Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic Structural Adjustment Programme

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Economic Structural Adjustment Programme'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic Structural Adjustment Programme"

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Ekpenyong, Stephen. "The Structural Adjustment Programme and the Elderly in Nigeria." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 41, no. 4 (December 1995): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/78cu-0auh-3bgw-pthn.

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The article analyzes the impact of recent economic changes accompanying the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) and ongoing cultural styles on the aged in Nigeria. It argues that during the one decade preceding the introduction of SAP in 1986, Nigeria experienced significant social and economic transformations made possible by the rise in oil prices in the 1970s. The introduction of SAP has also been accompanied by significant social, cultural, and economic changes. Here the effects of these changes on the situation of the elderly in Nigeria are examined using data pooled from observations and surveys in both the pre- and post-SAP years. Findings reveal that compared to the younger generations, the relative position of the elderly has not changed significantly, although the latter's position has deteriorated on dimensions such as access to economic and health resources. Regional and individual differentials in the situation of old people are significant during both the pre- and post-SAP era.
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Bawumia, Mahamudu. "Understanding the rural–urban voting patterns in the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election. A closer look at the distributional impact of Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme." Journal of Modern African Studies 36, no. 1 (March 1998): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97002632.

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This article attempts to explain the rural–urban voting patterns in the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election. In this election, rural voters voted overwhelmingly for the incumbent and urban voters did the opposite. It is argued that Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme (1983–92) was distributionally favourable to rural households and unfavourable to urban households. A link is therefore drawn between the distributional impacts of the Structural Adjustment Programme and the voting patterns of rural and urban households.The relationship between the state of the economy and the fortunes of political parties at the polls is one which has generated a lot of debate. This debate has largely taken place within the confines of Western democracies, not least because of the absence of Western-style democracy in many developing countries. We are, however, seeing a movement towards ‘democracy’ in many developing countries, with pressures for economic liberalisation going hand in glove with those for political liberalisation. The increasing democratisation by many African countries undertaking Structural Adjustment Programmes provides us with an opportunity to investigate the relationships between the welfare implications of these programmes and the voting behaviour of the electorate. Is voting behaviour in Africa any different from that in Western democracies?
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Kydd, Jonathan. "Coffee After Copper? Structural Adjustment, Liberalisation, and Agriculture in Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (June 1988): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010454.

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In contrast to its policies in the economic sphere, Zambia has one of Africa's most liberal approaches to press freedom. To convey the flavour of public debate during, or immediately after, the 19-month experiment with a market-determined exchange rate, 10 quotations are presented below:Large scale mining will continue for 12 to 20 years, but small-working may go on for 50–60 years.– Francis Kaunda, Chairman, Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines, June 1987.Coffe after copper.– Campaign slogan of the Coffee Growers Committee of the Commercial Farmers' Bureau.Even real socialist countries have to find and use foreign exchange.– Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister, replying to a question in the National Assembly, August 1986.Zambia's cardinal mistake was to subsidise consumption for a long time, thereby delaying diversification.– Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia, May 1986.The economic reform programme has begun to succeed: devaluation has stimulated exports.– Kenneth Kaunda, August 1936, Opening the 21st U.N.I.P. National Council Meeting.It was not socialist principles which ruined the Zambian economy, but unfavourable economic terms which the North has imposed on the South…I have no power…we agreed to the IMF reform programme much against out better judgement.– Kenneth Kaunda, August 1986, interviewed by Swedish, West German, and Cuban journalists.
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Iqbal, Zafar, and Rizwana Siddiqui. "The Impact of Structural Adjustment on Income Distribution in Pakistan A SAM-based Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (December 1, 1998): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.377-397.

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Domestic poverty and income distribution are closely related to the state of the economy, which is linked with internal and external economic policies. Since 1988, under the rubric of structural adjustment programme (SAP), Pakistan has made use of fiscal, monetary and trade policies to correct her macro economic imbalances. It is hard to substantiate with proof that these programmes protect the poor. A number of studies have found that income distribution has been getting worse during the adjustment period in Pakistan.1 For example, Kemal (1994); Jaffery and Khattak (1995) and Anwar (1996) found that SAP accompanied with rising income inequality and poverty in Pakistan. But these studies are restricted as they did not employ an adequate methodology to assess the impact of structural adjustment reforms on income distribution.2 This paper, however, uses a simple static fixed-price SAM-based framework to analyse distributional outcome of incomes for rural and urban households. This methodology is useful because social accounting matrix (SAM) represents the whole economy and it does not need a large data set.
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Benhin, James K. A., and Edward B. Barbier. "Structural Adjustment Programme, Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss in Ghana." Environmental and Resource Economics 27, no. 3 (March 2004): 337–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:eare.0000017653.15107.0f.

