Dissertations / Theses: 'Economics and law in scientific policy'

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Staudt, Joseph M. "Economics of Science: Labor Markets, Journal Markets, and Policy." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460104223.

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Hackett, Petal Jean. "Essays on intellectual property rights policy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7934.

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This dissertation will take a theoretical approach to analyzing certain challenges in the design of intellectual property rights (`IPR') policy. The first essay looks the advisability of introducing IPR into a market which is currently only very lightly protected - the US fashion industry. The proposed Innovative Design Protection and Piracy Prevention Act is intended to introduce EU standards into the US. Using a sequential, 2-firm, vertical differentiation framework, I analyze the effects of protection on investment in innovative designs by high-quality (`designer') and lower-quality (`mass-market') firms when the mass-marketer may opt to imitate, consumers prefer trendsetting designs and firms compete in prices. I show that design protection, by transforming mass-marketers from imitators to innovators, may reduce both designer pro ts and welfare. The model provides possible explanations for the dearth of EU case law and the increase in designer/mass-marketer collaborations. The second essay contributes to the literature on patent design and fee shifting, contrasting the effects of the American (or `each party pays') rule and English (or `losing party pays') rule of legal cost allocation on optimal patent breadth when innovation is sequential and firms are differentiated duopolists. I show that if litigation spending is endogenous, the American rule may induce broader patents and a higher probability of infringement than the English rule if R&D costs are sufficiently low. If, however, R&D costs are moderate, the ranking is reversed and it is the English rule that leads to broader patents. Neither rule supports lower patent breadth than the other over the entire parameter space. As such, any attempts to reform the US patent system by narrowing patents must carefully weigh the impact on firms' legal spending decisions if policymakers do not wish to adversely affect investment incentives. The third and final essay analyzes the effects of corporate structure on licensing behaviour. Policymakers and legal scholars are concerned about the potential for an Anticommons, an underuse of early stage research tools to produce complex final products, typically arising from either blocking or stacking. I use a simple, one-period differentiated duopoly model to show that if patentees have flexibility in corporate structure, Anticommons problems are greatly reduced. The model suggests that if the patentee owns the single (or single set) of essential IPR and goods are of symmetric quality, Anticommons issues may be entirely eliminated, as the patentee will always license, simply shifting its corporate structure depending on the identity of the downstream competitor. If the rival produces a more valuable good, Anticommons problems are reduced. Further, if the patentee holds 1 of 2 essential patents, the ability to shift its corporate structure may reduce total licensing costs to rival firms. However the analysis offers a cautionary note: while spin-offs by the patentee help to sustain downstream competition, they may restrict market output, and therefore welfare. Thus the inefficiency in the patent system may be in the opposite direction than is currently thought - there may be too much technology transfer, rather than too little.

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Amos, Jude Thaddeus. "The role and design of competition law and policy in developing countries : issues and problems." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22688.

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The economic reforms under way in most developing countries are directed towards the establishment of an open market economy. These efforts have been initiated in the belief that it is within such an environment that resources could be best utilised in furtherance of economic development. Increasing attention is being directed towards competition law and policy as an essential tool for the attainment of this objective. However, the role and design of competition law and policy ought to reflect the peculiar economic, political and social conditions prevalent in developing countries. Thus, one cannot expect that models of competition suited to developed market economies are applicable ipso facto to developing ones. This thesis identifies some of the peculiarities of the developing country environment, including the nature of domestic markets, and the confluence of political and economic power, and suggests the manner in which these may have to influence competition law and policy in such countries.

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Fawcett, Jay Palmer. "Bitcoin regulations and investigations| A proposal for U.S. policies." Thesis, Utica College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10244196.

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Bitcoins were conceptualized in 2008, which revolutionized the digital transfers of value within payment systems (Nakamoto, 2008). The advent of digital currencies revealed problems concerning anonymity embedded in bitcoins, consequently raising money laundering concerns. Regulators and law enforcement agencies struggle with addressing the money laundering issues inherent with bitcoin and digital currencies (Ajello, 2025). In response to these threats, agencies have issued various opinions regarding defining digital currencies within a financial framework. Regulator opinions concerning the applicability of bitcoins existing as currency, property, a commodity and commodity money contradict each other. Moreover; prosecutorial agencies attempt to fit digital currency exchangers under the regulations pertinent to money service businesses (MSB) (Mandjee, 2015; Sonderegger, 2015). This project provided an analysis of scholarly material, government publications, case law, and current trade information to examine a solution to the problem of money laundering through digital currency. This project revealed a need for a clear definition of bitcoin and digital currency within the context of U.S. laws and regulation to assist with investigations concerning illicit uses of digital currency. Furthermore, a need exists for new U.S. legislation specific to digital currency, which addresses money laundering and terrorist finance risks. Research revealed that digital currency regulations should mirror MSB regulations to curb peer-to-peer digital currency exchanges (Kirby, 2014). Additionally, FinCENs purview with financial crimes provides a unique position to assist law enforcement with digital currency investigations (FinCEN, 2014). A need exists for FinCEN to develop a blockchain analysis tool for law enforcement agencies and to assist with complex digital currency investigations (DHS, 2014). Keywords: Economic Crime Management, Financial Crime and Compliance Management, Paul Pantiani, virtual currency, cryptocurrency.

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Tennakoon, Kadupitige Upalinie Ajitha. "General equilibrium analysis of Sri Lanka's trade liberalization policy options." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3120046.

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Sri Lanka's trade regime has been gradually liberalized over the last two decades with the aim of deeper integration into the global economy. The purpose of this study is to present a quantitative assessment of the impacts of major unilateral, regional and multilateral trade liberalization on Sri Lanka, and rank the trade policy options in terms of their welfare effects. This study contributes to the empirical literature on trade liberalization. The Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model is used to analyze the welfare effects of trade liberalization in a multi-country, multi-sector general equilibrium framework. The results show that if Sri Lanka implements the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA), while maintaining 15 percent external tariffs for the rest of the world, this combined policy would provide the highest welfare gain to Sri Lanka. The SAFTA by its own would provide the second-highest ranked gain from the trade reforms due to the benefits of preferential access to the large SAARC market. The third-highest ranked policy option comes under the unilateral reduction of import tariffs to 15 percent scenario. As results indicate, the Indo-Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ILFTA) offers the fourth-highest policy option for Sri Lanka. Finally, the phasing-out of MFA on Textiles and Clothing under the Uruguay Round Agreement, rank as the fifth-highest policy option for Sri Lanka. Thus, regional trade liberalization is far more preferable to unilateral and multilateral liberalization. However, as the GTAP model permits, these rankings based on only to the static welfare gains, ignoring the dynamic effect of trade liberalization. In addition, the gravity model has been employed to examine the determinants of Sri Lanka's bilateral trade flows with her selected trading partners, in order to sort out the influence of geographical proximity versus preferential trading policies in creating a regional concentration in trade. Our results confirm the validity of geographical factors such as proximity and cultural familiarity, as determinants of Sri Lanka's trade with neighbouring countries. They suggest that the selected trading partners are “natural trading partners” of Sri Lanka. Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.

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Woerdman, Edwin. "Implementing the Kyoto mechanisms political barriers and path dependence /." [Groningen]: [Edwin Woerdman], 2002. http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/FILES/faculties/jur/2002/e.woerdman/thesis.pdf.

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Wan, Ahmad Wan Marhaini. "Zakat investment in Malaysia : a study of contemporary policy and practice in relation to Shari'a." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7550.

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Zakat is an obligatory payment that a free and rational Muslim who owns a certain amount of wealth has to observe. The idea of zakat investment was initiated by the belief that providing the poor and needy with a non-substantial amount of fund that is mostly used to pay for their consumption is not enough to tackle poverty. Collection of zakat itself also has been shown insufficient even to provide them with a subsistence level of income. Muslim scholars suggest a long-term measure involving the investment of zakat that not only supplement the poor with a stream of income that is more consistent and continuous, equip them with the opportunity for equity participation or provide them with projects that help improve their livelihood but also provide a source of revenue to fund overall Muslim economic development. However, Muslim scholars found that investment of zakat may make the payment legally vulnerable from the Shari>ca (Islamic law) point of view. Thus, many fatwa>s and views have been expressed by the Muslim scholars as guidelines to ensure that the investment activities conform to Shari>ca. This study examines contemporary policy and practice in the management of zakat investment in Malaysia, particularly at two zakat institutions: Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan and Lembaga Zakat Selangor. These two institutions are selected because they are the most vibrant zakat institutions in the country in terms of zakat revenue and they also are the most active in investing zakat. Given the many background complaints about the institutions’ inefficiencies in managing zakat particularly the large amount of undistributed zakat, it is thus pertinent to analyze the compliancy of these investment activities with the principles and purposes of zakat. The study finds that these institutions accordingly have moulded their investment activities not only to observe the principles of zakat but also according to the modern changes in the administration of zakat in the country as well as to cater for the recipients’ current needs. The study also finds that various policies have been set up to guide the management of these investment activities. Still, there remain numerous possibilities for improving these further.

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Scott, Christopher Thomas. "Advantage, access, and anticipation : the impact of policy, ethics, law, and economics on stem cell research." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44700.

