Dissertations / Theses: 'Economic Transition'

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Lee, Jong-Kyu. "Economic Growth in Transition Economies : 1989-2004." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498637.

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Gjika, Aida. "Fiscal decentralisation and economic growth in transition economies." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2018. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/4924/.

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Since the collapse of the communist system, transition economies (TEs) have witnessed significant growth in fiscal decentralisation (FD). In order to meet the needs of the new decentralised system and adapt to new political changes such as the EU accession, these countries started to reform their governance system by devolving greater power to subnational governments. The ongoing intergovernmental fiscal relations and territorial reforms during these twenty-eight years of transition have demonstrated that decentralisation in general, and FD in particular, is an ongoing process, continually evolving and contributing to democracy, economic efficiency and ultimately economic development (Bird, 1993; Bird et al., 1995). Given the variation in FD during transition and the attention it has received especially amongst developed TEs, this dissertation aims to assess the relationship between FD and economic growth in the context of the transition process. First, it contributes to the current theoretical literature by critically reviewing the existing theories on this relationship and exploring new potential (direct and indirect) channels of transmission from FD to economic performance. Also, this thesis contributes to the current empirical literature on FD by providing an empirical investigation of the impact of FD on economic growth for selected transition economies, taking into account the relevance of important factors such as the level of analysis (national vs subnational levels), the stage of economic transition, the geographical location and the size of countries - factors that have not been sufficiently investigated in previous studies. The previous empirical studies were unable to provide conclusive evidence concerning the impact of FD on economic performance. By shedding light on the factors that contribute to the FDeconomic growth relationship and using statistical methods that are appropriate to the analysis of this relationship, this thesis provides some explanation for the inconclusive nature of previous studies. Using data for TEs in Europe and the former Soviet Union, the empirical results suggest that the economic effects of FD are sensitive to the FD measures used and, more importantly, to the economic and institutional reforms implemented in these countries. The thesis shows that while FD may have an insignificant effect on countries in early stages of transition, it can be employed with beneficial effects by countries at relatively advanced stages of transition. In this sense, this thesis confirms the theoretical claim, ignored up to now, that FD is a “normal good”. Exploring the FD-economic growth relationship on a more homogenous dataset and at subnational level, this thesis concludes that the economic effect of FD is more visible at regional level, while being moderated by the country size and other characteristics of countries involved. The empirical evidence has potentially useful policy implications for the ongoing decentralisation reforms in transition economies.

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Pintea, Mihaela. "Essays on economic growth and economies in transition /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7471.

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Eliseeva, Anna. "Lost in transition : how can emerging economies leverage gender equality for economic transition ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E019.

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La thèse explore les liens entre l'autonomisation des femmes et la transition économique. Elle examine la manière dont l'augmentation du nombre de femmes travaillant dans le secteur public ou privé peut contribuer à résoudre certains problèmes persistants de transition dans les pays émergents, comme un faible niveau de productivité, d'innovation et de développement humain. La thèse est composée de trois chapitres qui s'appuient sur les modèles économiques de l'égalité entre les sexes et de la transition. Le premier chapitre explore la relation entre la composition hommes-femmes des entreprises et l'implication des entreprises en question dans des activités d'innovation en Europe de l'Est et en Asie centrale. Le deuxième chapitre établit l'analyse des performances des entreprises, et cherche à déterminer si les PME dirigées par des femmes se comportent différemment de celles dirigées par des hommes dans les pays de l'Europe de l'Est, d'Asie centrale et Russie. Ce chapitre examine en particulier les activités qui permettent d'améliorer la compétitivité des entreprises: l'acquisition de services de développement commercial et l'investissement dans la formation sur le terrain. Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, j'examine les liens entre le nombre de femmes dans les assemblées législatives des États de l'Inde et l'amélioration de la condition des femmes dans leur famille, mesurée par leur âge lors de leur premier mariage et de leur première maternité. Dans ces trois chapitres, je conclus que l'augmentation de la participation des femmes à tous les niveaux des secteurs public et privé a un effet positif sur les résultats obtenus au niveau de l'entreprise et des personnes
The thesis addresses the links between women's empowerment and economic transition. It examines the ways in which more women working in the public and private sectors could address the persistent problems of transition and emerging economies, such as poor human capital base and low levels of productivity and innovation. The thesis has three chapters which build on the economic models of gender equality and transition. The first chapter explores the relationship between the gender composition of a firm and the firm's involvement in innovation activities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The second chapter extends the analysis of firm performance, and investigates whether SMEs owned by women perform differently from SMEs owned by men in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Russia. In particular, the chapter examines activities which enhance firm competitiveness: acquisition of business development services and investment in on-the-job training. Finally, in the last chapter, I examine the relationship between the number of women in state legislative assemblies in lndia and better family outcomes for women as measured by age at first marriage and childbearing. Throughout the three chapters, I conclude that an increasing participation of women at all levels in the private and public sectors is positively associated with better firm-level and individual outcomes

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Danaiata, Irina. "From Socialism to Capitalism – Transition Economies: Romania." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1240434454.

