s industrialisation trajectory and GVC-oriented industrial policies in the textile and leather industries. This analysis is based on 6 months of fieldwork in Ethiopia, where I carried out several interviews with stakeholders in the private and public sector and collected and collated datasets on industrial performance in collaboration with government agencies. While the findings of this chapter make an original empirical contribution to explaining the specific case of Ethiopia, the insights provided by the analysis offer broader conceptual conclusions as well.
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Browning-Aiken, Anne. "The transformation of Mexican copper miners: The dynamics of social agency and mineral policy as economic development tools." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289205.
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Since the copper boom of the late nineteenth century, mining companies have been riding "the copper roller coaster." The well being of miners and their families appears to be tied to international market forces beyond their control. This dissertation uses a case study of miners in Cananea, Sonora, to analyze the relationships between changes in Mexican mineral policy from 1960 to 1998 and Mexico's economic connections with the United States. It employs Immanuel Wallerstein's framework of a world-system linked through hegemonic relationships between a core country, a semiperiphery and periphery (C-SP-P), and looks at the economic and political circumstances under which shifts in this system occur. Within this world-system Kondratieff waves are used to depict periods of stagnation and growth. Policy changes are reflected in economic cycles, and policy also shapes copper extraction, production and marketing. Until the 1970s American multinational corporations under privatization extracted surplus copper from Sonora as a peripheral region. However, once Mexico embarked on a policy of nationalization of the mineral industry (1971-1989), the country intentionally delinked from the U.S. In 1990 the Cananea mine was again privatized as part of Mexico's economic restructuring, with production directed toward international markets. Policy changes are evaluated in terms of Mexican development and the well being of the miners. This analysis is based upon the concept of articulation between capitalist modes of production within the world-system. The concept "articulation" includes confrontations and alliances between classes within each region or country as well as the relations between the C-SP-P. In particular, the miners use political linkages with the national union to defend their interests. However, with economic restructuring and privatization in the 1980s and 1990s, the government-labor alliance is supplanted by government-business alliance, and labor conflict and workforce transformation result. Policy turnovers influence everyday practices in gender relations as families face economic crises. Miners' wives form a political front to support their husbands' struggles with the company and to maintain access to potable water. Furthermore, attitudes toward environmental resource use are caught between maintaining the miners' job source and securing a safe and reliable source of water for the region.
29
Bozkirlioglu, Ali. "Cluster Potential In Industrial Sectors Of Samsun: Kutlukent Furniture Cluster Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605603/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The present study investigated whether cluster potentials could be identified in the geographical area within the boundaries of Samsun province, and if identified, how such a potential could be promoted through corresponding support measures. Development of policy recommendations for promotion of identified cluster potential was the principal goal of the study. The course of the study was characterized by a cluster-based policy-making process in the policy environment, i.e. Samsun province. The process includes a descriptive part, i.e. cluster analysis, and a prescriptive part, i.e. determining policy goals and designing policy instruments. In the literature review, a guide to the field study was developed by review of various approaches to cluster conceptcommon features of clusters and the competitive advantages these give rise to
various practices in cluster-based policy development, and various cluster analysis methods. The field study starts with the initial identification of need for policy intervention, at which stage the rationale for pursuing a cluster-based policy in the specific conditions of Samsun and Turkey was discussed. The &ldquo
clusters as sectors&rdquo
approach was utilized in the identification of region&rsquo
s (potential) clusters and selection of the cluster as the subject of analysis and policy development. The analysis of industrial sectors in Samsun&rsquo
s economy was followed by selection of the target sector via employing various criteria assessing the importance of these sectors in terms of value added to the regional economy, and the clustering potential. Accordingly, furniture sector was selected, and the agglomeration of furniture sector enterprises in Kutlukent locality was identified as the potential cluster to be the subject of analysis and policy development. Following the identification of the potential cluster, the descriptive part was completed by second-stage micro-level analysis of the identified potential cluster, by which detailed information about the potential cluster was presented. At that phase, cluster potential of the structure was assessed by examining the elements in cluster value and production chain
public and private business support infrastructure
the flow of materials and goods in the chain
untraded relationships between the elements
characteristics of enterprises and workforce
and innovation performance. This comprehensive in-depth analysis of the cluster provided the required information to identify the specific needs of the cluster for cluster-based policy intervention. In the last part of the thesis, i.e. prescriptive part, cluster-oriented policy recommendations were developed including the determination of policy goal and the design/selection of policy instruments. The necessary information was collected by two-stage expert interviews, and by overall scan of the enterprises involved in the cluster via enterprise survey, which was realized in interviews with all of the enterprises. Six experts and 283 enterprises participated in the study. The results of the analysis showed that, while Kutlukent furniture cluster had some features, which are common in effective cluster models, the cluster lacks some critical features, which are crucial for effective functioning of a successful cluster. Hence, Kutlukent furniture cluster was defined as a &ldquo
potential&rdquo
cluster, which should be promoted by utilizing the existing potentials and strengths, and by addressing the weaknesses and obstacles identified in the analysis of the cluster, via appropriate cluster-oriented policy measures, which were proposed in the prescriptive part of the policy-making process. By these measures, the elements of Kutlukent potential cluster would be able to realize competitive advantages associated with clustering as in successful cluster models.
30
Li, Jingjing. "An evaluation of the development of rural enterprises in China since 1978." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
The central government has attached great importance to the development of rural enterprises in China. As a result, rural enterprises have developed rapidly and become an important part of the national economy. The primary aim of this study was to examine how public policy has influenced the development of rural enterprises. The changes in public policy since 1978 did play a positive role in developing rural enterprises. These positive roles have been manifested in the ideological base of policy, financial and tax policies, improving management and technological strategy.
31
Fleury, Fernando Leme. "Investimentos em infraestrutura como instrumento de política industrial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-27032009-113110/.