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Owusu, J. Henry. "Determinants of export-oriented industrial output in Ghana: the case of formal wood processing in an era of economic recovery." Journal of Modern African Studies 39, no. 1 (March 2001): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x01003524.

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Like many other Sub-Saharan African countries, Ghana implemented an orthodox Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), to resuscitate its ailing economy, in the early 1980s. Subsequently, there has been a dramatic expansion in the production and export of processed wood. Based on an empirical study of Ghana's formal wood processing industry, this paper discusses the various determinants that have combined to boost the export-oriented output in the industry, particularly in the first decade of the programme, and assesses the extent to which the SAP-based policy actions account for the change. The study concludes that adjustment played a major role in the change, and suggests that even though SAP supporters and critics disagree on the nature, dynamics and effects of the programme, government measures under the programme are an indicator of what real commitment on the part of African governments can do to engender production expansion in comparable African manufacturing industries.
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Igbedioh, S. O. "Sustaining Nutrition Security in Africa under Changing Socio-Economic." Nutrition and Health 10, no. 1 (July 1994): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609401000101.

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The adoption and implementation of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in the 1980's by many African countries as a strategy for economic recovery has increased the magnitude of hunger and protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency and anaemia. In addition population growth rate has continued to outstrip the food supply at a time when real income value has fallen, thereby diminishing further the access of the poor to nutritious food. Even though Africa's present food supply situation is inadequate and in some cases unsustainable it is reassuring to note that Africa can feed itself provided the potential of doing so is mobilized and sustained. This paper proposes and highlights strategies for the development of a nutrition strategy and nutrition education programmes with emphasis on nutrition programmes which benefit the vulnerables. The paper further proposes that specific policies should be targeted at the poor while instituting food subsidies schemes for those who are most at risk nutritionally.
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Anwar, Tilat. "Structural Adjustment and Poverty: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 35, no. 4II (December 1, 1996): 911–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v35i4iipp.911-926.

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Despite the external shocks in the 1980s, the economy continued to grow at a respectable rate. However, increasing internal and external imbalances caused an economic crisis in 1988 and lead to an implementation of a medium term structural adjustment programme within the framework of the IMF and the World Bank. Neither theory nor existing evidence gives a conclusive verdict about the effects of adjustment policies on poverty. Hence, the paper examines the actual changes in absolute poverty during the period of adjustment. The actual changes in the distribution have been examined from two comparable household income and expenditure surveys (HIES) for 1987-88 and 1990-91, spanning the period of adjustment. Evidence suggests that the stylised facts of structural adjustment policies are consistent with actual changes in the absolute poverty. The first order stochastic dominance test suggests that not only the absolute poverty incidence but also the intensity and severity of poverty increased significantly by all poverty lines and poverty measures over the period of adjustment. Structural adjustment created new poor in urban areas amongst the low income groups (mainly Clerical and Sales workers) whose real wages were eroded over the period. Poverty also increased unambiguously among self-employed (smallholders in the informal sector) and unemployed who seems to have been affected adversely by the overall economic contraction. Though, the government has the priority to achieve the fiscal balance, it should seek to ameliorate the most distressing cost arising in the short run. Excessive reliance on demand management in scale or speed is counter-productive for adjustment. Adjustment strategies need to account for the trade-off between shortterm gains and long-term benefits foregone.
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Iqbal, Zafar. "Macroeconomic Effects of Adjustment Lending in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (December 1, 1994): 1011–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.1011-1031.

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During the 1970s and early 1980s, many developing countries faced macroeconomic problems, notably large fiscal deficits, vulnerable balance of payments positions, increasing inflation rates, lower rates of domestic savings, and as a consequence lower capital formation and economic growth rates. The major financial lending institutions, preeminently the W orId Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), argue that the present macroeconomic problems in less developed countries (LDCs) are due to structural maladjustments-poor economic policies and weak institutions. Therefore, since 1980, these donor agencies have been proposing Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) and Sectoral Adjustment Programmes (SECAPs) associated with Structural Adjustment Lending (SALs) and Sectoral Adjustment Lending (SECALs), respectively. These programmes focus on broader macroeconomic adjustment policies. The disbursement of SALs and SECALs are, how~ver, conditional upon the recipient countries adopting economic policies specified by the staff of the World Bank and the IMF.
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Bhatt, Ela R. "Economic Reforms and the People Sector." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 23, no. 1 (January 1998): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919980109.

