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Journal articles on the topic 'Economical crimes'
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1
Sacchini, Giovanni. "Reati e percezione della criminalitŕ nella zona di residenza: indifferenza o convergenza?" SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE, no. 88 (December 2009): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sr2009-088003.
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- According to a common conception - among researchers as well - there is no apparent relation between crime perception (or insecurity) indicated in surveys and the crime trend (indicated by the police force), since the perception seems to be influenced above all by what mass-media conveys. Literature indicates two dimensions of crime perception: social concern about criminality and personal fear of the phenomenon. However resorting to a useful empirical indicator, a third dimension may be contemplated between these two: the evaluation of criminality in the residence area. This article considers data that refers to the twenty Italian regions, collected by the National Institution for Statistics - Istat, regarding the Multipurpose Survey on Families. It describes the strong correlation existing between criminality perception in the residence area and the diffusion of certain kinds of predatory crimes, in particular those in which there is a strong author-victim interaction (robbery and bag-snatching) and those in which crime authors are interested in citizens' relevant economical and symbolic goods (houses or cars).
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Voynova, Ralitsa. "Comparison Of The Transfer Of Criminal Proceeding With Other Forms Of International Legal Cooperation In Criminal Matters." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0091.
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Abstract The article examines the current regulations of the transfer of criminal proceeding in the European legislation, indicating the differences from other forms of International legal cooperation in criminal matters, such as: transfer of sentenced persons and mutual recognition of judgments. The study highlights the importance of the transfer of criminal proceeding for the International legal cooperation in criminal matters between the European countries. Its main objective is by preventing the conflicts of jurisdiction between the States concerned to ensure a more efficient, procedural economical and lawful prosecution of crimes.
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Drapezo, Roman, and Vitaly Shelestukov. "Ecological and Economical Violations as a Threat for Sustainable Development and National Environmental Safety (on Example of Kemerovo Region)." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910502016.
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The article considers the analytical and statistical materials unfolding parameters of economic and ecological crime in Kemerovo Oblast. The close interrelation of quality indicators of the presented groups of crime is caused by the specifics of the coal-mining region. The illegal coal-mining developing in the territory of Kemerovo Oblast within the decades led to the irreversible ecological effects: pollution of rivers, air, soil, deforestation, etc. The administration of Kemerovo Oblast and the enterprises of the coal-mining industry paid attention to the problem not bringing desirable results. Formed in 2011 upon the request of the governor of Kemerovo Oblast the Prosecutor’s Office on the supervision of respecting the rule of law in the coal-mining industry combines the efforts of Rostekhnadzor (the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision) and Rosprirodnadzor (the Federal Service for Nature Management Supervision) for the prevention of proliferation of crimes in this sphere. Kemerovo State University combines the efforts of scientific community, executive authorities, public organizations and not indifferent residents of Kemerovo Oblast to recognize and prevent economic and ecological offenses. Kemerovo State University has been regularly holding the ecological and tax forums on its basis in recent years. They let bring the factors causing threat of the national security of the region and country in general to the authorities and the public.
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Brito, P. L., E. G. V. Jesus, R. M. S. Sant' Ana, C. Martins, J. P. M. Delgado, and V. O. Fernandes. "Official crime data versus collaborative crime mapping at a Brazilian city." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2 (November 11, 2014): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-137-2014.
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In July of 2013 a group of undergraduate students from the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, published a collaborative web map called “Where I Was Robbed”. Their initial efforts in publicizing their web map were restricted to announce it at a local radio as a tool of social interest. In two months the map had almost 10.000 reports, 155 reports per day and people from more the 350 cities had already reported a crime. The present study consists in an investigation about this collaborative web map spatial correlation to official robbery data registered at the Secretary of Public Safety database, for the city of Salvador, Bahia. Kernel density estimator combined with map algebra was used to the investigation. Spatial correlations with official robbery data for the city of Salvador were not found initially, but after standardizing collaborative data and mining official registers, both data pointed at very similar areas as the main hot spots for pedestrian robbery. Both areas are located at two of the most economical active areas of the city, although web map crimes reports were more concentrated in an area with higher income population. This results and discussions indicates that this collaborative application is been used mainly by mid class and upper class parcel of the city population, but can still provide significant information on public safety priority areas. Therefore, extended divulgation, on local papers, radio and TV, of the collaborative crime map application and partnership with official agencies are strongly recommended.
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Siluyanova, Yulia A. "Trafficking in persons: cluster analysis of sending and receiving countries." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 12, no. 34 (September 2, 2021): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.19.
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The objective of this article is to deepen the understanding of the problem of human trafficking by analyzing the patterns of the distribution of traffic across countries, based on international statistics on various socio-economic indicators. We conducted cluster analysis using neuro network grouping algorithm of Kohonen self-organizing maps, basing on 44 variables reflecting different social and economical aspects for 144 countries. Countries were grouped according to the type and level of risk of trafficking-related crimes, and traffic distribution maps were built based on generally accepted hypotheses about traffic factors. As a result of the study, a number of hypotheses explaining the nature of traffic were tested. The results reveal the linkage between the risk of incoming and outgoing trafficking and the socio-economic parameters of the countries and groups.
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Sabic, Dejan, Mila Pavlovic, Snezana Vujadinovic, and Miroljub Milincic. "Global and regional aspects for development of Serbia and the Balkans: The events from the past as a message for future." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 90, no. 1 (2010): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1001159s.
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In 2010 Serbia faced with many social, economical and political issues such as the economic crisis, unemployment, uncertain candidate for membership in the European Union, cooperation with the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague and others. Recurrences of the past are still being felt in the political than some of the European Union with Serbia. Serbia has a long way toward permanent membership, and to intensify regional cooperation in Southeast Europe (SEE) through active membership in regional organizations and initiatives. Although this region for many years been burdened with the past and lack of understanding among nations, the steppes of integration is still achieved and is still stricken by stereotyped comparisons with a barrel keg, and so damn yard. The aim of this paper is to point out some directions for further development of the region and review of the circumstances that have contributed to this state, to show the events of the past who may be a message for the future. .
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Yanovska, Oleksandra, Mykhailo Vilhushynskyi, and Anna Bitsai. "PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS: SIDE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC CRIME INVESTIGATION." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-4-168-175.