Full textAbstract:
As mudanças na eficiência relativa de setores produtivos ao longo do tempo direcionam a reorganização de atividades econômicas entre países desenvolvidos e emergentes. Essas mudanças resultam de dois movimentos complementares. Primeiro, o desenvolvimento setorial autônomo, decorrente da combinação de acumulação de capital físico e humano, eficiência transacional e curva de aprendizagem. O segundo movimento refere-se a choques exógenos, produzidos por inovações tecnológicas ou por intervenções autônomas do setor público. Tais intervenções, que alteram de forma planejada a dinâmica das trajetórias setoriais, são denominadas de política industrial. Por sua importância para o crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico, constituem o objeto de análise deste trabalho. A análise de investimentos em infraestrutura como instrumento de política industrial é desenvolvida em três etapas. Na primeira etapa propomos a estruturação de um modelo de organização epistemológica em política industrial a partir das relações instrumentoobjetivo. Com base na sistematização das principais linhas de pesquisa, utilizamos este modelo para estabelecer a vinculação normativa entre investimentos em infraestrutura e instrumentos de política industrial. Em complemento, o modelo permite posicionar a metodologia de pesquisa por meio da combinação entre modelos teóricos positivos e testes econométricos. Na segunda etapa desenvolvemos o vínculo teórico, fundamentado em um arcabouço hipotético-dedutivo, para estabelecer as condições nas quais investimentos em infraestrutura influenciam as trajetórias de crescimento e de comércio exterior de diferentes setores. Este arcabouço combina duas categorias de modelos. Seguindo a metodologia de Aschauer (1989), utilizamos variações de modelos de crescimento de Solow (1956), considerando investimentos em infraestrutura tanto como acúmulo de capital quanto como choque tecnológico, para avaliar seus impactos sobre dinâmicas setoriais. Combinamos esses modelos com os de Frankel e Romer (1999) para avaliar esses investimentos sob a ótica teórica do comércio internacional, desta forma criando o vínculo entre investimentos em infraestrutura e competitividade setorial. A terceira etapa estabelece o vínculo empírico entre investimentos em infraestrutura e objetivos da política industrial, testando as predições teóricas por meio de diferentes especificações de modelos de dados em painel aplicados a uma amostra de 85 países no período de 1960 a 2005. No plano do crescimento econômico, a produção per capita em diferentes setores é regredida em relação a investimentos em infraestrutura, mediante o uso de variáveis de controle tradicionais. No plano do comércio internacional, a variável dependente é a participação setorial na balança comercial; no plano tecnológico, a variável dependente é a produtividade do trabalho; e no plano social, a variável dependente é a equidade na distribuição de renda. Os testes empíricos indicam que investimentos em infraestrutura produzem um impacto positivo e estatisticamente relevante no crescimento de longo prazo do produto interno per capita, especialmente em economias em desenvolvimento. Avaliando setorialmente os resultados, esses investimentos geram aceleração expressiva e robusta no setor de serviços e menor aceleração no setor industrial. No setor agrícola, investimentos em infraestrutura auxiliam na sustentação do padrão histórico de crescimento. No plano tecnológico, investimentos em infraestrutura apresentaram efeitos expressivos sobre a produtividade marginal do trabalho na indústria, efeitos menores sobre a produtividade marginal do trabalho no setor de serviços, não indicando efeitos sobre a produtividade marginal do setor agrícola. Dentre os segmentos que compõem o setor de infraestrutura, verificamos que as telecomunicações atuam mais fortemente como instrumento indutor de crescimento econômico, indicando que esse segmento representa um instrumento de política industrial. Não foram encontradas evidências de que os segmentos de rodovias e geração de energia elétrica exerçam o mesmo papel do setor de telecomunicações. No plano do comércio internacional, os investimentos em infraestrutura não se mostraram relevantes na identificação de tendências de longo prazo. No plano social, investimentos em infraestrutura apresentaram efeitos relevantes na redução das desigualdades de renda. A composição das três etapas normativa, teórica e empírica, sugere que investimentos em infraestrutura podem produzir resultados relevantes de acordo com os objetivos propostos pela política econômica, materializando-se em importante instrumento a ser considerado no âmbito da administração pública.The changes in the relative efficiency of economic sectors are drivers of the redistribution of economic activities between developing and developed countries. These changes are the result of two complementary factors. The first factor is the autonomous development of industry efficiency as a result of physical and human capital accumulation, transactional efficiency and learning curve. The second factor accounts for exogenous impacts produced by disruptive technologies and, mainly, by public sector interventions. Those interventions are, in a broad sense, denominated industrial policy and constitute the focus of the research. Such interventions, that change in a planned manner the dynamics of the sectors, are called industrial policy. For their importance for growth and economic development, they constitute the focus of this work. The analysis of investments in infrastructure as a tool of industrial policy is developed in three stages. In the first stage we structure an epistemological model of organization in industrial policy from the instrument-objectives relationships. Based on the systematization of the main fields of research, we use this model to establish the normative link between investments in infrastructure and industrial policy instruments. In addition, the model allows positioning the research methodology through the combination of positive models and generalizable empirical tests. In the second stage we develop the theoretical link, based on a hypothetical-deductive framework in order to establish the conditions under which investments in infrastructure affect the growth and foreign trade trajectories in different sectors. This framework combines two categories of models. Following the methodology of Aschauer (1989), we use variations of models of growth of Solow (1956), considering investments in infrastructure as much as accumulation of capital and technological shocks to assess its impacts on sectors dynamics. Further, we combine this effort with models by Frankel and Romer (1999) to evaluate these investments from the perspective of international trade theory, thus creating the link between investments in infrastructure and sector competitiveness. The third stage provides the empirical link between investments in infrastructure and industrial policy objectives, testing the theoretical predictions by using different specifications of data panel models applied to a sample of 85 countries covering period from 1960 to 2005. In terms of economic growth, the per capita production in different sectors is regressed against investments in infrastructure, using traditional control variables. In terms of international trade, the dependent variable used in the model is the participation of each sector in trade balance of a country. On the technological framework, the dependent variable is labor productivity and finally, the social objectives are tested using the fairness in the income distribution as the dependent variable. The empirical tests suggest that the infrastructure projects have a positive and statistically significant impact on long-term growth of GDP per capita, what is especially relevant for developing economies. Evaluating the results for different sectors, these investments generate significant and robust acceleration in the services sector and smaller acceleration in the industrial sector. In agriculture, investments in infrastructure help support the historical growth pattern. Considering technology, investment in infrastructure had significant effects on the marginal productivity of labor in industry, weaker effects on the labor marginal productivity in the service sector and indicated no effects on the labor marginal productivity of the agricultural sector. Among the components of the infrastructure sector, telecommunications act more strongly as an inducer of economic growth, indicating that this is an instrument of industrial policy. In terms of international trade, investments in infrastructure were not relevant to identify long run trends. In the social framework, investment in infrastructure had relevant effects in reducing income inequalities. The composition of the three stages - normative, theoretical and empirical, suggests that investments in infrastructure can produce relevant results, according to the objectives proposed by the economic policy. Investments in infrastructure can also be materialized in an important public policy instrument.
32
Gurellier, Ozlem. "Design Of A Performance Measurement Model For Industrial Clusters In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612793/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the advantages and dominance of globalization in today&rsquos world economics
clusters, as a regional based development tool, still attract many researchers and policy makers from all over the world in order to obtain sustainable competitiveness. As a result of fast rising number of cluster development policies and initiatives, the importance of measuring the performance of clusters arises. The purpose of this thesis is to design a performance measurement model, which will be applied to industrial clusters in Turkey. A model framework is developed, based on expected outcomes of clusters which are classified as productivity, innovativeness, new business formations and social capital. Indicators are selected based on extensive literature survey under these four determinants, and a scorecard is developed. After the design phase, the performance of two cluster cases from Turkey is studied. In order to improve clustering approach, it is important to monitor, measure identify the progress of clusters. It is believed that this work will be utile for policy makers to identify whether the interventions, incentives and promotions are beneficial for the desired purposes and whether they are used effectively.
33
Mutambara, Tsitsi Effie. "The nature and potential of industrial development within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the facilitating role of trade liberalisation and foreign direct investment in selected countries." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007732.