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Chirmiciu, Alexandru. "Reforms, institutions, competition and economic performance in transition economies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251899.

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Moers, Lucas Alfonsus Maria. "Institutions, economic performance and transition." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/63482.

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Steedman, Jennifer Mason. "An economic analysis of air pollution control in transition economies." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/643.

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Skokic, Vlatka. "Tourism entrepreneurship in transition economies : unpacking the socio-economic contexts." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18802.

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Purcel, Alexandra-Anca. "Economic Development and Environmental Quality Nexus in Developing and Transition Economies." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD013.

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Cette thèse aborde l'un des sujets les plus discutés et en vogue dans le domaine de l'économie, à savoir le lien entre le développement économique et la qualité environnementale. En particulier, on met l’accent sur les effets du développement économique—tant dans ses dimensions économique, sociale que politique—sur la qualité de l'environnement pour les économies en développement et en transition. Le chapitre I, divisé en trois phases clés, à savoir la revue de la littérature théorique, la partie empirique et la revue de la littérature empirique, contribue à la littérature en donnant diverses informations sur le lien entre la croissance économique et la pollution de l'environnement dans les économies en développement et en transition. Globalement, les résultats révèlent que des études empiriques récentes, parvenant à réduire certaines lacunes suggérées par la théorie, pourraient en effet indiquer un certain consensus sur la relation entre la croissance et la pollution, à savoir la validité de l'hypothèse de la Courbe de Kuznets Environnementale (CKE). Le chapitre II examine le lien pollution-croissance dans les pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale (PECO), en ajoutant à la littérature empirique l’utilisation de l'hypothèse étendue de l'CKE comme cadre théorique. D'une part, il révèle un lien de croissance non linéaire entre le PIB et le CO2 agrégé, qui est fortement robuste pour différents estimateurs et variables de contrôle. En revanche, l'analyse au niveau des pays révèle que la relation entre le PIB et le CO2 se caractérise par une grande diversité dans les PECO. Ainsi, malgré une tendance globale à la hausse, certains PECO ont réussi à assurer à la fois un PIB plus élevé et une réduction des émissions de CO2. Du point de vue politique, les décideurs de l'UE pourraient accorder plus d'attention à ces pays, c'est-à-dire envisager une intégration plus rigoureuse des hétérogénéités des pays et, en même temps, soutenir la croissance économique sans nuire à l'environnement. Le chapitre III étudie la réponse des émissions de CO2 agrégées et sectorielles résultant des perturbations externes du PIB et de l'urbanisation, en supposant un canal de transmission qui intègre deux des éléments clés utilisés dans la lutte contre la dégradation de l'environnement—les énergies renouvelables et l'efficacité énergétique. Les résultats, robustes à plusieurs spécifications alternatives, indiquent que la production globale, l'urbanisation et l'intensité énergétique augmentent les émissions totales de CO2, tandis que les énergies renouvelables ont l'effet inverse. Par ailleurs, en ce qui concerne la réponse du CO2 aux chocs de production et d'urbanisation, le modèle suggère que ces pays atteindront le seuil maximum qui conduirait à un changement de la tendance des émissions à la baisse. Cependant, les résultats varient en fonction du niveau de revenu et du statut des pays sur la ratification/l'adhésion au Protocole de Kyoto. Ensuite, l'analyse sectorielle montre que les transports, les bâtiments et les secteurs non-combustion sont plus susceptibles de contribuer à l'augmentation des niveaux futurs de CO2. En général, ce chapitre peut fournir des informations précieuses sur les perspectives de durabilité environnementale dans les pays en développement. Le chapitre IV explore les effets de la stabilité politique sur la dégradation de l'environnement, donnant une perspective renouvelée sur ce sujet dans les pays en développement. Il montre qu'une évolution non linéaire en forme de cloche décrit la relation entre les variables au niveau agrégé. De plus, bien que ce résultat reste stable pour plusieurs spécifications alternatives, nous identifions des hétérogénéités significatives dans les caractéristiques distinctes des pays et les mesures alternatives de pollution. En outre, des estimations désagrégées révèlent des schémas contrastés pour la relation entre le CO2 et la stabilité politique. (...)
This thesis tackles one of the most debatable and in vogue topics in economics, namely the economic development and environmental quality nexus. Notably, it studies the economic development's effects—in terms of its economic, social, and political dimensions—on the environmental quality for developing and transition economies. Chapter I, which is divided into three key phases, namely theoretical review, empirical exercise, and empirical review, contributes to the literature by giving various insights regarding the link between economic growth and environmental pollution in developing and transition economies. Overall, it reveals that the recent empirical studies, indeed, succeeding to curtail some of the deficiencies suggested by theoretical contributions, might indicate a certain consensus regarding pollution-growth nexus and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis validity. Chapter II examines the pollution-growth nexus in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, adding to the related empirical literature using the extended EKC hypothesis as a theoretical background. On the one hand, it unveils an increasing nonlinear link between GDP and CO2 at the aggregate level, which is powerfully robust to different estimators and control variables. On the other hand, the country-level analysis reveals that the relationship between GDP and CO2 is characterized by much diversity among CEE countries. Thus, despite an aggregated upward trend, some CEE countries managed to secure both higher GDP and lower CO2 emissions. From a policy perspective, EU policymakers could pay more attention to these countries and amend the current unique environmental policy to account for country-heterogeneities to support economic growth without damaging the environment. Chapter III investigates the aggregated and sector-specific CO2 emissions' responsiveness following exogenous shocks to growth and urbanization, considering a transmission scheme that incorporates two of the widely used instruments in mitigating environmental degradation—renewables and energy efficiency. First, robust to several alternative specifications, the results indicate that output, urbanization, and energy intensity increase the aggregated CO2 emissions, while renewable energy exhibits an opposite effect. Moreover, regarding the CO2 responsiveness in the aftermath of output and urbanization shocks, the pattern may suggest that these countries are likely to attain the threshold that would trigger a decline in CO2 emissions. However, the findings are sensitive to both countries' economic development and Kyoto Protocol ratification/ascension status. Second, the sector-specific analysis unveils that the transportation, buildings, and non-combustion sector exhibits a higher propensity to increase the future CO2 levels. Generally, this chapter may provide useful insights concerning environmental sustainability prospects in developing states. Chapter IV explores the effects of political stability on environmental degradation, giving a renewed perspective on this topic in developing states. It shows that a nonlinear, bell-shaped pattern characterizes the relationship between variables at the aggregate level. Moreover, while this result is robust to a broad set of alternative specifications, significant heterogeneities are found regarding countries' distinct characteristics and alternative pollution measures. Besides, the country-specific estimates unveil contrasting patterns regarding the relationship between CO2 and political stability. Broadly speaking, the findings suggest that both the formal and informal sides of political stability play a vital role in mitigating CO2 pollution in developing countries, and may provide meaningful insights for policymakers. (...)

