Dissertations / Theses: 'Economic Structural Adjustment Programme'

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Ncube, Douglas. "A country-specific economic structural adjustment programme model for the acgricultural sector : a case study of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Derby, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/200673.

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Traditionally, agriculture has been one of the mainstays of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) economies and plays a pivotal and vital role in economic activity and development (Westlake, 1994). Africa has been a net importer of foodstuffs over the last thirty years (Smith, 1999). This led the donor community to spotlight the agricultural sector as an area where reforms were badly needed. Since the 1970s the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) have driven Economic Structural Adjustment Programmes (ESAP) in SSA with varying degrees of success (FAO, 1988). Zimbabwe's independence, in 1980, coincided with the start of the first decade of structural adjustment in SSA.

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Munjoma, Thomas. "Property investment under an economic structural adjustment programme : the case of the Harare Central Business District office development." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU117158.

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In Zimbabwe, the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) was introduced in 1991, at which time, intense office development activities started in the Harare City Centre. The fundamental aim of this study, therefore, was to identify and explain the driving forces behind office development activities in the Harare City Centre during ESAP (1991-5). Effort was made to reveal the effects of ESAP on the office development process. Three hypotheses from neo-classical (supply and demand), Marxist structuralism (circuits of capital) and structuration (structure and agency) perspectives were proposed to identify and explain the forces driving office development in the Harare City Centre during ESAP. Twenty-four development sites formed the population of properties identified for the study, of which six were selected for detailed examination. This research established that during the early phases of ESAP, demand for office space was fairly robust. With further property development, full occupation of the new space could be achieved only through tenant relocations and 'sweetheart' deals to seduce tenants into occupying new offices. Direct foreign participation in the Harare office development was not significant at all. That was mainly due to a combination of prohibitive legislation relating to foreign investment in property, and the failure of Zimbabwe to compete as an attractive investment destination for global capital. However, important structural changes such as planning policy and practice, reduction of the prescribed asset ratios of institutional investments, increases in inflation and so forth, were identified. Historically, institutional investors were underweight in property and, therefore, used the opportunity to select properties consistent with their long term objectives. It was concluded that the structure and agency approach presented an explanation of the Harare Office development superior to that of the other perspectives. Although ESAP facilitated the procurement of world class facilities and finishes, it had negative implications for the construction industry through high inflation, increases in building costs, the closure of firms and general economic decline.

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Berolsky, Nuno Goncalo. "An evaluation of IMF structural adjustment programmes : lessons for South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002668.

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The mixed results of International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes in less developed countries are a major motivation for this research. Explanations must be advanced as to what may inhibit the success of such programmes. South Africa has often found itself in a precarious position- with a deteriorating balance of payments, a position similar to other countries that have accepted IMF loans. Furthermore, South Africa undertook an IMF loan in 1993. Financial support from the IMF incorporates structural adjustment programmes. These may include measures such as tighter monetary policy, reduction in the budget deficit, exchange rate devaluation and ceilings on domestic credit with increased interest rates (Ferguson, 1988). These policies illustrate the principle of ‘conditionality,’ whereby access to further loans is conditional on certain criteria being met, such as reduced budget deficits and inflation rates. The principle of conditionality has met with a great deal of criticism. Bacha (1987) and Dell (1982) argue that these aggregate demand-reducing conditions more often than not stagnate domestic economies, worsening the balance of payment and result in programme breakdowns. Essentially, they refer to the IMF conditions as ‘unrealistic.’ The IMF denies this, arguing that shortfalls are mainly due to a lack of political commitment to carry out its conditions (Winters, 1994). This issue of conditionality will be examined in detail, using three specific case studies. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of Brazil, Mexico and Zambia to see whether or not the IMF programmes were successful. Guidelines will be established for South African policy from these case studies. South Africa is trying to adjust to the competitiveness of the international economy. At the same time, the need for reconstruction and development exerts increasing pressures on the balance of payments. Guidelines are established for a successful economic adjustment for South Africa. The research concludes that South Africa is certainly in line for a successful transformation. The rigidities are not as extensive as has been the case in Brazil and Zambia. Institutionally, South Africa is sound. However there are still challenges in this area, such as export diversification and economic stability to attract foreign investment.

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Dasah, Bernard Zori. "Neoclassical economics and the role of information, communication, and culture in socio-economic development : a case study of the structural adjustment programme in Ghana." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35999.

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For close to two decades the leading international financial organizations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, have imposed their structural adjustment programme on Third World countries, notably in Sub-Saharan African, creating forms of neoclassical financial management at an unsurpassed rate. However, the thesis argues that this approach does not distinguish adequately between policies favourable to the growth and prosperity of developed countries and those pertaining to developing countries in part because the paradigm has an impoverished notion of information, communication, and culture. By fostering this economic paradigm in developing countries, these organizations may, in effect, be imposing an inconsistent model on them in many respects. This thesis explores this conundrum with particular reference to the model's concepts of information, communication, and culture and the consequences of these concepts on the application of the model in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in Ghana.
The thesis employs case studies to demonstrate the impact of cultural imperatives on the neoclassical economic concepts of efficiency of competition, trade liberalization, currency devaluation, public expenditure reduction, and privatization promoted by the structural adjustment programme. It suggests that some of the failures of the programme may be ascribed to the great differences between the imperatives of neoclassical economics and the cultural realities of Sub-Saharan Africa.
The thesis takes the position that the incorporation of an understanding of culture and economy similar to that of the communicologists' holistic and wider perspective on economics and economic systems would ameliorate many weaknesses of the structural adjustment programmes of the IMF and the World Bank and enhance the effectiveness of future structural adjustment programmes.