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This program of work examines the effects of policy, ethics, and economics on the emerging field of stem cell research. The research seeks to understand how these factors influence the actions of stem cell scientists working in the United States and other jurisdictions, and collectively, these how these actions change the trajectory of a new biomedical field. In this work, I ask three fundamental questions: 1) In the United States, what are the political, social, and historical contexts that affect the deliberations of stem cell scientists? 2) How do stem cell scientists and other stakeholders describe their social worlds and their decisions as they grapple with policy, ethics, law, and economics in a rapidly evolving and controversial area of bioscience? And, 3) How do these individual and collective actions change the trajectory of stem cell research and experimental treatments for disability and disease? An approach using mixed methods is used to qualitatively and quantitatively examine these questions in four studies. Results of the first study describe the history of stem cell research in the United States, showing how the field is defined through its ethical, social, scientific and political discourse. The second, quantitative, project probes how embryonic stem cell scientists obtain and use essential research tools to do their work, and how policy can impact international trends in productivity. How stakeholders such as patients, scientists, and government officials communicate the results of stem cell research through the popular media forms the basis of the third quantitative effort. The final study is devoted to an in-depth ethical analysis of the world's first clinical trial using human embryonic stem cells. Overall, the results from this research provide new evidence that policy makers, patients, scientists, and stakeholders can use for navigating what is arguably called science's most promising frontier.

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Wapner, Jonathan Guy. "Designing the proper function, form and scope of the experimental use mechanism under patent law." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13828.

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How should the experimental use mechanism be designed in order to maintain the proper balance between the rights of patent holders and the rights retained by the public? The work explores various approaches towards the experimental use exemption in influential regions, such as US UK Germany Japan as well as in international treaties. In each of these systems some degree of vulnerability is found. Either exemption is too narrow or too broad and lacking a dynamic dimension. Therefore, the work sets out to design a dynamic and multi-step experimental use mechanism. The work proposes to view the experimental use mechanism as a right provided to the public and in turn as a duty imposed on the patent holder to suggest path/s of exploration with regard to the patented invention. This approach significantly strengthens the experimental use mechanism as it becomes part of the bundle of requirements that an inventor needs to comply with in order to obtain a patent grant. The scope of the experimental use mechanism will be determined by a three step process. In the first stage the positions and interests of the inventor, invention and researcher will be taken into account in order to determine the incentives needed to cause inventors to stay within the patent system and at the same time prevent researches from migrating to other regions. In the second stage the scope of the experimental use mechanism will be impacted by the determination whether either party adopted anticompetitive behavior. The final step will inquire whether the invention or the research is geared at improving public health. In these instances there will be a tendency to increase the scope of the experimental use mechanism due to the internationally recognized right to health and its global importance. The work incorporates concepts from different legal fields such as competition law and health policy as well as from other disciplines including economics and psychology The three step process has the potential of designing a dynamic and robust experimental use mechanism which may prove to be useful in other patent settings such as the holdup problem or blocking patents. Incorporating a flexible experimental use mechanism may diminish the attempts of patent holders to act opportunistically and curtail the rights of the public. Thus, the work contributes to the current state of the experimental use debate and towards achieving the proper balance between the rights of the patent holder and the rights of the public.

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Kastern, Amanda A. "Loan Awarding Practices and Student Demographic Variables as Predictors of Law Student Borrowing." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3680714.

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Abstract of Dissertation Loan Awarding Practices and Student Demographic Variables as Predictors of Law Student Borrowing This study examined the effect of institutional loan awarding practices and student demographic characteristics on law student borrowing, in order to contribute to our understanding of student borrowing decisions. Behavioral economic concepts like framing and status quo bias suggest that decisions about borrowing may not be made using a rational cost-benefit analysis alone, as traditional economic theory suggests, but may also be influenced by the loan amount that an institution initially awards a student. The amount initially awarded represents the status quo, which, for a variety of possible reasons, the student may be inclined to accept, even if he is eligible to borrow more. Using three years of student borrowing data from a law school, multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of initial loan amount offered and 15 additional independent variables on loan amount borrowed. The law school data provided a unique opportunity to study student loan borrowing decisions because the institution followed two different loan awarding practices in the three academic years for which data was obtained. This provided a quasi-experimental environment in which to study the effect of initial loan amount awarded on loan amount borrowed. Altogether, the model explained nearly half of the variance in loan amount borrowed and initial loan amount offered explained 5.4 percent of the variance in loan amount borrowed holding all other variables in the model constant. In addition to initial loan amount offered, the following variables were also found to be statistically significant predictors of loan amount borrowed: Asian race, age, being married, Expected Family Contribution, cost of attendance, class level, student status, total credits, and total non-loan aid. It was also found that there was no statistically significant difference in the relation between initial loan amount offered and loan amount borrowed in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, under the old awarding practice, as compared with 2010-2011, when a new awarding practice was in place. This suggests that students responded similarly to the initial loan amount offered, or the status quo amount, under both the old and new awarding practices.

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Eiser, David. "Regional economics and constitutional change in the UK." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26053.

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The UK, traditionally one of the more fiscally centralised of OECD countries, is currently in the midst of an extensive programme of tax decentralisation. This is most evident in Scotland. Ten years ago the Scottish Government was almost wholly reliant on a block grant from the UK Government to fund its spending, and debate was focussed on how the determination of this grant should be reformed. Today the Scottish Government has far greater fiscal autonomy. Income tax was almost fully devolved to the Scottish Parliament in April 2017, and around half of VAT revenues will be assigned to Scotland by 2020. As a result, the devolved Scottish budget will in future be linked much more closely to Scotland’s economy, and Scottish politicians will be able to deviate from UK policy on the setting of income tax and various smaller taxes. The objective of this PhD is to examine the economic and political motivations for and implications of greater fiscal decentralisation, with a particular focus on the Scottish case. Its key over-arching questions include: • Which fiscal powers are more and less suitable for decentralisation, and what might constraints might a devolved government face in exercising devolved tax powers? • To what extent are the objectives of fiscal decentralisation compatible with the goal of inter-regional equity in public good provision? • To what extent is fiscal decentralisation likely to enhance the incentives faced by politicians in a devolved parliament to pursue particular types of policy? And to what extent does the answer to this question depend upon the way in which supporting fiscal institutions, notably including the design of block grant arrangements, influence this? • What factors determine regional economic performance, and to what extent can devolved governments be held accountable for (or face the budgetary consequences of) those trends? • To what extent might fiscal decentralisation assuage or accentuate demands for Scottish independence? This PhD consists of four academic papers covering aspects of regional economics and constitutional change in the UK, with a particular focus on Scotland. Each of the four papers is preceded by an abstract. An introductory chapter provides theoretical and policy context within which the four papers are situated. A concluding section to the PhD is provided in Chapter 6. The four papers cover the following topics: • Paper 1 (Chapter 2) was published in the immediate aftermath of the Scottish independence referendum of 2014, and considers the issues and constraints involved in devolving further fiscal powers to the Scottish Parliament. • Paper 2 (Chapter 3) considers the scope for replacing the Barnett Formula (used to allocate funding to the Scottish Government) with a form of spending-needs assessment, based on a comparative analysis of formulae used within England and Scotland to allocate health funding to territorial health boards. • Paper 3 (Chapter 4) examines how regional labour markets in the UK responded to the 2008/9 recession and its aftermath, and considers which factors may have influenced regional resilience to the recession. • Paper 4 (Chapter 5) examines the factors that determine differential growth in regional income tax revenues, and considers the extent to which it is reasonable to hold devolved governments wholly to account for differential economic performance. • Chapter 6 concludes.

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Marquez, Carlos Pablo. "Abusive pricing policy for emerging economies : the case of excessive pricing and price predation in Latin America." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b7ac6524-5971-4181-a847-fe2f7035c395.

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For several years, the literature has discussed whether a country’s particular economic circumstances should be taken into account in competition law and policy design. This thesis discusses whether economic growth should be considered as the guiding principle for Latin American Emerging Economies’ competition law and policy design. It specifically explains why having economic growth as competition policy’s guiding principle makes a difference in choosing superior rules and standards, among the large range of efficient rules. In order to explain how economic growth as a guiding principle has an impact on competition policy design, this thesis studies whether the analysis and application of the prohibitions and standards of abuse of dominance in emerging Latin American economies are appropriate, and why, having regard to economic growth, a different approach might be justified. To engage in the study of such questions this thesis centres on the regulation of dominance and the law governing abuse of dominance, in particular on predatory pricing and excessive pricing. After a careful analysis of such institutions, an optimal rule for the regulation of pricing abuses in these emerging economies is proposed. Similarly, having regard to economic growth as the policy’s guiding principle, the mainstream standards on excessive pricing and price predation are evaluated and a different approach is found to be justified. It is concluded that economic growth should be the principle guiding Latin American emerging economies’ competition law and policy design and it is demonstrated that this will grant these economies policy soundness and identity.

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Lisle, Lily. "Currency Sovereignty in the Future: Cryptocurrency Policy in the US and China." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1110.

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Why are the US and China regulating cryptocurrency? This paper first uses linear regression to model the relationship between the US dollar and Bitcoin, and separately, the Chinese Renminbi and Bitcoin. Next, legal text is analyzed to make the comparative case for the United States' and China's legal responses to new advances in cryptocurrency, and how it shows threats to the traditional definition and control of currency.