Full textAbstract:
To date the SADC region has managed to develop a manufacturing base but this base is still small as evidenced by its low contribution to GDP. For example, only three out of the fourteen SADC countries, viz. Mauritius, South Africa and Swaziland, had over 20 percent of their GDP originating from the manufacturing sector throughout the 1990s. Also to note is that while the manufacturing sector is quite diversified, the sector is dominated by industrial processes which are more of resource and labour-intensive in nature than those processes of scale-intensive, differentiated and science based in nature. TIle trade performance of the manufacturing sector supports these observations and as such the region is heavily dependent on imports for scale-intensive, differentiated and science based commodities. However, despite the fact that the region tends to focus more on resource- and labour-intensive manufacturing activities, products from these manufacturing activities are still significant components of manufactured goods imports into the region. Also to note is that since resource- and labour-intensive industries dominate manufacturing activities; these are the areas in which investment opportunities abound. For example, agro-based manufacturing presents most of the investment opportunities, with food processing presenting the majority of the investment opportunities followed by garments and textiles production. Mineral processing also presents significant investment opportunities. The analyses of the nature of the manufacturing sector also show that in a few SADC countries, viz. Mauritius, South Africa and Zimbabwe; scale-intensive, differentiated and science based industries also form a significant component of the industrial base implying more technologically complex manufacturing sectors. Since high technology and technologically complex manufacturing activities are limited, investment opportunities in these manufacturing sub-sectors are also limited to just a few countries However, with the SADC ITA in place, opportunities could arise for these limited technology-related manufacturing facilities to expand or engage in import substitution production so as to meet the demands of the growing regional market. It is also important to note that, while the region may not have as competitive advantage in these industries as in the resource- and labour-intensive industries, there is a need for the region to selectively identify and target such industries for priority development, a lesson SADC could learn from the East Asian NIC's took in their industrialisation strategy. The study also shows that the manufacturing sector has been a priority sector for both domestic and foreign investors. This has implications for industrial development because a strong and dynamic manufacturing sector would be developed, forming a sound basis for industrialisation as well as being able to effectively link and support all the other sectors of the economy. FDI could help the region to fully utilise the labour-intensive industries and use them as a stepping-stone to higher levels of industrial development. This is a lesson to SADC from the experiences of the East Asian NICs where while industrialisation was initiated by labour-intensive manufacturing, the countries were able to move into capital-intensive manufacturing due to FDI as it enabled the establishment of the industrial bases, thus leading to a rise in the share of manufactured exports. FDI could also help to develop the resource-intensive industries further by promoting further processing of raw materials into products of more value, thus propelling industrialisation through a resource-led industrial development programme as the current resource-intensive industries become fully utilised. The raw materials which occur in great abundance in the region's primary sector would have a ready market in the manufacturing sector where they would serve as inputs to the production of high value products. The currently smaller industrial base for scale-intensive products, differentiated and science-based manufactured products would benefit from the improved technological capabilities and managerial skills that result from FDI. Therefore, by impacting positively on manufacturing activities of both low and high MVA, FDI would thus have a facilitating role in establishing a more solid industrial base, broadening the current manufacturing base, and improving installed capacity utilisation. The study also shows that investment in productive capacity in the form of machinery and equipment is of great importance in the sampled SADC countries. Investment towards the acquisition of this capital is very important as this is directly relevant towards improving productive capacity. FDI could thus play a facilitating role by augmenting the current domestic investment in machinery and equipment. While the manufacturing sector within the region is still small and the current utilisation of installed industrial capacity is low, there is potential for further industrial growth. The current process to usher in the SADC Free Trade Area would have a facilitating role through various ways: viz. increasing the market size and enabling easier access through the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers, promoting regional competitiveness, improved utilisation of regional corridors, increasing opportunities for utilising identified intra-industry trade potentials, and providing opportunities for increased regional cross-border investment. Apart from the SADC FTA, the USA African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and the Cotonou Agreement will also motivate the identification and utilisation of existing and new potentials within the manufacturing sector in SADC. In order to improve the current nature of industries in the region, there is also a need to design and implement appropriate industrial policies and strategies. Such policies should consider the region's trade policies and the recently launched Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) so as to complement them. The industrial policies should also address issues relating to industrial investment, technology and local technological capabilities development, human resources development, the structure and nature of industry, the competitiveness of industries, as well as facilitating the complementarities between the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. To this end therefore, instead of relying solely on individual national industrial policies, SADC is in the process of formulating a regional industrial policy and strategies which seek to promote and support sustainable industrial growth across the region, thus facilitating industrial development.
34
MacKenzie, Niall Gordon. "Chucking buns across the fence? governmental planning and regeneration projects in the Scottish Highland economy, 1945-82 /." Connect to e-thesis record to view abstract. Move to record for print version, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/125/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Economic and Social History, Faculty of Law, Business and Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print copy also available.
35
Rocha, Igor Lopes 1986. "Reestruturação industrial no Brasil = uma análise da dinâmica comercial e produtiva da economia." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286350.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Mariano Francisco LaplaneDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento da estrutura produtiva brasileira durante as décadas de 1930 a 1980 e sua importância como eixo dinâmico da economia foram objetos de diversos estudos. Com a crise da dívida externa e a fragilidade fiscal e financeira do Estado, um novo modelo de desenvolvimento passou a ganhar adeptos, ensejando uma reviravolta na estratégia até então adotada. A política econômica empreendida, especialmente a partir da década de 1990, forjou um período de grandes mudanças no ambiente produtivo e competitivo, com reflexos ainda contemporâneos. É com base nessas acepções que o objetivo central deste trabalho se volta à investigação da dinâmica estrutural da economia brasileira, particularmente no que se refere ao seu padrão comercial e produtivo. A fim de consubstanciar a análise histórica e teórica, recorre-se ao referencial de insumo-produto, a partir das matrizes estimadas para os anos de 1995 a 2008. Destaca-se o comportamento dos coeficientes de comércio e de insumos importados, em grande medida associados ao descompasso entre a estrutura de oferta e os ciclos de demanda, assim como a rigidez estrutural da indústria nacional em termos produtivos e comerciais. Observam-se ainda neste processo os componentes dinamizadores do valor adicionado e do emprego na demanda agregada
Abstract: The development of Brazilian productive structure between the 1930?s and 1980?s and its importance as a dynamic hub of the economy were subject of several studies. After the external debt crisis and the fiscal and financial fragility of the State, a new development model began to gain adepts entailing a turnaround in strategy then adopted. The economic policy undertaken, especially from the 1990's onwards, forged a period of great changes in productive and competitive environment, with still contemporary consequences. Based on these references, the aim of this study is to investigate Brazilian structural dynamics, particularly what refers to the commercial and productive pattern. In order to support the historical and theoretical analysis, the input-output approach is used to estimate matrices from 1995 to 2008. It is highlighted the evolution of trade and imported input coefficients, largely associated with the gap between supply structure and demand cycles, as well as the structural rigidity of domestic industry in terms of production and trade. It is also observed in this process the dynamic components of aggregate demand for value-added and employment
Mestrado
Ciências Economicas
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
36
Korkeala, Outi Kaarina. "Climate and land in turmoil : welfare impacts of extreme weather events and palm oil production expansion in Indonesia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/40054/.
