Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie de marché – Afrique du Sud'
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Boyabé, Jean-Bernard. "La pérennité du "marché informel" en Afrique sub-saharienne : Analyse économique d'un paradoxe." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12017.
Full textIn this work, we analyse the "informal sector", in subsaharan africa, as an "informal market". The two main characteristics of this market, competitiveness and product heterogeneity, enable us to introduce akerlofs paradigm as an hypthesis. According to the extreme case of this hypothesis, the informal market, thus +informal sector ; in subsarahan africa, should have ceased to exist. To overcome this paradox, we propose a demand function in which "qualitative variables" (characteristic of product and characteristic of others) play important role by limiting the "adverse selection" phenomenon. These variables are presented as those from which it is possible to understand why the informal sector continue to exist, and what determine the substitution mechanism between the latter and the formal sector
Andrew, Nancy. "Réforme agraire et dynamiques sociales du conflit foncier dans les campagnes sud-africaines." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H020.
Full textThe thesis explores the dilemmas behind South Africa's politically-strained process of landreform since 1995, by looking at rural social conflict : by looking at rural social conflict : African women's limited access to land, the precarious situation of farmworkers and labour tenants, large numbers of whom were evicted from the white-owned farms in the face of potential land rights, and the painfully slow land restitution programme. Crucial areas of debate are presented : how much capitalism has transformed agrarian social relations, sharp differences over the goals and market approach of land reform, its targets and poor results, as well as the major structural hurdles facing the ANC in the context of the 1994 social compromise. How to handle the paradox of democratising a property system that anchored apartheid but continues to underpin the current economic order? A comparison with Zimbabwe's controversial fast-track expropriation after 2001 concludes the study
Migozzi, Julien. "Une ville à vendre : numérisation et financiarisation du marché du logement au Cap : stratification et ségrégation de la métropole émergente." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH007.
Full textThis thesis investigates the digitalization and financialization of the housing market in Cape Town, South Africa. Borrowing from economic sociology and urban geography, I develop the concept of "housing market assemblage" to both analyze and conceptualize how the evolution of market structures renews contemporary patterns of social stratification and urban segregation in an emerging global city. To do so, I use mixed methods that combine qualitative and quantitative approaches. Over 18 months of fieldwork, I conducted interviews with market professionals (real estate agents, property developers, mortgage brokers, bankers, investors) and households, while engaged in participant observation of a local estate agency in Cape Town's largest black township (Khayelitsha). Furthermore, I built a database of 900,000 residential real estate transactions and employed multivariate statistics and spatial analysis to track the evolution of prices and mortgages across the post-apartheid urban space. The thesis demonstrates how the housing market was reconfigured as a continuous flow of data through the adoption of digital platforms and the progressive making of housing as a financial asset on both the buyer's and rental markets. The market creates two filtering mechanisms with deep stratifying effects : (i) housing affordability is determined by the unequal spatial distribution of housing prices, on the one hand, and the social and racialized distribution of income and family assets, on the other, in a context of highly selective lending practises (ii) the hegemonic use of credit scoring technologies that allow the automated classification of South African citizens through an information dragnet of unprecedented sophistication and depth, both for the Global North and the Global South. Banks and newly formed corporate landlords use credit scoring to classify & select mortgage recipients and tenants, in a context of household indebtedness and enduring racial inequalities. The housing market operates therefore as a spatial economy of classification, whereby individuals, properties and neighborhoods are valued and classified according to profit and risk factors. Focusing on the market allows to engage more fully, but think beyond, prevailing concerns of the "post-apartheid" city: the spatial distribution of credit thus constitutes the main contemporary factor for both understanding and mapping the evolution of enduring inequalities and residential structures in the emerging South African city. In order to conceptualize this form of market stratification, I define the new middle class as a "filtered class", and processes of global urban integration through the ordering of financialized and digitalized housing market assemblages that both engender new urban forms and renew social-class patterns across the emerging city
Gaysset, Isabelle. "Croissance par l'innovation et emploi dans les pays du Sud de la Méditerranée " une application à l'emploi des jeunes"." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2011.
Full textCountries in the MENA region have been recently characterized by a common feature mainly the upsurge in the unemployment of young graduates. This is due to the dynamics and quality of economic growth, a chronic democracy deficiency, and socio-economic imbalances that threaten the stability and development wihtin the region. The PM must alter their current growth framework into a total factor productivity model, whereby innovation continuously improves, allowing for an endogenous growth regime based on technology progress to take over. After a general introduction, Chapter (II) highlightst the PM’s innovation systems and their effects on employment generation in a principal component analysis, and a panel study of the determinants of economic growth. In chapter (III) and (IV), the effects of the knowledge economy on youth employment are carefully studied though a time series analysis for the MENA region as a panel on one hand and for Tunisia a single case study on the other. Chapter (V) gives the mains conclusions of the study
Gueye, Ababacar sedikh. "Access to education and labor market in sub-saharan Africa." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD015.