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In the democratic countries, one of the main properties of public policy is to ensure the functioning of a stable economy; it requires special attention to the investigation and prevention of economic crime. However, the economic crime investigation can cause certain side effects, such as restriction or deprivation of property rights of individuals and legal entities. That is why the analysis of the peculiarities of the protection of property rights in the economic crimes investigation is particularly relevant. The purpose of the research is to generalize approaches for understanding the economic crime's nature and structure, analysing effective ways to protect property in the economic crimes investigation, as well as the specifics of releasing property from arrest as a way to protect third party property violated in the economic crimes investigation. Materials and methods: a set of general and special scientific methods was used in a study, in particular, the dialectical method; comparative legal method; methods of analysis and synthesis; formal logical (dogmatic) method; statistical method and generalization method. The empirical basis of the study is the cases of the Supreme Court (Ukraine) and the European Court of Human Rights, statistics of the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine for 2017-2019, as well as the authors' own experience as judge of the Supreme Court and the High Specialized Court of Ukraine for Civil and Criminal Cases. Results: there are two main approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of “economic crime” defined, its main features are identified and the system of economic crimes in Ukraine is characterized. It is argued that the application of such types of punishment for serious and especially serious profit-motivated crimes as special confiscation and confiscation of property is consistent with the practice of the ECHR. The case law of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court on determining the jurisdiction of legal disputes on the release of distrained property, used in the investigation of economic crimes, is summarized. Conclusions: for correct protection of the property rights of individuals and legal entities violated during the investigation of economic crimes, the state must ensure the proper functioning of effective legal means of protection of property rights.
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Zinovjev, Igor Feliksovich, and Viktor Evgenievich Reutov. "DYNAMICS OF ECONOMIC CRIME MARKERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., no. 2 (51) (2020): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2020-2-190-200.
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Considering economic crimes (CEC), as a characteristic of the relationship between the factors of the socio-economic life of the territory with crime (reflecting the dynamics of the gap between the needs of the population of the region and the degree of their actual satisfaction), it becomes possible to start modeling the predictive dynamics of emerging and realized trends in the structure of economic crime in the Republic. Crimea. Revealing the territorial specifics of CEC in the region will make it possible to plan measures to concentrate measures of state influence on the sphere of factors that predetermine the predicted dynamics of economic crime and to prevent direct material damage from a possible negative state, functioning and development of the Crimean society. The criminological analysis of quantitative indicators of the dynamics of economic crime (with all the reservations about the incompleteness of the provided statistical data for PES and their distortions) does not allow (with the demanded depth of consideration) to distance the problems of various aspects of accounting for crime in this area and the factors that predetermine its specificity in the region. In order to increase the validity and information richness of the analysis of the territorial specifics of CEC, the author’s calculated «markers» were proposed that reflect one or another aspect of economic crime, as well as dynamic trends in its structure and / or nature. Based on the analysis of marker indicators, a characteristic of the region’s economic crime was compiled and a forecast scenario for the development of trends in the CEC of the Republic of Crimea was proposed.
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Marine, Frank J. "The effects of organized crime on legitimate businesses." Journal of Financial Crime 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13590790610660926.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the development and nature of organized crime in the USA over the past 50 years, emphasizing organized crime's corruption and victimization of legitimate businesses and describing law enforcement's efforts to combat organized crime through specific case studies.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the paper analyzes the control over and corruption of legitimate businesses in the USA by the La Cosa Nostra (“LCN,” or the American Mafia), including the following industries: Las Vegas gaming; moving and storage; garment; waste – hauling; and, construction, and the following unions: the International Brotherhood of Teamsters; Laborers International Union of North America; and, the International Longshoreman's Association. The paper also describes law enforcement's successful efforts to combat such corruption through the use of criminal and civil racketeering laws and specific prosecutions. The paper then discusses the emergence in the mid‐1980s of non‐traditional organized crime groups in the USA, including various Asian ethnic groups and large‐scale human trafficking organizations that impact Europe and Asia as well as the USA.FindingsThe non‐traditional criminal groups not only prey on the legitimate businesses in ethnic Asian communities in the USA, but they also engage in complex crimes, alien smuggling, drug trafficking, credit‐card frauds, money laundering, and other financial crimes. There has emerged a new era for organized crime that began in the 1990s with the fall of the former Soviet Union and the emergence of transnational organized crime groups emanating from the nations comprising the former Soviet Bloc. These organized crime groups engage in a wide variety of economic crimes including extortion, fraud, illicit appropriation of natural resources, and public corruption. Such extensive corruption threatens the stability of some of these emerging nations.Originality/valueThis paper will be valuable to law enforcement offices and policy makers to assist them to understand the scope and nature of organized crime's adverse effects upon businesses and economic interests and to develop tools to combat such criminal activities.
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Moskaleva, E. G. "ECONOMIC CRIME IN RUSSIA: MAIN TRENDS AND FACTORS." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 1726–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-8-1726-1740.
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The article presents the results of studying the level of crime in the economic sphere in the country on the basis of official statistical information from Rosstat and the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. Economic crimes are difficult enough to detect, and the scale of latent economic crime is very large. In addition, the complexity of research in this area is due to the lack of precisely defined and unambiguously interpreted terms: “crimes in economic sphere”, “economic crimes”, “crime in economic field” or “crimes in the field of economic activity”. Summarizing the experience of theoretical and empirical research in this area, the author identifies three approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “economic crime”: legislative (based on the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), departmental and research. The consequences of economic crimes inflict irreparable harm on economic entities, society, the state as a whole, and undermine national security. The systematization of statistical data and the research carried out over a long period of time made it possible to identify the main trends in the situation from the standpoint of criminalization and decriminalization of the Russian economy, as well as to identify regions with an increased level of economic crime. The criminological analysis of crime in the sphere of economic activity has shown that there is an increase in negative trends, and with the development of the economy, it is necessary to strengthen activities to suppress economic crime. The statistical analysis of empirical data and monographic analysis made it possible to determine the most effective, in the author’s opinion, directions of combating economic crime in the modern world.
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Moskaleva, E. G., and N. N. Podol'naya. "CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC CRIME." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-1-117-123.
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The article defines the consequences of economic crimes, summarizes the experience of theoretical and empirical studies of crime in the Russian economy, and presents the results of the author's research in this area. The interpretation of the concept of "economic crime" is characterized by legislative, departmental and research approaches. The authors argue that it is difficult to detect crimes in the economic sphere and the high level of latency of economic crime. Data from official statistics of Rosstat and the Prosecutor General's office of the Russian Federation were selected as the empirical base of the study. The research was carried out using methods of visual representation of data, research of dynamics, structure and analysis of relationships in the whole country and in the regional context. The study revealed the main trends in the situation from the point of view of criminalization and de-criminalization of the Russian economy, consisting in slowing down the reduction in the number of crimes in the economy in the Russian Federation. The study identifies regions with an increased level of economic crime and assesses the effectiveness of measures taken to counteract economic crime. The analysis made it possible to determine the directions of countering economic crime in Russia with the mandatory involvement of digital technologies.
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Denysov, S., and Yu Filei. "THE CAUSES AND CONDITIONS OF CRIME IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMY." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2021.66.27.