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Dorsey, Lauren. "Adapting to the Changing Tide: An Evaluation of California’s Drought Policies and Future Mitigation Strategies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1898.

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California endured an extreme and prolonged drought from 2012 until the winter of 2017, offering a fascinating yet tragic example of how drought impacts lives. Despite this recent and stark phenomenon, there is surprisingly little information about its effects and implications. This thesis aims to lessen this knowledge gap by asking how severe the drought was, how well the state responded, and what policies would increase California’s water security. It answers these questions by exploring the Golden State’s long and complicated water management history, which is necessary to understand the current drought policy framework; then, it collects the emerging literature concerning the drought’s multifaceted effects into one of the first state-wide meta-analyses. With this perspective, it becomes clear that the most severe drought vulnerability is in the agricultural sector—alone costing Californians billions of dollars—but spreads into a host of other economic and ecological effects. Australia provides an apt comparison and some potential lessons, including agricultural water efficiency, market solutions, a more consistent drought culture, and innovative water supply solutions. In addition to offering some infrastructure and public education solutions, Australia’s example hints that the California state government may need to assume a heightened enforcement and information-gathering role in order to more efficiently manage scarce water resources. Nonetheless, as the State emerges from drought and looks to an uncertain future—where the next drought may already be upon us—the extent to which California proactively adopts drought strategies will not only affect millions of lives and billions of dollars, but must be at the forefront of ethical, forward-looking, and cost-minimizing resource management.

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Gamsachurdia, Giwi. "Steuerverteilung und Finanzausgleich." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1878/.

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This paper analyzes fundamental shortcomings in the Georgian legal bases in both the constitution and the tax code with regard to a sustainable fiscal policy. It shows that the lack of experience with sharing political powers and competences among the administrative levels create centralizing tendencies, which are in sharp contrast to more recent laws on local selfgovernment. Having set the legal background of today’s administrative structure in Georgia, the paper continues to describe the country’s budget composition in terms of tax revenues and expenses since the year 2000. Following a brief discussion of the Georgian systems of transfers to subordinate administrative entities the paper concludes by naming essential reform steps that need to be taken towards the development of a functioning fiscal policy on all levels.

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Fernández, Salas José Carlos. "Macroeconomics Analysis of Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122436.

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This article analyzes the relationship that Law may have with the ield of macroeconomics, under the premise that Law and Economics has traditionally focused on the relationship between Law and microeconomics. For this purpose, the author makes a summary of the differences between the both ields of economics, and a summary of the tools Law and Economics has collected from them. It is described how the academic coming together between Law and macroeconomics has been driven by the global economic crisis that began in 2008. It is then described how the study and interpretation of legal institutions can consider their macroeconomic context. El presente artículo realiza un análisis de la relación que puede tener el Derecho con la macroeconomía, bajo la premisa de que el Análisis Económico del Derecho tradicionalmente se ha centrado en la relación entre el Derecho y la microeconomía. Para este propósito el autor hace una síntesis de las diferencias entre ambos campos de la economía, y las herramientas que de ellos ha recogido el Análisis Económico del Derecho que conocemos. Se describe de qué forma el acercamiento académico entre el Derecho y la macroeconomía ha sido impulsado por la crisis económica mundial que comenzó el año 2008 y se explora la manera en que el estudio y la interpretación de las instituciones jurídicas puede tomar en cuenta el contexto macroeconómico en que éstas se desenvuelven.

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Lan, Chih-Ching Verfasser], and Michael G. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Faure. "A Law and Economics Analysis of Policy Instruments to Prevent Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Tropics / Chih-Ching Lan ; Betreuer: Michael Faure." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-98063.

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Lan, Chih-Ching [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Faure. "A Law and Economics Analysis of Policy Instruments to Prevent Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Tropics / Chih-Ching Lan ; Betreuer: Michael Faure." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118931973X/34.

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Tzegaegbe, Jacob. "Moving America forward: lessons from the Eisenhower Interstate System applied to a National Infrastructure Bank." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47685.

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The objective of this thesis is to outline steps that the Obama Administration could take to help pass legislation for an innovative funding mechanism known as a National Infrastructure Bank (NIB). The recommended steps are based on a historical analysis of the leadership provided by Presidents Roosevelt and Eisenhower when passing the original bills that authorized the Interstate system. Key policy recommendations include: framing the need for an NIB as a means of economic growth and natural disaster resilience, building strategic stakeholder support through education, and engaging and compromising with Congress while developing the NIB proposal. If successfully applied, these lessons can contribute to enabling the creation of an NIB that would increase infrastructure investment by billions of dollars while rehabilitating the struggling economy and transportation network.

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Colton, Katie L. "The Sue-and-Settle Phenomenon: Its Impact on the Law, Agency, and Society." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7412.

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Sue-and-settle is the name applied to a federal agency’s use of litigation to create policy outside of the normal regulatory process. This paper discusses the impact that the sue-and-settle policy has had on Congress, the judiciary, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Specifically, this paper will discuss the issues caused by the perception of collusion within the sue-and-settle policy. First, this paper examines whether a relationship occurs between the litigants. The paper then discusses whether the relationship between the litigants in sue-and-settle cases tends to be collusive or not. The second part of the paper examines how Congress, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the judiciary are viewed because of the continued perception of collusion in the agency’s settlements. Overall, this paper finds that, the impacts of the sue-and-settle policy, and the perception of collusion, has affected Congress, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the judiciary by increasing regulation, distorting the purpose of the courts, and resulting in a lost value for the regulatory process.

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Okajima, Shigeharu. "Essays on the effect of environmental policies in Japan." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337263028.

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Zelinger, Camille J. "Empowered or Impaired? The California Parent Empowerment Act vs. Palm Lane Elementary." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1798.

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In 2010, California passed the California Parent Empowerment Act allowing parents to become directly involved and take a stand against their children’s underperforming public schools. This thesis is an ethnographic case study of the motivation of Anaheim’s Hermosa Village Parents to trigger the transformation of their underperforming public school, Palm Lane Elementary, into a public issued charter school. It will be one of the first publications to capture the individualized stories of Anaheim Elementary School Parents, their motivations, experiences and trials in their fight against the Anaheim Elementary School District in order to obtain high-quality education for their children. This thesis paper will present the complexities of the conflict by discussing the following: a brief history of charter schools, the evolution and legality of the California Parent Empowerment Act, and the development of conflicting interests between Palm Lane Elementary Parents and the Anaheim Elementary School District. Lastly, it will expose the conflict’s current status and larger political implications.

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Steiner, Elise. "European Union’s Gender-explicit PROVISIONS IN free-trade agreements and gender equality : An intersectional feminist approach to international law." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177319.

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The European Commission unveiled in February 2021 its updated policy regarding international trade. One of the key pillars of this strategy is the inclusion of gender equality within the EU trade policies. This inclusion is in line with the Gender Equality Strategy for 2020-2025. The latter sets that the Union must promote gender equality and women’s empowerment within its external relationship, notably in its free-trade agreements, which are international agreements aiming at reducing trade barriers and facilitating exchanges. This thesis provides an insight into the gender-explicit provisions that exist within European Union’s free trade agreements since 1958. It uses computational science coupled with text analysis to explore the general context in which they were concluded, but as well explores their wordings and their content. It provides then an analysis of the gender responsiveness of these gender-explicit provisions. Finally, this thesis provides recommendations on how to improve EU free trade agreements’ gender responsiveness.

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Zou, Mimi. "The legal construction of migrant work relations : precarious status, hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4169b543-2a30-434c-a512-ada39d509a10.

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This thesis is concerned with the ways in which the laws and policies governing labour migration shape the relationship between migrant workers, employers, and labour markets in advanced industrialised countries. Specifically, it elucidates the intersections of immigration and labour market regulatory norms, structures, and processes that have salient implications for migrants’ work relations. The notions of ‘hyper-dependence’ and ‘hyper-precarity’ are developed as the main analytical and normative lenses in this thesis for examining the particular vulnerabilities associated with migrants’ precarious statuses under contemporary labour migration regimes. Hyper-dependence refers to an acute dependence that transcends the immediate context of an employment relationship, where other aspects of a worker’s life critically depend on that employer. For migrant workers, hyper-dependence may arise where their legal statuses is tethered to a specific employer sponsorship, accompanied by other de jure and de facto restrictions on their labour mobility. Hyper-precarity seeks to capture the multifaceted insecurities and uncertainties in migrants’ work relations and their broader migration projects, which are linked to their exclusion, in law and in practice, from a wide array of social, economic, and civil rights in the host state. Engaging with the various and often competing goals and concerns of immigration law and labour law, the two concepts of hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity are developed and applied through an in-depth comparative analysis of the legal and regulatory architectures of two contemporary temporary migrant workers’ programmes (TMWPs): Australia’s Temporary Work (Skilled) Subclass 457 Visa (‘457 visa’) scheme and the United Kingdom’s Tier 2 (General) visa scheme. In recent years, TMWPs in advanced industrialised countries have been touted by global and national policymakers as a desirable labour migration instrument that delivers ‘triple wins’ for host states, home states, and migrants and their families. I situate the normative concerns of the legally constructed hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity in the ethical debates on TMWPs in liberal states. I also consider how the worst extremes of the two ‘hyper’ conditions combined in highly exploitative work relations could be ameliorated, and in doing so propose some ideas for reforming key features of current TMWPs to enable migrants to exit any employment relationship and to resort to a range of voice mechanisms in the workplace.

