Academic literature on the topic 'Economics Natural law'

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Journal articles on the topic "Economics Natural law"

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Yu, Yi-Jang. "Microeconomic Natural Law, Portfolio Principle and Economics Textbooks." Modern Economy 07, no. 05 (2016): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2016.75063.

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O'Brien, D. P. "Hayek and the Natural Law." History of Political Economy 41, no. 2 (2009): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-2009-012.

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Chan, N. Patrick. "An Approach to Scientific Economics." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 6, no. 1 (1995): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9500600104.

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An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to improve scientific reliability. Economics encompasses all fields, and is governed by both natural law and human law. Universally valid relationships can be derived from the human law (e.g. on banking) to complement those of natural science. The approach is illustrated by experiments that demonstrate reliable logical relationships in human behaviour and important characteristics defining money. Science cannot predict the future, but universally valid relationships apply reliably to hypothetical circumstances. “Though we may be uncertain as to the storms that may blow, we can design to best withstand those storms we elect to define”.
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Riha, Tomas J. F. "The idea of natural law and the moral content of economics." International Journal of Social Economics 25, no. 10 (1998): 1520–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068299810214070.

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Auerbach, Alan J. "American Economic Journal: Economic Policy." American Economic Review 99, no. 2 (2009): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.679.

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AEJ Policy will publish papers covering a range of topics, the common theme being the role of economic policy in economic outcomes. Subject areas will include public economics; urban and regional economics; public policy aspects of health, education, welfare, and political institutions; law and economics; economic regulation; and environmental and natural resource economics.
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YOUNG, JEFFREY T. "LAW AND ECONOMICS IN THE PROTESTANT NATURAL LAW TRADITION: SAMUEL PUFENDORF, FRANCIS HUTCHESON, AND ADAM SMITH." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 30, no. 3 (2008): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837208000291.

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Young, Jeffrey T. "Is the entropy law relevant to the economics of natural resource scarcity?" Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 21, no. 2 (1991): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(91)90040-p.

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Young, Jeffrey T., and Barry Gordon. "Economic Justice in The Natural Law Tradition: Thomas Aquinas to Francis Hutcheson." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 14, no. 1 (1992): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200004363.

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After three or more decades of mainly positivistic readings of the economics of Adam Smith, there was a decided movement following the bicentennial of the publication of the Wealth of Nations to broaden the agenda of Smithian studies. The publication in 1978 of the Report of 1762–63 of Smith's lectures in jurisprudence added impetus to this movement. In particular, historians of ideas began to pay increased attention to Smith's concern with justice in economic life. That attention has evoked renewed interest in certain of Smith's intellectual antecedents who may have played a part in shaping his ideas, but whose influence has remained a matter of relative neglect in modern scholarship.
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Levy, David M. "Margaret Schabas: The Natural Origins of Economics." Constitutional Political Economy 19, no. 4 (2008): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10602-008-9057-1.

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Andelson, Robert V. "24 Ryan and His Domestication of Natural Law*." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 63, no. 2 (2004): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2004.00291.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economics Natural law"

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Calmette, Jean-François. "La rareté en droit public /." Paris [u.a.] : L'Harmattan, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/484023926.pdf.

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Jackson, John W. "China in the South China Sea genuine multilateralism or a wolf in sheep's clothing?" Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9984.

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The South China Sea claimants base their claims on ancient documentation and archeological evidence. However, they largely ignored the territories until the 1960s, when natural resources speculations began. The 1982 UNCLOS magnified interest as claimants hoped to extend exclusive economic rights from their claims rather than continental coastlines. Another possible factor behind Chinese claims is the theory that Beijing desires to establish Chinese hegemony in the region. Beijing's shift from bilateral diplomacy and military aggression to multilateral diplomacy has created debate among Sinologists. Many argue China lacked the power necessary to assert its claims and now can finally attempt assertion again, thus the naval buildup. Others argue that natural resources drive China's SCS policy and still others believe bureaucratic infighting drives policy. Economic data shows a possible causal relationship between trade and China's political behavior. The 1996 U.S. Presidential campaign slogan, "It's the economy stupid," apparently applies to Beijing's SCS approach as well. The U.S. approach to the disputes remains one of ambivalence. As long as the United States maintains freedom of navigation through the area, Washington should remain concerned but uninvolved. Beijing largely feels the same way, with the important addition of guaranteeing access to the region's natural resources.
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Magalhães, Matheus Albergaria de. "Fines, externalities, and transaction costs: essays in common-pool resources management." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-13122017-171553/.