Full textAbstract:
Climate variability and climate change have become important research topics also in economics. The objective of this thesis is not to forecast the future but to learn from the past by studying how two important climate change-related topics have affected Indonesian households. Delayed monsoon onset, El Niño, will become more frequent with climate change whereas palm oil production is a contributor to climate change. The first essay examines how variability in monsoon onset affects rural households' welfare in terms of household expenditure and farm profits. Using the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data I find that households in the middle tercile of the expenditure distribution face the biggest albeit temporary losses from delayed monsoon onset. Half of the expenditure decline is due to increase in household size. Conditional on onset, rainfall intensity has only minor effects. The second essay uses the IFLS data to study how schooling and child labour are affected by delayed monsoon onset. The probability of continuing from primary to secondary school is reduced when a delayed onset coincides with the transition year. In other respects, monsoon onset does not affect education of rural children. However, riskier distribution of rain postpones school entry for young children. Moreover, delayed onset increases child labour. Using district-level data on palm oil production and area planted and national household survey (SUSENAS) the third essay studies the impact of oil palm expansion on household expenditure and health. Instrumental variable estimates exploit the historical production and district forest area as an exogenous source of variation. I find that smallholder production has a weak negative impact on household expenditure but this effect is not present among rural households. More, total production increases incidence of asthma in Kalimantan. The findings suggest that palm oil is not a panacea to increase rural welfare.
37
Silva, Gabriel de Oliveira e. "O papel do Estado como executor de política industrial: uma análise comparativa entre Brasil e Índia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9256.
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-11Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work aims to analyze two distinct processes of industrialization, Brazilian and Indian, with the parameter of the main development plans in both countries. Within the context of the so called import substitution industrialization, comparisons are made in the way public managers tried to break with the external dependence through different State experiences as developers of Industrial Policy, with special emphasis on the issue of funding and sustainability of industrial sectors of capital goods. An analysis of the results is presented, aiming to interpret and to relate in a critically way, the international integration of the two countries, noting that the good results are the consequence not of specific changes, but thanks to a diverse planning and various development plans
Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar dois distintos processos de industrialização, brasileira e hindu, tendo como parâmetro os principais planos de desenvolvimento em ambos os países. Dentro do contexto da chamada industrialização por substituição de importação, são feitas comparações na forma como os gestores buscaram romper com a dependência por meio das diferentes experiências do Estado como fomentador de Política Industrial, dando especial ênfase à questão do financiamento e viabilidade dos setores industriais de bens de capital. É apresentada uma análise dos resultados, buscando, por fim, interpretar e relacionar criticamente a inserção internacional dos dois países, atentando que os bons resultados são frutos não de mudanças pontuais, mas de planejamento e de diversos e variados planos de desenvolvimento
38
Roderique, David Barton. "PRIVATE SECTOR ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO LARGE SCALE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT (ST. JOHNS, ARIZONA)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275539.
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39
Mugova, Terrence Tafadzwa. "Interdependence and business cycle transmission between South Africa and the USA, UK, Japan and Germany." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002680.
Full textAbstract:
The process of globalisation has had a large impact on the world economy over the past three decades. Economic globalisation has manifested itself in the increasing integration of goods and services through international trade and the integration of financial markets. As a consequence the existence of co-movements in economic variables of different countries has become more evident. The extent to which globalisation causes a country’s economy to move together with the rest of the world concerns policy-makers. When such co-movement is significant, the influence of policy-makers on their respective domestic economies is significantly reduced. South Africa re-entered the international economy in the early 1990s when the forces of globalisation, especially for developing countries, seemed to gain momentum. Empirical research such as Kabundi and Loots (2005) found strong evidence of international co-movement between the world business cycle and the South African business cycle, particularly following South Africa’s integration into the global economy. This study examines the relationship and interdependence between South Africa and four of its major developed trading partners. More particularly, the study examines the question of whether business cycles are transmitted from Germany, Japan, US and UK to South Africa, and/or from South Africa to Germany, Japan, the US and UK. The study employs structural vector autoregressive (SVARs) models to analyse monthly data from 1980:01–2008:04 on industrial production, producer prices, short-term interest rates and real effective exchange rates. The results show that South Africa benefits from economic growth in both the UK and US. They also indicate significant price transmission from Germany and Japan to South Africa, with transmission in the opposite direction being statistically insignificant. The impulse response graphs show that a positive one standard deviation shock to both German and Japanese producer prices has a negative impact on South African output (industrial production) growth. Furthermore, South African monetary policy is relatively unresponsive to international monetary policy stances. The findings of this study indicate that South African policymakers need to take into consideration economic performance of the country’s major trading partners, with particular emphasis on the UK and US economies.
40
Mira, Rachid. "Économie politique de l'industrialisation en Algérie : analyse institutionnelle en longue période." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD053/document.
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Selon Mushtaq Khan, le développement économique serait conditionné par la convergence entre les politiques incitatives menées par l’État et des organisations en direction des secteurs et agents productifs et les intérêts stratégiques de la coalition au pouvoir. A partir des trajectoires diverses de pays émergents (Pakistan, Bengladesh, Inde), il a systématisé cette combinaison de conditions économiques et politiques dans une typologie des Political Settlements. Inspirée des théories néo-institutionnalistes (North, Rodrik), et du Public Choice, tout en distinguant rent seeking (Krueger, Buchanan, Tullock) et profit seeking (Bhagwati), cette démarche permet d’aller au-delà de la théorie de la bonne gouvernance (reprise par la Banque Mondiale). Cette thèse est une tentative d’étendre cette grille d’analyse encore en cours d’élaboration au cas d’un pays pétrolier, l’Algérie, pour étudier dans le temps long les différents moments du processus d’industrialisation, encore inabouti et de désindustrialisation. Elle débute par une étude empirique testant la relation entre bonne gouvernance et croissance économique sur un panel de pays, dont le résultat non significatif justifie le choix d’élargir cette notion au pouvoir politique. L’un des résultats est que, tant pour la période coloniale que postindépendance, les moments d’industrialisation dominés par une coalition industrialiste, furent trop courts pour déboucher sur un political settlement de clientélisme compétitif à développement potentiel, capable de générer des comportements profit-seeking. Une nouvelle typologie redéfinit les coalitions et distribution du pouvoir, dont celle à parti dominant autoritaire supportant un développement potentiel à horizon court. Il s’agit de savoir comment l’Etat bénéficiant de ressources en hydrocarbures peut ou non transformer une rente naturelle en rente productive et comment au niveau macroéconomique se sont succédées par rupture, des phases d’industrialisation trop brève pour être cumulatives et de désindustrialisation. L’enquête menée dans une entreprise publique, la SNVI, a permis d’illustrer au niveau microéconomique comment les politiques d’assainissement et d’incitation productive n’ont pas transformé les comportements rent-seeking. S’ouvrent des perspectives de recherches vers d’autres pays pétroliers ayant réussi un développement industriel et la transformation d’une rente pétrolière en rente productive. Les travaux sur la rationalisation des choix budgétaires peuvent aussi être mobilisés pour voir comment l’Etat alloue les ressources budgétaires issues des revenus pétroliers qui pourraient inciter les comportements productifsThe problem of the thesis is based on the study of the nature and the role of the institutions in the process of economic and industrial development in Algeria. The theses is founded on an institutional analysis inspired by Mushtaq Khan (2009). The economic development would be conditional by the convergence between orientation of the distribution of rents by the state, and polotical interests of the coalition in power. The thesis explores from 1830 and nowadays the convenient periods or not in the industrial development and looks for the political obstacles and the captation of unproductive rents
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Nascimento, Sidnei Pereira do. "Guerra fiscal: uma avaliação com base no PIB, nas receitas de ICMS e geração de empregos, comparando estados participantes e não participantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-11082008-154933/.