Full textCompared to other regions, sub-Saharan Africa lags far behind in terms of poverty reduction and human development. This is partly explained by the low access to education combined with the weak dynamism of the labor market, characterized by a large share of vulnerable employment. In 2016, one in three children in sub-Saharan Africa is out of school and more than seven out of ten workers are employed in vulnerable jobs. This thesis proposes three empirical studies to better understand, on the one hand, access to education in sub-Saharan Africa and, on the other hand, the impact of access to a decent job on poverty reduction. Chapter 1 examines the role of social interactions in schooling decisions in rural Senegal using data from a demographic surveillance system. This study uses the caste system in Senegal and geographical proximity to build social groups. Results show that the membership to a social group strongly influences school attendance. Three mechanisms could explain this effect: social norms, the perception of return to education, and ripple effects. Chapter 2 aims to analyze whether orphans on the one hand, and non-orphans not living with their biological parents on the other hand, are disadvantaged in terms of access to education and child labor. I use data from a panel survey collected in rural Tanzania. The results show that paternal orphans and double-orphans receive less education expenditure but are not disadvantaged in terms of schooling or child labor. On the other hand, paternal orphans residing with their mothers receive on average the same amount of education expenditure as other children and are more likely to attend school. On average, non-orphaned fostered children are not different from children living with their biological parents in terms of education and child labor. These findings suggest an absence of discrimination against orphans and fostered children, but a loss of income for paternal orphans which could impede their educational outcomes. Finally, the last chapter looks at the situation of the labor market in Senegal. It attempts to analyze the best strategy to reduce poverty between access to a decent job in Senegal or migration abroad. The results indicate that both decent job and migration have a significant impact on poverty reduction, but the magnitudes of these two impacts are not significantly different. However, access to a decent job increases educational expenditure while migration has a little or no effect on educational expenditure
Tondini, Alessandro. "Cash transfers, employment and informality in South Africa." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E014/document.
Full textThis dissertation studies the employment effects of cash transfers in a segmented labor market. The first and main chapter shows that an unconditional cash transfer program targeted at mothers has lasting positive impacts on job quality. Five years after having received the cash transfer, treated mothers are more likely to be employed in the formal sector. This appears to be the result of changes in the way recipients search for a job, as treated mothers are unemployed for longer and target better jobs. The second chapter shows the employment effects of a reform in the means-tested, non-contributory pension system of South Africa, which lowered the age of retirement from 65 to 60 for men. The reform caused a large extensive-margin response, as informal workers stop working when they become eligible to the pension. Instead, formal workers do not quit their jobs nor switch to the informal sector to become eligible to the pension. Lastly, this dissertation discusses the lack of self-employment in South Africa. Building on the results of the first two chapters, the last chapter shows that South Africans do not increase entry to self-employment as a result of cash transfers. This indicates that liquidity constraints are not the main reason for the lack of self-employment in South Africa, which is likely to have historical roots stemming from Apartheid. The chapter discusses evidence and potential policy implications of this explanation, alongside possible avenues for future research on this phenomenon
Grimault-Bigo, Stéphanie. "Vulnérabilité et pauvreté sur le marché du travail en Afrique du Sud." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40020.
Full textKouacou, Djah. "Les taux de change du marché parallèle : modèle macro-économique, parité des pouvoirs et efficience du marché parallèle de change : application en Afrique sub-Saharienne." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010028.
Full textIn the first part of the thesis, we mae an overview of the theory of exchange rate determination. Good market approach, monetary approach assets market approach and a synthesis approach are explained in the work. Secondly we propose a model of parallel market exchange rate determinantion, where the parallel market rate is determined simultaneously with the production, the money demand, and the inflation. The model is used to test the affects of change in the economy policy on the endogenous variables. Thirdly, we test the purchasing power, parity theory in the parallel exchange rate market. Cointegration analysis was used to test purchasing power parity. Parallel market exchange rate and the equilibrium excha nge rate defined by the purchasing power parity are cointegreted for ghana, nigeria, kenya, zambia, zaire and sudan. Finaly we test the efficiency of the parallel market. We test the random walk hypothesis of the exchange rate in the parallel market. We obtain that the parallel market of ghana, and zaire are efficiency, that is not the case for parallel markets of kenya, nigeria, zambia and suda
Castaing, Hugues. "Emergence et développement du secteur privé dans les pays africains en transition vers l'économie de marché@." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32057.
Full textAfrica is in such a desperate economic, political and social condition, that friends of Africa and people at large who feel concerned by its evolution, are led to address the same disturbing question: how can be found the way of development at the beginning of XXIst century ? In order to bring a tentative answer, this thesis suggests to consider under-development as a case of cultural evolution within a context of a « catallactic african society », rather than a material problem constantly qualified as a « shortage of ressources » (i. E : « manque de moyens »). At the opposite, african countries development lies exclusively upon men, since they are those who act, imagine future and innovate to create wealth, admiting that « growth is not a material process but an intellectual one ». This process necessarily implies the merging and development of private sector, and will be originated by the determination of african people in leading an evolution of their institutions toward free market economy, in an open society integrated into world trade. African people will proceed gradually at the pace of mentalities changes in order to operate transitions without clashes and social turmoil. The surveys conducted in this thesis aimed at assessing the opportunities of merging and development of private sector in subsaharian-Africa, wich will enable and evaluate the success of policies of poverty reduction and sustainable development. Since, the exclusive leverage of economic and social development is entrepreneurship. This does not introduce any contradiction with « human capital » strengthening nor investments in social sectors met as usual basis of aid programms. In this context, the studies (of the thesis) were focused on african markets operations, in attempting to find out the reasons of the caracteristic difficulties and failures of trade promotion in this continent
Pons-Vignon, Nicolas. "Se tuer à la tâche : économie politique de la sous-traitance dans le secteur forestier sud-africain." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0123.