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The present dissertation evaluates the internal dynamics of a specific type of common-pool resource, an information commons. Employing a novel dataset related to more than 800,000 transactions in distinct libraries during a 10-year period (2005-2015), I address distinct questions in the fields of organizational economics, law and economics, and public economics. This dissertation contains three chapters in the format of academic papers, besides the introduction and conclusion. The second chapter evaluates the behavioral responses of library users to monetary sanctions. I exploit variation in the timing of introduction of fines in a library, as well as differences among users, in terms of fine incidence. In the case of this chapter, I report two results: first, the introduction of fines reduces users\' delays, as predicted by standard models of law enforcement. Second, when evaluating the dynamic effects of such an introduction, I uncover a result in which fines lose efficacy over time since its nominal value remains the same after instauration. The third chapter measures externalities in an information commons. I estimate the magnitude of the impacts of actions of library users who were subject to a non-monetary sanction (professors and university employees) over users who were subject to a monetary sanction (students). Additionally, I estimate peer effects among users, considering the number of items they borrow from the library. When investigating external effects, I uncover a \"crowding-out\" effect: for an additional unity in professors and employees\' counts, there is an approximate one-to-one decrease in students\' counts. In the case of peer effects, I find that a rise in the borrowings of a user\'s peer group correlates with her own borrowings, an evidence of positive peer effects. Finally, the fourth chapter explores the interplay between common-pool resources and transaction costs. In particular, I try to answer the following question: what happens when transaction costs go down in a common-pool resource setting? I exploit variation in the timing of introduction of a cost-saving technology (return boxes) and its impacts on library performance measures. Contrarily to standard arguments based on transaction costs, I find a result in which the instauration of return boxes tend, on average, to raise the probability of delays and borrowings\' effective durations. The results reported in this dissertation have important implications for theories based on common-pool resources\' management, and constitute novel empirical evidence for the areas of law and economics, public economics, and organizational economics.<br>A presente tese avalia a dinâmica interna de um tipo específico de recurso comum, um \"information commons\". Utilizando uma nova base de dados contendo mais de 800.000 transações ocorridas em distintas bibliotecas, ao longo de um período superior a 10 anos (2005-2015), o trabalho busca responder distintas questões relacionadas às áreas de economia das organizações, direito econômico e economia do setor público. A tese contém três capítulos, em formato de artigos, além da introdução e conclusão. O segundo capítulo da tese avalia as respostas comportamentais de usuários de uma biblioteca a sanções monetárias, ao explorar variação no timing de introdução de multas, assim como diferenças entre usuários, em termos de incidência dessas multas. No caso deste capítulo, são reportados dois resultados: em primeiro lugar, a introdução da multa tende a reduzir atrasos dos usuários, conforme previsto por modelos convencionais de cumprimento da lei. Em segundo lugar, uma análise dos efeitos dinâmicos de instauração da multa sugere que ela perde eficácia ao longo do tempo, uma vez que seu valor nominal permanece o mesmo, desde a data de instauração. O terceiro capítulo da tese apresenta estimativas das magnitudes de externalidades em um recurso comum. Neste capítulo, são estimados os impactos das ações de usuários da biblioteca sujeitos a uma sanção não-monetária (professores e funcionários) sobre usuários sujeitos a uma sanção monetária (alunos). Adicionalmente, são estimados efeitos sobre pares (peereffects), considerando o número de itens emprestados por usuários da biblioteca. A análise da magnitude de efeitos externos leva à descoberta de um efeito \"crowding-out\": para cada unidade adicional emprestada por professores e funcionários, há uma redução, na escala de um por um, nos empréstimos de estudantes. No caso de estimações de efeitos sobre pares, um aumento nos empréstimos por parte do grupo ao qual um usuário pertence é correlacionado com seus próprios empréstimos, o que constitui evidência favorável à ocorrência de efeitos positivos sobre pares, no caso. Finalmente, no quarto capítulo, explora-se a interação entre recursos comuns e custos de transação. Especificamente, busca-se responder a seguinte questão: o que ocorre quando custos de transação são reduzidos em um contexto envolvendo recursos comuns? Para tanto, explora-se a variação no timing de introdução de uma tecnologia redutora de custos de transação (caixas de devolução), assim como seus impactos sobre medidas de desempenho na biblioteca. No caso deste capítulo, tem-se um resultado onde a instauração de caixas de devolução tende, em média, a aumentar a probabilidade de atrasos entre usuários da biblioteca, assim como a duração efetiva dos empréstimos, contrariamente a argumentos baseados em custos de transação. Os resultados reportados nesta tese têm importantes implicações para teorias baseadas no gerenciamento de recursos comuns, assim como correspondem a um novo conjunto de evidências empíricas relacionadas às áreas de direito econômico, economia do setor público e economia das organizações.
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Mao, Jessica J. "California's War Over the Bay-Delta: Historic Failures and Current Battles." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/482.