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Suhrcke, Marc. "Economic growth in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe /." Baden-Baden : Nomos-Verlagsgesellschaft, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015306299&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Walenczykowski, Slawomir P. "Tax reform in transition economies and its impact on economic performance." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FWalenczykowski.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in International Resource Planning and Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Robert M. McNab, William R. Gates. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). Also available online.

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Fenton, Roy. "Transition in the UK coastal bulk trades 1840-1914." Thesis, University of West London, 2005. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/387/.

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Steam and screw propeller took a long time to displace sail in coastal bulk trades: 60 years compared with the 20 years needed for steam and the paddle to dominate coastal liner trades. As this thesis confirms, conquering the bulk trades was a much more difficult undertaking. To offset far greater capital and running costs, the developer of the steam bulk carrier could offer only that his steamer, largely independent of weather and tide, would carry significantly more cargo in a given period than a sailing vessel. This thesis demonstrates how, to fulfil this promise, many obstacles had to be overcome, including the high cost of iron hulls and steam engines, the inefficiency of early steam engines and boilers, the water ballast problem, slowness of discharge, archaic port practices, and physical constraints of ports and waterways. The findings suggest that, in the rise of the steam bulk carrier, the role of the railways should be diminished, and that of the gas industry accentuated. The impact of rail competition on the London collier trade was no more than a pinprick when the first screw collier was building, and the coal market's subsequent growth was so strong that the steady increase in rail-hauled coal barely dented the tonnage delivered by sea from the north east. On the other hand, without the gas industry's demand for large, regular and guaranteed deliveries, the coal interests would probably not have encouraged the development of the screw collier when they did.

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Davis, Junior Roy. "Economic transition and food consumption in Bulgaria." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387836.

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Tezcakar, Merve. "Techno-economic transition towards a hydrogen economy." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/407.

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The research conducted is in the field of innovation and focuses on the UK energy sector. The key theme of the study is the transition towards a hydrogen economy with fuel cell technologies at the epicentre and takes into account the relevant scientific, technological, economic and policy issues. In order to provide an understanding of the factors that affect techno-economic transitions to alternative energy systems, the thesis investigates the historical transition processes such as the transition to electrification in the early 1900s and recent transitions to CCGT and renewable energy systems (wind, biofuels and solar) that have taken place since the late 1980s. As the developmental status of hydrogen technologies lay at the heart of these transitions, a thorough analysis of the hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, the R&D requirements, and innovations required in different scientific fields (including materials science) to develop these technologies is conducted. At the same time, as other factors such as sustainability, climate change and security of supply concerns can greatly affect the direction of the transition processes, that includes R&D activities and investment in alternative energy technologies, an overview of these factors is also provided. The analysis employs a new theoretical framework that combines two well established theories in the literature, Techno-economic Transitions and Large Technological Systems. By using this new framework, the technological transition towards a hydrogen energy system can be analysed at three levels, (global, national and local). The analysis is narrowed down to the local level in order to determine the timing of a transition in London and how it can form the foundation for a wider a transition at the national level based on alternative technologies.