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Mao, Jessica J. "California's War Over the Bay-Delta: Historic Failures and Current Battles." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/482.

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California has one highly-coveted possession: the Bay-Delta, which is the second largest estuary in the United States. Today, tensions are higher than ever as Southern California continues to grow and demand water from the Delta, agriculture suffers from drought and less-than-promised water allocations, and aquatic life diminishes due to environmentally damaging processes like pumping and exporting of water elsewhere. This paper will examine the historic policies that have shaped how the Delta has been managed, their successes and failures, and current plans in discussion for continuing improvement of the Delta. The Bay-Delta Conservation Plan and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley Water Reliability Act (HR 1837) are the specific current plans presented and analyzed for potential effectiveness. Despite some of the promising suggestions in HR 1837 and the Bay-Delta Conservation Plan, the Delta will remain a problem in the 21st century until stakeholders from all perspectives compromise enough to enact a single, clear-cut solution.

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Potschka, Christian. "Towards a market in broadcasting : a comparative analysis of British and German communications policy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6324.

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Political structures and the evolution of late capitalism in liberal Western democracies lend a common frame to the development of national media systems. However, whereas media policy from the post-war period to the mid-1980s was largely driven by socio-political concerns and coextensive with policy for public service television, this model has been vehemently challenged. Key factors were the convergence of erstwhile-separated industries and infrastructures, as well as the ambitions of the corporate sector and governments alike, to benefit from the economic opportunities offered by the communications revolution. By assessing the changing relationship between the role of the state, economic structures and technological innovation, this research investigates these processes in the UK and Germany. Both countries have the two key public service systems but also feature striking differences such as the antithetic political systems and democratic processes (majoritarian vs. consensus democracy). The basic assumption suggests that a genuine understanding of contemporary developments is only possible if political/economic as well as historic/sociological perspectives are incorporated into the holistic approach applied. Thereby this study gives consideration to key processes and events which have determined transitions between communications policy paradigms and regulatory regimes. Given the Anglo-Saxon tradition of regulating, key processes and events in the UK are often indicated by the appointment and report of a committee of enquiry. For the purpose of this study the most crucial of these is the Committee on Financing the BBC (1986), which first applied market-driven politics onto British broadcasting, and whose recommendations still serve as a blueprint for current communications policy-making. In Germany the KtK Report (1974) formed the basis for decisive reforms in broadcasting and communications. Apart from that, however, Germany features the characteristic of administering state interventions in as detailed a manner as possible through legislation. Of central importance are, therefore, the rulings of the Federal Constitutional Court, which continuously set decisive parameters for the development of the broadcasting system. The thesis follows two driving themes which have been identified as crucial in terms of the comparative dimension and are elaborated continuously in more detail. First, the focus is on the interdependencies between public and private sector. Second, implications and responses of the central vis-à-vis federal characteristic of state formation are investigated. In doing so, the thesis draws on vast sources of archival documents as well as exclusive material from a series of elite interviews with a purposively-selected sample of very high-level sources, including Chairmen, Director-Generals, ministers, very senior civil servants and so on. The thesis demonstrates how communications policy-making is carried out in both countries and how these processes are determined by national regulatory frameworks which are rooted within the borders of the nation state. As such the research findings have broader implications for commercial and public sector regulation.

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Barone, Anthony J. "State Level Earned Income Tax Credit’s Effects on Race and Age: An Effective Poverty Reduction Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/771.

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In this paper, I analyze the effectiveness of state level Earned Income Tax Credit programs on improving of poverty levels. I conducted this analysis for the years 1991 through 2011 using a panel data model with fixed effects. The main independent variables of interest were the state and federal EITC rates, minimum wage, gross state product, population, and unemployment all by state. I determined increases to the state EITC rates provided only a slight decrease to both the overall white below-poverty population and the corresponding white childhood population under 18, while both the overall and the under-18 black population for this category realized moderate decreases in their poverty rates for the same time period. I also provide a comparison of the effectiveness of the state level EITCs and minimum wage at the state level over the same time period on these select demographic groups.

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Pesavento, Matthew Todd. "THE IMPACT OF DIRECT TO CONSUMER SHIPPING LAWS ON THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF WINERIES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1564415779784843.

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Fearon, Kyle. "Formal Institutions in Irish Planning: Europeanization Before and after the Celtic Tiger." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13024.

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Many economies throughout the world were devastated by the global financial crisis of 2007-2008. Ireland in particular experienced a severe collapse in its housing market. Despite the progression of European-influenced planning policy that was meant to promote balanced regional development in Ireland, the country's housing market vastly overbuilt, exacerbating a housing market crash that ended the Celtic Tiger era. Drawing on Europeanization and historical institutionalism as theoretical frameworks, this thesis argues that the link between these EU-influenced policy principles and local Irish planning practice was weak during an important phase of Ireland's economic growth. This conclusion is demonstrated through the analysis of a case study, McEvoy and Smith v. Meath County Council. The findings show that while Ireland's national government created an ambitious National Spatial Strategy modeled on EU principles, non-binding Regional Planning Guidelines allowed local authorities to continue granting zoning changes and permissions. These decisions were therefore uninhibited by the constraints of population projections, consideration for infrastructure provision, and overall good planning practice. This research calls into question the effectiveness of transferring policy principles from the EU to Member States. It suggests more generally that to implement policy and law successfully, policy makers must appreciate the societal and economic context in which these rules will operate.

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Howard, Jacob M. "Form Based Codes and Economic Impacts: A Multivariate Regression Analysis and Case Study." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2044.

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After a 100-year history, traditional zoning practices are being challenged as a contributing factor in a number of social, heath and economic problems facing cities in the United States. In this context, form based codes have emerged as a possible alternative way for cities to guide development. Growing out of the New Urbanist movement, form based codes frequently mix uses, allow for a greater variety of housing types and encourage development that is both denser and more compact. Despite an established literature which links land-use regulations, and zoning in particular, to fiscal outcomes, the impacts that form based codes have on public finance in the growing number of cities which have adopted them has yet to be fully investigated. The goal of this research is to examine if and how form based codes alter property tax and sales tax generation in the cities that adopt them. To examine the relationship between form based codes and public finance a series of two multivariate regression analyses were conducted using historic property and sales tax data. The first regression analysis was performed using the full list of 122 cities which have adopted form based standards from between 1984 and 2009. In an attempt to limit the diversity of sample cities and improve the ability to generalize results a second regression analysis was performed using a smaller list of 47 cities with populations between 50,000 and 200,000 thousand that had adopted form based standards between 1984 and 2009. The results of the first analysis established that a statistically significant positive relationship existed between the presence of form based standards which were implemented citywide and observed property tax revenue both in total and on a per capita basis. Similarly, a statistically significant positive relationship between the presence of form based standards implemented at the neighborhood level and total property tax revenue was observed. No significant relationship was found between the presence of neighborhood level standards and per capita property tax revenue. Further no significant relationship was found between form based standards and sales tax revenue. In general, these findings support the theory that form based codes and the development they allow, does alter the amount of property tax a city collects, but does not support the theory that form based codes affect sales tax revenues by facilitating the development of a more conducive urban, walkable environment or for any other reason. The results of the second regression analysis using data from cities with populations between 50,000 and 200,000 showed a significant positive relationship between the presences of citywide form based standards and total property tax revenue and per capita property tax revenue. Analysis of sales tax data showed a positive relationship between total sales tax revenue and the presence of form based standards at the neighborhood level. No other significant relationship between form based standards and sales tax revenue was observed. Similar, to analysis of all cities, the results for cities with population of 50,000 to 200,000 support the theory that form based codes and the development they allow does alter the amount of property tax a city collects, and that form based codes do not affect sales tax revenues except in the case of codes adopted at the neighborhood level, where a generally positive relationship was identified at the 10% confidence interval. Following this multivariate regression analysis, a case study of Saratoga Springs, New York was completed. Located in the far reaches of the Albany Metropolitan Area, Saratoga Springs developed as a popular tourist destination in the mid 1800’s. After experiencing economic decline in line with that of its peer cities in the mid to late 20th century, Saratoga Springs has experience a boom and now boast some of the highest home values in Upstate New York. In 2003 the city was one of the first in country to adopt form based standards, which have guided a significant amount of development in the city’s historic downtown as the city re-emerged as a popular tourist destination. Since the adoption of form based standards in Saratoga Springs both property tax and sales tax receipts have doubled.

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Martinez, Nicholas S. "Election Administration within the Sphere of Politics: How Bureaucracy Can Facilitate Democracy with Policy Decisions." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3809.