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Dasah, Bernard Z. "Neoclassical economics and the role of information, communication, and culture in socio-economic development, a case study of the structural adjustment programme in Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/NQ55318.pdf.

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Makan, Amita. "The impact of structural adjustment programmes upon the political economy of Zambia: a critical analysis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003010.

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This study begins with a statistical survey setting out the parameters of Zambia's socio-economic decline in the 1980s. In order to unravel the complex reasons for the crisis, the study develops and employs an historical structural framework which emphasises the interconnectedness of historical, political, economic and social processes . Thereafter, an explanation of Zambia's political and economic development is presented as a background for understanding how and why the IMF came to play an increasingly decisive role in the management of the economic crisis in the 1980s. It is argued that patron-client politics in conjunction with a 'coincidence of interests' between local elite and international capital, entrenched the distorted mono-export dependent economy which, in turn, accelerated the economic decline and debt crisis of the 1980s. After presenting an overview of the Fund's philosophy and objectives, close attention is paid to the impact of SAPs on Zambia, especially in terms of how such policies as subsidy withdrawal, de-regulation and devaluation affected the economy, debt-reduction, health and education. While there is no incontrovertible evidence that adjustment policies caused the crisis, they have been largely ineffective in reversing Zambia's economic decline. In fact, due to the IMF's ahistorical and apolitical approach, any gains have been ephemeral and, in many instances, served to exacerbate the suffering of the population. Finally, Zambia's political structures have proved unable and unwilling to implement IMF reforms consistently and this underlies the central point that SAPs, as a strategy, cannot ensure long-term sustainable development.

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Ssonko, David K. W. "The impact of structural adjustment programmes on Uganda (with particular reference to Uganda Management Institute)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/72/.

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It is a requirement of the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) award of the University of Glasgow that the candidate undertakes a research which is relevant to the strategic development of his employing organisation.The overall aim of the DBA thesis is to conduct a critical and strategic analysis of the environment in which the candidate's organisation operates, and to demonstrate how this analysis might inform and contribute to the organisation's stragic planning and development. In this particular case the author is an employee of the Uganda Management Institute. In order to achive the above general objective and in conformity with the University of Glasgow DBA requirements, the author examined the environment through a series of five (5) Learning Goals. While handling each Learning Goal, a firm eye was directed towards its implications for Uganda Management Institute (UMI)strategy. In the final analysis, the views through those different Learning Goals(or lenses)were integrated to provide a more holistic appraisal of UMI's strategy. The following are the Learning Goals which were examined: 1. To conduct an initial strategic analysis of the business environment in which the Uganda Management Institute(UMI) operates which analysis should support the organisational goal. 2. To undertake a programme of study in reserch methods and data analysis likely to be relevant to the other Learning Goals. 3. To evaluate the context of the structural adjustment programmes(SAPs), past and contemporary, affecting the economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa and in particular the Ugandan economy. 4. To undertake a study of the structure, characteristics and performance of the market in Uganda for human resources and the related labour relations institutions and mechanisms. 5. To conduct a strategic analysis of the external, global environment in which the Uganda Management Institute will have to compete and survive.

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Lehloesa, Thembinkosi L. "South Africa's growth, employment and redistribution strategy in the context of structural adjustment programmes in the South." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003004.

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This study is a contribution to the ongoing debate concerning the future of South Africa’s macro-economic policy known as the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy. The study attempts to draw parallels between the GEAR macro-economic policy framework and structural adjustment programmes in the South. By making use of this comparison, the study argues that the outcome of the GEAR will be no different from structural adjustment programmes in that it will fail to reduce poverty and cause government to meet the basic needs of the people. These conclusions are drawn from the fact that the GEAR policy is premised on the faith that the market is capable of redistributing income and wealth, and providing people with their basic needs.

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Pornwilassiri, Saowalak. "The impact of Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Programme (ERSAP) and privatisation policy on the role of Egyptian professional women from 1991-2000." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249067.

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Kosaikanont, Romyen. "The socio-economic impact of the economic crisis and the economic structural adjustment programmes : a comparative study of a rural and peri-urban community in northern Thailand." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425871.

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Klos, Benjamin. "The quest for a panacea : a comparative varieties of capitalism analysis of the economic adjustment programmes in Greece and Ireland." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14806.

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The economic crisis in the European Union has raised numerous policy questions. It has also raised many important questions for scholars. One of these is the question of why we have witnessed such radically divergent reform speeds in different countries under Economic Adjustment Programmes. Closer examination of these Programmes clearly shows their high degree of uniformity, so that the answer cannot be found in the nature of policy input. This thesis instead takes a Varieties of Capitalism approach. Looking in depth at the cases of Greece and Ireland, which represent polar opposites of the spectrum of economic models within the EU, this thesis argues that success of Economic Adjustment Programmes crucially depends on a country’s pre-existing economic model. This insight challenges the current approach to crisis resolution, which endorses a ‘one size fits all’ approach to structural reforms. An adapted version of Bruno Amable’s Varieties of Capitalism (VOC) approach is conducive to detailed analysis, as it permits disaggregating the structural reform agenda according to five institutional areas. Thus, reform patterns can be compared between countries as well as between institutional areas. The hypothesis put forward in this dissertation is that the reforms promoted in Greece and Ireland can be accurately described as a reform trajectory intended to take both countries closer to a market based variety of capitalism. The analysis, based on textual analysis of the Economic Adjustment Programmes, as well as interviews with Greek, Irish and European policy-makers, suggests that VOC predicts reform trajectories largely accurately. The application of Amable’s approach also revealed its weaknesses, particularly in underestimating the role of political decision making in times of crisis through a rather mechanistic conceptualisation of the EAP implementation process. This is addressed through the inclusion of Streeck and Thelen’s mapping of political responses to external change, adding an important component to the VOC literature and making it suitable to the analysis of reform in crisis conditions.