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Liao, Pei-Ju. "Essays on demographic transition and economic growth." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1872151741&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Liao, Qun. "Household consumption in urban China during transition : model and evidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264884.

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Yin, Xingmin. "China's industrial structure in transition : concentration and performance 1980-1990." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359151.

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Moore, Janice L. "Gender bias in neoclassical economics, a case study of Viêt Nam's economic transition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0022/MQ33848.pdf.

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Altinger, Laura Patricia. "Monetary policy reaction functions in transition economies acceding to the EU." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271105.

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Di, Rollo Jonathon. "China : economic transition and integration; immediate targeting in a public ownership economy." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366784.

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Ren, Mingchuan. "Accounting transition in China : a socio-economic perspective." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396739.

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Yang, Yuting. "Economic Studies on Energy Transition and Environmental Regulations." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10010.

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Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
This thesis investigates several topics regarding energy transition and environmental regulations, and each of the three chapters is a self-contained paper. It aims to contribute to the design of environmental regulations and to provide suggestions topolicy makers. The first chapter studies the optimal public safety provision under imperfect taxation. An important objective of many publicly-financed environmental projects is to reduce mortality. In this paper, we examine theoretically the effect of tax system imperfections on the optimal public investment in mortality risk reduction (or public safety).We compare three tax systems, namely first-best, uniform tax and income tax. Moreover, we consider several sources of imperfection, namely individuals’ heterogeneity in wealth and in risk exposure, and labor supply distortion. We show that the effect of imperfect taxation critically depends on the source of imperfection as well as on the individual utility and survival probability functions. We conclude that imperfect taxation cannot generically justify less public safety. There is thus no fundamental reason to always adjust downwards the value of statistical life (VSL) because of imperfect taxation, nor to assume a marginal cost of public funds systematically greater than one for the benefit-cost analysis of environmental projects. The second chapter examines the environmental impact of electricity trade. Electricity interconnection has been recognized as a way to mitigate carbon emissions by dispatching more efficient electricity production and accommodating the growing share of renewables. We analyze the impact of electricity interconnection in the presence of intermittent renewables, such as wind and solar power, on renewable capacity and carbon emissions using a two-country model. We find that in the first-best, interconnection decreases investments in renewable capacity and exacerbates carbon emissions if the social cost of carbon (SCC) is low. Conversely, interconnection increases renewable capacity and reduces carbon emissions for a high SCC. Moreover, the intermittency of renewables generates an insurance gain from interconnection, which also implies that some renewable capacity is optimally curtailed in some states of nature when the SCC is high. The curtailment rate and the corresponding carbon emissions increase for more positively correlated intermittency. We calibrate the model using data from the European Union electricity market and simulate the outcome of expanding interconnection between Germany-Poland and France-Spain. We find that given the current level of SCC, the interconnection may increase carbon emissions. The net benefit of interconnection is positive, with uneven distribution across countries. The third chapter extends on the second chapter, to investigate the optimal unilateral carbon policy design for electricity trade with intermittent renewable energy. We consider policy instruments including a carbon tax, border adjustment tax, and renewable subsidies. In turn, we analyze the effect of such policies on market equilibrium prices, renewable investment, and global emissions. Using a two-country model of electricity trade, we characterize the conditions under which different combinations of policy instruments implement the optimal energy mix. We find that with a unilateral carbon tax, the border adjustment tax turns out to be effective only when renewables are producing. Moreover, renewables must be subsidized to be exported, in which case carbon emissions should be taxed more than the Pigouvian level to avoid excessive consumption

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Boakye, Said. "Sociopolitical transition and economic performance: Theory and evidence." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303883.

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Sarkar, Ashim Kumar. "Social, economic and political transition of a bengal district : malda 1876-1953." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1215.

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Puthenkalam, John Joseph. "Modelling a new economic growth thought for developing economies with particular reference to economies in transition." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2034/.

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Shields, Stuart Andrew. "Globalisation and Poland : transnational social forces and the Polish transition to a market economy." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275635.

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Golley, Jane Elizabeth. "The dynamics of regional development during China's economic transition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365645.

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SRDELIĆ, LEONARDA. "Demographic Transition, Economic Growth and End-of-Life Care." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1188012.