Full textThis study shows that the outsourcing implemented in the South African forestry sector since the 1980s, in which vertical integration has been replaced with a myriad of entrepreneurs, has weakened it economically. Rather than an unfortunate consequence, the casualization of workers has acted as a central motive to restructure. Restructuring has taken the form of chain-subcontracting relying on task payment in which wages are the leavings of profits. The inability of workers to organise collectively has allowed the large downstream transformation companies which dominate the sector to re-assert their authoritarian power over the labour process; they had feared to lose it when union mobilisation took place in the 1980s. The originality of this ‘extended case study’ is that it has adopted a perspective from below, putting workers at the heart of the analysis. This approach has shown the restructuring of the South African economy from the point of view of those who are most affected by it – workers –, but whose invisibility reflects the resistance to recognise the violence of capitalist relations of production in rural areas. The disarray of forestry workers does not prevent the plantations from being certified for their good social record. Dominant approaches to poverty, which seek to abstract it from the relations of production and reproduction which generate it, are not only useless but harmful for the poor. The form of casualization to which they are submitted leaves forestry workers with little margin for resistance, whether individual or collective
Fofana, André. "Les conditions d'un projet libéral pour l'Afrique subsaharienne." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR1001.
Full textA liberal plan of society for subsaharian africa consists in reproducing the structures of market economies. The suggested strategy stems from the economic theory, the analysis of the international environment and the historical evolution of these countries
Mounamou, Dulac Karin. "Contribution à l'analyse de la répartition des revenus du travail en Afrique du Sud." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40004.
Full textSince the end of 1990's, an important number of political and institutional changes have occured in south africa. These changes affect the well-being of the populations, marginalized by the apartheid regime. The central objective of this work is to study the prospects of post-apartheid south africa, in all their complexity, and under consideration of the historical heritage from an economical and political point of view, at the level of the distribution of labour income (wages, and mixed informal and agricultural income). The first part is a detailed analysis of the mechanisms generating social inequalities and of their inner dynamics, through a two way integration (social and spatial) of marginalized racial groups. The hindrances to the continuation of income standardization between racial groups affect the external orientations of economic policies. The second part analyses the direct and indirect impact on the income distribution of the trade and industrial strategy, included in a larger process of external integration initiated since the suspension of economic sanctions. The process of reduction of income inequality has begun long before the end of legal apartheid, taking into account changes which occured on the labour market. During postapartheid period, other formes of + economic ant spatial segregations ; appear and the process of reduction of income inequalities is slowed down by economic constraints, due to structure and general situation. In view of the decline of sheer discrimination, the reduction of income inequality is, in fact, more strongly linked to the inequality concerning access to formal employement, and this is particularly true in the manufacturing sector
Bouopda, Fopoussi Joëlle. "Réseaux sociaux, logiques marchandes et individuelles et performances économiques : une interprétation des potentialités actuelles de l'économie informelle en Afrique Subsaharienne." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10075.
Full textGalouon, Eta Eymard. "Le secteur informel urbain et le marché du travail dans les PVD en Afrique noire francophone : le cas de quelques pays." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN0635.
Full textAkim, Al-mouksit. "Trois essais sur la migration, les transferts privés et le développement économique en Afrique Subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED047/document.
Full textThe three essays composing this thesis make contributions to the literature on the consequences of migration and private transfers on the economic development of the countries of origin of sub-Saharan Africa.The first essay evaluates the distributive impact of international and domestic transfersin Senegal. The results show that private transfers reduce income inequality in Senegal. This equalizing effect is mainly driven bydomestic transfers. The second essay examines the insurance function of migration in Mali. We find that migration acts as an insurance mechanism when the household suffers an idiosyncratic shock during the year. The third essay examines the link between the human capital of Senegalese migrants and their integration into the destination labor market. The results suggest that the probability of being in skilled employment given the level of education is lower in migration compared to Senegal. Although a priori distinct, the three essays have in common an approach that mobilizes household surveys and various microeconometric techniques to deal with the complexity of migration in order to improve the understanding of the consequences of migration on the economies of origines
Kibong-Amira, Georges. "Régulation du marché des télécommunications dans les pays africains (hors Afrique du Nord et du Sud) : l'exemple du Cameroun." Paris, CNAM, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CNAM0572.
Full textDeregulation's credo generally opens competitition in the field of telecommunications. Consequently, all economic activities in developing countries are affected. The increased competition, through liberalization is translated into privatization. Given the preference in deregulating African Postal Services and Telecommunications Offices, which are owned by the goverment's national treasury, one can argue that it is an attempt to simply fade public service into progressive disapperance. We know that all African Offices of Post and Telecommunications are in a critical state for both their financial standing and the advanced degradation state of their network. Since experts recommend to African countries a new industrial organization orientated to a free market, can we rightfully expect improvements of state finances and high quality telecommunication networks? -Is regulation or deregulation a stage necessary for development ? - Does liberalization of the market guarantee healthy competition ? - Can regulators have the means or the capacities to supervise this competition ?-Is privatization a guaranty to liberalization ? -What regulation policies are needed to reach a certain target level ? Twenty years after the report of the "missing link", the catching up is not still evident as regards basic infrastructures. During this time the "digital divide" settled down. Today we speak about "fracture of the wide band". Our thesis proposes a methodology, based on the systematic search for the sinergy between general infracstructures and telecommunications, to improce the efficiency of the development aid in sub-Saharan Africa except South Africa. This common sense approach is in line with many other areas where such analyses and ideas have not only been observed, but also debated and developed
Goi, Isabelle. "Performances agricoles comparées en Afrique au Sud du Sahara : 1961-1983." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF10001.