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Gumede, Nyawo Basirio Simbi. "Economic structural adjustment programmes in the Southern African development community : an analysis of impact and policy considerations with special reference to Zambia and Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9748.

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Bibliography: leaves 183-189.
This study is primarily aimed at examining the impact of World Bank / IMF, structural adjustment programmes in the SADC region. However, the main focus of the study was on Zimbabwe and Zambia. These World Bank / IMF-influenced perestroikas, are believed to be viable panacea, for the state of economic malaise prevalent in the SADC region. In undertaking this research, various methods were utilised to acquire data. A case study approach was used. However, the main method of data collection which was heavily relied upon was document study. The collected data was analysed and presented in both graphical and tabular form. This study, inter alia, established that the implementation of IMF / WB structural adjustment programmes in the SADC region has precipitated a plethora of insurmountable socio-economic problems for the citizenry of both Zimbabwe and Zambia. Furthermore, the research has revealed that IMF / WB influenced structural adjustment programmes have culminated in large-scale unemployment, retrenchments, an acute decline in educational and health standards, ever-skyrocketing food prices, rents, taxes, mass exodus of qualified human resources to greener pastures, big debts, inflation and labour strikes in Zimbabwe and Zambia.

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Weckström, Breidenstein Regina. "Economic globalization and social conflicts in developing countries : A qualitative case study on the relationship between economic globalization and social conflicts in Benin and Zambia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341400.

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Economic globalization is said to promote peace and prosperity while reducing poverty and deter conflicts. Liberal scholars argue that economic globalization is more important than good governance/democracy for deterring conflict, and that the pacifying effects of economic globalization are universal. Dependency theorists on the other hand, argue that economic globalization is only beneficial for the core countries of the world while the periphery countries are being exploited of resources in exchange for instability and inequality. However, if economic globalization is more important than good governance and democracy, why then are there many developing countries with high levels of economic globalization and poverty and conflict? This study set out to examine the relationship between economic globalization and social conflicts in developing countries and found that the likelihood of social conflict increases with higher levels of economic globalization in developing countries.

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Uzukwu, Elochukwu Eugene. "Book Reviews: Alfred T. Hennelly (editor), "Liberation Theology. A Documentary History," and United Nations Economic Commission for Aftrica. "African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmes for Socio-Economic Recovery and Transformation. A Popular Version."." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1993. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,1596.

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Thiboutot, Monika. "CURES TO STALLED DEVELOPMENT: CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS TO ECONOMIC CRISIS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2776.

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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate some of the contending issues associated with economic underdevelopment in sub-Saharan African states. Specifically, this thesis focuses on the combined effects of World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) economic austerity programs, the increased spread of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and the continuous democratic deficit on the sluggish economic performance within four sub-Saharan African countries – Ghana, Kenya, Botswana and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The research questions are: are there any unique political, cultural, and economic issues that underscore and determine the path of sub-Saharan African development? What are the potentials for sub-Saharan Africa going beyond its present state of socioeconomic and political underdevelopment? Can sub-Saharan African nation-states truly claim the 21st century? It is hoped that what is learned from examining the situation in these four countries may be generalizeable to other sub-Saharan African states. This thesis has been written with the conviction that sub-Saharan Africa, although it has missed opportunities over the past thirty years, has not completely closed the door on economic development. Although sub-Saharan African conditions have not favored development and there is no simple solution for sub-Saharan Africa's economic and social ills, there are a number of 'common sense' approaches toward sustainable economic and social development. This thesis examines why sub-Saharan Africa's economic crisis has persevered for three decades, and why efforts to establish and uphold more effective economic policies and functioning public institutions have been so much more difficult in sub-Saharan Africa than elsewhere. My account concentrates on political and institutional factors: I explore how the predicament has progressed over the last thirty years, and the repercussions of the long-term nature of this predicament. The focal purpose is to identify and explain the causes which have kept sub-Saharan Africa for several decades mired in an ostensibly permanent crisis. The general theme of the thesis emphasizes that politics and economics are interconnected in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, the thesis focuses on the changing role of politics and markets in the process of economic development since the 1970s – and prospects for the future of this region.
M.A.
Department of Political Science
Sciences
Political Science

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Koyuncu, Murat. "Social Policy As A Missing Component In Post-crisis Programs Of Bretton Woods Institutions: A Comparative Analysis Of The Experiences Of Argentina, Indonesia And Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605256/index.pdf.

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This study investigates the socioeconomic effects of the economic crises and the post-crisis programs based on the experiences of Argentina, Indonesia and Turkey. For this purpose, main socioeconomic indicators of these countries are analyzed for the 1990-2002 period by utilizing the before-after methodology. The comparative analysis of the results shows that significant deteriorations in the socioeconomic indicators of these countries had occurred in the crisis periods. In addition, the social policy components of post-crisis programs of these countries are analyzed. In this regard, it is found that the governments and the BWIs are more likely to incorporate active social policy measures, which would mitigate the negative socioeconomic effects of the crises on the households, into the post-crisis programs under the presence of significant public pressure emanating from social protests.

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Moleka, Elvis Musango. "Inflation dynamics and its effects on monetary policy rules." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687344.