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The article examines the issue of combating criminal offenses in the field of economics. It is emphasized that economic crime is caused by destructive tendencies in the development of market relations in the economy and social sphere. Lack of real protection of legitimate economic relations, lag of law-making activity from the needs of economic practice, unsystematic adoption of legal acts concerning certain elements of the economic system. Recently, there has been a process of merging economic and criminal offenses, as well as merging with organized crime. Penetrating into various spheres of the economy, criminal associations seek not only to establish control over the activities of specific enterprises but also to create their own structures capable of occupying a leading position in the infrastructure of individual industries. The intellectual level of criminal activity increases, the scope, and methods of encroachment expand. The reasons for committing mercenary crimes in the economic sphere are both objective and subjective. Thus, in the determination of crime involved both biological and social characteristics of man. An economic criminal does not perceive himself as a criminal, although he admits that he is breaking the law. The problem here is that the media is very one-sided coverage of the image of the traditional criminal, as well as the fact that economically criminal behavior is difficult at first glance to distinguish from socially obedient. Economic criminals justify their crimes by committing them with the tacit consent or approval of public opinion. They deny causing harm to citizens, and also claim that almost all businessmen do the same. If the profit significantly exceeds the possible punishment, then such a crime becomes profitable. Criminal behavior should not be economically or socially profitable. At the same time, it is important to improve the economic and social living conditions of the people.
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Dimić, Suzana, and Vanda Božić. "Tax crimes as the leading form of economic crime." Pravo i privreda 58, no. 4 (2020): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pip2004055d.
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The financing of the vital interests of the social community justifies tax coverage, but taxpayers, due to the reduction of their economic power, perceive it as a burden. As a result, they resort to various modalities of behaviour - from changes in their economic decisions, which are spread to the economy through the market mechanism, to various forms of illegal behaviour. Activities by which taxpayers knowingly and intentionally violate tax regulations in order to reduce or completely fail to fulfill their tax obligation are incriminated as tax crimes. The paper analyses tax crimes in relation to the crimes of economic crime and concludes that tax crimes are the leading form of economic crime. In the concluding remarks, proposals de lege ferenda for the suppression of tax crime are given.
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Khrustaleva, S. P., K. S. Krivyakin, M. S. Lutsenko, and O. O. Shendrikova. "Algorithms for countering economic crimes and assessing the level of threats to economic security in the context of strategic management." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-4-280-290.
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Crimes in the field of economic activity have become so common in society that crime in the economy has become the norm in the behavior of business entities. Economic crime in Russia at the present stage has reached such a scale that it really threatens the national security of the state. All this requires a detailed study of the individual elements of a crime in the sphere of economic activity and determination of methods for preventing economic crimes. Ensuring the economic rule of law is a guarantee of ensuring the economic security of the state in the future. Economic crimes committed at enterprises of various patterns of ownership are considered. The main type of economic crime is the misappropriation of assets (property), bribery and corruption are in second place, and finally, the third type of common economic crime in 2019 is procurement fraud. The amount of damage from economic crimes in large enterprises ranges from 100 thousand to 1 million US dollars. The main tools for detecting economic crimes in Russia are: the activities of the internal audit and economic security services; information technology protection and financial security of the enterprise; reporting suspicious transactions; the activities of the enterprise to manage the risks of losses from fraud. It is proposed to identify four levels of economic security of the enterprise: critical, low, medium and high. The optimality of the processes for managing economic and information security of PJSC VASO was assessed, which made it possible to single out the main functional components of the overall security of industrial enterprises. A comprehensive assessment of the level of economic threats of PJSC “VASO” as of 2019 was carried out.
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Begichev, M. M., and A. V. Vlasov. "Problems of counteraction to economic crimes in modern conditions." Entrepreneur’s Guide 13, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-9885-2020-13-1-108-117.
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The Development of economic crime occurred in Russia in the «dashing 90s», at the same time the first economic crimes are known in the era of ancient Rome and Egypt, and each era is somehow connected with new economic crimes that have their own characteristics and specificity. The problem of preventing crimes in the economic sphere is complex, requiring all third-party study in a specific period of time and countering them depends directly on the mechanisms that are currently in the state and law enforcement agencies.The article analyzes the peculiarity of the use of digital technologies aimed at combating economic crime.
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Aigbovo, Osaretin. "Trend and pattern of economic and financial crimes statutes in Nigeria." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-03-2015-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the general direction and pattern of modern economic and financial crimes statutes in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines Nigerian economic and financial crime statues. Findings This paper identifies the trend and features, which are common to all the statutes irrespective of economic and financial crime covered by them. Originality/value This paper shows that although Nigerian economic and financial crimes statutes have evolved gradually from Military era Decrees, and target different aspects of economic and financial crimes, there are certain features, which are common to all of them.
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Popko, Vadym, and Yevgen Popko. "THEORETICAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECONOMIC CRIMES OF A TRANSNATIONAL NATURE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-1-93-101.
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The article examines the theoretical and legal foundations of economic crimes of a transnational nature formed under the influence of globalisation processes in the world, the growth of international crime and other factors. The author provides a conceptual description of transnational crime as the main category of transnational criminal law, including economic crimes. Scientific views of domestic and foreign scientists on the nature of crimes of an international nature, including criminal acts in the economic sphere are analysed; the most dangerous and widespread economic crimes are characterised. Attention is paid to the legal regulation of these relations, universal and regional conventions, other sources. The authors justify the need to criminalise transnational economic crimes in national law, regardless of whether a particular state is a party to international conventions adopted by international organisations. The authors pay special attention to the characteristics of the subjects of the crime and reveals the debatable nature of their definition, in particular, analyse the problematic nature of the recognition of a legal entity as a subject of crime. The authors use a conceptual approach to clarifying the subject of study, which determines the reasonability of theoretical research, and modern principles of scientific methodology: the principle of scientific pluralism, impartiality, comprehensiveness of research, historicism, complexity and others. A modern requirement in the methodology of science is the rejection of methodological monism, which has long been dominant in theoretical and historical studies of social (including legal) phenomena and the rejection of the ideology of scientific knowledge, which provides an objective, unbiased attitude to any legal phenomena, legal systems, etc. The purpose of the article is to provide theoretical and legal characteristics of international crime in the economic sphere, identify the transnational nature of these crimes, clarify the state of legal regulation of these relations at the international level, as well as international cooperation to combat these crimes. Based on the study and theoretical generalisation of the research topic, the authors emphasise the following conclusions: modern world problems are global in nature; economic crime transcends borders and becomes international; economic crimes of a transnational nature are recognised as socially dangerous acts that encroach on the system of social relations in the field of financial and credit, investment, information, trade, etc. activities, and have a transnational nature, i.e. go beyond one state; countering economic crimes of a transnational nature is within the internal competence of states, but international cooperation in this area also has an objective basis; the legal basis of international cooperation of states are international legal anti-criminal conventions, which define the criminal acts and obligations of states to criminalise economic crimes and provide legal assistance in criminal proceedings, in particular in extradition and transfer of accused and convicted persons, disposal of confiscated property, joint investigation and other issues.
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Volobuieva, Olena, and Tetiana Shevchenko. "TOPICAL ISSUES OF ECONOMIC CRIME INVESTIGATION: EUROPEAN VECTOR." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-1-33-38.