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California has one highly-coveted possession: the Bay-Delta, which is the second largest estuary in the United States. Today, tensions are higher than ever as Southern California continues to grow and demand water from the Delta, agriculture suffers from drought and less-than-promised water allocations, and aquatic life diminishes due to environmentally damaging processes like pumping and exporting of water elsewhere. This paper will examine the historic policies that have shaped how the Delta has been managed, their successes and failures, and current plans in discussion for continuing improvement of the Delta. The Bay-Delta Conservation Plan and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley Water Reliability Act (HR 1837) are the specific current plans presented and analyzed for potential effectiveness. Despite some of the promising suggestions in HR 1837 and the Bay-Delta Conservation Plan, the Delta will remain a problem in the 21st century until stakeholders from all perspectives compromise enough to enact a single, clear-cut solution.
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Novoa, Goicochea Zaniel I. "Valoración económica del patrimonio natural: las áreas naturales protegidas." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119457.

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Economic Valuation of the natural patrimony: Protected Natural AreasThis paper offers some knowledge about the utility of Economic Valuation of Assets out of  market methods, to allow management in general and as a guide to the planning of natural areas with valuable ecologic and landscaping aspects. Here, I show the importance of the Protected Natural Areas (ANP) in the national economy and their economic value. I describe the most used techniques in the valuation of ANPs with special attention to the direct using values through the application of cost of travel and contingent valuation methods.As an example of the use of these techniques, I present the application results at the Private Conservation Area-El Cañoncillo Natural Forest, with the objective to analyze the pertinence of the economic valuation by the adoption of conservation practices.<br>El presente artículo brinda conocimientos sobre la utilidad de los métodos de valoración económica de los bienes sin mercado, tanto para su gestión en general como para que sirva de guía para la planificación de áreas naturales ecológica y paisajísticamente valiosas en particular. Muestra la importancia de las áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) en la economía nacional y su valoración económica. Se describen las técnicas más usadas en la valoración de las ANP, con especial atención en los valores de uso directo a través de la aplicación de métodos de costo de viaje y de valoración contingente (CVVC).Como ejemplo de uso y potencial de estas técnicas se presentan los resultados de su aplicación en el Área de Conservación Privada Bosque Natural El Cañoncillo, con el objetivo de analizar la viabilidad de la valoración económica por medio de la adopción de prácticas de conservación.
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Österlund, Ida. "Samhällsnyttan av vattenverksamheter : Hur tillämpas samhällsnyttokravet i 11 kap. 6 § miljöbalken vid tillståndsprövning av vattenverksamheter?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3749.