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This thesis examines dynamic relationships between inflation and monetary policy in a sample of African economies using quarterly data over the period 1980:01 to 2012:04. The literature on inflation dynamics and monetary policy focuses on developed economies, with little attention devoted to the African economies, which is potentially explained by the fact that in the past monetary policy played second fiddle because of fiscal policy dominance following episodes of high inflation and stabilization policies that occurred in the 1980's. This thesis fills an important gap in assessing African's monetary policy. The thesis predominantly uses the Vector-Autoregression (VAR) framework to examine the monetary policy frameworks of the African economies. The thesis finds that an interest rate shock on average explain a more significant proportion of the variance in the output gap and inflation than the exchange rate, in terms of analysing the decomposition of shocks to the economy. This shows a shift in the monetary policy focus away from exchange rate management to interest rate targeting as the African economies have become more market oriented. The monetary policy reveal strong asymmetric responses with respect to the macroeconomic variables when inflation exceeds its threshold value. The analysis suggests that monetary policy in the African economies is regime-dependent, propagated through the inflation thresholds, such that the authorities strongly implement policy changes when inflation goes beyond a certain threshold. The thesis reveals that by taking into account the prior belief of the monetary authorities, it helps produce better estimates of the performance of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, as it combines prior information with the sampling information which is contained in the data. The overall novelty of the thesis is that some African economies are adopting inflation targeting policies instead of exchange rate management. It is imperative that the subsequent inflation targeting frameworks will achieve monetary policy objectives for the African economies and the use of interest rate management should be continued.

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Lahdenperä, Jori, and Shehzad Humayoun. "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) & World BankStructural Adjustment Programs : Review study of adjustment-aid theory." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9978.

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Monetary funding to developing countries is today accompanied by so called “Structural Adjustment Programs” (SAPs) imposed by the IMF and the World Bank, consisting of economical policy reforms that the countries have to undergo in order to be eligible for loans. The impact of these adjustment loans is widely criticized due to the negative effects observed. Our purpose is to investigate in depth why these adjustment programs have not delivered the expected results. We’ve found that there exist some undesirable consequences following SAP implementation that has a hindering effect on growth. These, combined with the complicate context in which the IMF and World Bank operates can be seen as the explanation for the adversity experienced.

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Fernández, Luis Felipe Gorjón. "Structural adjustment in Mexico : social and economic impacts." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685429.

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This dissertation analyses the period of Structural Adjustment in Mexico from 1986 to 1999. This includes the liberalisation of the incentive system and the restoration of investment. The research work presented here looks at the effect of an aspect of structural adjustment policy - trade reform -on labour market outcomes at the household level, in Mexico, by considering a large number of observations (household members), from a number of cities, over a period of thirteen years. It examines whether Mexico should have used alternative policies in order to improve the economic and social conditions of the poor. The main questions explored by this dissertation are: What has been the impact of adjustment on Mexican macroeconomic indicators directly related to poverty? Were migration and remittances affected by the adjustment process? The specific research questions are: 1. How did the effects of economic reform on wage and employment vary with age and gender in the short and medium term? Did this relationship change over time? 2. Did structural adjustment and trade liberalisation harm or help the poor? 3. Did the reforms help the poor indirectly through their positive effect on economic growth? 4. What were the effects of macroeconomic policy on aggregate measures of welfare - average wage, proportion of individuals unemployed? 5. What happened to migration and remittances during the analysed period? There are three separate analyses. The first two use repeated cross-sectional models to determine the effects of policy, economic conditions and household characteristics on wages, the probability of being unemployed and employed in the informal sector, as well as the probability of being poor. It is important to mention that this study refers mainly to the urban population. It is the use of household characteristics as control variables in the determination of welfare that distinguishes the models here from the macroeconomic models commonly used. For comparison, a third analysis uses a traditional time series model to measure the effects of policy and economic conditions on aggregate measures of welfare.

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Muuka, Nkombo. "The impact of Zambia's 1983-1993 structural adjustment programme on business strategy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20050.

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As Zambia entered the 1980s with its economy continuing to weaken further at every turn, it eventually dawned on policy makers and implementers that the buoyant copper years of the previous decade and half may never come back. Although the country had stand-by-agreements (SBAs) with the IMF from as far back as 1973, there was still hope in the decade that followed that the copper-led problems were transitory. By 1983 these hopes could no longer be sustained, as the country's growth engine -copper - assumed impossible-to-ignore sputtering levels. In came the structural adjustment programme (SAP), whose inevitability and necessity this study completely identifies with. Among the major objectives of Zambia's SAP have been and continue to be: diversification away from copper by promoting non-copper, non-traditional exports; reduction or elimination of balance of payments (BOP) deficits; switching production from non-tradables to tradables and, ultimately, resumption of higher rates of economic performance. Reduction in the level of inflation, reduction in government budget deficits, and reduction in the level of unemployment have also occupied the front rank in the country's recovery efforts. This study - from a Business Policy background by a management scholar - has looked at the impact of Zambia's 1983-93 SAP on manufacturing sector business strategy. It uses as its main contribution, results of an empirical study of the impact of SAP on 43 manufacturing firms in Zambia. At the macro-level, the fundamental causes of Zambia's structural crisis are found to be quite diverse and complex. Some causes are rooted in history, some in nature, some in the external environment, and yet others in wrong domestic policies. Structural rigidities in the economy are found to be largely un-altered despite a 10-year attempt at adjustment. The economy is also plagued by what we have called here the 4-D Syndrome - that is Debt, Drought, Dependence on primary exports and imported raw materials, and Disease.

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Sakr, Khaled. "The Dutch Disease and structural adjustment in Egypt (1974-1992)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387988.

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Pirzadeh, Ali. "The impact of adjustment program in Romania /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10315.

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Monasterios, Perez Karin. "Structural adjustment and the collapse of the Bolivian model of accumulation." Ottawa, 1994.

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Silva, Omarildo Luís da. "O impacto da economia informal no processo de desenvolvimento na África Subsariana." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2778.