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In recent years⁄ there has been considerable discussion in India on Structural Adjustment Programme and its impact on the economy. However⁄ the moot question is whether restructuring efforts have benefited the ‘people sector’ that includes the workers who are informal⁄ unorganized, and selfemployed. Based on years of experience with SEWA, Ela Bhatt argues that most economic policies including the recent economic reforms have largely benefited the large corporate bodies and have completely ignored the poor and the women. According to her⁄ it is possible to benefit from the reforms if the focus of economic reforms is shifted to the micro level.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic Structural Adjustment Programme"

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Ncube, Douglas. "A country-specific economic structural adjustment programme model for the acgricultural sector : a case study of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Derby, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/200673.

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Traditionally, agriculture has been one of the mainstays of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) economies and plays a pivotal and vital role in economic activity and development (Westlake, 1994). Africa has been a net importer of foodstuffs over the last thirty years (Smith, 1999). This led the donor community to spotlight the agricultural sector as an area where reforms were badly needed. Since the 1970s the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) have driven Economic Structural Adjustment Programmes (ESAP) in SSA with varying degrees of success (FAO, 1988). Zimbabwe's independence, in 1980, coincided with the start of the first decade of structural adjustment in SSA.
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Munjoma, Thomas. "Property investment under an economic structural adjustment programme : the case of the Harare Central Business District office development." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU117158.

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In Zimbabwe, the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) was introduced in 1991, at which time, intense office development activities started in the Harare City Centre. The fundamental aim of this study, therefore, was to identify and explain the driving forces behind office development activities in the Harare City Centre during ESAP (1991-5). Effort was made to reveal the effects of ESAP on the office development process. Three hypotheses from neo-classical (supply and demand), Marxist structuralism (circuits of capital) and structuration (structure and agency) perspectives were proposed to identify and explain the forces driving office development in the Harare City Centre during ESAP. Twenty-four development sites formed the population of properties identified for the study, of which six were selected for detailed examination. This research established that during the early phases of ESAP, demand for office space was fairly robust. With further property development, full occupation of the new space could be achieved only through tenant relocations and 'sweetheart' deals to seduce tenants into occupying new offices. Direct foreign participation in the Harare office development was not significant at all. That was mainly due to a combination of prohibitive legislation relating to foreign investment in property, and the failure of Zimbabwe to compete as an attractive investment destination for global capital. However, important structural changes such as planning policy and practice, reduction of the prescribed asset ratios of institutional investments, increases in inflation and so forth, were identified. Historically, institutional investors were underweight in property and, therefore, used the opportunity to select properties consistent with their long term objectives. It was concluded that the structure and agency approach presented an explanation of the Harare Office development superior to that of the other perspectives. Although ESAP facilitated the procurement of world class facilities and finishes, it had negative implications for the construction industry through high inflation, increases in building costs, the closure of firms and general economic decline.
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Berolsky, Nuno Goncalo. "An evaluation of IMF structural adjustment programmes : lessons for South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002668.