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The aim of the article is to analyse topical issues arising during the investigation of economic crimes in Ukraine and abroad, as well as to develop concrete suggestions to optimize the investigation of such crimes. The subject of the study is the topical issues of the investigation of economic crimes: the European vector. Methodology. The analysis of legal regulations of Ukraine and scientific literature enabled to study the current state of combating organized groups committing economic crimes and to determine the strategic priorities and objectives of counteraction to this socio-negative phenomenon in Ukraine, as well as dialectical method, scientific abstraction, methods of system analysis, were used. The results of the study revealed that the authors proposed the perspective concerning a strategy, ways, and mechanisms for overcoming economic crime in Ukraine through the introduction of advanced European experience. Practical implications. The study and adoption of positive foreign experience in countering organized crime in the economic sectors, individual elements and introducing them into the law enforcement bodies’ practice in Ukraine would enable to improve performance during the investigation of economic crimes. Relevance/originality. A comparative analysis of the investigation of economic crimes in foreign countries enabled to develop the most promising areas to improve domestic legislation in this sphere.
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Umanhonlen, Felix Ogbeiyulu, Otakefe J.P, and Killian Osikhenaogiedu. "Combating economic and financial crimes in nigeria: the role of the forensic accountant." Journal of Management and Science 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.10.7.
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Economic and financial crime has been a clog in the wheel of progressand a majorproblem be devil economic prosperity and growth modelsof most nations of the world. Due to this government in some quarters have had the reason to set upinstitutions to unravel as well asdispels themenace. Despite this,fewer than much success mayhave been achieved by the respective anti-corruption agencies as a result of not identifying with therole of forensic accounting science in planning, investigating and representing expert witness/testimony on be fore law suit. This paper attempts toappraisethe role of forensic accountant in combating economic and financial crimes in Nigeria. The paper explored relevance components of economic and financial crimes and extensively discussed concepts of crime and criminality, corruption, white collar and cybercrimes. Specifically, the study reviews the historical antidotes of forensic accounting, emphasizes on the role of forensic accounting science in litigation and forensic accountantensuring economic and financial crime immersed. Moreso, the study identifies basis for future research, some potential crimes factors and forensic accounting science expert’s opinion in crime scene as well as reviewed prior studies and gap envisaged. Essentially, the study reviewed theoretical issues using qualitative approach thereby involving a survey of literature to decipher relevant issues. It there fore sought that forensic accounting serves the basis for investigation, expert witness testimonyand opinion of expert in lawsuit so as to unravel crimes, and reach resolution for recovering. However, concludes that there is need to involve and embrace accounting expert science in all facets of crime investigation in order to accelerate detections and ameliorate incidences of failed attempt on crime recovery related to economic and financial crimes. Therefore, propose that public and private sectors should engage, recruit and employservices of and/or stationed forensic accountant to review,strengthen, reappraises records and internal control on routine basis. Also to check incidences of crime perception as well as anti-corruption agencies saddled with the responsibilities of fighting economic and financial crimes to employ and adopt engagement of forensic accountant on regular basis among others for all-inclusiveness works of planning, investigating, detecting,and recovering.
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Reutov, Viktor Yevgeniyevich, and Diana Dmitrievna Burkaltseva. "ECONOMIC CRIME: SOCIO—ECONOMIC CONDITIONS." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., no. 3 (52) (2021): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2020-3-118-129.
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Of course, in any country, including Russia, the relevance of research to prevent an increase in the level of economic crime is important. Moreover, its level is an indicator of the country’s economic security. Accordingly, in the conditions of restrictions, the consequences of the pandemic associated with an increase in unemployment, a decrease in the income of the population, the factors affecting an increase in this indicator — the level of crime in the economic sphere — are increasing. The article provides a forecast of socio-economic indicators: the development of the social sphere, the level and quality of life. The decomposition of institutionalization of preventive measures aimed at counteracting the commission of economic crime is built. A portrait of a criminal in cybercrime conditions is highlighted and the dynamics of registered crimes is considered. At the same time, in the institutional structure of the decomposition of preventive measures aimed at counteracting the commission of economic crime, a component of socio-economic conditions is highlighted, contributing to the increase in the commission or reduction of this type of economic crime.
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Dudnikov, A. L. "CRIME METHOD IN THE SPHERE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AS SYSTEM-FORMING ELEMENT OF CRIMINALISTICS DESCRIPTION." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 17 (November 29, 2017): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2017.05.
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The problem questions of criminalistic interrelations of the crime method in sphere of economic activities with other elements of criminalistic characteristic (a subject of a criminal infringement, personality of a criminal, typical traces) are studied. Depending on circumstances, key value when investigating crimes in the sphere of economic activity may have any from the specified elements of the criminalistic characterictics. The analysis of investigative and judicial practice shows that there exist correlation dependences between such structural elements of a criminalistic characteristic of crimes in the sphere of economic activity as their method, typical traces and criminal personalities because the type and the method of a crime are in a close relation with the criminal personality. But as this research and investigative practice proves, for this type of crimes the method occupies a special, leading position. It’s a system-forming element of a criminalistic characteristic which is related with the other dependences of high degree ofprobability. It’s explained by that a method is most informative, and in it (by means of it) all components of process of preparation, fulfillment and crime concealment in the sphere of economic activity are fully displayed. The crimes methods study is a source for the newest recommendations on struggle against crime. The data about this criminalistic category is used for working out tactical means and methodical recommendations about disclosure, investigation and the prevention of crimes in the sphere of economic activity and also for the organization and planning of investigation. In particular, the information about the methods of crimes is used for providing comprehensiveness, all-roundness and efficiency of investigation; for search of the persons who have committed a crime, and also for the prevention from their committing by already known methods or by such that could appear.
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Damm, Anna Piil, and Christian Dustmann. "Does Growing Up in a High Crime Neighborhood Affect Youth Criminal Behavior?" American Economic Review 104, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 1806–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.6.1806.
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This paper investigates the effect of early exposure to neighborhood crime on subsequent criminal behavior of youth exploiting a unique natural experiment between 1986 and 1998 when refugee immigrants to Denmark were assigned to neighborhoods quasi-randomly. We find strong evidence that the share of young people convicted for crimes, in particular violent crimes, in the neighborhood increases convictions of male assignees later in life. No such effects are found for other measures of neighborhood crime including the rate of committed crimes. Our findings suggest social interaction as a key channel through which neighborhood crime is linked to individual criminal behavior. (JEL J13, J15, K42, R23, Z13)
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Matijošaitienė, Irina, and Monika Gedvilaite. "Crime in Lithuanian Cities in Relation to Urban Planning and Design Aspects." Architecture and Urban Planning 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aup-2016-0004.
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Abstract Crime is a social phenomenon, which is closely related to human behaviour, economics, urban planning and design. The detailed research of six blocks of houses in three Lithuanian cities (Kaunas, Vilnius and Panevezys) with the highest crime rates and the most heterogeneous crimes was performed. Space syntax method, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and correlation analysis were applied. Research results demonstrate that thefts from cars, other thefts, crime against human health, robberies, small-scale hooliganism and intentional damage or destruction of property correlate with particular properties of urban spaces and design elements.