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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
A economia informal é seguramente um dos grandes temas deste século. É um fenómeno cada vez mais frequente no mundo, principalmente nos países da África Subsariana. Na África Subsaariana o sector da economia informal advém em grande parte da má afectação dos recursos económicos e financeiros, tanto nacionais como provenientes do estrangeiro (comércio, investimentos ou ajuda), o que, em geral, teve como resultado, uma deficiente implementação das estratégias para o desenvolvimento e uma dificuldade acrescida da pretendida “modernização” do continente africano. Sendo assim, pretende-se analisar a economia informal antes de mais como “forma de sobrevivência” perante a ineficácia do Estado, a deficiência dos mercados internos, a falta de recursos humanos adequados e a fraqueza do tecido empresarial africano, procurando demonstrar que ela é menos uma causa do que uma consequência do não desenvolvimento. Tendo presente, as várias tentativas de aplicação de modelos económicos propostos pelo Banco Mundial e o Fundo Monetário Internacional, procurar-se-á averiguar igualmente até que ponto a falta de indústrias, a dificuldade de modernização e de políticas económicas adaptáveis as realidades africanas contribuem para a proliferação da economia informal.
The informal economy is certainly one of the major themes of this century. It is an increasingly widespread phenomenon in the world, mainly in Sub-Saharan African countries. In sub-Saharan Africa the informal sector of the economy stems largely from the misallocation of economic and financial resources, both national and from abroad (trade, investment or aid), which, in general, resulted in a poor implementation of strategies for the development and an increasing difficulty of the intended "modernization" of the African continent. Therefore, it is intended to analyze the informal economy first and foremost as "a means of survival" to the inefficiency of the State, the deficiency of internal markets, lack of adequate human resources and the weakness of African business, trying to demonstrate that it is less a cause than a consequence of not developing. Bearing in mind, the various attempts of applying economic models proposed by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, search will also investigate to what extent the lack of industry, of economic policies adaptable to African realities and the difficulty of modernization contribute to proliferation of the informal economy.

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Börjeson, Natasja. "Coffee is money, maize is food : Discussing agricultural specialization in Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1080.

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This paper deals with the economic development of Tanzania and especially with the development of the smallholders. My aim is to study whether the Structural Adjustment Programmes have helped to facilitate growth in the agricultural and export-sector and if the reforms implemented through the programmes have made agricultural specialization easier and improved the economic situation for the smallholders.

In this paper, I will discuss that there might be significant limitations in the favours received due to SAP and that the Structural Adjustment Programmes because of this may not be the model for agricultural development as it is claimed by the initiators; the World Bank and the IMF. On the contrary, I present the idea that SAP can be said to have failed in its undertaking and that the reforms might not be suitable for the smallholder sector. I will in the paper argue that SAP has not facilitated an agricultural specialization and that this has much to do with the increase of production costs that the smallholders have been faced with after the reforms. And because of this it could be argued that the Structural Adjustment Programmes might not be an appropriate development strategy for Tanzania, if the country is to achieve growth through specialization. Consequently, there might be reason to believe that the reforms not are overall suitable for the Tanzanian development, considering that a growth within the agricultural smallholder sector is crucial for Tanzania to achieve a long term economic growth.

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Peng, Zhaoyang. "External shocks and structural adjustment in the post-reform Chinese economy--the case of the 1986 oil price fall /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php3983.pdf.

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Benhin, James Kofi Appiah. "The effects of the structural adjustment programme on deforestation in Ghana, with a comparison to Cameroon." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325598.

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Heredia-Zubieta, Carlos Antonio. "The Mexican crisis : the neoliberal model of structural adjustment on trial, 1982-1985." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65334.

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de, Hollanda Guimaraes Ferreira Francisco. "Structural adjustment, income distribution and the role of government : theory and evidence from Brazil." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2842/.

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This thesis discusses the impacts of some policies associated with structural adjustment on the distribution of incomes. It consists of three parts. An institutional chapter surveys and assesses the evolution of views on international debt and adjustment in the economics profession in the late 1970s and in the 1980s, with a special focus on the World Bank's contribution. This chapter provides a general historical background to the more specific models and case studies that follow. A theoretical part considers the long term implications for income distribution of the post-adjustment permanent reduction in the role of government in the public provision of some important inputs, such as health care, education and infrastructure. Chapter 3 derives an endogenous steady-state wealth distribution which is used to investigate the consequences of changes in public investment for equality of opportunity in a world with imperfect capital markets. Chapter 4 considers various policy options for a benign government in that context and discusses comparative statics properties of its optimal size. Chapter 5 extends the analysis into a context with steady-state growth in per-capita incomes and focuses on long-run behavioural consequences of a smaller government when the poor are more dependent on public investment than the rich. Saving behaviour and hence rates of capital accumulation are shown to differ, with persistent inequality-augmenting effects. Finally, the empirical part describes the evolution of the distribution of income - and of some poverty indicators - in Brazil during the 1980s. Using a large repeated cross-section household survey data set, the final two chapters demonstrate the increases in inequality during this period of failed stabilization policies, by means of scalar measures and of a battery of stochastic dominance results. The sensitivity of the inequality (and poverty) measures to variations in the equivalence scale used to compare incomes is investigated. Possible explanations for the behaviour of inequality are suggested by means of static and dynamic decompositions by recipient subgroups, and by some simple but intuitively appealing correlations and regressions on basic macroeconomic variables.

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Kurdi, Walid Adnan. "The impact of structural adjustment on the Turkish economy : the 1980s and 1970s compared." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5661/.