Full textYang, Zi. "The impact of the emergence of China's economy on South Africa." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25265.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of China’s economic development on the economy of South Africa. In order to address this question, five main channels of impact are identified: (1) Increased competition from Chinese imports on local market; (2) Increased Chinese demand for South African exports; (3) Reduced intermediate input costs for local producers through reduced import prices; (4) Enhanced consumer welfare from reduced consumer prices; (5) Increased competition from Chinese imports in South Africa’s other export markets. A single-country (South Africa) CGE model is adopted to distinguish two external markets for imports and exports: China and the rest of the world. The resulting two-tiered trade sector is captured through the use of nested Armington (import) and CET (export) functions to model substitution between the two external markets.
Litvine, Nikolaevich Igor. "Economic and Financial Cycles in South Africa." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0240/document.
Full textThis study is about cycles. Various cycles are all around us in nature, society and the humans body. However, our interest is in cycles in macroeconomic evolution. Specifically, we focus on business cycles, financial cycles, energy demand cycles and even in climatic change.Some cycles are very regular and therefore easily predictable. The cycles we investigate represent a distinct challenge for research as they are irregular, that is they do not have fixed periods. In many instances studying the cycles is preferred to studying the original as this allows the following:• Data compression/reduction;• Data smoothing, noise reduction, blurring;• Analysis of cycles in many instances is more robust;• Assessing performance of an investor or trader;• Modelling of peaks and troughs;• Comparing cycles (e.g. for synchronisation analysis).In our investigations we used a wide range of techniques – from quite straightforward linear regression (including proposed double-linear or LL-model) to sophisticated hybrid models, combining multivariate regression with artificial neural networks (ANN).The following highlights are mentionable:• Introduction of the concept of axiomatic definition of persistence;• The role of the Hurst exponent in analysis of cycles;• Establishing the link between axiomatic persistence and the Hurst exponent;• New fast method for estimation of Hurst exponent;• Hierarchical optimal dating of cycles in time series;• Hierarchical estimation of time series models, including ANN estimation.For our research we used both real data related to the South African national economy and simulated data. Wolfram Mathematica was used as the principal research tool
Diagne, Souleymane Astou. "Institutions et développement économique : Asie de l'Est et du Sud-Est et Afrique Subsaharienne." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131029.
Full textThe importance of institutions in the economic development path was stressed since more than century by Schmoller, Veblen and Commons. Since the beginning of the eighties, there was like a coming out of intuitionalists’ optics to offset the shortcomings of the neoclassical one to explain the development policies failures, which were inspired by the neoclassical ideology. It’s in this context that appears the new institutional economics analysis, looking for including in the economic policies suggestions, a set of new indicators which didn’t belong to economics, like the political institutions (elections, democracy, constitution…). This thesis starts from a statement: the countries of Africa and those of Asian Eastern and Asian Southern-East started almost from the same level of economic development in the sixties. The thesis has, afterward, three objectives: understanding the analyses and the concepts of the institutional economics, searching, thank of a comparative study, the reasons which make the Asian countries much more developed than the African ones, and finally, checking the links between institutions and economic development with econometric and statistical methods. We have assumed that the institutional factors were behind the Asian countries economic success and then behind the economic development. Three main questions underlie the chapters of this work. Understanding how the institutional analysis was born, the definition of the concept “institution” and its derivatives concepts, the way with which the institutional switch acts and understanding the theoretical reach of the institutional economics toolbox. Answers to these questions assume an early knowledge of the mains institutional economics optics, of Veblen, Schmoller, Commons, North, Willamson, Greif and Rodrik
Zerbo, Adama. "Stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté et politiques de développement local au sud du Sahara : cas du Burkina-Faso." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40007.
Full textDiallo, Amadou Bassirou. "Four essays on the links between poverty, inequality and health with empirical application to developing countries : Africa compared to the rest of the world." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF10004.
Full textIn this dissertation, we are mainly interested in the interactions between poverty and one of its greatest dimensions, namely health. More specifically, we will focus on their inequalities: does poverty inequality have more effect on poverty that health level? Does health inequality matter to poverty? Poverty and health are two related concepts that both express human deprivations. Health is said to be one of the most important dimensions of poverty and vice-versa. That is, poverty implies poor health because of a low investment in health, a bed environment and sanitation and other living conditions due to poverty, a poor nutrition (thus, a greater risk of illness), a limited access to, and use of, health care, a lower health education and investment in health, etc. Conversely, poor health leads inevitably to poverty due to high opportunity costs occasioned by ill-health such as unemployment or limited employability (thus a loss of income and revenues), a lower productivity (due to loss of strength, skills and ability), a loss of motivation and energy (which lengthen the duration of job search), high health care expenditures (or catastrophic expenditures), etc. But what the degree of correlation and the direction of the causality between these two phenomena? Which causes which? This is a classic problem of simultaneity that gas become a great challenge for economists. Worst, each of these phenomena (health and poverty) has many dimensions
Zogo, Ekassi Alphonse. "La problématique du développement rural et la dynamique paysanne dans le contexte de la libéralisation économique en Afrique : le cas du Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40048.
Full textSani, Mahaman. "Secteur non enregistré et mobilisation fiscale dans les pays en développement (PED) : le cas des pays d'Afrique au sud du Sahara (PASS)." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356166.
Full textChauveau, Julien. "La multithérapie antirétrovirale comme bien systeme : implications pour l'accès aux soins du VIH/SIDA dans les pays du sud." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24020/document.