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The mixed results of International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes in less developed countries are a major motivation for this research. Explanations must be advanced as to what may inhibit the success of such programmes. South Africa has often found itself in a precarious position- with a deteriorating balance of payments, a position similar to other countries that have accepted IMF loans. Furthermore, South Africa undertook an IMF loan in 1993. Financial support from the IMF incorporates structural adjustment programmes. These may include measures such as tighter monetary policy, reduction in the budget deficit, exchange rate devaluation and ceilings on domestic credit with increased interest rates (Ferguson, 1988). These policies illustrate the principle of ‘conditionality,’ whereby access to further loans is conditional on certain criteria being met, such as reduced budget deficits and inflation rates. The principle of conditionality has met with a great deal of criticism. Bacha (1987) and Dell (1982) argue that these aggregate demand-reducing conditions more often than not stagnate domestic economies, worsening the balance of payment and result in programme breakdowns. Essentially, they refer to the IMF conditions as ‘unrealistic.’ The IMF denies this, arguing that shortfalls are mainly due to a lack of political commitment to carry out its conditions (Winters, 1994). This issue of conditionality will be examined in detail, using three specific case studies. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of Brazil, Mexico and Zambia to see whether or not the IMF programmes were successful. Guidelines will be established for South African policy from these case studies. South Africa is trying to adjust to the competitiveness of the international economy. At the same time, the need for reconstruction and development exerts increasing pressures on the balance of payments. Guidelines are established for a successful economic adjustment for South Africa. The research concludes that South Africa is certainly in line for a successful transformation. The rigidities are not as extensive as has been the case in Brazil and Zambia. Institutionally, South Africa is sound. However there are still challenges in this area, such as export diversification and economic stability to attract foreign investment.
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Dasah, Bernard Zori. "Neoclassical economics and the role of information, communication, and culture in socio-economic development : a case study of the structural adjustment programme in Ghana." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35999.

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For close to two decades the leading international financial organizations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, have imposed their structural adjustment programme on Third World countries, notably in Sub-Saharan African, creating forms of neoclassical financial management at an unsurpassed rate. However, the thesis argues that this approach does not distinguish adequately between policies favourable to the growth and prosperity of developed countries and those pertaining to developing countries in part because the paradigm has an impoverished notion of information, communication, and culture. By fostering this economic paradigm in developing countries, these organizations may, in effect, be imposing an inconsistent model on them in many respects. This thesis explores this conundrum with particular reference to the model's concepts of information, communication, and culture and the consequences of these concepts on the application of the model in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in Ghana.
The thesis employs case studies to demonstrate the impact of cultural imperatives on the neoclassical economic concepts of efficiency of competition, trade liberalization, currency devaluation, public expenditure reduction, and privatization promoted by the structural adjustment programme. It suggests that some of the failures of the programme may be ascribed to the great differences between the imperatives of neoclassical economics and the cultural realities of Sub-Saharan Africa.
The thesis takes the position that the incorporation of an understanding of culture and economy similar to that of the communicologists' holistic and wider perspective on economics and economic systems would ameliorate many weaknesses of the structural adjustment programmes of the IMF and the World Bank and enhance the effectiveness of future structural adjustment programmes.
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Dasah, Bernard Z. "Neoclassical economics and the role of information, communication, and culture in socio-economic development, a case study of the structural adjustment programme in Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/NQ55318.pdf.

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Makan, Amita. "The impact of structural adjustment programmes upon the political economy of Zambia: a critical analysis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003010.

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This study begins with a statistical survey setting out the parameters of Zambia's socio-economic decline in the 1980s. In order to unravel the complex reasons for the crisis, the study develops and employs an historical structural framework which emphasises the interconnectedness of historical, political, economic and social processes . Thereafter, an explanation of Zambia's political and economic development is presented as a background for understanding how and why the IMF came to play an increasingly decisive role in the management of the economic crisis in the 1980s. It is argued that patron-client politics in conjunction with a 'coincidence of interests' between local elite and international capital, entrenched the distorted mono-export dependent economy which, in turn, accelerated the economic decline and debt crisis of the 1980s. After presenting an overview of the Fund's philosophy and objectives, close attention is paid to the impact of SAPs on Zambia, especially in terms of how such policies as subsidy withdrawal, de-regulation and devaluation affected the economy, debt-reduction, health and education. While there is no incontrovertible evidence that adjustment policies caused the crisis, they have been largely ineffective in reversing Zambia's economic decline. In fact, due to the IMF's ahistorical and apolitical approach, any gains have been ephemeral and, in many instances, served to exacerbate the suffering of the population. Finally, Zambia's political structures have proved unable and unwilling to implement IMF reforms consistently and this underlies the central point that SAPs, as a strategy, cannot ensure long-term sustainable development.
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Ssonko, David K. W. "The impact of structural adjustment programmes on Uganda (with particular reference to Uganda Management Institute)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/72/.