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The main issue that this research deals with is the evaluation of the structural adjustment policies adopted in 1980. Their impact on the Turkish economy is assessed, and comparisons are made with the 1970s. Econometric methods are used to assist the evaluation and two models, based on the Klein model I, are developed and compared. This study also includes an analysis of the changes that occurred at the sectoral level (agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism) as a result of the 1980 structural adjustment programme. In addition, the thesis contains a review of the literature on structural adjustment. An overview of the Turkish economy is provided including the economic policies implemented by different Turkish governments in 1978 and 1979.The research findings show the need to stabilise the exchange rate. Inflation has been exacerbated by continuing depreciation. Domestic supply, in particular industrial production, is the key determinant of exports, not the exchange rate. In addition, floating interest rates, which rose substantially in the 1980s, appear to have a moderate positive impact on savings and credits. Also, the evidence suggests that structural adjustment has improved income distribution in Turkey. At the sectoral level, there is a need to increase investment in manufacturing, liberalise agricultural prices, and increase the role of tourism as a source of foreign exchange.

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Nyoni, Shuvai Busuman. "African democracy at a crossroads : structural adjustment, economic crisis and political turbulence in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3705.

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Kušić, Siniša. "Privatisierung im Transformationsprozess das Beispiel der Republik Kroatien /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47767866.html.

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Nielson, Daniel L. "The development shift : the political economy of policy adjustment and institutional reform /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9835383.

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Racsa, Patrick N. Pham Van Hoang. "Measurement of total factor productivity growth in countries with high rates of structural change." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5191.

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Straub, Stefan. "Staatliche Eingriffe bei Strukturkrisen eine allokationspolitische Systematisierung am Beispiel der Schwerindustrie in den Transformationsländern in Mittelosteuropa /." Aachen : Shaker, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48267694.html.

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Strauss, Tove. "Governance and structural adjustment programs : effects on investment, growth, and income distribution." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-639.

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This dissertation consists of three essays (and a short introductory chapter). Essay 1: Growth and Government - Is there a Difference between Developed and Developing Countries? In this essay we examine the role of government for growth in 64 industrialized and developing countries, considering both expenditure and financing aspects of government. Recognizing that there are differences between the two country groups leading to severe heteroskedasticity, we use weighted least squared estimations. The general conclusion is that the means of financing matters more for growth than do government spending. We find that seigniorage and budget surplus are important for growth in LDCs but not in industrialized countries, while capital revenue matters only in the latter group. Moreover, the level of indebtedness is a negative determinant of growth in LDCs. Essay 2: Economic Reforms and the Poor. This essay analyzes the effects of economic reform for different income groups. Our interest is spurred by the international debate on the social consequences of reforms and the potential adverse effects on poverty in particular. We find that the poor are in general positively affected by inflationary control, structural reforms and trade reforms, while reducing government consumption affect the poorest income quintile negatively. In contries having undertaken World Bank financed reforms actual income of the poor was higher than predicted. Moreover, as the impact of reforms was strongest on the poor, World Bank support appears to reduce income inequality. Essay 3: Structural Reforms, Uncertainty and Private Investment. Since almost two decades back a large number of LDCs have embarked on World Bank supported structural adjustment programs with the objective to promote economic growth and private investment. We consider how the design of reform programs can increase reform credibility and thus reduce uncertainty in the economy. Using a unique database on adjustment lending, we test the effects of reform on private investment behavior. We find that while political factors seem to have no effect on private investment response in reforming countries, magnitudes as well as scope of reform are important positive explanatory variables.

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1999

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Groves, Ryan Dale. "Fast-track land reform and the decline of Zimbabwe's political and economic stability." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002801.

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Mashamba, Mudzibairi Sylvester. "The construction industry in Zambia : opportunities and constraints under the structural adjustment programme and the enabling shelter strategy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/388.

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In October 1991 Zambia abandoned one party politics and embraced multi-party politics. Upon winning the elections, the MMD Government abandoned UNIP's commandist development strategies for Neo-Liberal ones, in an effort to salvage the ailing Zambian economy and ensure development sustainability. In adopting the Structural Adjustment Programme and its affiliated policy of Enabling Shelter Strategy, the Government hopes among other things to stimulate supply in the hitherto ailing construction industry. It is postulated that, by applying Neo-Liberal policies, an enabling environment for private investment can be created, where an efficient and high productivity private sector is the main provider of construction supply. This research aims at assessing the contributions made by the construction industry to the macroeconomic in Zambia, during the first five years of the Structural Adjustment Programme and the Enabling Shelter Strategy. To do this, the study analyses the adjustment and enablement conditionalities that have been placed on the Zambian economy and then analyses their net effect on the supply-side of the construction market. The contention of in this study is that although the Structural Adjustment Programme and the Enabling Shelter Strategy have made positive contributions to the Zambian Construction industry, there are, however, areas that still need reviewing and changing in light of the experiences of the last five years. The study was conducted using a survey research strategy, using both quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. Primary data was collected during a field survey trip to Zambia between the 10th of October 1995 and 17th of March 1996. Secondary data on the other hand has mainly come from published literature, business journals, World Bank and IMF publications and Government publications and the media. The conclusions reached at the end of the study are twofold. First they validate the postulations that have been made in both strategies, that enabling policies do indeed break down the structural rigidities in the macro-economy and the construction industry. The result of which has been to promote international and local private participation at different levels in the Zambia construction industry. Secondly, they show that despite the easy entry of construction firms in the industry, especially in the informal sector, the formal construction sector labour market has, however, continued to reduce. The study further concludes that some of the (adjustment and enablement) conditionalites, and Neo-Liberal (Government) measures meant to promote the economy and the industry in particular have had the net effect of reducing construction demand, thereby reducing overall construction output in response to reduced demand. In some cases, however, the study found that surplus local supply was diverted to exports within the region.