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Public bureaucracy finds itself in a strange place at the intersection of political science and public administration. Political science finds that, within representative democracy, discretion granted to bureaucrats threatens the nature of democracy by subverting politicians who represent the will of the people – bureaucracy vs democracy. At the same time, public administration holds that, in the interest of promoting democracy, bureaucracy should be objective in its implementation of policy in a way that eliminates the influence of politics from decision-making – politics vs bureaucracy. Those positions are seemingly contradictory in nature. From one perspective, bureaucracy is undemocratic because it is outside of politics, yet an overreach of politics into the bureaucracy yields undemocratic outcomes. Bureaucracy can facilitate democracy outside of politics. This study looks to empirically test whether local bureaucrats, who should be willing to act in-line with influential co-partisans, might still promote democratic outcomes for their constituents with their discretionary decision-making. Florida provides an empirical backdrop for testing bureaucracy’s impact on democracy with a natural experimental scenario created with the passing of new early voting limitations in 2011. Florida’s Republican (R) lawmakers passed House Bill 1355 (HB 1355), which was signed into law by Governor Scott (R), that dramatically limited the early voting days allowed for federal elections. HB 1355 changed the early voting (EV) period from fourteen (14) days to eight (8) days and eliminated the last Sunday before Election Day as well. The move was widely seen as a political calculation aimed at stifling the participation of Democrats in the 2012 General Election. In seeming lockstep, local Supervisors of Elections (SOEs) from both parties utilized their statutory discretion over the location of early voting sites to alter the distribution of sites before the 2012 General Election. I find that Republican SOEs did not distribute early voting locations in a way that negatively impacted early voting participation rates (EVPR) for their local precincts. Furthermore, I find that, all else equal, their decisions did not statistically impact EVPR differently than the EVPR in communities managed by Democrats. Republican SOEs did not add new costs to voters in their communities. I provide new evidence that demonstrates that bureaucrats can indeed limit the impact of undue politics from their influential co-partisans to promote more democratic outcomes.

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Cavalcanti, Bernardo Morais [UNESP]. "A ordem econômico-constitucional e o mercado de etanol: diretivas de um marco regulatório para o estado democrático de direito." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98944.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cavalcanti_bm_me_fran.pdf: 470076 bytes, checksum: f45e23743934b9a8cdf3fde3c9cd3464 (MD5) Este trabalho tem como objetivo apontar diretivas que possam embasar um futuro marco regulatório do setor de biocombustíveis, com ênfase especial no mercado de etanol carburante. Para alcançá-lo, partimos de uma discussão de pressupostos jurídicos e econômicos e procedemos logo em seguida à análise desta atividade econômica específica sob a luz desses pressupostos. O método de abordagem utilizado foi o hipotético-dedutivo. Os métodos de procedimento utilizados foram o histórico-evolutivo, comparativo, monográfico, estatístico, funcionalista e estruturalista. A técnica empregada foi a da documentação indireta, por meio da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Foram, assim, alcançados os seguintes resultados: a) a exploração da atividade econômica relativa ao etanol carburante sempre foi realizada pela iniciativa privada, em regime de economia de mercado; b) o Estado sempre teve participação crucial nesse processo, por meio da indução estatal; c) atualmente vive-se mais uma fase desse processo, impulsionada pelas necessidades de preservação do meioambiente, da segurança energética e de autonomia nacional; d) a trajetória histórica do Brasil faz com que seja o principal exportador de etanol carburante do planeta; e) essa posição tem gerado uma rápida expansão das lavouras de cana no país; f) é premente a necessidade de um marco regulatório que estabeleça, a priori, uma política de expansão dessa atividade econômica sem prejudicar outras atividades essenciais à sociedade brasileira. As conclusões derivadas desses resultados apontam para as seguintes diretivas: a) preservação do meioambiente; b) estímulo à livre-iniciativa e à livre-concorrência; c) proteção do mercado interno; d) incentivo à pesquisa e desenvolvimento; e) mecanização do processo de produção do etanol carburante; f) realocação da... This work aims to outline guidelines that can support a future regulatory framework for the biofuels sector, with special emphasis on the ethanol fuel market. To achieve this, we begin with a discussion of economic and legal presuppositions and then proceed to the analysis of this specific economic activity in the light of these presuppositions. The method of approach used was hypothetic-deductive. The methods of procedure used were the historicalevolutionary, comparative, monographic, statistical, functionalist and structuralist. The technique used was indirect documentation, through archival research and literature. The following results were thus achieved: a) the exploitation of the economic activity regarding ethanol fuel has always been conducted by the private sector under a market economy system; b) the state has always played a crucial role in this process, through inductive planning; c) currently, one more step in this process is being experienced, driven by the needs of environment protection, energy security and national autonomy; d) the historical trajectory of Brazil makes it the leading exporter of ethanol fuel on the planet; e) this position has generated a rapid expansion of sugarcane crops in the country; f) there is a pressing need for a regulatory framework that establishes, a priori, a policy of expansion of this economic activity without posing a risk to other essential activities to the Brazilian society. The conclusions derived from these results converge to the following guidelines: a) preservation of the environment; b) encouraging market economy and free competition; c) protecting the domestic market; d) encouraging research and development; e) mechanization of the process of producing ethanol fuel; f) reallocation of manpower dislodged in the process of mechanization; g) integration... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Kassem, Leigh. "The Effects of Employment on Recidivism Among Delinquent Juveniles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3302.

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Current research indicates an association between intense adolescent work (twenty hours or more per week) and delinquent behavior. It has been widely speculated that this relationship is spurious, occurring only as a result of other factors which are common to both offending and intense employment. The current study attempts to fill a gap in the literature by utilizing the Pathways to Desistance dataset to examine the evolution of the relationship between work and self-reported offending in a longitudinal sample of juvenile offenders. Work intensity and consistency, social capital, and expectations for success were analyzed as potential predictors of recidivism or desistance as juvenile offenders mature into adulthood. Variations in the significance of these variables throughout the first seven waves of data collection were examined from the life course perspective. Results provide support for the theory of age graded social control and suggest that high risk youth self-select into intensive work roles as adolescents. No statistically significant differences in lifetime offending were found between respondents across varying levels of work intensity.

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Zvan, Elliott Katja. "Women's rights and reform in provincial Morocco : from disenfranchisement to lack of empowerment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d016ef02-51b6-4745-927a-e286608c8a28.

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Morocco is oftentimes praised by academics, development workers, and women’s rights activists as a trailblazer for the empowerment of women in the Middle East and North African region. Its reforms in the realm of family legislation and progress made in human development place the country at the helm of liberalising Arab Muslim-majority societies, even more so after the Arab Spring and Morocco’s peaceful transition to a ‘new’ constitutional order. However, a closer look at women’s rights discourses, legal reforms, its texts and implementation, and the public attitudes towards the enhancement of women’s rights reveals a less empowering situation. The purported goals of the Family Code, as the extolled document showcasing Morocco’s attempt at ameliorating (married) women’s rights, of ‘doing justice to women’ while ‘preserving men’s dignity’ mask the reformed law’s reconsolidation of patriarchal family relations. Many legal grey areas within this particular law, as well as clashing principles emanating from other laws such as the Penal Code, allow judges and the ʿaduls (religious notaries) to exercise discretion and apply the law as they see fit and, to a large extent, as it conforms to their and the community’s vision of the ideal moral order. Moreover, because ‘doing justice to women’ affects men’s and family’s honour, the project of the enhancement of women’s rights has had as a result retraditionalisation of family relations and hierarchical gender structures. Nowhere is this more poignant than in the status of educated single adult girls from provincial areas. They may be poster girls for the development community, but they are pitied by their own communities because they fail to become complete women––married (non-employed) mothers. The story of Morocco’s professed progress is a story of empowering its citizens, but one which does so on paper only. It is also a story which hides the salient details of poorly written reformed laws, obstructed access to justice, continuing widespread misogyny, material poverty and social marginalisation, and cohesive socio-economic programmes, which are rarely followed through.

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Cook, John Stanley. "A cybernetic approach to land management issues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36222/2/John_Cook_Thesis.pdf.

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This work is a digital version of a dissertation that was first submitted in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in March 1994. The work was concerned with problems of self-organisation and organisation ranging from local to global levels of hierarchy. It considers organisations as living entities from local to global things that a living entity – more particularly, an individual, a body corporate or a body politic - must know and do to maintain an existence – that is to remain viable – or to be sustainable. The term ‘land management’ as used in 1994 was later subsumed into a more general concept of ‘natural resource management’ and then merged with ideas about sustainable socioeconomic and sustainable ecological development. The cybernetic approach contains many cognitive elements of human observation, language and learning that combine into production processes. The approach tends to highlight instances where systems (or organisations) can fail because they have very little chance of succeeding. Thus there are logical necessities as well as technical possibilities in designing, constructing, operating and maintaining production systems that function reliably over extended periods. Chapter numbers and titles to the original thesis are as follows: 1. Land management as a problem of coping with complexity 2. Background theory in systems theory and cybernetic principles 3. Operationalisation of cybernetic principles in Beer’s Viable System Model 4. Issues in the design of viable cadastral surveying and mapping organisation 5. An analysis of the tendency for fragmentation in surveying and mapping organisation 6. Perambulating the boundaries of Sydney – a problem of social control under poor standards of literacy 7. Cybernetic principles in the process of legislation 8. Closer settlement policy and viability in agricultural production 9. Rate of return in leasing Crown lands

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Cavalcanti, Bernardo Morais. "A ordem econômico-constitucional e o mercado de etanol : diretivas de um marco regulatório para o estado democrático de direito /." Franca : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98944.