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It is a requirement of the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) award of the University of Glasgow that the candidate undertakes a research which is relevant to the strategic development of his employing organisation.The overall aim of the DBA thesis is to conduct a critical and strategic analysis of the environment in which the candidate's organisation operates, and to demonstrate how this analysis might inform and contribute to the organisation's stragic planning and development. In this particular case the author is an employee of the Uganda Management Institute. In order to achive the above general objective and in conformity with the University of Glasgow DBA requirements, the author examined the environment through a series of five (5) Learning Goals. While handling each Learning Goal, a firm eye was directed towards its implications for Uganda Management Institute (UMI)strategy. In the final analysis, the views through those different Learning Goals(or lenses)were integrated to provide a more holistic appraisal of UMI's strategy. The following are the Learning Goals which were examined: 1. To conduct an initial strategic analysis of the business environment in which the Uganda Management Institute(UMI) operates which analysis should support the organisational goal. 2. To undertake a programme of study in reserch methods and data analysis likely to be relevant to the other Learning Goals. 3. To evaluate the context of the structural adjustment programmes(SAPs), past and contemporary, affecting the economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa and in particular the Ugandan economy. 4. To undertake a study of the structure, characteristics and performance of the market in Uganda for human resources and the related labour relations institutions and mechanisms. 5. To conduct a strategic analysis of the external, global environment in which the Uganda Management Institute will have to compete and survive.
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Lehloesa, Thembinkosi L. "South Africa's growth, employment and redistribution strategy in the context of structural adjustment programmes in the South." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003004.

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This study is a contribution to the ongoing debate concerning the future of South Africa’s macro-economic policy known as the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy. The study attempts to draw parallels between the GEAR macro-economic policy framework and structural adjustment programmes in the South. By making use of this comparison, the study argues that the outcome of the GEAR will be no different from structural adjustment programmes in that it will fail to reduce poverty and cause government to meet the basic needs of the people. These conclusions are drawn from the fact that the GEAR policy is premised on the faith that the market is capable of redistributing income and wealth, and providing people with their basic needs.
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Pornwilassiri, Saowalak. "The impact of Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Programme (ERSAP) and privatisation policy on the role of Egyptian professional women from 1991-2000." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249067.

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Kosaikanont, Romyen. "The socio-economic impact of the economic crisis and the economic structural adjustment programmes : a comparative study of a rural and peri-urban community in northern Thailand." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425871.

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Books on the topic "Economic Structural Adjustment Programme"

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Tanzania. Wizara ya Mipango na Uchumi. Structural adjustment programme for Tanzania. Daar es Salaam: Ministry of Planning and Economic Affairs, 1985.

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Tanzania. Wizara ya Mipango na Uchumi. Structural adjustment programme for Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: The Ministry, 1986.

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Akande, S. O. Poultry industry under structural adjustment programme. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), 1992.

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Akinyele, T. A. Budgeting under structural adjustment programme in Nigeria. Ibadan: Bolayele Commercial Press, 1988.

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Akanji, Bola. Cocoa marketing under Nigeria's structural adjustment programme. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1992.

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Asibuo, Samuel K. Effects of structural adjustment programme on housing. [Accra]: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 1994.

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Ihimodu, Ifeyori I. The structural adjustment programme and Nigeria's agricultural development. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Centre for Economic Management and Administration, 1993.

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Olomola, Ade. Rubber and fishery industries under structural adjustment programme. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), 1992.

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Kadenge, P. G. Zimbabwe's Structural Adjustment Programme: The first year experience. Harare: SAPES Books, 1992.

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Moyo, Sam. A preliminary review of Zimbabwe's Structural Adjustment Programme. [Belvedere, Harare, Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe Energy Research Organisation, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic Structural Adjustment Programme"

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Hutchful, Eboe. "From ‘Revolution’ to Monetarism: The Economics and Politics of the Adjustment Programme in Ghana." In Structural Adjustment in Africa, 92–131. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20398-7_5.

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Harvey, Charles. "Constraints on Sustained Recovery from Economic Disaster in Africa." In Constraints on the Success of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa, 130–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24373-0_7.

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Chiwele, Dennis. "Economic Adjustment, the Mining Sector and the Real Wage in Zambia." In Constraints on the Success of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa, 210–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24373-0_11.

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Chiwele, Dennis, and Christopher Colclough. "Economic Crisis, Adjustment and the Effectiveness of the Public Sector in Zambia." In Constraints on the Success of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa, 192–209. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24373-0_10.

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Kanyenze, Godfrey. "The Impact of Economic Stabilisation on the Wage Structure in Zimbabwe: 1980–90." In Constraints on the Success of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa, 52–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24373-0_4.

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Cilliers, Jakkie. "Africa’s Current Path." In The Future of Africa, 23–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46590-2_2.