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A partir da Constituição de 1988, delegou-se a Estados e Municípios um maior poder decisório sobre suas receitas tributárias. A maioria das unidades da federação passaram a conceder isenções tributárias e a efetuar transferências para empresas, com a finalidade de atrair investimentos. Considerando este ambiente competitivo, esta pesquisa avalia a existência de desconcentração geográfica na indústria na década de 90, e simula a possibilidade de os Estados incentivarem a concentração das empresas, por intermédio dos benefícios fiscais. Avalia também, comparativamente, o impacto nas receitas do Imposto Sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços - ICMS, na geração de novos postos de trabalho na indústria de transformação, no PIB por setor, comparandose o Estado de São Paulo, que foi \"menos agressivo\" na guerra fiscal, com os Estados participantes da disputa fiscal: Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Santa Catarina. Foram utilizados dois modelos econométricos, sendo um o denominado \"Diferenças em Diferenças\", que compara alterações nas variáveis entre os Estados e entre os períodos antes e após a guerra fiscal. O outro modelo, que corresponde ao Ajuste de Poligonais, permite analisar as mudanças na taxa de crescimento das variáveis entre os períodos. Os principais resultados indicam a presença de desconcentração industrial no Brasil após a segunda metade da década de 90. Simulando os impactos nos custos dos produtos com a prorrogação no recolhimento do ICMS, detectou-se a possibilidade de os Estados alterarem os custos das empresas em até 5,70%, por meio das concessões tributárias. As estimativas dos modelos 1 e 2 mostram que os Estados avaliados, individualmente ou em conjunto, apresentam alterações significativas na taxa de crescimento da sua participação no PIB industrial do país, em comparação ao Estado paulista, depois da intensificação da guerra fiscal. Os mesmos resultados, parecem não valer para a geração de empregos industriais, ou seja, não houve mudanças na taxa de crescimento dos novos empregos no setor industrial nos Estados na segunda metade da década de 90. Outra consideração importante é o fato de os Estados, apesar de terem crescimento industrial superior ao de São Paulo, não apresentarem tendência similar nas receitas de ICMS.The constitution of 1988 delegated more power of decision to States and Municipalities regarding their tax revenue. Most states of the federation started to offer tax exemptions to enterprises, aiming to attract investments. Considering this competitive environment, this study evaluates the existence of geographic decentralization of the industry in the 1990\'s, and simulates the likelihood of the States to boost the concentration of enterprises, through fiscal benefits. It also assesses, comparatively, the impact of revenues from ICMS - Tax on Goods and Services - on employment generation in the industrial sector and on the sectional GDP, comparing the São Paulo state, which was less aggressive in this fiscal war with the states participating in the fiscal war: Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Santa Catarina. Two econometric models were utilized, being one the \"Differences in Differences\", which compares changes in the variables among the states and between the periods before and after the fiscal war. The other model which corresponds to the Polygonal Adjustments, allows to analyze changes in the growth rate of the variables between the periods. Results verify industrial decentralization in Brazil, after the first half of the 1990\'s. In simulating the impacts on product costs with the prolongation to collect the ICMS, it was observed the possibilities for States to affect costs of enterprises in about 5.70%, through tax exemptions. The estimates of models 1 and 2 show that the states evaluated, individually or in group, show significant changes in the growth rate in their share in the industrial GDP nationwide, compared to the São Paulo state, after the fiscal war augmentation. The same results do not seem to apply to employment creation, that is, there were not changes in the employment rate in the industrial sector in the states in the second half of the 90\'s. Another important fact to highlight is that the states, in spite of showing an industrial growth higher than that of São Paulo, did not show the same behavior in terms of ICMS revenues.
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Paiva, Suzana Cristina Fernandes de. "Estrategias de politica industrial e desenvolvimento economico : ideias e ideais de Fernando Fajnzylber para a America Latina." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286237.