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كنعان, صالح أحمد. "أثر القبض والتسليم على الحكم الغيابي الصادر في الجرائم الاقتصادية = The Impact of the Arrest and Extradition on the Absentia Adjudications Issued at the Economical Crimes." Dirasat Shari a and Law Sciences 43 (October 2016): 1769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0035150.
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Egoryshev, Sergey. "The Destructive Effect of Economic Crime on the Process of Economy Socialization." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2020, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2020-5-3-305-311.
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Over the past two decades, the problems of the economy socialization have gained increasing interest of Russian scientists. Economy socialization is 1) a civilizational regularity of socio-economic development, 2) a key component of the world economic transformation, 3) an essential condition for the formation of a social economy and social state. Unfortunately, Russia has a very low rate of economy socialization as a result of economic crime. The study was based on various sociological and criminological approaches. Its objective was to conduct a comparative analysis of statistical material for 2012–2019 and describe the state, trends, and consequences of economic crime in Russia and in the Republic of Bashkortostan in order to show its destructive impact on economy socialization. The research featured corruption, economic crimes, and real estate crimes. One third or even a half of all economic crimes are classified as serious or extremely serious and cause great material damage. If properly implemented, the economy socialization can create conditions for a more successful counteraction to economic crime. The results of the study can be useful in road-mapping regional socio-economic development, combating economic crime, or as comparative material for related research.
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Hrytsyshen, Dymytrii, Iryna Suprunova, and Serhii Lysak. "Класифікація економічної злочинності для цілей державного управління в контексті забезпечення державної безпеки." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 4(37) (2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2020.4(37).9-25.
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Classification is a special general scientific method of scientific research, which allows to establish the properties of the object of study both for the purposes of own research and for the purposes of forming new scientific knowledge. The classification model allows you to approach the object of public administration in a complex and take into account all the properties in further research. Classification as a method of study has a dual meaning for the researcher: from the outside, it is a method that contributes to the study of the system and order; from the internal, it is a technique that determines the completeness and correctness of the conclusions of the study. Classification of economic crimes from the standpoint of public administration will fully assess their properties, which determine the level of threat to national security. Economic crime is not a new phenomenon in Ukraine or in the world. Accordingly, the issue of economic crime has interested scientists for quite some time. The article investigates and systematizes the classification of economic crime in scientific and educational literature. Based on the presented approaches to the classification of economic crimes in scientific, reference and educational literature, the directions of their systematization were determined: by general components of economic activity: by violation of principles of economic activity, by sphere of economic relations. by the spheres of public relations that regulate economic activity, by the content of the committed crime, by the way of committing the crime, by the subjective features. The approaches proposed by scientists to the classification of economic crime are mostly determined by criminal law in force in a country, and therefore do not fully meet the objectives of public administration in the context of combating economic crime as a threat to national security. That is why the author's classification model of economic crime was developed for the purposes of public administration. The presented classification model of economic crime allows to approach economic crime as an object of public administration in a complex and to consider all properties at formation of innovative mechanisms of counteraction.
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Billings, Stephen B. "Local Option, Alcohol and Crime." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 791–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0040.
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Abstract With the end of National Prohibition in 1933, 30 states gave counties and municipalities the local option to continue alcohol restrictions. Currently, 10% of U.S. counties still maintain a ban on some or all alcohol. Since the Prohibition movement advanced on the association between alcohol use and criminal behavior, this research examines the impact of county-level alcohol restrictions on multiple types of crime across five U.S. states. Standard panel models show a positive relationship between local option policy changes to allow alcohol and crime. The novelty of this research involves comparing the impact of alcohol restrictions across crimes classified by the degree to which an offense is often committed under the influence of alcohol. Results highlight impacts across a number of crime categories with crimes commonly committed under the influence of alcohol as well as crimes involving drug use and even crimes associated with obtaining alcohol all increasing when counties allow the sale and consumption of alcohol.
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Blackmore, F. L. E. "A panel data analysis of crime in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2003): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i3.3299.
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This study analyses the determinants of crime in South Africa using economic, social and demographic variables. The model is estimated using an unbalanced panel of 1044 observations for 15 crimes across the 9 provinces of South Africa over 8 years. A comprehensive analysis of the crime situation is achieved using this data, since it combines the benefits of macroeconomic time series with microeconomic cross sectional series. The statistical results identify significant effects for the income per capita, drug use, ratio of woman to men, the economically active population, degree of urbanisation, unemployment rate and age structure variables. Only one third of all crimes are sensitive to changes in quantity of expenditure on total protection services. Education and change in gross domestic product variables yielded insignificant results.
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Powell, Zachary A., Jonathan A. Grubb, and Matt R. Nobles. "A Near Repeat Examination of Economic Crimes." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 9 (November 23, 2018): 1319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718811927.
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Criminological inquiry has recently showcased increased attention toward the near repeat phenomenon, which suggests that following an initial criminal event, there is an increased risk for the occurrence of the same type of event spatially and temporally proximate to the initiating event. The majority of previous research tends focuses on the patterns related to violent and conventional property crimes but neglects to examine other economic-related crimes. Given the significant costs associated with this crime type, unpacking hidden patterns may be useful in identifying high-risk areas and deploying appropriate countermeasures. The current study builds on previous examinations of the near repeat phenomenon through the exploration of specific economic crimes (counterfeiting, credit card/ATM fraud, false pretense/swindling) using 6 years of crime data from the Fort Worth (Texas) Police Department. Although near repeat patterns were discovered across multiple analyses, the greatest risk across all analyses was for repeat victimization at the same location. A discussion of policy implications, limitations, and areas for future research are also provided.
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Baker, Scott R. "Effects of Immigrant Legalization on Crime." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151041.
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I examine the effects that the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which legalized almost 3 million immigrants, had on crime in the United States. I exploit the IRCA's quasi-random timing as well as geographic variation in the intensity of treatment to isolate causal impacts. I find decreases in crime of 3-5 percent, primarily due to decline in property crimes, equivalent to 120,000-180,000 fewer violent and property crimes committed each year due to legalization. I calibrate a labor market model of crime, finding that much of the drop in crime can be explained by greater labor market opportunities among applicants.
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Andresen, Martin A. "Location Quotients, Ambient Populations, and the Spatial Analysis of Crime in Vancouver, Canada." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 10 (October 2007): 2423–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38187.
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This paper uses the location quotient, a common measurement from economic geography and regional economics, to capture the specialization of criminal activity in Vancouver, Canada. Location quotients have barely been introduced into criminological research, yet they provide additional insight into crime analysis not available using crime counts and crime rates. The location quotients for automotive theft, break and enter, and violent crimes are mapped for Vancouver, Canada, and tested using social disorganization and routine activity theory as a theoretical framework. Strong support is found for these theories to predict specialization in criminal activity by interpreting their expectations in the context of crime-specific attractors.