Full textAlthough human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cannot be cured, infection with HIV can be restrained by antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, the best existing option to suppress replication of the virus on a long term basis among treated patients. Action of each individual ARV molecule, by itself, is inadequate to suppress viral replication. To become "highly active", antiretroviral therapies (HAART) have to combine several complementary drugs which have to be consume together. Even if existing economic literature on pharmaceutical markets offers several valuable insights, the analysis of markets in drugs used against HIV infection must take into account the composite structure of treatment. Such specificity, inherent ARV therapy, can be analyzed through the economic concept of "system " goods. The thesis is based on two empirical researches which have been conducted in Brazil and in seven sub-saharan Africa countries with aim to study recent evolutions that occured on the international pharmaceutical market considering both individual molecule and ARV therapy as a whole. Standing at the crossroads between intellectual property rights, market structures, treatment cost and availability, lessons emerging from our researcg contribute to provide a better understanding of mechanisms impacting on ARV markets in Southern Countries as well as economic and public health debates raised by the issue of universal access to HIV treatment
Buga, Cristina. "Les politiques d'offset (compensation) : enjeux généraux et étude du cas de l'Afrique du Sud." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE003/document.
Full textOffsets arrangements in government procurement are discriminatory policy tools aimed at increasing local production. They reflect a transfer or a creation of new activities as a pre-condition to the validity of the purchasing contract. The governments use these mechanisms to encourage local development or to improve the balance-of-payments. In spite of the broad utilization of offset practices, they are relatively unknown and little described in academic literature. The goal of this thesis is to define, to explain and to assess the importance of these practices in the international trade and to provide a theoretical framework within which it will be possible to critically appraise the success of an offset policy (its effectiveness and efficiency) for host countries. In order to take into account the success factors for an offset policy, the relationship between the host country and the obligor as well as the result of this relationship is examined through the game theory approach. By applying this general framework to the study of South African Offset policy and more particularly to the evaluation of 121 civil offset projects provided between 1996 and 2012, under the Strategic Defense Package purchase we find the following results: at the conclusion of public procurement contracts, South-African offset projects hold out promises of important economic benefits for the country. Nevertheless, during the implementation process, many violations of rules and procedures decrease the positive impact of these projects and hinder their effectiveness. The lack of transparency in the negotiation process, the selection and the execution phase of offset projects show that South Africa did not obtain best value for public money. It is difficult to appraise global program efficiency because of lack of data and analysis problems. However the estimated impact remains positive
Dang, Hong Khanh. "La Francophonie et la coopération Vietnam - Afrique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3029.
Full textMy thesis addresses Vietnam’s request to enforce its cooperation with African countries, which at present is still modest despite its growing interest there. Vietnam finds itself in a context of accelerated globalization with the emergence of both capitalism and English language. On the international scene, new dynamics are observed, such as the strong economic growth of Southern countries like China, India and Brazil, and their remarkable cooperation with African countries. At the core of this process, what distinguishes Vietnam from other South-South cooperation is that it shares with Africa the Francophonie, a political and cultural organization gathering as of 2016, 80 States and governments who share French as a language.Their francophone bond was constructed through a common history linked to decolonization and to the fact of being both Third World countries. My work answers the following question: does Francophonie, as a cultural political construct, contribute to promote the cooperation between Vietnam and Africa, particularly in the economic sector? I use Max Weber and Jean Baeschler’s ideas on the origins of capitalism in order to demonstrate the potential and current reality of the Francophone element present in the cooperation between Vietnam and Africa before proposing Vietnam’s ‘Francophone’ strategy aiming at strengthening its role in Africa. The Vietnam-Africa cooperation may serve as a case study enabling to reflect on other francophone South-South cooperation
Rojas, Rojas Jose Alejandro. "Développement d'avantages concurrentiels dans les marchés des communications électroniques en Amérique du Sud : les cas de l'Argentine, le Brésil et le Chili." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E002/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to determine the presence of competitive advantages in Latin American Telecommunications markets. Most of major operators present in the region, including Telefónica and América Móvil, entered the market in favorable conditions when the industry was privatized in the early 1990s. In the past ten years markets have become more competitive due to changes inregulation. The analysis of the evolution of operators’ performances in this context allows to distinguish between those having actual competitive advantages and those having a strong market position thanks to their entry strategy. This thesis consists of five chapters. In chapters one and two we analyze the institutional context and the evolution of the telecommunications markets of each country. In chapter three, we determine that competition is characterized by facility-based entry in the three countries, which leads to disparities in terms of quality of service between operators. To determine if these disparities lead to competitive advantages, we test the presence of short and long-term relationships in the evolution of operators’ operating margins, and on stock market returns volatility. Our results indicate the presence of short term relationships in the evolution of operating margins, which suggests that differentiation is not strong enough to escape from competitive pressure. However, stock return volatility is higher among local operators than among multinational operators
Bawa, Anissou. "Mutations des périphéries urbaines au sud du Togo : des espaces ruraux à l'épreuve du peuplement et de la marchandisation des terres." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT077/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the transformation of suburban areas in the southern part of the republic of Togo, and in particular on the transformation of rural areas around cities. It’s based on multidisciplinary approach that take into consideration all questions on demography, land occupation, land selling and the perceptions of different actors involve in those areas. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to collect demographic and satellite data, and to formulate a database on land market. Also, a series of interviews of key individuals involved in land use plan and a quantitative survey of a large sample of farmers have been conducted.The results show that the economic, social and spatial transformations of suburban area of the city of Lomé is part of a general movement of strong population growth under way since the second half of the twentieth century and which is manifested both by the rapidly settlement and population growth of the localities themselves. Nearly 15 new localities appear every year in this small area and the number of localities with more than 1,000 inhabitants arose from 80 to 168 between 1970 and 2010. This intensification of settlement is both a cause and a consequence of the rapid sale of land. Three-quarters of land transfers are now monetized in this region. But this dynamic land market is still largely informal and unregulated by the government. In fact the rapid decrease of agricultural land is the main concern. Land acquisitions are indeed intended mainly to urbanization (66 %). Every year, a large proportion of agricultural land is converted to shelter: 26 % in the suburbs near the city of Lomé and 7 % in more remote peripheries, especially beyond 25 km. The vast majority of buyers (93 %) reside in nearby urban centers and these are often urban administrative managers (24 %). The supply of land for housing limited by the high demand mainly comes from two streams: the customary informal sector (77.5%), and the formal private sector (22.5%). If the customary sector allows households with low or medium incomes to access to land, it does not guarantee security of tenure and prices remain high relative to the purchasing power of the population. The structuring of these supply chains will be important to urbanization and settlement processes in order to contribute to more inclusive economic growth and shared prosperity and not a missed opportunity for agriculture.However, this land market, allows women – long marginalized by customary land tenure – access to land. Unlike men, women perceive urban growth as an opportunity for their farms and their land strategies aimed at maintaining suburban agriculture. Women become undoubtedly important players for the maintenance of agricultural activities in the suburban areas around African cities
Péjout, Nicolas. "Contrôle et contestation : sociologie des politiques et modes d'appropriation des technologies de l'information et de la communication en Afrique du Sud post-apartheid." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0116.