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Orientador: Wilson SuziganTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Esta tese estuda a trajetória intelectual de Fernando Fajnzylber com o propósito de recuperar, sistematizar e apresentar uma leitura critica das suas idéias e de seus ideais relacionados a uma estratégia de política industrial e desenvolvimento econômico para a América Latina. Fernando Fajnzylber foi um teórico do desenvolvimento latino-americano e o responsável pela construção do novo enfoque teórico da CEP AL para a década de 1990, que deu origem ao projeto cepalino de "transfonnação produtiva com eqüidade". O elo condutor de sua obra sempre foi a busca pela superação dos entraves ao desenvolvimento econômico e da perene exclusão social na América Latina, isto é, a construção de um modelo de desenvolvimento menos dependente e menos excludente, que conciliasse crescimento com equidade. Sua proposta apresentava-se como alternativa ao projeto neoliberal para a América Latina, contrapondo-se aos teóricos e líderes latino-americanos que aceitaram a inevitabilidade objetiva do neoliberalismo e aderiram intelectualmente ao "pensamento hegemônico". Desta forma, seu legado intelectual nos conduz a refletir não somente sobre crescimento econômico, incorporação de progresso técnico, eficiência nos investimentos, mas sobretudo, distribuição de renda e eqüidade, visto que a justiça social ainda está por ser feita na América Latina
Abstract: This thesis has the purpose of analysing Fernando Fajnzylber's intellectual path, as an attempt of retrieving, systematizing and presenting a critical reading of his ideas and ideals for Latin America's industrial policy and economic development. Fernando Fajnzylber was a Latin American economic development theorist and also the key author of a new approach to ECLAC's (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) theory for the 1990's, which evolved into the "productive transformation with equity" project. The thread of his work has always been the search of ways for surpassing the obstacles to Latin American development as much as its everlasting social exclusion, which means the building of a whole new economic model - a less dependant and less excluding one, combining economic growth and social equity. Ris economic mode! proposal has been presented as an alterna tive to the neoliberal project for Latin America, placing itself over against region's theorists and political leaders who faced neoliberalism as something inevitable, joining its "hegemonic economic thought". For this reason, his intellectuallegacy drives us to reflect not only on economic development, absorption of technical progress, investment efficiency, but above all on income distribution and equity, since socialjustice remains to be done in Latin America
Doutorado
Historia Economica
Doutor em Economia Aplicada
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Wyeth, Charles Anthony. "The role of local industrial parks in stimulating and supporting the growth and development of small, medium and micro enterprises in the Western Cape Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52018.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past few years considerable debate has taken place regarding the role of Local lndustrial Parks (LIPs) in stimulating the growth and development of Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa. LIPs are normally established to achieve specific development objectives, namely, job creation, sector specific support, entrepreneurship/small business promotion and the provision of affordable workspace. Through interviews with centre managersof each of the LIPs located in the Western Cape Province, and the collection of other relevant information, this document appraises the performance of UPs against those criteria. The author further postulates that the term UP has evolved from a variety of other "period-names" for facilities that provide accommodation/business premises to SMMEs, and has become the current term for defining such facilities. Given the high demand for appropriately priced business premises for SMMEs, and the decision by the Cape Metropolitan Council to actively promote the establishment of UPs as a core activity in its local economic development strategy, this document recommends what services should be provided by UPs to ensure that the services offered represent value for money, and achieve the desired goals of an UP programme.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afgelope paar jaar is daar hewig gedebateer oor die rol wat Plaasklike Industriële Parke (PIP) in die stimulering van ontwikkeling en groei van Klein-, Medium- en Mikro- Besighede (KMMB) in Suid Afrika speel. PIP's word normaalweg ontwikkel om spesifieke mikpunte te behaal, naamlik werksskepping, sektor-spesifieke ondersteuning, entrepreneurship/kleinbesigheids promosie en verskaffing van bekostigbare werksareas. Deur 'n proses van onderhoude met sentrum bestuurders van elk van die PIPs geleë in die Wes-Kaap Provinsie, en die versameling van ander tersaaklike inligting, meet hierdie dokument die sukses van PIP's in die lig van bogenoemde kriteria. Die outeur postuleer verder dat die term PIP 'n uitvloeisel van ander "periode-name" van fasiliteite wat werksareas en besigheids persele aan KMMB's verskaf het, is en dat dit die huidige term is om na sulke fasiliteite te verwys. Met die hoë vraag na besigheidspersele vir KMMB's teen 'n redelike tarief, en die besluit deur die Kaapse Metropolitaanse Raad om PIP's aktief te bevorder as 'n sleutel aktiwiteit in die plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling strategie, meld hierdie dokument aanbevelings in terme van dienste wat deur PIP's verskaf behoort te word om te verseker dat hierdie dienste waarde vir geld verteenwoordig, en die beoogte mikpunte van die PIP bereik.
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Vaz, Ibes Eron Alves. "Política industrial do Rio Grande do Sul (2012-2014): uma análise crítica." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4727.
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Esta pesquisa procura analisar criticamente o processo de implantação e execução da Política Industrial do Rio Grande do Sul (PI-RS), no período de 2012-2014. O trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa exploratória, com levantamentos bibliográficos e documentais. O Método de Pesquisa utilizado foi o de Estudo de Caso Único. O ponto de partida foi a revisão da literatura e do debate em torno do conceito de política industrial, estudando as concepções das escolas de pensamento econômico favoráveis e críticas à adoção deste tipo de política pública. Para a análise da Indústria e da Vantagem Competitiva das Nações o referencial é fortemente embasado no pensamento de Michael Porter, que inspirou a própria formulação do PI-RS. Os objetivos principais do trabalho são: i) apresentar a PI-RS e seus principais resultados no período analisado; ii) realizar a análise crítica da Política enfocando os cinco eixos que a compõem; e iii) sugerir elementos conceituais e práticos que possam contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento e uma maior efetividade da PI-RS. A base para tal análise é a pesquisa de campo realizada pelo autor, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 51 pessoas relevantes, no Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados obtidos mostram inúmeros pontos fortes e uma aceitação geral consistente da Política Industrial, bem como, alguns poucos itens divergentes, porém, bem acentuados, como por exemplo, a questão do foco da PI-RS em relação aos setores selecionados para receberem o apoio governamental. Os resultados poderão servir como fonte de retroalimentação para as políticas públicas voltadas ao desenvolvimento econômico.
This research analyze critically the process of implementation and execution of the Rio Grande do Sul Industrial Policy (IP-RS), in the period 2012-2014. The work consist in an exploratory research, with documental and bibliographic survey. The Research Methodology was the Study of Single Case. The starting point was the literature review and the debate surrounding the concept of industrial policy, studying the conceptions of the schools of economic thought favorable and against the adoption of this kind of public policy. For the analyses of the Industry and the Nations Competitive Advantage, the referential is highly grounded in the thought of Michael Porter, who inspired the creation of the IP-RS. The main objectives of the work are: i) present the IP-RS and its main results in the studied period; ii) do the critic analyses of the Policy focusing the five axis that are part of the policy; and iii) suggest conceptual and practical elements that can contribute to the improvement and a bigger effectiveness of the IP-RS. The base for such an analyses is the field research made by the author, the data gathering of this research was made from semi-structured interviews with 51 relevant people, in the Rio Grande do Sul. The obtained results show many strengths and a general acceptance consistent with the Industrial Policy, as well as, a few divergent items, however, very pronounced, as for example, the focus of the IP-RS in relation to the selected sectors to receive the government support. The results can be used as a source of feedback for the public policies aimed to the economic development.
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Ndhlovu, Raymond. "The impact of the cultural and creative industries on the economic growth and development of small cities and towns - guidelines for creating a regional cultural policy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61524.