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<p>Denna uppsats handlar om hur den särskilda tillåtlighetsregeln i 11 kap. 6 § miljöbalken tillämpas vid tillståndsprövning av vattenverksamheter. Av paragrafen följer att en vattenverksamhet endast får bedrivas om den samlade nyttan av verksamheten överväger de kostnader samt skador och olägenheter som verksamheten medför. Syftet med paragrafen är att hindra vattenverksamheter som inte är <em>samhällsekonomiskt motiverade</em> samt utgöra ett extra skydd för miljön utöver miljöbalkens generella miljökrav.</p><p>Syftet med studien är undersöka hur denna paragraf tillämpas i praktiken – både i rättspraxis och i ansökningsförfarandet. Studien bygger i första hand på rättsvetenskaplig metod men ger även en mer allmän introduktion till samhällsekonomiska analysmetoder. Studien visar att det är mycket svårt att finna vägledning i praxis för <em>hur</em> en bedömning av samhällsnyttan bör gå till. Praxis visar dock att även faktorer som verksamhetens överensstämmelse med olika miljökvalitetsmål, art- och områdesskydd och estetiska värden kan få betydelse vid samhällsnyttobedömningen. Från sökandenas sida riktas generellt ett för stort fokus mot den privata eller företagsekonomiska nyttan av verksamheten. Sammantaget medför detta en risk för att miljövärden inte värderas på ett korrekt sätt när de vägs mot en mer konkret uttryckt monetär nytta. Ett bredare perspektiv på bedömningen bör därför antas. Vidare diskuteras även hur tillämpningen av bestämmelsen skulle kunna förbättras mot bakgrund av olika värderingsmetoder.</p><br><p>The subject matter of this Bachelor’s thesis is the special permit condition applying to water operations in accordance with chapter 11 section 6 of the Swedish Environmental Code. The article states that water operations may only be undertaken if the benefits, from the point of view of public and private interests, are greater than the costs and damages associated with them. The purpose of the regulation is to prevent water operations that are not socially efficient and to provide an additional protection for the environment, in excess of the general rules of consideration in the Code.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to look into how this particular article is applied in practice. This is done by analysing the legal usage as practiced by the court as well as by the applicants. The general rule is that the applicant has to show that the operation, for which the permit is being sought, is in compliance with the obligations associated with the activity. The study shows that it is very difficult to find guidance from case law on <em>how</em> an assessment of the social efficiency is to be carried out. Court practice indicates that circumstances such as whether the operation is in compliance with certain environmental objectives can be used to weight different aspects in the social efficiency assessment. However, the assessments carried out by the applicants are in general focused on the economic benefits for the applicant. This practice might entail a risk for environmental values not being properly valued when weighted against more tangible monetary benefits. A broader perspective is therefore called for. Potential improvements on the practice of the article are discussed against different valuation methods.</p>
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Ferguson, Mary C. "Sediment Removal from the San Gabriel Mountains." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/16.

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The issue of sediment removal from the San Gabriel Mountains has been a complex issue that has created problems with beach replenishment, habitat destruction and the need to spend millions of dollars at regular intervals to avoid safety hazards. Most recently 11 acres of riparian habitat, including 179 oaks and 70 sycamores, were removed for sediment placement. Other sites including Hahamongna Watershed Park and La Tuna Canyon also face a similar fate. This thesis questions: How did we get to this point of destroying habitat to dump sediment which is viewed as waste product? What are the barriers for creating long term solutions and progressive change? What are some other options? And how should we move forward? The issues with sediment management have stemmed from regulatory compliance issues, adversarial relationships within agencies and among NGO's and the public, and the lack of a comprehensive long-term plan to prevent further habitat loss and other sediment removal issues. A recommendation includes looking at a community forestry model to include a wide cross-section of the community, NGO's and government agencies to come up with a long term comprehensive and progressive solution.
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Wessling, William T. "Institutional quality, economic development, and natural resource abundance| Towards and interactive model of development." Thesis, Webster University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1525314.

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<p> The study of institutions (i.e., "the rules of the game" in a society) has grown from a small fringe subject in the late 1980s to a massive pillar in the current study of International Political Economy. Two thing has become clear during the course of this growth and the involved research it entails: (1) institutional Quality (especially quality of governance and rule of law) has a determinant effect on the GDP development of a given countries economy and (2) institutional quality has a determinant effect on whether a country is either "cursed" or "blessed" with natural resource abundance (i.e., whether they are growth "winners" or "losers" in terms of GDP development. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the presence of abundant natural resources amplifies this determinant effect when controlled for nonresource abundant states, and if so to what extent. The study ultimately finds amplification of the effect of institutional quality on GDP per capita when controlling for natural resource abundance, ultimately suggesting that resource abundance can be either a "blessing" or a "curse" depending on preexisting institutional quality. Secondary findings indicate the existence of a "slippage" effect in institutional quality once natural resources are introduced to a given state's economy.</p>
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Bluffstone, Zoe. "Seeking Redemption in a World of Waste: A Comparative Analysis of Bottle Deposit Systems and Campaigns and a Consideration of Their Comprehensive Sustainability." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1462983935.