Full textPost-apartheid South Africa is deeply ambivalent, combining, on the one hand, strong dynamics of domination, control and reproduction of power relations and structures and, on the other hand, movements that contest these dynamics and foster social change or social dis-order in favor of the dominated population. This articulation of control and contest is more and more using information and communication technologies (ICTs). Based on a sociological, economic and political analysis, covering the last semi-century, the main conclusion of the dissertation is as follows : in the way ICTs are promoted, used and developed through the policies and modes of appropriation deployed by South Africans and though the potential of ICTs is equal for control and for contest, these technologies are supporting the former rather than the latter, until now, given the diffusion of ICTs within the South African society
Favre, Guillaume. "Des rencontres dans la mondialisation : réseaux et apprentissages dans un salon de distribution de programmes de télévision en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090045/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we analyze the social construction of a market of TV programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the study of a trade fair where buyers (TV channels, distribution intermediaries) and sellers of TV programs (studios, distributors and independent producers) can meet, negotiate, discuss, and close deals, we try to understand how this event participates in the transformation of the ways in which TV programs were “exchanged” in Africa and in the integration of the African TV programs market into the global one. TV programs distribution at the global level has long been considered to be a market. But until recently in Sub-Saharan Africa, TV channels used to acquire programs “for free” through diverse ways. Political, economic and technical evolutions have slowly transformed this sector into a market. The trade fair under examination in this research plays a central role in this evolution because it is the first to bring together the microcosm of this industry. We studied this event for three years and ran three surveys in order to collect social network data and analyze informal information exchange networks between attendees of the events. We study how trade fairs attendees learn from each other and define, select and share market values, norms and rules
Schers, Jules. "Economic growth, unemployment and skills in South Africa : An Analysis of different recycling schemes of carbon tax revenue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA039/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis gives a numerical illustration of how a carbon tax affects South African GDP, employment, CO2 emissions and socio-economic inequality. It uses a “hybrid” computable general equilibrium model of an open economy in a one-step projection from 2005 to 2035. It models second-best economies, notably skill-related rigidities in the labour market and in production of electricity. Seven scenarios for recycling of carbon tax revenue are analysed, plus an option to invest a part of tax revenue in improvement of skills of labour.The analysis shows that under conventional assumptions about technological change, a carbon tax of around 100 ZAR2005 (18 USD2013) per tonne of CO2 will have little negative consequences for GDP and employment, when combined with the right type of tax revenue recycling: Labour subsidies and company profit tax reduction likely lead to the best macro-economic outcomes, though do not reduce inequality. Additional measures are needed to reduce “energy poverty”. To achieve South Africa’s NDC of the Paris Agreement, a carbon tax rate of around 300 ZAR2005 or 55 USD2013 per tonne of CO2 is necessary. However, this could have serious impacts on GDP growth. Also, without a change in the trend of increasing labour productivity, such lower GDP will lead to higher unemployment than in the reference case. An investment in skills of 7.5 billion ZAR2005 of annual Ctax revenue, with the objective of increasing access to high quality education and reducing the high skill labour shortage, if fond to have a very positive impact on GDP growth. However better calibration data is required.The findings of this PhD thesis furthermore call for thorough examination of what type of technological change could be expected for South Africa. Technological progress, consumer preferences and international circumstances limit the economy’s capacity to restructure and decarbonise and therefore to reduce negative consequences of carbon taxation for GDP growth. Proper assessment of future technological change is relevant for all sectors and inputs. Examples are given which show that energy and materials efficiency have an important role for future GDP growth under carbon constraints, because they determine the economy’s flexibility to reduce energy consumption and to substitute it, e.g. by labour. This finding normally holds not only for South Africa, but also for the rest of the world. These results also imply that international climate policy has to address technology transfer and the different potentials of national economies to decarbonise seriously
Diep, Qué Anh. "Le Viet-Nam : à la recherche de son intégration dans l'économie mondiale." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0044.
Full textMonnet, Rodolphe. "La politique extérieure de l'Inde en Afrique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB025.