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Orientador: Alexandre Walmott Borges Banca: Anderson Rosa Vaz Banca: José Carlos de Oliveira Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo apontar diretivas que possam embasar um futuro marco regulatório do setor de biocombustíveis, com ênfase especial no mercado de etanol carburante. Para alcançá-lo, partimos de uma discussão de pressupostos jurídicos e econômicos e procedemos logo em seguida à análise desta atividade econômica específica sob a luz desses pressupostos. O método de abordagem utilizado foi o hipotético-dedutivo. Os métodos de procedimento utilizados foram o histórico-evolutivo, comparativo, monográfico, estatístico, funcionalista e estruturalista. A técnica empregada foi a da documentação indireta, por meio da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Foram, assim, alcançados os seguintes resultados: a) a exploração da atividade econômica relativa ao etanol carburante sempre foi realizada pela iniciativa privada, em regime de economia de mercado; b) o Estado sempre teve participação crucial nesse processo, por meio da indução estatal; c) atualmente vive-se mais uma fase desse processo, impulsionada pelas necessidades de preservação do meioambiente, da segurança energética e de autonomia nacional; d) a trajetória histórica do Brasil faz com que seja o principal exportador de etanol carburante do planeta; e) essa posição tem gerado uma rápida expansão das lavouras de cana no país; f) é premente a necessidade de um marco regulatório que estabeleça, a priori, uma política de expansão dessa atividade econômica sem prejudicar outras atividades essenciais à sociedade brasileira. As conclusões derivadas desses resultados apontam para as seguintes diretivas: a) preservação do meioambiente; b) estímulo à livre-iniciativa e à livre-concorrência; c) proteção do mercado interno; d) incentivo à pesquisa e desenvolvimento; e) mecanização do processo de produção do etanol carburante; f) realocação da... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: This work aims to outline guidelines that can support a future regulatory framework for the biofuels sector, with special emphasis on the ethanol fuel market. To achieve this, we begin with a discussion of economic and legal presuppositions and then proceed to the analysis of this specific economic activity in the light of these presuppositions. The method of approach used was hypothetic-deductive. The methods of procedure used were the historicalevolutionary, comparative, monographic, statistical, functionalist and structuralist. The technique used was indirect documentation, through archival research and literature. The following results were thus achieved: a) the exploitation of the economic activity regarding ethanol fuel has always been conducted by the private sector under a market economy system; b) the state has always played a crucial role in this process, through inductive planning; c) currently, one more step in this process is being experienced, driven by the needs of environment protection, energy security and national autonomy; d) the historical trajectory of Brazil makes it the leading exporter of ethanol fuel on the planet; e) this position has generated a rapid expansion of sugarcane crops in the country; f) there is a pressing need for a regulatory framework that establishes, a priori, a policy of expansion of this economic activity without posing a risk to other essential activities to the Brazilian society. The conclusions derived from these results converge to the following guidelines: a) preservation of the environment; b) encouraging market economy and free competition; c) protecting the domestic market; d) encouraging research and development; e) mechanization of the process of producing ethanol fuel; f) reallocation of manpower dislodged in the process of mechanization; g) integration... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Mestre

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37

Valiante, Diego. "1. The Market for Subprime Lending: a Law and Economics Analysis of Market Failures and Policy Responses. 2. Legal and economic approach to tying and other potentially unfair and anticompetitive commercial practices: focus on financial services. 3. Shaping Reforms and Business Models for OTC Derivatives Markets: Quo Vadis?" Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200736.

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1. The supreme mortgages market. Main determinants of the borrower's choice to get in a subprime mortgage. The incentive structure of intermediaries: moral hazard and adverse selection. Some responses: how does the policy-maker shape the subprime market. 2. The competition policy dimension of tying and other potentially unfair commercial practices. Tackling tying and other potentially unfair commercial practices in consumer policy. Measuring the impact of tying and other potentially unfair practices in the retail financial services sector: a multi-stage test. 3. Setting the scene. Size and shape of the OTC derivatives market. Legal and economic views of growth and concentration. The nature of OTC derivatives transactions. Shedding lights on the OTC derivatives’ chain value: a costbenefit analysis. OTC derivatives markets and the financial crisis. Legislative actions in EU and US. Perspectives for over-the-counter derivatives market: four scenarios.

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Seixas, Luiz Felipe Monteiro. "Tributa??o, finan?as p?blicas e pol?tica fiscal: uma an?lise sob a ?ptica do direito e economia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13954.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizFMS_DISSERT.pdf: 1601230 bytes, checksum: 31879264dfcf4bbb6732aceaa21d84e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-27 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior In the Brazilian legal scenario, the study of taxation has traditionally been restricted to positivist analysis, concerned with investigating the formal aspects of the tax legal rule. Despite its relevance to the formation of the national doctrine of tax, such formalist tradition limits the discipline, separating it from reality and the socioeconomic context in which the Tax Law is inserted. Thus, the proposal of the dissertation is to examine the fundamentals and nature of taxation and tax legal rules from the perspective of Law and Economics (Economic Analysis of Law). For this purpose, the work initially reconnects the Tax Law and Science of Finance (or Public Finance) and Fiscal Policy, undertaking not only a legal analysis, but also economic and financial analysis of the theme. The Economics of Public Sector (or Modern Public Finance) will contribute to the research through topics such as market failures and economic theory of taxation, which are essential to an economic approach to Tax Law. The core of the work lies in the application of Law and Economics instruments in the study of taxation, analyzing the effects of tax rules on the economic system. Accordingly, the dissertation examines the fundamental assumptions that make up the Economic Analysis of Law (as the concept of economic efficiency and its relation to equity), relating them to the tax phenomenon. Due to the nature of the Brazilian legal system, any worth investigation or approach, including Law and Economics, could not pass off the Constitution. Thus, the constitutional rules will serve as a limit and a prerequisite for the application of Law and Economics on taxation, particularly the rules related to property rights, freedom, equality and legal certainty. The relationship between taxation and market failures receives prominent role, particularly due to its importance to the Law and Economics, as well as to the role that taxation plays in the correction of these failures. In addition to performing a review of taxation under the approach of Economic Analysis of Law, the research also investigates the reality of Brazilian tax system, applying the concepts developed in relevant cases and issues to the national scene, such as the relationship between taxation and development, the compliance costs of taxation, the tax evasion and the tax enforcement procedure. Given the above, it is intended to lay the groundwork for a general theory of Economic Analysis of Tax Law, contextualizing it with the Brazilian tax system No cen?rio jur?dico brasileiro, o estudo da tributa??o ? tradicionalmente restrito a uma an?lise positivista, preocupada em investigar os aspectos formais da norma jur?dico-tribut?ria. Em que pese sua relev?ncia para a forma??o da doutrina tribut?ria nacional, tal tradi??o formalista limita a disciplina, dissociando-a da realidade e do contexto socioecon?mico no qual o Direito Tribut?rio est? inserido. Dessa maneira, a proposta da disserta??o ? examinar os fundamentos e a natureza da tributa??o e das normas jur?dico-tribut?rias sob a perspectiva do Direito e Economia (ou An?lise Econ?mica do Direito). Para tanto, inicialmente o trabalho reaproxima o Direito Tribut?rio da Ci?ncia das Finan?as (ou Finan?as P?blicas) e da Pol?tica Fiscal, empreendendo n?o s? uma an?lise jur?dica, mas tamb?m econ?mica e financeira do tema. A Economia do Setor P?blico (ou Finan?as P?blicas Moderna) contribuir? para a pesquisa atrav?s de temas como as falhas de mercado e a teoria econ?mica da tributa??o, centrais para uma abordagem econ?mica do Direito Tribut?rio. O n?cleo do trabalho reside na aplica??o dos instrumentos do Direito e Economia no estudo da tributa??o, analisando os efeitos das normas tribut?rias sobre o sistema econ?mico. Nesse sentido, a disserta??o examina as premissas fundamentais que comp?em a An?lise Econ?mica do Direito (como o conceito de efici?ncia econ?mica e a sua rela??o com a equidade), relacionando-as com o fen?meno tribut?rio. Em virtude da natureza do sistema jur?dico brasileiro, qualquer investiga??o ou abordagem que se preze, inclusive a de Direito e Economia, n?o poderia passar a largo da Constitui??o. Dessa forma, as normas constitucionais funcionar?o como limite e pressuposto para a aplica??o do Direito e Economia ? tributa??o, sobretudo as normas relativas ao direito de propriedade, ? liberdade, ? igualdade e ? seguran?a jur?dica. A rela??o entre a tributa??o e as falhas de mercado recebe papel de destaque, em particular devido ? import?ncia da mat?ria para o Direito e Economia, bem como devido ? fun??o que a tributa??o exerce na corre??o das referidas falhas. Para al?m de realizar um exame da tributa??o sob o enfoque da An?lise Econ?mica do Direito, a pesquisa tamb?m investiga a realidade tribut?ria brasileira, aplicando os conceitos desenvolvidos em casos e problem?ticas relevantes para o cen?rio nacional, tais como a rela??o entre tributa??o e desenvolvimento, os custos de conformidade na tributa??o e a sonega??o fiscal e o processo de execu??o fiscal. Diante do exposto, pretende-se, ent?o, lan?ar as bases para uma teoria geral da An?lise Econ?mica do Direito Tribut?rio, contextualizando-a com o sistema tribut?rio brasileiro

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Hayne, Shelby. "An Analysis and Critique of Mental Health Treatment in American State Prisons and Proposal for Improved Care." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1256.