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Naydenyshev, Yuri, and Anna Sidorova. "Economic Crimes as an Evaluation Indicator of the State of Economic Security of the Russian Federation." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 3 (October 2020): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.3.7.
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Economic security is an important system-forming element of the country of laws and the well-being of the population. The negative phenomenon of crime has a significant impact on all processes taking place in the socioeconomic sphere. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of criminal activity in the economic sphere of society on the state of economic security of the Russian Federation and the southern regions of the country in particular. The study is devoted to the search of ways to prevent crimes in the economic sphere, as well as ways to improve the investigation methodology. The methodological basis of the study is presented by the methods of formal logic (analysis, synthesis and analogy), general scientific (comparison), and specific methods of cognition (statistical method, typology method). As a result of the structural analysis of the state of economic and corruption crime in the Russian Federation and Krasnodar Krai in particular, the specific vectors of its influence on the living standards of the population and accordingly on the economic situation in the country have been determined. The trend in recent years, on the one hand, is characterized by positive dynamics in the form of a decrease in the total number of committed crimes. On the other hand, the proportion of economic and corruption crimes in the structure of the total number of officially registered crimes in Russia is characterized by growth. In addition, the damage caused by crime types under analysis also grows annually. This negative trend of illegal acts in the economic sphere damages the entire organizational and managerial activity of the government and negatively affects the state of national business. On the basis of the results of the study, specific measures which prevent economic and corruption crimes are proposed, the use of which will help to achieve the necessary level of economic security of Russia as a country with a well-developed infrastructure and an attractive socio-economic climate. Besides, the use of these measures will contribute to the normal functioning of the government machine and achievement of a high level and standard of living of the population.
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FRANCEZ, PABLO ABDON DA COSTA, CIRO AUGUSTO FERNANDES DE OLIVEIRA PENIDO, GILCELENE DO SOCORRO MEDEIROS DE BRITO COSTA, RODRIGO MATOS DE ALMEIDA, EDUARDA EMANUELLE SILVA PENA, KARINA FUNABASHI, and RAFAEL LIMA RESQUE. "Comparison between automated DNA extraction employing the EZ1 platform and manual methods using real forensic samples." Revista Brasileira de Criminalística 10, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15260/rbc.v10i1.476.
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In the last 30 years, advances in Molecular Biology techniques have allowed its application as an essential tool in the criminal investigation, with a particularly relevant application in the determination of authorship of crimes and the identification of missing persons and unknown corpses. However, with the popularization of Forensic Genetics and the growth of violence, there has been a significant increase in the demand for these tests, which has led Forensic Genetics Laboratories to search for more efficient and safe methods of processing this increasing volume of samples. In this sense, automation was one of the adopted solutions, allowing the processing of the samples more accurately and with the minimum of human interference, reducing the risks, and being a more economical alternative when used in large scale. This paper aims to present the results obtained concerning the standardization of the use of an automated DNA extraction platform and to evaluate the advantages of this method in relation to the manual methods in the extraction of forensic samples from the Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of POLITEC-AP. For the realization of the experiments, 500 samples of DNA were extracted using manual methods (Organic and Chelex 100®) and using the automated extraction equipment EZ1 Advanced XL® from Qiagen ©. The automated extraction using the EZ1® following the manufacturer's protocol or after the adaptation of the protocol presented qualitative and quantitative results superior to those obtained using manual methods, both for reference saliva samples and unknown samples of unknown cadavers (teeth and bones) and secretions collected from victims of sexual violence.
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Kalist, David E., and Daniel Y. Lee. "The National Football League." Journal of Sports Economics 17, no. 8 (August 3, 2016): 863–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002514554953.
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This article investigates the effects of National Football League (NFL) games on crime. Using a panel data set that includes daily crime incidences in eight large cities with NFL teams, we examine how various measurements of criminal activities change on game day compared with nongame days. Our findings from both ordinary least squares and negative binomial regressions indicate that NFL home games are associated with a 2.6% increase in total crimes, while financially motivated crimes such as larceny and motor vehicle theft increase by 4.1% and 6.7%, respectively, on game days. However, we observe that play-off games are associated with a decrease in financially motivated crimes. The effects of game time (afternoon vs. evening) and upset wins and losses on crime are also considered.
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Paleshko, Yana, Olha Kubetska, and Oleksandr Neklesa. "Economic component of crime and ways to prevent illegal actions." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2020): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-5-317-322.
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The authors have noted that the successful prevention of crime is a matter not only of law en-forcement officers, but also of society. The strategy of public influence on crime should consist, on the one hand, in involving, and on the other – in the initiative participation of individual citizens, public law enforcement organizations, etc. in law enforcement, participation in crime prevention programs, providing information on committed crimes with mandatory material encouragement of these areas of work by the state and private business.
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Tsykora, Anna, and Anastasiya Nelipa. "RESPONSIBILITY FOR CORRUPTION-RELATED CRIMES IN THE SPHERE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Science & World 2021, no. 1 (July 22, 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/2307-9401-2021-1-6-10.
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Moreira, Gustavo Carvalho, Ana Lucia Kassouf, and Marcelo Justus. "An estimate of the underreporting of violent crimes against property applying stochastic frontier analysis to the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil." Nova Economia 28, no. 3 (December 2018): 779–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/4202.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the level of underreporting of violent crimes against property in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using stochastic frontier analysis. Failure to report a crime to competent authorities has negative consequences for the effectiveness of public safety policies, because policy decisions regarding criminal matters are based on official crime statistics, which in turn are biased by underreporting. An awareness of the magnitude of underreporting should help policy makers to design more appropriate crime prevention strategies. The database used for the study defines armed robbery, robbery, and theft as violent crimes against property. The main results of the study show that, from 2004 to 2011, 32.7% of all violent crimes against property in the state were not reported. A robustness test was carried out on the estimates by employing the same technique to calculate the level of underreporting for the homicide rate, which is the least unreported crime.
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Morshedi, Farzaneh, and Hossein Gholami. "Review the legal challenges of supporting economic crimes victims." Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 4, no. 18 (August 31, 2019): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v4i18.846.
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Economic crimes in industrialized developing countries, especially in Iran, constitute an important level of crime. The main nature of these crimes and the deep-seated tragedy of its victims in various areas, in addition to the wide range of economic crimes and the number of genuine and legal victims, and in particular the economic system, distinguish these crimes from other crimes. The support of this group of victims in various areas can be evaluated and reviewed. The most important type of support is legislative support, which anticipates various actions in this area, in the wake of several different laws by adopting various laws. But by examining the relevant laws, we find that only legitimate legislature has failed to take the necessary steps to support these perpetrators, in which numerous factors have affected it. In this article, one can examine some of these causes, including legislative changes, the inappropriateness of penalties, legislature vacuum, and so on.
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Miller, Ted R., Mark A. Cohen, David I. Swedler, Bina Ali, and Delia V. Hendrie. "Incidence and Costs of Personal and Property Crimes in the USA, 2017." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 12, no. 1 (2021): 24–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.36.