Full textSince 2001 and the reshuffling of the balance of power, India has become one of the influential actors in an increasingly multipolar international context. The current groundswells are reshuffling powers between Nations in shaping new alliances and new power games. India is, more than ever, involved in this trend since the current Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, came to power in 2014. He conducts an ambitious foreign policy as a means to make his country a global and respected power. The context of the issue detailed in this document is: to what extent does Africa's place in India's foreign policy enables India to reach this status of power? This thesis investigates the following three themes: Firstly, the Indian Ocean's place in the Indo-African relationship should reflect Africa's role in India's will to make the Indian Ocean region a peaceful and secured space in which India is a decisive player in front of powerful and heterogeneous political actors. Secondly, this thesis focuses on assessing Africa's role in India's initiatives to be an influential player on politics on the international agenda through international bodies, its bilateral relations with African states and the Indian diaspora settled down in these countries. Thirdly, India's search for that particular status goes through the economic area and the assessment of India's economic footprint in Africa to better establish its influence on that Continent. This study tries to shed the light on India's foreign policy while the United States are reassessing their involvement in the Indian Ocean, and while China is setting up its "One Belt, One Road" and India and Japan have just come together to propose a new partnership to Africa
Djoumoi, Mohamed. "Plausibilité de la couverture boursière des prix des denrées de l'Océan Indien." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10048.
Full textEncontre, Pierre. "Détermination du taux de change d'équilibre en économie sous-développée : application à huit pays d'Afrique centrale." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D030.
Full textPremchit, Walliya. "The economic effects of ASEAN integration : three empirical contributions from the perspective of the new economic geography." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB017/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns three studies on the impact of ASEAN trade integration and investment liberalization following empirical research agenda of the new economic geography (NEG). Empirical strategies deal with measuring trade costs, market access and the estimation of modern gravity models. The first study evaluates trade integration progress in ASEAN and its impact on export performance with help of trade costs and market access indicators. The second study examines how improved market access, though deepening trade liberalization, can impact regional inequality. The third study investigates the impact of investment agreement on FDI attractiveness of the ASEAN countries. The results help shed light on potential benefits and challenges ahead of the upcoming ASEAN Economic Community at the end of 2015
Gintzburger, Anne-Sophie. "Qui dit le droit ? Etude comparée des systèmes d'autorité dans l'industrie des services financiers islamiques. Une analyse comparée des modes d'autorité en finance islamique en Asie du Sud-est, au sein des pays arabes du Conseil de Coopération du Golfe, en Asie du Sud." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0823.
Full textThe three monotheistic religions refer to a God who is the all-powerful creator of all that exists, revealed throughout history, guarantor of justice and fairness, who is the ultimate moral authority. Theology advises some of the laws, economics and ethics of individuals and of states. Islam is not homogeneous in its economic, financial and regulatory approaches. However, through the financial services industry, it reveals in a tangible manner various facets of authority across Muslim contexts. These include contexts that are international and highly dynamic. Taking into account the delicate balance between sectarian, geographic and interpretive facets, the thesis analyses the determining forces that we refer to as authorities in Islamic finance. These contribute to the Islamic finance industry in its most tangible form in the structuring of Islamic financial products. Analysis is carried out initially theoretically. It is followed by a comparative study of factors affecting decisions pertaining to the structuring of Islamic financial products. These structures are based on financial contracts that conform to the principles of the Sharia. Is approval by Sharia board members fashioned by a regional authority, by international authorities, or by regulatory authorities? Are these authorities conventional or religious? We address the question as it pertains to the dynamics between various types of authority. We develop a comparative analysis of the approach taken in structuring Islamic financial products, according to geographical areas related to a sample of 121 Sharia board members covering Islamic financial products for 243 Islamic financial institutions in 35 countries
Gomis, François. "Les nouveaux défis et enjeux de la politique étrangère de la France en Afrique francophone subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D020.
Full textFrom 1960s to the end of the cold war, even beyond, the influence even the supremacy of France in the French-speaking territories in Sub-Saharan Africa is almost total. However, in this 21st century, the world competition in the research of new markets and the security of the energy supply leads inexorably the great powers to enter in “conflict of interests” by the mutual penetration of the “back-yards”. This is particularly true for France which has countries such as the United States, China, India, Brazil, Turkey, the Gulf Arab States, etc., to make a dramatic entrance in a geographical area where she judged it for a long time as her “exclusive domain” considering the historical, linguistic and political links. These new challenges and issues for the African policy of France are measured from now on, in the light of the transformations at work in the world with the globalization and the emergence of new powers of the South. The challenges and the issues are important for the external action of France and its place in the World, considering the fierce competition between new stakeholders and the ongoing African society changes. Nevertheless it still has economic, diplomatic and strategic assets which enable him to elaborate, thanks to the francophone cultural center, an original project, ambitious and promising. With this aim in mind, it will be necessary to answer to the two following questions: How to reform this traditional policy based on close and privileged relationships with African leaders without compromising, however, the comparative advantages of France on the spot? Which political strategy has to be implemented in order to identify the real common interests of the French and the French-speaking Africans, by taking into account the opportunities and threats, and to develop them in a mutually beneficial partnership?
De, Banes Gardonne Pauline. "The financialization of the South Korean political economy since 1997 : multi-level analysis of accumulation regime change." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH150.