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Girvan, P. F. "The one and the many : aspects of rationality and relativism in moral, political and economic contexts." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390888.

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Books on the topic "Economics Natural law"

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Ward, Kevin M. Natural resource damages: Law and economics. Wiley Law Publications, 1992.

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Market economies and natural law. Praeger, 2001.

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Economic justice and natural law. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Lueck, Dean. Law and economics of the natural environment. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2003.

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Lueck, Dean. Law and economics of the natural environment. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2003.

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Neher, Philip A. Natural resource economics: Conservation and exploitation. Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Natural law: The foundation of an orderly economic system. Lexington Books, 2005.

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Mercuro, Nicholas. Ecology, law and economics: The simple analytics of natural resource and environmental economics. University Press of America, 1994.

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Regulation and the natural progress of opulence. AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, 2005.

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John, Tschirhart, ed. Natural monopoly regulation: Principles and practice. Cambridge University Press, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economics Natural law"

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Simmonds, N. E. "Natural Law." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_720.

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Simmonds, N. E. "Natural Law." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_720-1.

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Sugden, Robert. "Natural Law." In The Economics of Rights, Co-operation and Welfare. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230536791_8.

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Nakagawa, Junji. "Free Trade Agreements and Natural Resources." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56426-3_8.

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Hamacher, Horst W., and Kurt Jörnsten. "Optimal Relinquishment According to the Norwegian Petroleum Law: A Combinatorial Optimization Approach." In Energy, Natural Resources and Environmental Economics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12067-1_25.

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Lee, Jaemin. "Export Restraints of Natural Resources and the SCM Agreement." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56426-3_16.

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Fukunaga, Y. "Comment to Chapter “Free Trade Agreements and Natural Resources”." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56426-3_9.

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Anuradha, R. V., and Piyush Joshi. "Natural Resources Regime in India: Impact on Trade and Investment." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56426-3_4.

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Mitchell, Andrew D., and Jessica Casben. "Natural Resources and Energy Regulation in Australia: The Energy White Paper in Context." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56426-3_1.

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Walker, Jeremy. "The Fire Machine: Economics as a Social Physics of Natural Law." In More Heat than Life: The Tangled Roots of Ecology, Energy, and Economics. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3936-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economics Natural law"

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Fathiah, Adha, Afrizal Afrizal, and Jendrius Jendrius. "Natural Disasters and Agrarian Conflict." In International Conference on Social Sciences, Humanities, Economics and Law. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-9-2018.2282590.

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Huang, Fang. "Natural Law and Contractual Spirit." In 3rd Annual International Conference on Management, Economics and Social Development (ICMESD 17). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmesd-17.2017.75.

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Mashari. "Government’s Responsibilities in the Use of Discretion for Natural Disaster Management." In International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.097.

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Sunggara, M. Adystia, and Endra Wijaya. "Criminal Law Politics in the Management of Natural Resources: Efforts to Confront the Positivistic Thinking Absolutism." In International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.003.

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Ruszel, Mariusz. "SECURITY IN THE NATURAL GAS SUPPLIES TO THE COUNTRIES OF THE VISEGRAD GROUP." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b21/s4.001.

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Belova, Gabriela, Gergana Georgieva, and Anna Hristova. "THE FOREIGN INVESTORS AND NATIONALITY CONCEPT UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.193.

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Although in the last years the international community has adopted a broad approach, the definition of foreign investors and foreign investments is still very important for the development of international investment law. The nationality of the foreign investor, whether a natural person or legal entity, sometimes is decisive, especially in front of the international jurisdictions. The paper tries to follow the examples from bilateral investment agreements as well as from multilateral instrument such as the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Convention. An important case concerning Bulgaria in past decades is also briefly discussed. The authors pay attention to some new moments re-developing the area of investment dispute settlement within the context of EU Mixed Agreements, especially after the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement.
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Rahaditya, R., and Agoes Dariyo. "The Application of Law Number 22 of 2001 Concerning Oil and Natural Gas Against People’s Oil Mining in the Village of Wonocolo, Kecamatan Kedewan, Bojonegoro, East Java." In International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210805.001.