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Europe is experiencing a dramatic shift in its demographic structure, ending three centuries of unprecedented population growth. There are few empirical estimates of the realised effect of such a process on economic performance. The first chapter attempts to fill this gap in the literature by assessing the impact of demographic transition in six European countries between 1971 and 2019. Unlike most studies in the field that rely on problematic Cobb-Douglas production functions, we adopt an open-economy approach under the premise that growth is balance-of-payments constrained in the long run. Applying time-varying-parameter estimation techniques, we compute the growth rate compatible with equilibrium in the balance-of-payments (yBP) and show it is a good predictor of output growth trends. We proceed by investigating the importance of population dynamics as one of its determinants. The obtained effects are moderate, and there is significant heterogeneity between countries. In Italy, for instance, a 10-points increase in the old-age dependency ratio is associated with a 3% loweryBP, while in France, we have the opposite effect. Population decline effects are conditional to controlling for migration, with Germany and Austria differentiating themselves from their SouthernEurope counterparts.
Using a combination of binary and multinomial logistic models, the second chapter investigates the correlation between the place of death and frequency of hospitalisation with a set of sociodemographic and health variables using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) database on 7,960 people aged 48 years and over who died between 2004 and 2017 in 11 European countries. Countries were divided into two clusters in order to account for country healthcare specifics and analyse differences in place of death. Results reveal that countries, where public financing and organisation of end-of-life care are particularly strong have a higher share of ’out-of-hospital (care home and home deaths). In comparison, the other group of countries has a higher percentage of persons dying at home and at the hospital, which turned out to be especially significant for cancer patients. Patients who died of cancer in the first group of countries were more likely to die at home, while in countries with the lowest expenditure on long-term care, patients had a higher risk of dying in hospital than at home or care home, suggesting that health policies targeting-hospitalisation of care of cancer patients could lead to the significant reduction in public health care costs. Moreover, waiting for death at home in countries with private funding of end-of-life care is associated with a higher frequency of hospitalisations at the end of life since acute care is used as a substitute for long-term and palliative care. In general, results reveal the importance of investing in long-term and palliative care as a substitute for acute care, aiming at de-hospitalisation of care since many elderly needs could be met by hospice (palliative care) or nursing home.
The third chapter seeks to present the latest trends and developments in the trade of healthcare services and medical goods, drawing on the example of a small open economy such as Croatia. As the number of elderly rises throughout Europe, economies face challenges transitioning to markets that are increasingly driven by goods and services linked to the elderly. Ageing society combined with rising incomes has led to changes in the structure of world demand as consumers of goods and services demand higher quality, better service, more choice and greater flexibility. Under the premise that what is bought and sold in international markets reflect the fundamentals of the economy and takes advantage of Thirlwall’s functions for export and import, the third chapter investigates the latest trends and developments in the trade of healthcare services and medical goods, drawing from the experience of a small open economy such as Croatia. This is done by estimating the price and income elasticities of exports and imports of medical goods and health services with the help of a ’State-space’ econometric model and applying Kalman filtering techniques. Elasticity is estimated for the aggregate exports and imports of medical goods and health services. The analysis is then repeated so that trade is separated between medical goods and health services to obtain the elasticity for each sector.

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Hakobyan, Lilit. "Essays on growth and political transition." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-92600.

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Nemashkalova, A. A. "Migration in transition Ukraine." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22385.

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Haddad, F. "Venezuella 1908-1928 : An era of transition foreign capital investment in the political and economic text." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356562.

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Sundman, Marie-Lor. "The Effects of the Demographic Transition on Economic Growth : Implications for Japan." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15993.

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Demographic transition implies severe challenges for high income nations, for instance Japan, as the population decreases due to declines in birth rates as well as the higher rate of elderly population. More women are entering the labor market which affects birth rates. In addition, technological progress has improved health care and standard of living, bringing up life expectancies. However, the elderly population is increasing, elevating the dependency ratio which dampens the economic growth. The changed age structure alters the ratio of labor force negatively relative to population, in spite of the higher female labor participation. This paper analyzes how the current demographic transition in advanced countries influences economic growth. The paper is focused on Japan that is currently dealing with the consequences from the fastest increase in the percentage share of the elderly population compared to the other high income countries. The empirical analysis is based on a growth accounting model that estimates the impact of demographic factors on growth rates in high income countries. The empirical results indicate that demographic factors such as life expectancy and total dependency ratio have a negative impact on economic growth. The conclusion is that Japan and other rich countries have to make greater efforts in dampening the demographic change by policy making and in-migration.

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Khasnobish, Sudip. "Socio-economic and political transition of Darjeeling Terai (1864-1994)." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2753.

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Xu, Xiaoping. "China : financial sector reform under the economic transition 1979-1991." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296533.

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Petkov, Boris T. "Macroeconomics of economic transition-determinants of the pattern of development." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6180/.