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Iheduru, Obioma M. "Structural Adjustment, Civil Society, and Democratization in Sub Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278496/.

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Two recent developments dominate the political economy of Sub Saharan Africa -- the adoption of economic structural adjustment reforms and the emergence of pressures for the democratization of the political process. Economic reform measures have spawned civil society, made up of anti-authoritarian, anti-statist, non-governmental organizations, that demand political liberalization. This study is an attempt to analyze, theoretically and quantitatively, the unanticipated association between these developments. Democratic institutions inherited by Sub Saharan Africa at independence were subverted either through military coups or by the abuse and misuse of the institutions by an inordinately ambitious political elite. Thus, about a decade into independence more than three quarters of the sub continent virtually came under authoritarian rule. Contemporaneously there was a decline in the economies of these countries, forcing them to borrow from international financial institutions, in order to offset their balance of payment difficulties. By the mid-1980s most of Sub Saharan Africa had also instituted structural adjustment programs. Using a pooled cross-sectional time series model of analysis, data gathered from Sub Saharan African countries are analysed to test the explanatory power of the three extant contending theories of development: classical, dependency, and neoliberal. Then, most importantly, the analysis examines the relationship between structural adjustment, the development of civil society, and democratization. Overall, the results indicate that the institutional structures generated by, and the political millieu created by structural adjustment are conducive for the evolution of civil society and for its activities for democracy. This political opportunity, however, is also found to be dependent on the level of restructuring involved. The more the political system is restructured, the more the freedom of political participation by civil society, and the higher the level of democratization. The study found a very weak relationship between structural adjustment and economic growth, thereby calling into question many current economic policies. It further demonstrated that no one single theory had the advantages over others in explaining the dynamics of both political and economic development in Sub Saharan Africa and, by extension, in other developing countries.

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Chan, Ka-kan Erico. "Changes in Cathay Pacific Airways : facing the challenge of the 21st century /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21129034.

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Thiboutot, Monika. "The Combined Effects of HIV/AIDS and Structural Adjustment Programs on Ugandan Underdevelopment." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/730.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Political Science

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42

Tsang, Chun Kei. "Three essays on economic structure and resource allocation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/748.

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This thesis aims at studying the issues of economic structure and resource allocation in development. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to economic development and gives an overview of this thesis. Chapter 2 reviews some theories and models about economic structure and structural change and points out that resource allocation is a critical factor in changing the economic structure. Five characteristics of economic structure and structural change are summarized. Essay 1 in Chapter 3 investigates the relationship between competitiveness and economic growth. Adopting the Global Competitiveness Index to represent competitiveness, we empirically show that there is a two-way causal relationship between competitiveness and economic growth. We further identify that the relationship between competitiveness and economic growth change in different development stages. Specifically, better competitiveness can enhance economic growth but not vice versa in developing countries. We therefore relate such a difference to the ability to transform resources into competitiveness. This is fundamentally a question about resource allocation. Finally, we link structural change with economic growth and show that enhancing competitiveness is equivalent to improving the capacity to change the economic structure. Essay 2 in Chapter 4 studies the impacts of sub-optimal resource allocation on economic growth by applying a new model to the case of the effectiveness of official development assistance (ODA). This new model analyzes economic growth through structural change by the difference between the observed and optimal levels of competitiveness. Regarding the positive and negative impacts of foreign aid on the receiving country in the literature, we show that the net impact of ODA depends on the value of bias caused by inefficient allocation of resources and the adoption of a biased value system. As a result, both positive and negative views of ODA in the literature are somewhat correct. In principle, ODA does work in the sense of helping needy countries providing they can allocate such additional resources efficiently. The cruel truth is that most receivers of ODA are unable to transform these resources to productive uses and even lower their economic growth. The development aid country donors or global institutions may therefore have to review their existing policy for granting aid.Essay 3 in Chapter 5 introduces a new framework to study two important structural issues in China: regional fragmentation and ownership distortion. We extend the output-oriented structural efficiency measure to include subgroups to evaluate potential gains of improving resource allocation within and among subgroups. The new framework is then applied to China's industrial sector. Applying our new method for policymaking, the empirical results advocate prioritizing ownership reform over regional reform in China. Specifically, by improving resource allocation among different ownerships, outputs of the whole industrial sector can be increased by 21% of the observed level. In contrast, the potential gains of reallocating resources between western and non-western regions are less than 1%. Such a conclusion cannot be drawn from other existing models of efficiency analysis. Finally, Chapter 6 concludes the whole thesis.

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Bokhari, Sven, and Duca Fabrizio Del. "Economic Development through Globalisation in Nigeria : An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-861.

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Date: 2008/06/03

Level: Master thesis in International Business and Entrepreneurship, 10p (15ECTS)

Authors: Sven Bokhari Fabrizio Del Duca

Title: Economic Development through globalisation in Nigeria. An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs

Tutor: Leif Linnskog, Ph.D.

Research Question: Can globalisation be seen as positive or negative for the Economic Development of Nigeria? A focus on Shell and the International Monetary Fund Research Issue: Globalisation in its current form is viewed in the Western world as a positive influence for the Economic Development of under developed countries. However

these views on the benefits brought to developing countries have been

frequently disputed.

Method: The research we are undertaking is a pilot study based on documentary research. Our source of information is secondary data such as books, articles, newspapers and journals. The study employs a qualitative approach.

Conclusions: Even though globalisation is often viewed as positive we have discovered that this is not always the case in relation to its effects in Nigeria. Judging from our analysis, globalisation through the IMF and Shell has had an overall negative impact on Economic Development. However, Shell is attempting to act more responsible by adjusting its position in order to have a more positive impact on

Economic Development. On the other hand, the IMF has not adapted to Nigeria but obliges the country to adapt to the institution’s demands hindering Economic Development.