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Marangoz, Mehmet, Asım Günal Önce, and Ali Emre Aydın. "The Importance of E-Waste Management In Terms of Environmental Economics and Sustainability." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01237.

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Today, environmental economics examining the economic contribution of protecting the environment and natural resources and preventing the environmental pollution has become an important issue like energy. In this context the relationship between economy and environment is analyzed. In this relationship process of economy management change the environment and environmental qualifications take part in success of economy. Sustainable development, as an another important concept, explains realization of the efforts for economic growth and enhancing the welfare level in the meantime protecting the environment and people’s quality of life. Sustainable development has great importance for managing environmental, economic and social resources accurately.&#x0D; E-waste (electronic waste) management comes to the forefront in the context of environmental economics and sustainable development. Along with technological advancements and changing consumption habits e-waste management and e-waste recycling become crucial. While there are several related studies focus on waste management and recycling and their relationship between environmental economics and sustainable development few study deal with e-waste management. This study aims to fill this gap and make a contribution with emphasizing the importance of e-waste management for environmental economics and sustainable development.&#x0D; In this study e-waste practices in the World are evaluated, recycle ratios and their economic impact are examined, e-waste management’s importance as a financial trigger is emphasized, not only short term but also long term effects of e-waste management are elaborated from the point of sustainability and suggestions are discussed for improving the recycling processes for practitioners and law-makers.
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Noneva-Zlatkova, Yordanka. "PROTECTION OF CREDITORS’ RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF AN EVOLVING INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT UNDER EU LAW." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.179.

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In the post-global economic and financial crisis, Europe is suffering from significantly low levels of investment. This applies both to national level in the individual Member States and to those with a supranational scope. For this reason, the EC tried to stimulate the development of any investment initiative through the Juncker Plan, which is based on three pillars: the European Fund for Strategic Investments, the European Investment Advisory Center and the European Investment Projects Portal, and third, improving the business environment by removing regulatory barriers to investment at national and European level. Policies in this direction will continue and build on over the period 2021-2027 through the InvestEU program, which aims to continue to support increased investment, innovation and job creation in Europe. The process of implementation of each such initiative directly affects the individual legal and natural persons as investors who enter different bond relations, which have both national and international dimension. The development of new investment products and instruments would be unthinkable without the Bank’s involvement as a major creditor in the implementation of investment projects. This fact shows that it is necessary to examine the legal guarantees for the protection of creditors in these relationships in case of possible threat the debtor to damage the creditor in case of unfavourable development of the respective investment initiative. This paper will justify the significance and the peculiarities of Paul’s claim as a means of protecting creditors in the context of a developing EU investment environment and its legal framework. This method of preventing the decline of the asset and / or the increase of the liability of the debtor’s property is characterized by extreme persistence over time as a legal institution that originated in the Roman era and has survived to the present without losing its significance.
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Liu, Mei, and Su Ke. "On Nature of Right to Education." In 2015 International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emle-15.2015.103.

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Reports on the topic "Economics Natural law"

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Isham, Leslie, and Jason Weaver. Sustaining the natural and economical resources of the Lac Courte Oreilles, Leslie Isham; Jason Weaver. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1096991.

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Meneses, Juan Francisco, and José Luis Saboin. Growth Recoveries (from Collapses). Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003419.

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This paper analyzes the behavior of a long list of economic variables during episodes of recovery from an economic collapse. A set of stylized facts is proposed so as to depict what in this work is called \saygrowth recoveries. Through different estimation techniques, it is inferred under which conditions and policies the likelihood of experiencing a growth recovery increases. The results of the paper indicate that collapses tend to occur in countries with high dependence on natural resource rents, macroeconomic mismanagement, low levels of democratic accountability and rule of law and high levels of conflict. Recoveries, on the other hand, tend to be longer than collapses and are more likely to occur in contexts of: improved external conditions, less natural resource rents, balanced fiscal accounts, where the exchange rate corrects but within a more fixed exchange rate regime and a more restricted financial account, and where there are: rebounds in private consumption, increases in international trade and improvements on property rights.
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Wallace, Sean, Scott Lux, Constandinos Mitsingas, Irene Andsager, and Tapan Patel. Performance testing and modeling of a transpired ventilation preheat solar wall : performance evaluation of facilities at Fort Drum, NY, and Kansas Air National Guard, Topeka, KS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42000.