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Our objective is to try to understand the rationale for and the effectiveness of different economic policies in a transition. We provide consistent, comprehensive analysis covering the interlinked questions of: i) how to achieve sustained, balanced/diversified economic growth; the main constraints are: government failure, human capital limitation, and corruption; ii) "what break-ups do to countries"; breakup countries experience deeper and shorter economic crisis, growing afterwards faster; iii) is there a prospect for economic convergence in the "club" of the 28 former centrally planned economies; we explore for a first time the issue-they are expected to reach half the distance to their non-growth steady state in around 50 years; iv) what is the quality of governance relationship with the resource "curse" or "blessing"; negative effect would obtain only in countries with poor institutional structures; v) what insights to the Dutch disease transmission mechanism can be provided by the Salter-Swan model; vi) is the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis valid; we confirm its validity; and, vii) what are the most important sovereign yield spreads determinants, and propose the impact from financial market volatility; and, our empirical approach takes account of recent advances in econometric analysis of time series-fractional cointegration.

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Gray, Hazel Sophia. "Tanzania and Vietnam : a comparative political economy of economic transition." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13610/.

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Magnússon, Magnús S. "Iceland in transition labour and socio-economic change before 1940 /." Lund : [Universitet], 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15205389.html.

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Mutsila, Mpho. "The role of the common innovation infrastructure in economic transition." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41988.

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Knowledge, innovation, and the pursuit of economic growth are concepts that the economists and policy makers around the world continue to investigate. As policy makers strive to improve the welfare of their nations, research suggests that perhaps innovation is the key that will unlock the gates of prosperity. Frameworks have been developed on how countries should build innovation capacity such as the study done by Furman, Porter and Stern (2002). These frameworks have been used to test developed nations such as Australia, Denmark and the United States as well as developing nations such as Taiwan and South Korea. Their findings suggest that certain strategies were more effective at fostering innovation in developed countries than in developing countries, highlighting that the effects of policy innovation are not homogeneous. This report investigated the innovation strategies that countries use to encourage innovation in order to induce economic transition. The findings suggest that there is an existence of the common innovation infrastructure in countries that are transitioning from efficiency-driven to innovation-driven development. These countries are using the common innovation infrastructure to encourage innovation. However, some countries are more effective at encouraging innovation than others. Measures that work for one country may not necessarily work for others.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
zkgibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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Fink, Gerhard, Peter Haiss, and Hans Christian Mantler. "The finance-growth nexus. Market economies vs. transition countries." Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1772/1/document.pdf.

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Applying a growth accounting framework and a wide range of static and dynamic panel data estimators on a panel covering 22 market economies and 11 transition countries over 1990-2001, we find a weak and fragile finance-growth link in market economies, but strong financial sectorinduced short-run growth effects in transition countries. The main growth effect hereby runs via the productivity channel. Parametric heterogeneity and financial structure seem to play a more important role than hitherto assumed: The financial sector and its different segments trigger different growth effects in different countries. (author's abstract)
Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut

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41

Piesse, Jenifer. "Firm level approaches to the measurement of production efficiency, technical change and total factor productivity in transition economies." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285834.

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Karaja, Elira. "Essays on institutions and reforms for transition (emerging) economies." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2012. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/98/1/Karaja_phdthesis.pdf.

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Chapter 1: Could the empires that ruled Eastern Europe for centuries and the formal institutions that they implemented have left an imprint on current formal and informal institutions of modern states? This paper sheds light on the legacy of the administrative system of the Ottoman Empire in contemporary states in the region. I investigate a causal mechanism that led to divergent paths of state building and rule of law, interpreted as attitudes toward corruption. The boundary between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire was set in the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, contemporaneous with a fiscal shock and a crucial change in the Ottoman fiscal system. This is identified as the historical treatment effect. First, a theoretical model is constructed, focusing on effects of tax system change, which encouraged uncontrolled predatory behavior and spread of abuse and rent extraction in the Ottoman Empire. Using Geographic Information System methods and regression discontinuity analysis with household survey data I investigate persistence of different attitudes about bribery on both sides of the former border. Findings evidence higher willingness to bribe on the Ottoman hereditary lands. These findings are robust to controls. Last, the persistent effect of weak institutions on growth is estimated using household consumption and light intensity data as proxies for development. - Chapter 2: Reforms often occur in waves, seemingly cascading from country to country. We argue that such reform waves can be driven by informational spillovers: uncertainty about the outcome of reform is reduced by learning from the experience of similar countries. We motivate this hypothesis with a simple theoretical model and then test it empirically. We find evidence of informational spillovers both with respect to both political and economic liberalization. While the previous literature has focused only on economic reform, we find that the spillovers are particularly important for political changes. - Chapter 3: A wide literature identifies trust as an important prerequisite for well-functioning markets and overall economic performance. A more recent body of research highlights history as a determinant of trust. Despite the level of attention the topic of trust has enjoyed, the literature highlights important issues with the lack of detail in existing data, collected mostly at the country level. I aim to improve on the coarse resolution offered by existing data with the help of a methodological innovation. This study analyzes the impact of history on generalized trust, using data from an international peer-to-peer hospitality exchange network, CouchSurfing.org. The geographic focus is on Romania, the territory of which was formerly divided between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires. Previous studies reveal important differences in generalized trust between Romanias previously-Ottoman, provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia, and the formerly-Habsburg province of Transylvania, with the former two lower in generalized trust than the latter. This study uses the local density of CouchSurfing.org membership as a proxy measure for generalized trust. Findings confirm that CouchSurfing membership is higher in Transylvania than elsewhere, thus providing evidence for the validity of using CouchSurfing membership as a proxy for general ized trust. Our approach, using spatial regression, yields a basis for extrapolating measures of generalized trust to areas where little survey data exists. - Chapter 4: Some aspects of financial reform positively affect economic growth. The size of credit to the private credit also positively affects economic growth. We argue that these effects might be stronger or weaker depending on countrys historical legacies and its influence on culture and attitudes towards authority, rule of law as well as the importance of financial intermediation. Therefore we test correlation between (indexes of) historical legacies and financial reform indicators (or/and the size of financial system) for a set of transition (emerging) economies that experienced centuries of (different) imperial rule.