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The arts and cultural sector has come under even more financial strain than it previously was, as it has to compete with other sectors of the economy for the very limited public funding that is available. It is in this context that the economic impact, and the role, of the arts and cultural sector towards advancing economic growth and development, needs be examined. This thesis investigates the potential for the positive impact of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) on growth and development of small cities and towns. Furthermore, it also provides guidelines for the development of regional cultural policy in small cities and towns. The CCIs have also been touted as a catalyst for economic growth and economic development, hence the global rise in their interest. For example, the CCIs have been used to redevelop and revive urban areas that have been rundown. CCIs, however, tend to develop in clusters, and additionally, they cluster around large cities. However, the lack of reliance of some CCIs on long supply chains or high-technology inputs may make them suitable candidates for investment in small cities and towns. Additionally, the link that small cities and towns have with rural and isolated areas makes them potential engines for driving growth, development, as well as employment creation for these areas, given their decline as a result of the transition from the traditional agricultural economy, to the knowledge economy. As CCIs have the propensity to drive government’s macroeconomic objectives such as efficiency, equity, economic growth and job creation, it is necessary to develop cultural policy that regards this. The tendency of CCIs to cluster and develop around large cities inevitably means that very little research into cultural policy directed towards regions without large cities and towns has been done. By the same token, very little research has also been conducted on how to craft cultural policy for such areas. In order then, for cultural policy for regions without large cities and towns to be developed, it is necessary to investigate, and provide, guidelines on, how to develop cultural policy for such regions. As a case study, the Sarah Baartman District Municipality (SBDM) in the Eastern Cape was chosen. The SBDM has no large cities and towns, but the District Municipality has identified the CCIs as a potential growth sector, and is in the process of developing a regional cultural policy. The area also includes Grahamstown, which not only hosts the National Arts Festival, which is the largest arts event of its type in Africa, but is also piloting the “Creative City” project in South Africa. An audit and mapping study was conducted on the CCIs in the SBDM; this was based on a national mapping study commissioned by the Department of Arts and Culture. Further internet searches, as well as consultations with the provincial and regional Department of Arts of Culture, coupled with snowball sampling, also aided in the identification of CCIs, and consequently, the “creative hotspots” within the SBDM. Two random samples of stakeholders were chosen; the CCI owners and practitioners, as well as key stakeholders such as government officials, and interviews conducted with both groups, in order to get a first-hand perspective on the operations, activities, challenges, and opportunities that are faced by the CCIs. The study found that there were at least 441 CCIs in the SBDM, with two local municipalities (Dr. Beyers Naude and Makana) hosting the largest share of these (145 and 113 CCIs in each local municipality respectively), which indicates some support for the ‘clustering’ theory. It was also found that the local municipalities that had the largest number of CCIs also experienced better socio-economic welfare. Furthermore, based on the UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics (FCS) domains, the Visual Arts and Crafts; Information, Books and Press; and, Cultural Heritage domains were the largest domains represented in the SBDM. It was concluded that cultural policy that is developed, ought to take advantage of, and build on, these existing clusters, as well as the domains that are most prevalent in the region. To demonstrate the impact of cultural festivals on growth and development, a socio-economic impact study was undertaken at the 2016 National Arts Festival (NAF) in Grahamstown. Face to interviews, as well as self-completion questionnaires were used, with respondents at different venues, attending a variety of shows, and across a range of demographics, being interviewed, in order to get a representative sample of Festival attendees. It was found that the economic impact of the 2016 NAF on the city of Grahamstown was R94.4 million. Over and above the economic value of the NAF, it was also found that there were nonmarket benefits (social and intrinsic values) of the NAF, that included audience development, education of the arts and culture, social cohesion, and community development. The inability to directly track and measure social and intrinsic values proved to be a challenge. The study concluded that in order for successful cultural policy to be developed in regions without large cities and towns, it is first necessary to carry out a study to identify what resources are present, and where they are. Locating resources enables cluster identification - as clusters encourage comparative and competitive advantage, it is worthwhile to invest in areas where there are clusters. Therefore, in the allocation of scarce public funds, cultural policy needs to guide investment in to areas where established clusters indicate existing comparative advantage. In terms of equity and transformation, it is also necessary to evaluate labour markets and ownership patterns when developing cultural policy. Beyond the analysis of physical and human resources, the study also found that a crucial step towards developing successful cultural policy is identification of opportunities and challenges faced by the practitioners themselves; the policy ought to capitalise on the opportunities, whilst attempting to correct the challenges faced. Also of importance is aligning the proposed policy and its objectives with regional, provincial and national aims and objectives. Finally, it is important to include a monitoring and evaluation tool that will evaluate the performance of the policy against its stated aims and objectives.
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Dolley, Jonathan. "Sustainability, resilience and governance of an urban food system : a case study of peri-urban Wuhan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/66462/.
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While it is clear that urban food systems need to be made resilient so that broader sustainability goals can be maintained over time, it has been a matter of debate as to how resilience should be conceptualised when applied to social-ecological systems. Through a case study of peri-urban Wuhan, this research develops and applies a resilience based conceptual framework for periurban food systems analysis in order to explore the potential for an enhanced understanding of resilience that can contribute to promoting sustainability in urban food systems. The evidence of this thesis suggests that the current approach to governance of Wuhan's periurban vegetable system is building an increasingly exclusionary pattern of resilience. It is a form of resilience building which is likely to undermine broader normative sustainability goals around social justice and environmental integrity and have mixed future implications for food system resilience as a whole, particularly in relation to livelihood outcomes for peri-urban farmers and food safety outcomes for urban consumers in general. The key lessons from this research are that the concept of resilience can be used to support either a narrowing down or an opening up of normative framings of system outcomes and can contribute to obscuring or revealing the multiple processes of change unfolding across the levels of system context, structures and actors. These dualities in the way that resilience thinking can contribute to normative and analytical framings need to be explicitly acknowledged if serious unintended consequences of resilience building interventions are to be avoided. Six important principles for conceptualising resilience in urban food systems are suggested: to 1) disaggregate system outcomes, 2) differentiate function and structure, 3) analyse positive and negative resilience, 4) identify external and structural shocks and stresses, 5) analyse resilience in relation to multiple and multi-scale processes of change and 6) recognise the impacts of those processes on marginalised system actors. Finally, a heuristic framework is presented for guiding the design of resilience analyses of human dominated social-ecological systems.
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Tzeng, Cheng-Hua 1973. "Growing entrepreneurial firms in developing countries : the interplay of the state, the market and the social sector." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102829.
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This study builds an integrative framework to delineate the process of growing entrepreneurial firms in developing countries. Deriving from the existing entrepreneurship literature, this thesis uses two notions to delineate the process of growth of indigenous firms: entrepreneurial intent and entrepreneurial capability. Then, drawing on the literature of economic development, it identifies three key sectors, the state, the market and the social sector, that foster entrepreneurial intent and cultivate entrepreneurial capability.The research setting is the information technology (IT) industries in China and Taiwan, each of which has had impressive performance when compared with their counterparts in other developing countries. This study differentiates the growth of entrepreneurial firms into three stages, getting started, getting there, and staying there, and proceeds to analyze the comparative-historical experiences of six IT firms, three in China and three in Taiwan. The firms in China are the Advanced Technology Service Division (ATSD), Lenovo Computer, and Great Wall Computer. The firms in Taiwan are United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), Acer, and Vanguard International Semiconductor (VIS).
It is found that at the stage of getting started, the government tends to be key among the three sectors, and can broadly influence the firms' entrepreneurial intent by building the national institution context, and more specifically through industrial policies. At the stage of getting there, the domestic social sector becomes more salient, and can transfer technology to entrepreneurial firms either from abroad or from their own research; they can also help defend entrepreneurial firms in intellectual property disputes with multinational firms. At the stage of staying there, due to their advanced technology, multinationals as forces in the market become more prevalent, and can enhance or destroy the capability of entrepreneurial firms. Overall, the state can act as context builder, champion and confronter; the social sector can play the roles of capability builder and capability defender, while the market, via multinational firms, can play the roles of capability destroyer and capability enhancer.
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Agbessi, Sonagnon Hervé. "Les pôles de compétitivité." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010319.