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Mental health treatment in state prisons is revealed to be highly variable, under-funded, and systematically inadequate. Existing literature exposes this injustice but fails to provide a comprehensive proposal for reform. This paper attempts to fill that gap, outlining a cost-effective, evidence-based treatment proposal, directly addressing the deficits in care revealed through analysis of our current system. In addition, this paper provides historical overviews of the prison system and mental health treatment, utilizing theoretical perspectives to contextualize this proposal in the present state of affairs. Lastly, the evidence is provided to emphasize the potential economic and social benefits of improving mental health treatment in state prisons. Significant findings suggest a clear financial, legal, and moral incentive for states to address this issue, while the proposal provides a viable method of doing so.

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Bienenstock, Sophie. "Trois essais sur l'analyse économique du droit de la consommation." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020025/document.

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Les consommateurs disposent d’une rationalité limitée et sont sujets à divers biais cognitifs. La thèse étudie les conséquences des biais de rationalité sur le comportement des consommateurs ainsi que les implications sur la politique de consommation. Chacun des trois chapitres de la thèse est consacré à un biais particulier (surestimation de la qualité, erreurs d’anticipation de l’utilité, biais de projection) dans un contexte concurrentiel déterminé. Les deux premiers chapitres sont bâtis sur des modèles de duopole standards auxquels sont intégrés des biais de rationalité : le premier est un duopole avec différenciation horizontale inspiré de Dixit (1979), tandis que le second envisage un modèle de différenciation verticale adapté de Gabszewicz & Thisse (1979). Le troisième chapitre étend à trois périodes la modélisation du biais de projection proposée par Loewenstein et al. (2003). J’aboutis à la conclusions que, si les biais cognitifs conduisent dans certains cas à des choix sous-optimaux (chapitres 1 et 2), les consommateurs naïfs peuvent également être avantagés par rapport aux agents sophistiqués (chapitre 3). Ce constat plaide en faveur d’une intervention circonstanciée et mesurée sur le marché. Enfin, des recommandations de politiques économiques sont formulées: je prône une approche renouvelée du droit de la consommation, qui ne serait plus fondé principalement sur l’information du consommateur mais davantage sur des mesures de redressement cognitif. Des exemples de mesures concrètes sont discutés tout au long de la thèse Consumers have bounded rationality and exhibit cognitive biases. The thesis studies the consequences of such biases on consumer choice and implications on consumer policy. Each chapter of the thesis investigates one specific bias (quality bias, utility misperception and projection bias) in a given market structure. The first two chapters focus on stan- dard duopoly models, in whichcognitive biases are incorporated: I build a horizontally differentiated duopoly based on Dixit (1979)in chapter 1, and a vertically differentiated duopoly inspired by Gabszewicz & Thisse (1979) in chapter 2. As for the third chapter, it extends to three periods, in a monopolistic framework, the projection bias model proposed by Loewenstein et al. (2003). I come to the conclusion that, while cognitive biases sometimes lead to suboptimal consumption decisions (chapters 1 and 2), naive consumers can be better off than their sophisticated counterparts(chapter 3). This observation pleads in favor of a non-systematic and context dependant legal intervention to counter cognitive errors. I argue in favor of a new approach of consumer policy, that would focus less on information disclosures in favor of debiasing schemes. Examples of such debiasing policies are discussed throughout the thesis

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Birckholz, da silva Brenno. "Le point optimal de la fiscalité internationale et son impact économique dans l'internationalisation productive : une étude du rapport coût-bénéfice fiscal sous la perspective des régimes brésilien et français." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0054.

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Le présent travail a pour but une étude sur l’impact économique de la taxation des bénéfices perçus offshore dans la compétitivité de la classe d’affaires nationale, sous la perspective des régimes brésilien et français. Feront l’objet d’analyse les lois étrangères des pays suivants: l’Afrique du Sud, l’Allemagne, l’Argentine, l’Australie, le Brésil, le Canada, la Chine, la Corée du Sud, l’Espagne, les États-Unis, la France, l’Italie, le Japon, la Nouvelle-Zélande, la Norvège, le Portugal et le Royaume Uni. La distribution topique s’est produit en raison de lignes directrices géo-sociales, de racine des systèmes normatives (commonlaw et civil law) et aussi (et surtout) selon la prépondérance dans la participation, dans l’influence et dans le protagonisme décisionnel de l’orientation géopolitique mondiale. Le contenu cerne de la recherche fut orienté à partir de deux prémisses de base: i ) évaluer in concreto l’impact des normes juridiques sur la performance économique des entreprises nationales et leur compétitivité sur le marché international ; et ii) à partir de l’extraction des données statistiques empiriques sur le montant brut des bénéfices perçus offshore selon chacune des administrations fiscales paramètre, de l’impact de la charge fiscale sur ces éléments, et du contenu des indices de « collecte fiscale » et d’ « efficacité fiscale », établir parmi les politiques fiscales analysées celle qui présente la meilleure corrélation « coût-bénéfice », et par conséquent un point optimal à l’interface entre le droit fiscal international et le développement économique et productif national. Notre défi, dernièrement, sera de proposer une construction fiscale permettant de contribuer à l’amélioration des systèmes fiscaux analysés, en leur fournissant de l’efficacité et de la rationalité, de manière à ainsi contribuer au développement économique et social des deux pays-cible, la France et le Brésil The scope of this Thesis is to study the economic impact of the taxation of offshore revenue on the competitiveness of the national business class under the Brazilian and French regimes. Foreign laws of the following Jurisdictions will be analyzed: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, South Korea, Spain, United States, France, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway,Portugal and the United Kingdom. Topical distribution has occurred based on geo-social guidelines, the root of normative systems (commonlaw and civil law) and also (and above all) as per the preponderance in participation and decision-making influence in global geopolitical orientation. The research content was based on two basic premises: i) assessing in concreto the impact of legal norms on the economic performance of national enterprises and their competitiveness on theinternational market; and ii) from the extraction of empirical statistical data on the gross amount of offshore revenue produced by each tax administration, the impact of the tax burden on these items and the content of the « tax collection » and « fiscal efficiency » indexes, to establish among the fiscal policies analyzed the one(s) with the best « cost-benefit ratio » correlation, and therefore an optimal point to the interface between international tax law and national economic and productive development. Our challenge, eventually, will be to propose a fiscal construction in order to contribute to the improvement of the tax systems analyzed, by providing them with efficiency and rationality, thus contributing to the economic and social development of the two target countries, France and Brazil

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Silva, Daniele Soares da. "Financiamento da política cultural no Brasil e na França: uma avaliação comparada da lei Rouanet." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9416.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Soares da Silva.pdf: 1386235 bytes, checksum: 6fd3d5d342baea6525be33421c37004d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-18 The aim of this study is to analyze the financing of federal public policies in Brazil's cultural sector, mainly the fiscal incentives mechanism established by the Rouanet law. In other words, the intention is to verify what are the problems faced and propose a few improvements to this mechanism. The research procedure consists on a bibliographic research and a comparative analysis of the French experience with the Brazilian case. It has been identified that the fiscal incentives mechanism works as public money repass; concentration of the resources from this mechanism in a few companies; a geographic imbalance on the distribution of these resources; lack o clarity regarding the differences between donation and financing and lack of transparency on the direction and use of the resources. The French model presents distinct and similar problems compared to the Brazilian one, exhibiting an opportunity to improvements in the model. The law project in the Brazilian Congress waiting for approval foresees changes to correct these distortions. The proposed changes present elements that indicate a possible solution to the presented problems O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o financiamento das políticas públicas federais do setor cultural no Brasil, principalmente o mecanismo dos incentivos fiscais estabelecido pela lei Rouanet. Em outras palavras, o propósito é verificar quais são os problemas enfrentados e propor alguns aperfeiçoamentos desse mecanismo. O procedimento da pesquisa consiste da pesquisa bibliográfica e uma análise comparativa da experiência francesa com o caso brasileiro. Foram identificados o mecanismo de incentivo fiscal funcionando como repasse de dinheiro público; a concentração dos recursos oriundos desse mecanismo em poucas empresas; o desequilíbrio geográfico da distribuição desses recursos; a falta de clareza quanto à diferença das modalidades doação e financiamento e a falta de transparência no direcionamento e uso dos recursos. O modelo francês apresenta problemas distintos e semelhantes aos do modelo brasileiro, dando oportunidade de detectar mudanças possíveis para melhora deste. O Projeto de Lei que está no Congresso brasileiro para aprovação prevê alterações que buscam corrigir essas distorções. As alterações propostas apresentam elementos que indicam uma possível solução para os problemas apontados

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Knight, Eric Ronald Wing Fai. "The finance of climate change : transitioning to a low carbon economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7475f9d1-10ec-4585-8ea6-74f878b7c9a3.