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Angjellari-Dajci, Fjorentina. "Output performance, institutions and structural policy reforms for transition economies." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/86.

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Mills, Anne. "The effect of the transition from a communist to a market-based economy on enterprises in the Czech Republic." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10615.

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Johnson, Andreas. "Host Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment : The Case of Developing and Transition Economies." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-303.

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This thesis consists of four individual essays and an introductory chapter. While independent from each other, these essays share some common properties. They are all empirical and focus on the interaction between inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) and host country characteristics. The primary focus of the thesis lies in how inflows of FDI affect developing and transition economies. Macro-level data are used in all essays. The first essay analyses the FDI inflows that the transition economies of Eastern Europe have attracted and tries to find determinants of these inflows. The following two essays compare the effect of FDI between developing and developed economies. The second essay studies the relationship between corruption in the host country and the volume of FDI inflows. The third essay explores the effect of FDI inflows on host country economic growth. The fourth and final essay analyses the relationship between FDI and trade, focusing on the link between FDI flows and host country exports in eight East Asian economies.

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Stoyanova-Bozhkova, S. "Tourism development in transition economies : an evaluation of the development of tourism at a Black sea coastal destination during political and socio-economic transition." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2011. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/18828/.

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The present research addresses a gap in the academic literature on the transformation and development of coastal destinations in the transition economy of Bulgaria. It takes further the tradition in tourism studies that calls for the incorporation of the contextual change in the process of destination development. The purpose of this study was to determine whether, and in what ways, the nature of the socio-economic and political transition has influenced the processes of tourism development of a coastal tourism destination in the period 1989-2009 and if the tourism stakeholders have incorporated and implemented the principles of sustainability in the transformation and operation of the tourism sector, with the associated questions of why, why not, and how. In order to answer the research questions, a case study research was undertaken in the Varna-Balchik destination on Bulgaria‟s North Black Sea coast, which allowed the study of the whole spectrum of developmental processes in the period of transition. Data for the research was collected using a multi-method research approach with a combination of secondary data and primary data gathered using qualitative research techniques including a series of stakeholder interviews and observation. The semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with decision-makers, involved in tourism development in the destination studied at some time over the studied period (1989-2009), from the stakeholder groups at a local, regional and national level. This research employed the path-dependent path-creative approach to analyse the nature of transformation and conceptualise the forces which impact on tourism development on Bulgaria‟s North Black Sea coast. The research findings indicated that sustainability did not fit well into the rapidly changing CEE transition context. In spite of the increasing empowerment of the local communities and their attempts to achieve balanced development by implementing integrated and long-term planning, the primary data revealed growing concerns over the ineffectiveness of policy-making, the increasing urbanisation of the coastal strip and the competitiveness of Bulgaria‟s North Black Sea coast tourism offer. An analytical framework was developed based on the research findings to explain the specific development path(s) of the destination studied. It took into account the political (politicising), psychological (mentalities), institutional dimensions of transition (property rights, social networks and local empowerment), the role of the state (reduced state intervention) and the individual (human capital). Some of these themes (politicising and mentalities in particular) have been largely absent from previous research on tourism in transition and from the wider tourism studies.

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Lui-Kwan, Kalama M. "China in transition: the impact of economic growth on domestic politics." Thesis, Boston University, 1995. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27705.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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48

Larsson, Hanna, and Emma Harrtell. "Does choice of transition model affect GDP per capita growth?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1000.