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AbstractCilliers provides a summary and analysis of Africa’s development history since the 1980s including the impact of the Brundtland Commission report that culminated in the Millennium Development Goals and, in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals. Other key matters covered in the chapter are the impact of the various structural adjustment programmes, Africa’s growing dependence upon commodities, the continents rapid democratisation and slow pace of urbanisation. The chapter concludes with a summary of key characteristics of Africa’s likely future—the Current Path forecast to 2040—that includes a forecast of economic size, demographics, income and poverty levels. The chapter serves as essential backdrop to the struggle for development that is examined across different sectors in subsequent chapters.
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Jamal, Vali. "Adjustment Programmes and Adjustment: Confronting the New Parameters of African Economies." In Structural Adjustment and Rural Labour Markets in Africa, 1–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23820-0_1.

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Bello, Mairo V. "Women Organising under the Structural Adjustment Programme." In Confronting State, Capital and Patriarchy, 290–306. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24450-8_13.

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Langdon, Steven, Archibald R. M. Ritter, and Yiagadeesen Samy. "Macroeconomic Management, Debt and Structural Adjustment Plans." In African Economic Development, 395–422. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315690506-16.

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Singer, H. W. "Food Aid and Structural Adjustment Lending." In Economic Development and World Debt, 239–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20044-3_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic Structural Adjustment Programme"

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Zheng, Xuelin, Zhanxin Ma, Yunling Luo, and Jianye An. "Research on the Effectiveness of Economic Structural Adjustment in Tianjin." In 2015 International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Mathematics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msam-15.2015.90.

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Pirimbaev, Jusup. "Preconditions of Entering of Kyrgyzstan into the Eurasian Economic Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01443.

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In May 2015, Kyrgyzstan became a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, participation in which requires regulation of the economy, taking into account the goals and objectives of the Union. Today Kyrgyzstan is interested in the future of its membership in the EAEU: can we radically change the economic situation in the country and the structure of the economy. Kyrgyzstan's economy requires coordination with external actors in terms of domestic consumption and increasing export potential. To achieve this it is necessary: first, to develop a reasonable program of development of the industry, including the formation of large enterprises and their balanced arrangement in accordance with the level of productive forces; secondly, to make adjustments to the work of the construction sector in the building of not only housing complex, but also the development of infrastructure in all regions of the country and, thirdly, to follow the path of consolidation of the agricultural enterprises based on specialization, taking into account the export interests of Kyrgyzstan.
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Li, Bin. "Power Mechanism and Measures for Economic Transformation and Upgrade in Henan under the Background of Steady Growth and Structural Adjustment." In 2017 International Conference on Culture, Education and Financial Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccese-17.2017.161.

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Çiftçi, Hakkı. "Economic Cooperation in the World and Utopian Eurasia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02314.

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In the first part of this study, Economic Cooperation and Utopian Eurasia, the main characteristics of the new collaborations in the world, the concept of economic cooperation, the effects of the elements, the economic cooperation, the characteristics of structural adjustment, the global market targets with the economic cooperation, the adaptation possibilities and problems of the economic cooperation will be explained. Based on the Eurasian concept, the basic population, economic structure and development potential of the Eurasian Economic Union will be discussed. In the third and the last part, together with the transformations in the world, which carry the confrontational processes, it will be included in the contemporary communication to achieve the success of the economic cooperation by means of the common communication network and the changes in the areas where the rapid change between the political, economic, cultural, technological and social decision-making centers become up-to-date. the necessity of being equipped with sufficient information about economic associations and developments, the success of the country in the field of economy, the changes and developments occurring in the world will be evaluated in the context of Eurasian economic cooperation and the results and suggestions will be made.
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Stankowski, Alexander. "Advanced Thermochemical Cleaning Procedures for Structural Braze Repair Techniques." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30535.