Full textThis thesis examines the financialization of the accumulation regime in South Korea since the 1997 Asian crisis based on three inter-related transformations: macroeconomic and institutional changes under the neoliberal restructuring; the growing integration of firms into financial and trade markets; the restructuring of the role of the state under the drive to promote technology-intensive sectors. Building upon regulation theory and post-Keynesian economics, the analysis considers several levels—macroeconomic, institutional and political, and different scales—local, national, transnational. The thesis discusses the determining drivers and the conduits of the financialization of the South Korean political economy and the local characteristics of this global process, conceptualized as intrinsically uneven and hierarchical • Chapter 1 From industrialization to financialization analyzes the joint transformation of the macroeconomic trend, institutional change, and political change since industrialization. Based on the estimation of the demand regime(s) from 1980 to 2015, it is highlighted that the finance-dominated accumulation regime that has emerged after the 1997 Asian crisis is consumption driven and profit led. • Chapter 2 Financialization along value chains investigates the slowdown of accumulation of South Korean manufacturing firms by assessing the impact of three channels, the crowding out of fixed investment by financial investment, the financial burden of increasing payments to financial markets, and the modes of insertion to global value chains (GVCs). A dynamic panel model of an investment function is estimated on firm-level data (1990–2015). The results show that the impact of financialization channels depends on the modalities of firms’ insertion into GVCs. • Chapter 3 The uneven impact of financialization on state capacities examines the institutional and organizational transformations of the state associated with the financialization process. Based on semi-structured interviews in the start-up ecosystem, the layering mechanism of gradual institutional change within the state innovation bureaucracy is identified. The results outline a complex picture of the financialization of the state with the combination of the uneven diffusion of financialized reasoning in the innovation bureaucracy via entrepreneurship policies and the localized power shift from bureaucrats to private financiers
Rospabé, Philippe. "La monnaie et l'échange dans les sociétés sauvages." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010006.
Full textMost of economic and anthropological theories considered the so-called primitive moneys as archaic antecedents of modern money. In this thesis we try to show that valuables given in savage societies abey another logic that one which governs exchange of commodities. Returning to facts given by ethnologists in africa and melanesia, we show that these "moneys" are in fact substitute of life which binds their givers to give back a life for the life they took. It is the case with the bridewealth payed by wife-takers who so pledge themeselves to give back a bride so she can bring life in turn. The blood-payments bear out this interpretation because properties given to the victim's group aim to serve as substitute for the life taken by violence. Ceremonial exchanges which appear as gifts-counter-gifts use the same animals (cattle in Africa, pigs in Melanesia) and objects like shells or feathers. Born of war, they work to repeat the alliance beetween groups, alliance which shapes en mariage. It is then possible to understand bride wealth as archetype of gift. As regard to trade, it affects at first valuables and it takes form of ceremonial exchanges beetween exchange partners who renew their friendship that way
Sawadogo, Relwendé. "Essais sur les déterminants et les conséquences macroéconomiques du développement du secteur d’assurance dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10493/document.
Full textThis thesis is composed of a set of research in applied economics that enroll in the contemporary field of economics of insurance. The thesis analyses how developing countries could develop more the insurance sector and benefit from these effects on local economy. The first part explored the determinants of insurance development from a macroeconomic perspective. First, the results show that increase of income per capita leads to an increase in life insurance premiums and that life insurance is a luxury commodity in Sub-Saharan Africa (chapter 2). We also find evidence that the marginal impact of income varies according to the quality of legal and political environment. Second, analysis of effect of the FDI inflows shows that these are a key factor in increase of non-life insurance premiums in countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and in other developing countries (chapter 3). In chapter 4, the results highlighted that the activities of life insurance and banking are substitutable in SSA and, however, there is presence of unidirectional causality running from real private credit density to life insurance and insurance density. The second part of the thesis has analysed effect of development of insurance sector on economy in developing countries. First, it appears that the development of life insurance has a positive effect on economic growth on the one hand and on the other hand marginal effect of life insurance is influenced by the structural characteristics of countries (chapter 5). In chapter 6, the results showed that the insurance premiums significantly increase stock market value traded, before as well and after the 2007's economic crisis. Finally, the thesis showed that there is a long term relationship between the development of non-life insurance and trade openness and that non-life insurance premiums improve openness to international trade as well in developing countries than specifically in low and middle income countries (chapter 7)
Längle, Katharina Birgitta. "Three essays on international trade and globalization." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E055.
Full textThis doctoral thesis revolves around the analysis of international trade in the context of ongoing globalization. Chapter 1 sheds light on the question how offshoring affects low skilled workers in high income countries. By considering the use of foreign production factors in domestic production, the paper shows that low skilled workers are directly and negatively affected by offshoring of low skill intensive tasks. Importantly, the thesis determines a further indirect channel suggesting that low skilled workers might be negatively affected by skill intensive investments in response to tougher foreign competition in value chains of domestic downstream clients. Chapter 2 focuses on the question how trade agreements help middle income countries to integrate in value chains of complex goods produced by high income economies. In this context, it turns out that additional contract clauses related to competition, services, investments and public procurement have ambiguous effects on the extensive and intensive trade margin of complex products. While contract clauses on competition, services and investments positively influence the intensive margin, they are limiting the extensive margin. Inversely, contract clauses on public procurement are found to positively influence the extensive margin, while harming the intensive margin of complex products. Chapter 3 is a joint work with Falilou Fall and Andre Steenkamp. Using data on South African firms, the third chapter shows that South African exporters shift their product mix towards their core product portfolio when there is a positive demand shock at their export destination. Based on this finding, we show that trade policy interventions at destination countries magnify these within-firm adjustments and that these adjustments ultimately lead to a slight productivity increase at the aggregated firm level
Viau, Laurent. "Comment comprendre l'articulation entre économique et politique dans le processus d'intégration régionale du Mercosur?" Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5503/1/M13068.pdf.
Full textTouré, Fodé Saliou. "La coopération de l'Afrique avec les pays "BRICS" : une troisième voie pour le développement de l'Afrique?" Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5608/1/M12878.pdf.
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