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Efter upplösningen av Sovjetunionens starka maktkontroll över sina satellitstater den 9:e november 1989, kunde de Centrala och Östeuropeiska länderna (förkortning CEEC på engelska) påbörja sin övergång till marknadsekonomi. Sättet att närma sig en fri marknad är indelat i två olika tillvägagångssätt – chockterapi och gradualism. Den förstnämda metoden genomförs med fokus på snabbhet och en samverkande engångsförvandling av de ekonomiska sektorerna medan den sistnämnda beaktar en grad- och stegvis omvandling. Omvandlingsprocessen i sig består av flera variabler, exempelvis privatisering av statligt ägd egendom, makroekonomisk stabilitet samt liberalisering av priser och handel. Beroende på vilken metod som valdes genomfördes de ovan nämnda variablerna vid olika tidpunkter och med varierande hastighetsgrad. Åsikterna bland ekonomer rörande vilken metod som uppnått bäst resultat är omdebatterad. Följaktligen är syftet med denna uppsats att undersöka vilken av omvandlingsmetoderna som har uppnått högst BNP per capita tillväxt i de valda CEEC under perioden 1992-2003. Tio CEEC valdes ut för att få en rättvis delning mellan de två tillvägagångssätten, med tillhörande fem länder i varje grupp. Därtill valdes fem referensländer ut, för att i en grafisk analys kunna relatera utvecklingen i omvandlingsländer till redan etablerade marknadsekonomier. De erhållna resultaten visar att val av tillvägagångssätt inom omvandlingsprocessen inte har någon signifikant inverkan på BNP per capita utvecklingen. Ländernas grundförutsättningar samt i vilken ordning variablerna implementerades visar sig troligen ha större inverkan på BNP per capita tillväxten. Dessutom visar de empiriska resultaten klara indikationer på att det finns en skillnad mellan CEEC och referensländerna.

After the resolution of the Soviet Unions strict control over its satellite with beginning on the 9th of November 1989, the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) began their transition towards a market economy. How to approach the economic system of a free market has been divided into two major policies – shock therapy and gradualism. The first policy is implemented with speed and one-shock change within the economic sectors as a focus while the second constitutes of slow and gradual implementations. The transformation process in itself consists of several variables, for e.g. privatization of state-owned properties, macroeconomic stabilization and liberalization of prices and trade. Depending on what policy chosen, the variables were implemented at different times and with different speed. The views among economists regarding which of the two models that achieve the best result when transforming differs widely. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate which of the two models that have had the best effect upon the GDP per capita growth in the chosen CEEC. Ten CEEC were picked to have a fair representation for each policy, with five countries representing each policy group and the years measured were 1992-2003. In addition, for a graphical analysis to be performed and to distinct CEEC from already established market economies, five reference countries were included. The results obtained indicate that the policy choice has no impact on average GDP per capita growth. Instead we concure with earlier research that claim that preconditions and sequential order of the market reforms have a larger impact on GDP per capita growth. Additionally, empirical results indicated that there is a significant difference in the GDP growth over the last decade between our CEEC and the reference countries.

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Dansereau, Suzanne. "State power and economic transformation : the transition to socialism in Zimbabwe." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63813.

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Spiro, Nicholas. "The politics of economic transition : 'shock therapy' in Poland 1990-1991." Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245608.

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In the context of the profound transformative developments in Eastern Europe since 1989. this study examines the political conception and evolution of 'shock therapy' in Poland. As the region's pioneer of neo-liberal engineering, Poland embarked on its post-communist reforms with a singular determination to eliminate hyperinflation and transfer the bulk of its state enterprises into private hands. Emboldened by a unique window of opportunity in the secondhalf of 1989 and driven by a philosophical attraction to Anglo-Saxon-style capitalism. Finance Minister Leszek Balcerowicz's actions epitomised the 'transition' perspective. Emphasising political imperatives in moments of accelerated change, conventional models, and a technocratic agenda, the 'transition' school chose Poland as its exemplary pupil. The 'adaptation' perspective. by contrast, defended by social democrats such as Ryszard Bugaj, recognised the constraints Polish reformers faced in departing from central planning, notably in their efforts to rid state firms of their self-managed status. Stressing the legacies of the past, indigenous structures, and a negotiated framework, the 'adaptation' school eschews sharp historical demarcations and uniform blueprints. Focusing on the endogenous aspects of the Polish transformation. this research demonstrates the need for a multifaceted evolutionary approach in which the 'transition' perspective offers insights on the foundations of 'shock therapy' while the 'adaptation' perspective underscores the significance of the self-management inheritance: the former, it is argued, helps explain the success of macroeconomic stabilisation while the latter reveals the impediments to large-scale privatisation. Four political variants of Polish neo-liberalism are presented in the context of a well-defined policy regime which became entrenched during the 1990-1991 years. The spurious 'shock therapy versus gradualism' debate is then explored in order to illustrate the importance of initial conditions - the Hungarian route being of particular relevance. Finally, the views of the standard bearers of both schools, Jeffrey Sachs and John Gray, are discussed, if only to emphasise the need for clarity and specificity in the reform debates.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economic Transition'

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