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Hot gas path components of modern Industrial Gas Turbines (IGT) are exposed to extreme thermal, mechanical and chemical loading that ultimately leads to their deterioration. Modern GT designs provide for safe operation for a certain operation period. Higher firing temperatures and changing machine loads as a result of the deregulated markets call for highly sophisticated part designs and the use of cost-intensive superalloys. As the lifetime of critical parts is not infinite, they are reconditioned periodically or replaced to regain efficiency losses and to mitigate the risk of unscheduled outages due to hot gas path (HGP) failures. This paper presents advanced thermochemical preparation treatments that form the basis for the subsequent structural repairs, such as high temperature brazing. Before executing any repair step, coated components must be stripped of the consumed and degenerated coatings. Not all of the many techniques that are commonly used can guarantee reproducible and complete removal without damaging the substrate. Recently improved thermochemical techniques, such as a combination of advanced Chemical Stripping and Salt Bath Cleaning, enables the OEM to obtain clean components at low unit costs and for short processing times. In previous approaches, CrF2- and PTFE-based processes were used to clean surfaces and, principally, cracks from oxide scales before welding or brazing was carried out. These preparation techniques were indispensable for reworking superalloys, which cannot be cleaned sufficiently using conventional methods such as exposure under reducing atmospheres at high temperatures. Today, the high versatility of the “Dynamic Subatmospheric Fluoride Ion Cleaning” process (FIC) enables the OEM to run precisely tailored processes, allowing complete freedom to adjust the chemical activity of the gas phase and in so doing fulfil the specific conditions for any superalloy being reworked, even taking into account the varying grade of degradation sustained during service exposure. Weld repairs on superalloys are very sensitive to hot cracking, and high temperature brazing has established itself as a successful method for overcoming this problem. Furthermore, the intensively FIC cleaned surfaces can be regarded as the most important condition to enable a high quality bonding. Other key advantages of braze repairs are the uniform heat input that is possible, the high shape tolerance and the fact that multiple cracks can be simultaneously repaired. In addition, the brazing heat treatment allows controlled adjustment of the microstructural properties. Besides the economic benefits of the treatment, the brazed parts show excellent results in respect of their mechanical integrity. A schematic presentation of the repair sequence described in this paper is shown in the appendix (Fig. 17).
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Kriukova, Irina Vitalevna. "Demographic Problem in the Modern World Economy." In All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation, chair Natalia Igorevna Sokolova. Publishing house Sreda, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-97136.

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The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the current stage of development of the world economy is characterized by a deep structural adjustment, leading to increased differences between industrialized and developing countries. The need to analyze the processes taking place in the modern world economy, as well as the possible scenario of its development under the influence of the demographic factor, further confirms the relevance of this study. The study raises the problem of global economic security – the changing structure of the distribution of the world's population by country and region, the aging of the population in some states, and the formation of a young age structure and accelerated population growth in others.
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von Lensa, Werner, D. Bradbury, G. Cardinal, H. Eccles, J. Fachinger, B. Grambow, M. J. Grave, B. J. Marsden, and G. Pina. "CARBOWASTE: New EURATOM Project on ‘Treatment and Disposal of Irradiated Graphite and Other Carbonaceous Waste’." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58280.

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A new European Project has been launched in April 2008 under the 7th EURATOM Framework Programme (FP7-211333), with a duration of four years, addressing the ‘Treatment and Disposal of Irradiated Graphite and other Carbonaceous Waste (CARBOWASTE)’. The objective of this project is the development of best practices in the retrieval, treatment and disposal of irradiated graphite & carbonaceous waste-like structural material e.g. non-graphitised carbon bricks and fuel coatings (pyrocarbon, silicon carbide). It addresses both legacy waste as well as waste from future generations of graphite-based nuclear fuel. After defining the various targets for an integrated waste management, comprehensive analysis of the key stages from in-reactor storage to final disposal will then be undertaken with regard to the most economic, environmental and sustainable options. This will be supported by a characterisation programme to localize the contamination in the microstructure of the irradiated graphite and so more to better understand their origin and the release mechanisms during treatment and disposal. It has been discovered that a significant part of the contamination (including 14C) can be removed by thermal, chemical or even microbiological treatment. The feasibility of the associated processes will be experimentally investigated to determine and optimise the decontamination factors. Reuse of the purified material will also be addressed to close the ‘Graphite Cycle’ for future graphite moderated reactors. The disposal behaviour of graphite and carbonaceous wastes and the improvement of suitable waste packages will be another focus of the programme. The CARBOWASTE project is of major importance for the deployment of HTR as each HTR module generates (during a 60 years operational lifetime) about 5,000 to 10,000 metric tonnes of contaminated graphite containing some Peta-Becquerel of radiocarbon. It is strongly recommended to take decommissioning and waste management issues of graphite-moderated reactors already into account when designing new HTR concepts.
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Toumpis, Athanasios I., Alexander M. Galloway, Duncan Camilleri, and Larbi Arbaoui. "Recent Developments in Steel Friction Stir Welding: Project HILDA." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51349.