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This work performed measurement and verification of installed, operational solar wall systems at Fort Drum, NY, and Forbes Field, Air National Guard, Topeka, KS. Actual annual savings were compared estimated savings generated by a solar wall modeling tool (RETScreen). A comparison with the RETScreen modeling tool shows that the measured actively heated air provided by the solar wall provides 57% more heat than the RETScreen tool predicted, after accounting for boiler efficiency. The solar wall at Fort Drum yields a net savings of $851/yr, for a simple payback of 146 years and a SIR of 0.16. RETScreen models indicate that the solar wall system at Forbes Field, Kansas Air National Guard, Topeka, KS saves $9,350/yr, for a simple payback of 58.8 years and a SIR of 0.34. Although results showed that, due to low natural gas prices, the Fort Drum system was not economically viable, it was recommended that the system still be used to meet renewable energy and fossil fuel reduction goals. The current system becomes economical (SIR 1.00) at a natural gas rate of $16.00/MMBTU or $1.60 /therm.
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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.

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Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.
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Yusgiantoro, Filda C., I. Dewa Made Raditya Margenta, Haryanto Haryanto, and Felicia Grace Utomo. Carbon Tax Implementation in the Energy Sector: A Comparative Study in G20 and ASEAN Member States (AMS). Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.003.

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1. This report shows that six G20 countries (Japan, South Africa, Argentina, France, Ireland, and Mexico) and one ASEAN Member States (Singapore) have implemented a carbon tax. 2. The energy sector is the primary GHG emissions contributor in most member states, except Indonesia. However, the energy sector in Indonesia will highly contribute to the national GHG emissions considering the rise of energy demand due to economic and population growth. 3. The effectiveness of carbon tax is specific to which sectors are taxed and which sectors are exempt to a country member. Specifically, a higher emissions price may not cover a large share of emissions in the country. The high carbon tax in France only covers 35% of total emissions in its jurisdiction. Meanwhile, Japan and Singapore’s low carbon tax covers 75% and 80% of total emissions in their jurisdiction, respectively. 4. The numbers of sectoral coverage by emissions price will impact the level of revenues generated from the carbon tax. France obtained the most significant carbon tax revenue for more than USD 9.6 billion. Meanwhile, Argentina generated less than USD 1 million, likely due to tax exemptions in natural gas commodities. 5. The contribution level of carbon tax revenue to the government’s total revenue varies for each country. France and Ireland’s carbon tax revenue contributes 0.71% and 0.53% of their total government revenue, respectively. Meanwhile, the rest of the countries’ carbon tax revenue contributed less than 0.3% each to their government revenue.
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Solaun, Kepa, Chiquita Resomardono, Katharina Hess, Helena Antich, Gerard Alleng, and Adrián Flores. State of the Climate Report: Suriname: Summary for Policy Makers. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003415.

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Several factors contribute to Surinames particular vulnerability to the effects of climate change. It is dependent on fossil fuels, has forests liable to decay, fragile ecosystems, and its low-lying coastal area accounts for 87% of the population and most of the countrys economic activity. Many sectors are at risk of suffering losses and damage caused by gradual changes and extreme events related to climate change. For Suriname to develop sustainably, it should incorporate climate change and its effects into its decision-making process based on scientific- evidence. The State of the Climate Report analyzes Surinames historical climate (1990-2014) and provides climate projections for three time horizons (2020-2044, 2045-2069, 2070-2094) through two emissions scenarios (intermediate/ SSP2-4.5 and severe/ SSP5-8.5). The analysis focuses on changes in sea level, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and winds for the seven subnational locations of Paramaribo, Albina, Bigi Pan MUMA, Brokopondo, Kwamalasamutu, Tafelberg Natural Reserve, and Upper Tapanahony. The Report also analyzes climate risk for the countrys ten districts by examining the factors which increase their exposure and vulnerability on the four most important sectors affected by climate change: infrastructure, agriculture, water, and forestry, as well as examining the effects across the sectors. The State of the Climate provides essential inputs for Suriname to develop and update its climate change policies and targets. These policies and targets should serve as enablers for an adequate mainstreaming of climate change adaptation and resilience enhancement into day-to-day government operations.
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Solaun, Kepa, Gerard Alleng, Adrián Flores, Chiquita Resomardono, Katharina Hess, and Helena Antich. State of the Climate Report: Suriname. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003398.