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AbstractTotal cost estimates for crime in the USA are both out-of-date and incomplete. We estimated incidence and costs of personal crimes (both violent and non-violent) and property crimes in 2017. Incidence came from national arrest data, multi-state estimates of police-reported crimes per arrest, national victimization and road crash surveys, and police underreporting studies. We updated and expanded upon published unit costs. Estimated crime costs totaled $2.6 trillion ($620 billion in monetary costs plus quality of life losses valued at $1.95 trillion; 95 % uncertainty interval $2.2–$3.0 trillion). Violent crime accounted for 85 % of costs. Principal contributors to the 10.9 million quality-adjusted life years lost were sexual violence, physical assault/robbery, and child maltreatment. Monetary expenditures caused by criminal victimization represent 3 % of Gross Domestic Product – equivalent to the amount spent on national defense. These estimates exclude the additional costs of preventing and avoiding crime such as enhanced lighting and burglar alarms. They also exclude crimes against businesses and most white-collar and corporate offenses.
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Shiyab, Tayil Mahmoud, Mohammad Amin Alkrisheh, and Alaa Y. Darawsheh. "Corporate governance and organized crimes: Comparative analytical study of the legislative role." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 3 (2021): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i3art2.
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This research aims to study the organized crime, its characteristics, and the legislative role in combating it. Due to its reception of many refugees from Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Libya, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Jordan witnessed a widespread of numerous forms of organized crimes such as drug crimes, money laundering, and human trafficking. The authors seek to clarify how Emirati and Jordanian lawmakers dealt with such crime, and whether their legal texts were sufficient and consistent with international conventions. An analytical and comparative approach was the methodology utilized to conduct the study. The authors tackled this research through, the demonstration of the concept of organized crime in the international conventions and national legislation and the viewpoints of Jurisprudence in this regard. Organized crime is described as a threat to national security and as a crime that has dire political implications at the national and international levels (Campbell, 2014). The research has focused on the laws concerning common organized crimes such as narcotic drug trafficking, human trafficking, and money laundering. This research highlighted the efforts exerted by legislators in both countries to combat organized crimes. The findings indicate that both countries enforced specific laws and regulations to stop such crimes
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Gadzhiev, Nazirkhan Gadzhievich, Olga Vladimirovna Kiseleva, Sergei Aleksandrovich Konovalenko, and Olga Viktorovna Skripkina. "Forensic and economic examination of fraud in finance and credit." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-2-89-99.
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The paper is focused on the problem of detecting crimes committed in the financial sphere. It is a multifaceted study including analysis of global economic crime, statistical laws
of crime development, as well as the international experience of identifying them. The crimes committed in the credit and financial sphere are of particular interest in the structure of economic crime, since they cause tremendous damage to the state, undermining the foundations of the country's national economic security. The economic crimes account for about 40% of the total amount of material damage inflicted. Among the most common types of crime in the financial sector is fraud. This category of crime has become widespread not only in Russia but also abroad. There has been given a conditional classification of fraud: fraud with credit and debit bank cards; intracorporate fraud of employees of a credit institution; fraud on the Internet and social networks; bank credit and loan fraud; other types of fraudulent activities with bank assets. Investigation of the criminal fraudulent acts in many ways cannot be carried out without using the special knowledge, methods and techniques of a forensic accountant. The right choice of the qualified experts with the necessary level of knowledge, professional skills and experience in the finance and credit by participants in legal proceedings is the basis for an objective, comprehensive and complete study, and the conclusion prepared by a competent expert is one of the evidence in a criminal case. The highly qualified accountant is primarily focused on collecting the documentary evidence of the illegal acts and establishing the exact amount of material damage from fraud. In international practice, there are used the specific methods of gathering evidence, application of which in Russian expert activities would allow revealing the facts of fraud more effectively. There has been stated the important and invaluable role of special accounting knowledge in conducting forensic and economic examination in the investigation of fraud in the finance and credit.
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Ĺ oltĂ©s, Viktor, and KatarĂna Repková Ĺ tofková. "THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF CRIME AND OTHER ANTISOCIAL ACTIVITIES." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 23, 2017): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.963.
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Crime and other antisocial activities are the social phenomena that adversely affect the lives of people. Besides the negative impact on the quality of human life, the crime has a negative impact also on the economy. Damage caused by criminal acts can also be quantified in economic terms. This damage consists principally of the assets stolen from victims of crime, e.g. material damage. A substantial part of the damage also represents the financial losses that were caused by the economic crime. Another part of the damage is financial compensation provided by the state to the violent crime victims or their family members.The paper deals with the analysis of the economically quantified damage caused by different types of crime in the Slovak Republic. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze types of crimes that cause the largest economic losses and subsequently propose measures for elimination of critical types of crime to prevent greater economic losses.
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Yefimov, Volovymyr. "Modern activity of the national police in counteracting economic crimes in the basic branches of the economy of Ukraine (agro-industrial complex)." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 2, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-2-316-320.
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It is emphasized that economic crimes affect all types of economic activity, are reflected in various spheres of society. Not only intentional encroachments on property have increased, but also other crimes related to economic activity: economic abuse, abuse of power by employees of institutions, enterprises, organizations, "bribery", fraud, forgery of documents. The main burden of combating economic crime falls on the National Police, and the priority role in the prevention of economic crime belongs to the criminal police, which includes the Department of Strategic Investigations. The effectiveness of prevention of economic crimes is ensured by high-quality information and analytical activities, the presence of scientifically sound prognostic estimates of high probability. The police should assess the following indicators: the actual level and trends of the criminal busi-ness, both parasitic on the legal economy and that which exists in illegal economic activities; the share of criminal communities in it; comparative intensity of fraud by areas and territories. The objects of preventive activities of the National Police should be: negative phenomena and processes that contribute to the commission of specific economic and tax crimes or facilitate their commission; persons planning or preparing to commit economic crimes; persons in respect of whom the National Police controls their behavior in cases provided by law; persons with persistent illegal behavior and who have previously been prosecuted for economic crimes; persons who are prosecuted for the commission of these crimes, as well as suspects or accused of committing economic crimes, if the criminal proceedings are terminated due to non-rehabilitative circumstances, as well as persons in respect of whom criminal proceedings were refused on the same grounds. The modern concept of combating economic and organized crime should be based on a strictly developed methodology for comprehensive analysis of certain features as a result of criminal analysis of a large amount of data obtained from various sources, including integrated information retrieval systems of the National Police of Ukraine.
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Felson, Richard B., D. Wayne Osgood, Patrick R. Cundiff, and Craig Wiernik. "Life in the Fast Lane: Drugs, Hedonistic Lifestyles, and Economic Crime." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 9 (September 27, 2018): 1292–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718800282.