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Friction stir welding of steel presents an array of advantages across many industrial sectors compared to conventional fusion welding techniques. Preliminary studies have identified many positive effects on the properties of welded steel components. However, the fundamental knowledge of the process in relation to structural steel remains relatively limited, hence industrial uptake has been essentially non-existent to this date. The European-funded project HILDA, the first of its kind in terms of breadth and depth, is concerned with enhancing the understanding of the process on low alloy steel, establishing its limits in terms of the two more significant parameters which can be directly controlled, tool traverse and rotational speed, thus improving its techno-economic competitiveness to fusion welding. A detailed study investigated the effect of process parameters on the evolved microstructure. In parallel, a full programme of mechanical testing was undertaken to generate data on hardness, impact toughness and fatigue. From this, it has been established that friction stir welding of steel produces high integrity joints that exhibit excellent fatigue properties. From a simulation perspective, a local microstructural numerical model has been developed to predict the microstructural evolution within the weld zone during friction stir welding of low alloy steel. This model concentrates on predicting grain size evolution due to dynamic recrystallization with respect to tool traverse and rotational speed. Furthermore, a computational efficient local-global numerical model capable of predicting the thermal transients, stir and heat affected zone, residual stresses and distortion produced by friction stir welding of DH36 plates is presented.
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Martell, Meritxell, and Anne Bergmans. "Potential Scenarios for Broadening Stakeholder Involvement in the Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96151.

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This paper analyses the potential for the involvement of different types of stakeholders in the Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform (IGD-TP). This analysis was conducted as part of the InSOTEC project, a three-year (2011–2014) collaborative research project funded under the 7th Euratom Framework Programme (Grant Agreement nr. 269906). In our analysis, we consider the extent to which the IGD-TP’s practice as regards to stakeholder involvement matches its discourse, and what potential for improvement exists given its structural organisation as a European Technology Platform (ETPs). Technology Platforms (TPs) can be understood as knowledge networks, deliberately set up to influence (research) policy in a specific domain. We therefore use knowledge networks as a conceptual approach and look at the IGD-TP as a complex network which includes actors, knowledge and practices across different countries, focusing on a very specific topic (i.e. implementing geological disposal). We compare the way different stakeholders are involved in the IGD-TP to the practice of other ETPs, and explore how the IGD-TP is viewed by its members and by outsiders to the platform. Applying Callon’s framework of knowledge co-production (1999) we come to define different degrees of interaction between science, society and policy in view of defining research and development (R&D) priorities [1]. Subsequently we describe how these interactions could be conceptualised and interpreted for the IGD-TP. The current approach of the IGD-TP can be mainly understood as classical model involving mainly expert stakeholders and scientists. Where there seems to be a good representation among IGD-TP members of industry, research institutes, and some members of the academic community this is not the case for other types of stakeholders, such as public authorities or civil society. At this stage, the overall approach of the IGD-TP would seem to restrict the scope of stakeholder involvement, as it narrows participation down to uniquely technology experts, hindering socio-technical manifestations. Our analysis nevertheless shows that there is room for engaging with a broader range of stakeholders in the field of radioactive waste management, if this is the intention of the IGD-TP. However, this would require a commitment to developing a common knowledge base including other stakeholders through a process of mutual adjustment and negotiation.
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Reports on the topic "Economic Structural Adjustment Programme"

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Masset, Edoardo. Combining economic modelling and randomised controlled trials: An unexploited synergyCombining economic modelling and randomised controlled trials: An unexploited synergy. Edited by Radhika Menon. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb3.

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Over the last decade, many researchers have conducted randomised trials alongside economic models. The work of these researchers has shown that both approaches are strengthened by their combined use and the conclusions they lead to are full of policy implications. In the latest CEDIL Methods Brief, Edoardo Masset, Research Director, CEDIL Programme, uses three examples to offer tips on the application of modelling to evaluate development interventions and explore various policy questions. The brief shows that models and experiments should be seen as complementary, rather than as alternative approaches. This brief is based on the CEDIL Inception Paper No. 9, Structural Modelling in Policy Making, by Orazio Attanasio and Debbie Blair. This paper is available on the CEDIL website.
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