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Suriname is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Among the factors that exacerbate its vulnerability are its dependency on fossil fuels, the degradation of important ecosystems (e.g., mangroves), and the fact that 87% of the population, and most of the countrys economic activity is located within the low-lying coastal area. Many sectors are at risk of suffering losses and damage caused by gradual changes and extreme events related to climate change. For Suriname to develop sustainably, it should incorporate climate change and its effects into its decision-making process based on scientific- evidence. The State of the Climate Report analyzes Surinames historical climate (1990-2014) and provides climate projections for three time horizons (2020-2044, 2045-2069, 2070-2094) through two emissions scenarios (intermediate/ SSP2-4.5 and severe/ SSP5-8.5). The analysis focuses on changes in sea level, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and winds for the seven subnational locations of Paramaribo, Albina, Bigi Pan MUMA, Brokopondo, Kwamalasamutu, Tafelberg Natural Reserve, and Upper Tapanahony. The Report also analyzes climate risk for the countrys ten districts by examining the factors which increase their exposure and vulnerability on the four most important sectors affected by climate change: infrastructure, agriculture, water, and forestry, as well as examining the effects across the sectors. The State of the Climate Report provides essential inputs for Suriname to develop and update its climate change policies and targets. These policies and targets should enable an adequate mainstreaming of climate change adaptation and resilience enhancementinto day-to-day government operations. It is expected that the Report will catalyze similar efforts in the future to improve decision-making by providing science-based evidence.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
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Financial Stability Report - First Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.1sem.eng-2020.

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In the face of the multiple shocks currently experienced by the domestic economy (resulting from the drop in oil prices and the appearance of a global pandemic), the Colombian financial system is in a position of sound solvency and adequate liquidity. At the same time, credit quality has been recovering and the exposure of credit institutions to firms with currency mismatches has declined relative to previous episodes of sudden drops in oil prices. These trends are reflected in the recent fading of red and blue tonalities in the performance and credit risk segments of the risk heatmaps in Graphs A and B.1 Naturally, the sudden, unanticipated change in macroeconomic conditions has caused the appearance of vulnerabilities for short-term financial stability. These vulnerabilities require close and continuous monitoring on the part of economic authorities. The main vulnerability is the response of credit and credit risk to a potential, temporarily extreme macroeconomic situation in the context of: (i) recently increased exposure of some banks to household sector, and (ii) reductions in net interest income that have led to a decline in the profitability of the banking business in the recent past. Furthermore, as a consequence of greater uncertainty and risk aversion, occasional problems may arise in the distribution of liquidity between agents and financial markets. With regards to local markets, spikes have been registered in the volatility of public and private fixed income securities in recent weeks that are consistent with the behavior of the international markets and have had a significant impact on the liquidity of those instruments (red portions in the most recent past of some market risk items on the map in Graph A). In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to those vulnerabilities, this Report presents a stress test that evaluates the resilience of credit institutions in the event of a hypothetical scenario thatseeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The scenario assumes a hypothetical negative growth that is temporarily strong but recovers going into the middle of the coming year and has extreme effects on credit quality. The results suggest that credit institutions have the ability to withstand a significant deterioration in economic conditions in the short term. Even though there could be a strong impact on credit, liquidity, and profitability under the scenario being considered, aggregate capital ratios would probably remain at above their regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. In this context, the recent measures taken by both Banco de la República and the Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia that are intended to help preserve the financial stability of the Colombian economy become highly relevant. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system’s security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth functioning of the payment system. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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