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Financial markets play a vital role in the allocation of the world’s resources. Yet financial markets are also prone to booms and busts as financial intermediaries imperfectly respond to the world around them. This thesis examines the role of financial markets in the context of climate change. It examines how financial markets are slowly, though imperfectly, moving towards addressing one of the greatest economic and scientific challenges of our century. I examine in-depth a number of areas where financial markets are operating effectively to address the challenges of climate change. I also identify those areas where market failures signal the need for further government intervention. This thesis proceeds in four substantive chapters. My approach is empirical and employs both quantitative and qualitative techniques. I first address financial market theory on the role of information in efficient market operation (Chapter 3). I then examine behaviourally how financial markets are integrating new climate-related information in investment decisions (Chapter 4). This thesis then examines the two financial markets in depth. The first is an empirical examination of how carbon markets have influenced publicly listed markets in energy stocks within Europe (Chapter 5). The second is an empirical examination of direct investment (venture capital and private equity) in clean technologies in Europe and North America (Chapter 6). Four findings emerge from this thesis: Firstly, financial market reform must begin with greater information disclosure to the market on the physical and carbon-related risks facing corporations and the community. Secondly, large asset owners (such as pension funds) should demand greater integration of long-term systemic risk considerations in their asset allocation decisions if they are to adequately respond to climate change. Thirdly, market structure appears to materially influence the operation of a carbon price signal within an energy market. This indicates further empirical research is needed by governments to examine whether carbon markets achieve their intended aims. Fourthly, the flow of direct investment (private equity) in emerging clean technologies is highly contingent on geography. The size and direction of capital flows is influenced by regulation, capital market structures, and physical environmental variables. Government must bear this in mind when formulating appropriate technology and industry policy to spur clean technology investment.

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Brida, Henrique Paulo de. "O sistema de pagamentos brasileiro à luz do código civil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-14102016-132017/.

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O estudo jurídico do sistema de pagamentos sob o enfoque do direito obrigacional requer exame prévio do fenômeno socioeconômico representado pela moeda, enquanto elemento fundamental da relação obrigacional de compra e venda, determinante do preço e objeto do pagamento. Antes, porém, da análise do pagamento e de seus instrumentos jurídicos, ou seja, da moeda (em sentido largo) como efeito jurídico, tem-se de perquirir sobre sua natureza com o auxílio dos conceitos elaborados sobretudo pela ciência econômica, mas também pela sociologia e pela história social. O exame da realidade socioeconômica sob o prisma da essência dos fatos, não apenas de sua aparência, busca na materialidade do fenômeno monetário o suporte teórico para o encaminhamento da análise jurídica desse mesmo fenômeno e seus correlatos, tanto sob o enfoque positivista (dogmático) quanto sob o interativo, ou seja, enquanto relação entre o mundo jurídico positivo e a globalidade social por meio da interpretação ou aplicação das normas. A partir desse quadro analítico, procura o presente trabalho apresentar, primeiramente, um panorama do sistema monetário, situando o problema da moeda no contexto econômico e jurídico. Na segunda parte são expostos os fundamentos analíticos da economia em sua forma monetária (análise econômica da moeda). A terceira seção abrange o efetivo funcionamento do sistema monetário, particularmente examinando as funções do dinheiro numa economia monetária. A quarta e última parte apresenta o Sistema de Pagamentos Brasileiro (SPB) em seus moldes institucionais, situando-o no arcabouço do ordenamento jurídico nacional. A partir de seus fundamentos jurídicos, procede-se ao exame das matérias específicas do Direito obrigacional, em particular do pagamento e de suas garantias institucionais. The legal study of the system of payments under the focus given by law requires prior examination of the economic phenomenon represented by currency as a key element of the obligational relationship given by purchase agreement, as by establishing the price and also as an object of payment. However, previously to the analysis of the payment and its legal instruments, i.e. the currency (in broad sense) as a legal effect, one should assess his nature with the aid of concepts specially developed by economic science, but also by sociology and social history. The examination of the socio-economic reality lit by the essence of the facts, not just by their appearance, search through the materiality of monetary phenomenon for the theoretical support for legally dealing with such a phenomenon and the correlated ones, both under the positivist approach (dogmatic) as under the interactive one, that is, as a relationship between the effective legal world and the social universe as a result of the interpretation or application of law. From this analytical framework, the ongoing writing seeks firstly to show a panorama of the monetary system by focusing the currency problem in the economic and legal context. The second part deals with the analytical foundations of the economy in its monetary form (economic analysis of currency). The third section covers the effective functioning of the monetary system, particularly by assessing the functions of money in the context of a monetary economy. The fourth and last part deals with the Brazilian Payment System (SPB) in its institutional patterns, by placing it in the framework of the national legal system. From their legal grounds, one assesses the specific matters concerning the Law of obligations, in particular the payment and its institutional collaterals.

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Krispi, Eli M. "Go Farm, Goleta: Urban Agriculture Protection for Eastern Goleta Valley." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/575.

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This paper explores two potential land use planning strategies that can be used to preserve and enhance the economic viability of agricultural operations surrounded by suburban development in Santa Barbara County’s Eastern Goleta Valley: buffers between agriculture and other land uses, and agritourism. In the case of buffers, academic literature is examined to determine how effective buffers are at various tasks (filtering runoff, mitigating dust and wind, providing habitat, etc.) and how to construct buffers to maximize their effectiveness. Land use plans and codes from several California jurisdictions are studied to see how buffers are put to use. Academic literature is then reviewed to discover the benefits and potential drawbacks of agritourism to agricultural operations and the larger area. The zoning codes from the top five agritourism counties in California are evaluated to see how effective they are at facilitating five common agritourism uses; these best practices are then compared to the current zoning in Santa Barbara County. This paper concludes by summarizing the applicability of the literature and case studies to Eastern Goleta Valley, and proposes a new zoning designation and other policies to help maintain the urban agriculture operations. This new zoning designation includes a 30-foot minimum width for buffers and a three-tier categorization of land uses capable of promoting agritourism.

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Chodosh, Jonah. "Take Me Out of the Ball Game: The Efficacy of Public Subsidies in the Success of Professional Sports Stadiums." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/267.

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This paper weights the relative advantages of multiple factors that lead to the success of professional sports stadiums in major markets, though a discussion of the arguments for and against public subsidies towards these projects. Using a logit statistical model, the paper determines that the two factors determining the highest likelihood of venue success include multiple tenants and access to mass transit. The analysis demonstrates that public subsidies towards stadiums don’t generate sufficient economic returns, and that successful stadiums can be created without using taxpayer funds.

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Badia-Bellinger, Jordan Jose. "Hosting the Olympics: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Economic and Social Effects of the Olympic Games." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/509.

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This paper attempts to provide a cost-benefit analysis of the economic and social effects of hosting the Olympic Games. I provide an overview of the economic and social impacts of the Games and analyze their effects. I focus the economic effects of the Games on tourism, trade, corporate sponsorship and the sale of television rights. I also look at the social effects of the Games on infrastructure and employment. Finally I assess why the Olympics remain an appealing venture for cities, despite evidence that demonstrates how they produce more actual harm than good for the host city. In addition, I provide predictions for two alternative directions that the Olympics could take in the future: to either continue in the current trend of immense growth and commercialization, or alternatively, implement a new Olympic bidding process that establishes stricter criteria for candidate cities.

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Martensen, Kaj. "Essays on entry externalities and market segmentation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.) (EFI), 2001. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/572.htm.

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Bogomolow, Reinaldo. "A reserva de mercado na area de informática na década de 70 e 80." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13336.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 REINALDO BOGOMOLOW.pdf: 4259930 bytes, checksum: 60c26d105deaf2a05db2e67a2ee82839 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-16 Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo That work is to study scientific point of views from Brazilian policy to the market reserve into the informatics on years 70 e 80 and nearby and past periods of publication noted to the technology which was developed or made abroad to the production of micro computers and peripherals O trabalho compreende uma sintese da produção nacional de micro computadores na década de 70 e 80, onde se aborda as questões que influenciaram o desenvolvimento da política cientifica de desenvolvimento tecnológico na área de informática do período

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Ferguson, Mary C. "Sediment Removal from the San Gabriel Mountains." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/16.

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The issue of sediment removal from the San Gabriel Mountains has been a complex issue that has created problems with beach replenishment, habitat destruction and the need to spend millions of dollars at regular intervals to avoid safety hazards. Most recently 11 acres of riparian habitat, including 179 oaks and 70 sycamores, were removed for sediment placement. Other sites including Hahamongna Watershed Park and La Tuna Canyon also face a similar fate. This thesis questions: How did we get to this point of destroying habitat to dump sediment which is viewed as waste product? What are the barriers for creating long term solutions and progressive change? What are some other options? And how should we move forward? The issues with sediment management have stemmed from regulatory compliance issues, adversarial relationships within agencies and among NGO's and the public, and the lack of a comprehensive long-term plan to prevent further habitat loss and other sediment removal issues. A recommendation includes looking at a community forestry model to include a wide cross-section of the community, NGO's and government agencies to come up with a long term comprehensive and progressive solution.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economics and law in scientific policy'

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