Keywords: Globalisation, Economic Development, Shell, IMF, Nigeria

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Ernoiz, Antriyandarti. "An Economic Study of the Indonesian Rice Sector: Toward Harmonization of Structural Adjustment and Food Security." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217179.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第20004号
農博第2188号
新制||農||1044(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N5013(農学部図書室)
33100
京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻
(主査)教授福井清一, 教授伊藤順一, 教授水野広祐
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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45

Muzulu, Joseph. "Real exchange rate depreciation and structural adjustment : the case of the manufacturing sector in Zimbabwe (1980-1991)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336181.

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46

Ubisse, Armindo Elias. "The structural adjustment programme a food security in Mozambique - a case study production incentives in the traditional agricultural sector." University of the Western Cape, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7899.

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Masters in Public Administration - MPA
Mozambique has inherited from colonialism a backward agricultural sector based mainly in plantations of export crops, dominated by white settlers and a handful of foreign companies. Production of food crops, especially maize (which constitutes the main cereal food for the population), was mainly undertaken by the traditional agricultural sector. Combined events, from central planning of production to war and natural disasters, have made unsuccessful the governmental objectives of modernising the agricultural sector and making it more productive, in order to ensure a normal food supply, leading to a permanent situation of food shortage. The "free market" economy introduced in 1987 under the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), brought very little progress in terms of food crop production, leaving the country reliant on continued foreign food aid and imports. Recent studies of problems of low agricultural output in general and on the SAP performance in particular, have shown that the private sector, which is benefiting from SAP's investments, is biased towards cash crop production. The traditional agricultural sector, the biggest food producer in Mozambique, is facing integration problems into the new "free market" economy. This study has attempted to clarify the problems, which lie behind the difficulties in market integration of this sector of national agriculture. This is of particular importance, especially in this crucial moment of the ongoing regional food security project, within Southern African Development Community. The study has produced evidence of a lack of appropriate incentives within the traditional agricultural sector under SAP, mainly with regard to the marketing network and buyer of last resort in case of market failure. This includes absence of road facilities, rural shops and respective goods and commodities of interest to the peasantry. The study showed also that it is important to regulate commercialisation of food aid and food import, to ease the market for food crops locally produced. This could enable a gradual integration of rural markets. Conscious that the lack of the above-mentioned incentives may not be the only explanation for the persisting food shortage, I therefore suggest further research on the topic on appropriate incentives for the traditional agricultural sector, given its fragility and vulnerability within the free market economy.

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Groves, Ryan. "Fast-Track Land Reform and the Decline of Zimbabwe's Political and Economic Stability." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3113.

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Once the breadbasket of Southern Africa, Zimbabwe has undergone a radical transformation presently characterized by ever increasing rates of HIV and AIDS, low population growth, acute food shortages, radically decreasing life expectancy, hyperinflation, and insecurity of life and property. Additionally, the growing brutality of political and electoral oppression has engendered significant domestic, regional, and international condemnation of the Zimbabwean government. News media, human rights organizations, and foreign governments have all voiced their concern for the rapid deterioration of Zimbabwe. This thesis analyzes the course of Zimbabwe's economic, political, and social decline between its independence in 1980 and 2005. While popular interpretations place blame predominantly upon President Robert Mugabe and the Zimbabwe African Union-Patriotic Front, this thesis offers a more nuanced explanation for Zimbabwe's current crisis. This view contends that the structural adjustment policies of the Bretton Woods institutions, in concert with the breakdown of democratic institutions and the implementation of radical land reform policies led to Zimbabwe's current economic, political, and social decline.
M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA

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48

Azam, Mohammad Nurul 1957. "Modelling and forecasting in the presence of structural change in the linear regression model." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9152.

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49

Mwanawina, Inyambo. "An input-output and econometric approach to analysing structural change and growth strategies in the Zambian economy." Konstanz : Hartung-Gorre, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25009094.html.

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Perfetti-del, Corral Mauricio. "Rates of return to education, wage differentials and earnings dispersion during the structural adjustment in Colombia, 1984-1994." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262719.

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This thesis investigates the determinants of wages in Colombia, the wage differential between public and private workers and earnings dispersion for wage workers and the selfemployed between 1984-1994. It attempts to determine how important education and expenence are in determining individual earnings, emphasising the analysis of rates of return to education using the Mincerian framework. It also examines the importance of the human capital model in determining earnings, particularly for the self-employed. A model is developed in this case for an endogenous treatment of sectoral choice in order to correct for potential selectivity bias. Estimates are presented for the rates of return to education for both wage workers and the self-employed using data drawn from the "National Household Survey" in tcn Colombian cities, in June 1984, 1988, 1992 and 1994. Rates of return to education merit special attention for two principal reasons: firstly, previous studies in Colombia show a secular decline in the returns to education; secondly, changes in the relative demand for skilled/unskilled workers were anticipated after trade liberalisation and these changes may affect rates of return to education. This dissertation also examines the size of the public wage pay differential in the Colombian labour market during the period of structural adjustment. A further objective is to determine the extent to which it was affected by public sector reform. It is worth noting that the public sector wage differential has not been the subject of analysis in Colombia since 1983. Finally, wage distribution in Colombia during the structural adjustment is analysed. Debate in Colombia has focused on wage distribution. The latter is closely related to human capital and its market price, both of which have changed during the period. A chief aim of this dissertation consists in determining how the changes in the rates of return to education that occurred during structural adjustment explain the increased wage inequality observed during the early 90s.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economic Structural Adjustment Programme'

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