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Les mutations économiques induites par la mondialisation et la concurrence des pays émergents ont entraîné, en 2004, le lancement par l'Etat d'une politique industrielle articulée autour des pôles de compétitivité. Contrairement à la finalité redistributive de l'aménagement du territoire, les pôles de compétitivité n'ont pas été choisis selon une logique de type «aménagement volontaire de l'espace », ni déterminés par rapport à une vision qui irait dans le sens d'un rééquilibrage des potentiels de recherche sur le territoire national. La politique des pôles de compétitivité porte directement sur des projets et non plus sur l'aménagement global du territoire. Les activités de R&D menées en partenariat par les acteurs du Pôle imposent néanmoins un cadre juridique permettant d'identifier et d'intéresser chaque partenaire aux résultats en fonction des règles ou des critères définis par eux. Il n'est cependant pas exclu que les conflits puissent provenir de la normalisation. En effet, les pôles de compétitivité devraient être prêts à consentir des redevances sur leurs brevets à prix coûtant sous peine d'être sanctionnés, pour abus de position dominante. Le financement des pôles de compétitivité étant limité par la réglementation européenne des aides d'Etat, il importe de trouver, comme aux Etats-Unis et au Japon, d'autres sources de financement privé de l'innovation, notamment le recours au capital-risque. Mais les pôles de compétitivité seraient-ils de nature à proposer et à créer des produits innovants prometteurs susceptibles d'encourager la prise de risques par les investisseurs ?The global economic transformations driven by globalization and competition from emerging countries led, in 2004, the launching by the Government of an industrial policy built around the competitiveness clusters. Contrary to the redistributive purpose of the territory planning, the competitiveness clusters were not chosen according to a logical type « voluntary spatial planning», or determined by reference to a vision that goes in the direction of a rebalancing of research potential in the country. Policy of competitiveness clusters bears directly on projects and not on the overall territory planning. The R & D conducted in partnership with actors of competitiveness clusters impose a legal framework to identify and interest each partner in the results according to the rules or criteria defined by them. However, it is possible that conflicts may arise from standardization. Indeed, the competitiveness clusters should grant royalties on their patents at cost. If not, they should be punished for abuse of dominant position. The financing of competitiveness clusters is limited by European’s regulation on state aid. It leads the need to find, as in the United States and Japan, other sources of private financing of innovation, including the use of venture capital. But would the competitiveness clusters propose and create promising innovative products that encourage risk-taking by investors ?
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Caseiro, Luiz Carlos Zalaf. "Novas estratégias de internacionalização de empresas brasileiras: expansão geográfica, determinantes e alternativas de política industrial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-29012014-104503/.
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Após a abertura econômica, empresas brasileiras de diversos setores deram início ou ampliaram seus processos de internacionalização. Esse movimento acentuou-se a partir de 2004, quando os investimentos diretos no exterior das transnacionais brasileiras (IBDs) cresceram em uma magnitude sem precedentes. A recente expansão internacional, entretanto, difere das experiências passadas não apenas no volume dos investimentos, mas também quanto ao seu destino e qualidade, que abarcam um número crescente de países e setores. A presente dissertação contempla uma detalhada caracterização da internacionalização de 148 transnacionais brasileiras nas últimas duas décadas no que diz respeito a sua composição setorial e à localização geográfica dos IBDs. Por meio de análises quantitativas e qualitativas, chegamos a conclusões que desconstroem as ideias recorrentes na literatura acadêmica de que esse movimento estaria restrito a setores intensivos em commodities ou concentrado na América Latina. Ao evidenciarmos as correlações existentes entre os setores de atividade das empresas e suas estratégias de inserção internacional, demonstramos que as empresas mais intensivas em tecnologia buscam a internacionalização primordialmente nos maiores e mais dinâmicos mercados do globo como uma forma de reforçar os laços com os clientes e obter acesso a novos conhecimentos produtivos e tecnologias. Adicionalmente, a presente dissertação procura superar as limitações da perspectiva da gestão das empresas, predominante na literatura acadêmica sobre o tema, ao investigar os determinantes externos da recente intensificação da internacionalização das empresas brasileiras por meio de uma abordagem transdisciplinar. Nesse sentido, contextualiza historicamente a inserção externa das transnacionais brasileiras desde a década de 70 até os dias de hoje, analisando em detalhes os impactos da reestruturação da geografia produtiva internacional, da difusão de novas tecnologias e de fatores macroeconômicos e políticos sobre os fluxos de IBDs. Por meio dessa mudança de perspectiva, é possível alcançar uma melhor compreensão das características da trajetória recente de internacionalização das empresas brasileiras, bem como novas implicações para a formulação de políticas industriais.After economic liberalization, Brazilian companies from several sectors initiated or expanded their internationalization processes. This trend became more pronounced after 2004, when Brazilian outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) grew with an unprecedented magnitude. The recent international expansion, however, differs from past experiences not only in the volume of investments, but also regarding their destiny and quality, covering an increasing number of countries and sectors. This dissertation includes a detailed characterization of the internationalization process of 148 Brazilian transnational companies (TNCs) during the last two decades, with particular reference to their sectoral composition and the geographical location of their OFDI projects. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, this research reaches conclusions that deconstruct the recurring ideas in the academic literature that the internationalization of Brazilian companies would be restricted to commodities intensive sectors or concentrated in Latin America. By revealing the correlations between different sectors of economic activity and their international insertion strategies, we demonstrate that companies from technology-intensive sectors seek internationalization primarily in the largest and most dynamic markets of the world, as a way to strengthen ties with customers and gain access to new knowledge and technologies. Additionally, this dissertation seeks to overcome the limitations of the international business perspective, prevalent in the academic literature on the topic, by investigating the external determinants of the recent intensification of Brazilian OFDI through a transdisciplinary approach. In so doing, this research historically contextualizes the internationalization of Brazilian TNCs from the 70s to the present, analyzing in detail the impacts of the changing geography of international production, the diffusion of new technologies and macroeconomic and political factors on the Brazilian OFDI. This change of perspective allows a better understanding of the characteristics of the recent internationalization of Brazilian companies and also illuminates conclusions that lead to new implications for the formulation of industrial policies.
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Maxwell, R. M. Tompson A. F. B. Richardson J. H. El-Naser H. Rihani J. F. F. Subah A. El Sha'r W. A. Al-Hadidi Khair Al-Awamleh M. Al-Foqaha M. Abu-Eid O. Hayyaneh R. A. "Experiential Education in Groundwater Hydrology Bridging the Technical-Policy-Populace Gap Final Report." Washington, D.C : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : United States. Dept. of Energy ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2003. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/15006124-edMhAR/native/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis; Thesis information not provided; 17 Jul 2003.Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "UCRL-LR-154423" Maxwell, R M; Tompson, A F B; Richardson, J H; El-Naser, H; Rihani, J. F F; Subah, A.; El Sha'r, W A; Al-Hadidi, Khair; Al-Awamleh, M; Al-Foqaha, M; Abu-Eid, O; Hayyaneh, R A. 07/17/2003. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.