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We examine whether economic crimes are committed to fund drug addiction and/or to fund a hedonistic lifestyle. To address motivation, we estimate reciprocal relationships between economic crime and drug use and between economic crime and hedonistic activity generally. Analyses are based on event calendar data collected from 715 male offenders. Both simultaneous (within-month) relationships and effects involving a 1-month lag are examined. Offenders were more likely to engage in property crime and drug dealing during months in which they used hard drugs, marijuana, and alcohol, and when they engaged in more frequent unstructured socializing. The results from lagged models suggested that hedonistic activities lead to economic crime and economic crime creates opportunities for more frequent hedonistic activity.
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Ahmad, Naseer, and Mirza Adnan Asim. "Major Socio-Economic Factors Responsible for Crimes." STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/scir.v2i2.15.
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Crime in Pakistan has been increasing day by day with the passage of time. This research discussed two particularly influential approaches to the explanation of the role of Socio-Economic factors that are responsible for crimes. One of these approaches emphasizes social orientations and the other economic deprivation. Certain groups allegedly endorse values that are supportive of criminal behavior. In this study Quantitative research method is used and universe of this study is district jail Sargodha. Data is collected through questionnaire and 110 respondents included in this study which is selected after applying simple random sampling technique and through SPSS (statistical packages for social sciences) data analysis is comprises. Even though statistical significance is often difficult and problematic but this technique is used to logically and scientifically approve the factors including social and economic which create a sense of disturbance and responsible for creating the rebellion traits in that individual. These result shows crimes have directed attention to poverty, injustice, unemployment, lawlessness, anomic situation, general economic inequality, and inequality. So socio-economic factors often present and held responsible behind every criminal act that is done by a human. Now as the result the people chose the path of crime that satisfied and pulled out him from the tense situation temporarily but they have to pay the consequences of their criminal actions in the form of a few year prison in corresponding to a small type of crime and sometimes its declared as a lifetime time prison and death penalty according to the severity and intensity of crime.
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Tsurikov, A., and V. Tsurikov. "The Economic Approach to the Analysis of Acquisitive Crimes." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2007): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-1-45-54.
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The article analyzes the efficiency of various forms of punishment for acquisitive crimes in the light of the economic theory of crime proposed by G. S. Becker. The authors consider Russian legislation in this context and argue for the preference of the fine sanctions over the imprisonment.
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Hilyuta, V. V. "Economic Crime or Offence: Search for Criteria of Distinction." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18390.
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Research objective is search of effective criteria of differentiation of crimes and offenses. In article features of maintenance of essential elements of offense and offense are revealed. Special attention is paid to a concept public danger and to its substantial signs. Features of manifestation of public danger in subject to encroachment, a way of commission of crime (offense), the caused damage, fault and the sanction of precept of law are considered.By the author it is noted that the public danger can’t be effective and reliable criterion of differentiation of administrative offense and crime. On the example of the bans which are contained in the Criminal code of Russia ( further - СС) and the Code about administrative offenses of Russia ( further the Administrative Code) has shown efficiency of degree and the nature of public danger of the acts made in the sphere of economic activity. It is noted that now the side between economic crimes and offenses is almost not audible. The author makes a hypothesis that neither substantial characteristics of public danger, nor character and degree of public danger are able to predetermine qualitative characteristics of the made act and on this basis to carry out clear split of crimes and offenses (administrative offenses). Search of criterion of differentiation of crime and offense doesn’t come down only to material structure - public danger. Doctrinal approach to permission of the real problem indicates that facet distinctions are not in the field of substantive law, and beyond his limits and can be explained with the only contents of the legal policy pursued in the state. Scope: law, law-enforcement practice, law-making, lawmaking.
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Swanepoel, Andries P., and Jacolize Meiring. "Adequacy of law enforcement and prosecution of economic crimes in South Africa." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 450–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-12-2016-0081.
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Purpose Economic crime is a serious challenge to business leaders, government officials and private individuals in South Africa. Given the important role of law enforcement, prosecution and sentencing in deterring economic crimes, the purpose of this paper is to determine if law enforcement, prosecution and sentencing practices are deemed to be adequate in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach Primary data from Web-based and manual questionnaires were used to empirically analyse the perceptions of sentenced economic crime offenders and role-players regarding the statement that law enforcement and prosecution practices of economic crimes relating to fraud, corruption or tax evasion in South Africa are not adequate. The final realised sample included a total of 345 from the various populations of key role-players and a total of 82 economic crime offenders from a Gauteng-based correctional institution. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test for significant differences between the views of role-players and economic crime offenders. Findings The majority of both groups of respondents is of the opinion that law enforcement, prosecution and sentencing practices in South Africa are not adequate with regard to economic crime offences, although statistically significant differences exist in the degree of agreement. The challenge is therefore to prosecute more economic crime offenders by improving law enforcement, prosecution and sentencing practices. The study also revealed that people have a reluctance to speak out about fraud, corruption or tax evasion or to report such offences for various reasons. Originality/value The research assisted in identifying the challenges economic crime presents and the shortcomings in current law enforcement, prosecution and sentencing practices in South Africa.
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Stamatel, Janet P. "The influence of political and economic changes on macro-level property crime variation: The case of post-communist Central and Eastern Europe." Criminology & Criminal Justice 17, no. 5 (December 28, 2016): 526–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895816683990.
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The goal of this article was to assess the extent to which major changes in the political and economic systems of Central and Eastern European countries after the fall of communism contributed to variations in property crime rates, controlling for other structural predictors. Data for 17 countries from 1990–2003 were collected for three types of property crimes: total theft; motor vehicle theft; and domestic burglary. Traditional predictors derived from modernization and routine activities theories produced inconsistent results, but political and economic changes due to the post-communist transformations were significant predictors of property crime variation. Economic changes toward liberalization, marketization, and privatization were strongly, positively related to higher property crime rates across all three types. Political changes toward democratization were only positively related to higher domestic burglary rates. The control variables were weak and inconsistent predictors of all three property crimes. The article discusses some of the implications of these findings for updating macro-level crime theories.
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Maharani, Septiana Dwiputri. "MANUSIA SEBAGAI HOMO ECONOMICUS: REFLEKSI ATAS KASUS-KASUS KEJAHATAN DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Filsafat 26, no. 1 (August 14, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jf.12624.
Full textAbstract:
This research showed that First, ideally every man should act in a dual functions as individual beings as well as a social being. These dual functions of the real foundation for the building harmony in the life of a society. If lameness, especially the tendency of individuals includes positions as individual beings then building a life together can be as depicted in homo homini lupus, but building a harmonious society should be supported by common life, need, and give each other. Secondly, crimes in Indonesia are the fact how life in Indonesia has been overshadowed by very prominent self-interests. Personal interests which dominated by economic factors become a major influence in the crime trend. Indonesian human tendency their societies emphasize some aspects, but it turns out it's a proven fact that trend has begun to fade, although not all Indonesian people commit crimes. At least, homo economicus could be a tool to test the reality of Indonesian life. Third, Homo economicus is fully understood in an act that contradicts the notion homos socius. Homo economicus if not controlled will lead humanity in a situation of "war" as a Homo Homini Lupus.