Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economie des pêches'
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Lagarde, Adrien. "Économie écologique pour une soutenabilité et résilience écosystémique des pêches face aux changements globaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0214.
Full textAchieving the various objectives of sustainable development, including notably the conservation of the oceans and a sustainable use of fishery resources constitutes a challenge for industrial and artisanal fisheries around the world. Global changes, which affect the ecological and economic dynamics of marine and coastal ecosystems, significantly complicate the achievement of these objectives. By taking into account ecological, economic and social criteria linked respectively to the maintenance of fishery biodiversity, the economic viability of fisheries and food security, this thesis aims at identifying fishing management strategies allowing to ensure the sustainability and resilience of marine fisheries.The research is based on two case studies: the industrial fisheries of the Bay of Biscay and the small coastal coral fisheries of French Polynesia. Several ecological-economic models are developed and calibrated. Dynamic, spatially explicit, multi-fleet, multi-species and stochastic, these models take into account the complexity of the interactions specific to the socio-ecosystems studied, while being part of the family of models of intermediate complexity for ecosystem-based fisheries management. The model parameters are calibrated using both local data relating to the two case studies, and climatic data. The choice of fishing effort as a system control variable takes into account the relative flexibility and diversity of regulatory tools specific to the management systems studied. Particular attention is paid to the multi-species fishing strategies that are the Multi-Species Maximum Economic Yield (MMEY), the Multi-Species Maximum Sustainable Yield (MMSY) or Eco-viability. The strategies, scenarios and projections derived from the models are compared using ecological and economic criteria of sustainability, resilience and viability such as maintaining the profits of the fishing activity over time, maintaining the food production on which island and coastal populations depend and the conservation of ecological functions and biodiversity.Beyond the models, fishing strategies and scenarios constructed for the 2 case studies, this thesis presents a series of important transversal results: first, the analysis highlights the need for temporal, spatial, by species and by type of fishing reallocation of fishing efforts for the sustainability and resilience of marine fisheries. More concretely and precisely, this research shows that a strategy of temporal, spatial, fleet (type of fishing) and targeted species diversification, can promote the sustainability and resilience of the whole fishing system in the face of uncertainties and complexity. The MMEY, MMSY and Eco-viability stochastic strategies appear particularly relevant in this perspective. Thus a better flexibility of fishing fleets, which would depend on global uncertainties and would be function of the ecological and economic context, would support the viability and resilience of fisheries, both artisanal and industrial. In general, these different results highlight the importance of embedding the ecosystem approach within an ecological-economic perspective and the need to plan the development of fisheries through a multi-criteria, adaptive and resilient management in order to minimize future risks
Revéret, Jean-Pierre. "La gestion des pêcheries de poisson de fond de l'Atlantique du Nord-Ouest de 1949 à 1984 : une perspective bio-économique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D020.
Full textNam, Samba. "Societe et economie de la peche maritime au senegal." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20070.
Full textSenegalese economy is stiffled by the fimsiness of its food cover and the competitive action on pea nut and phosphate on the international market-however the senegalese coast is abounding in fish and its fishing activity is a strong one. This activity which supplies the country with food also creates employment and secures foreign currency. Two different types of fishing can be found : - artisanal fishing is organised by fishermen communities of sea culture and tradition who are settled along the coast. Its purpose is to answer domestic needs. - industrial fishing - based in dakar - must lead to setting the balance of trade. - fishermen, government, senegalese society and economy are all highly concerned by fishing
Monfort, Francisco. "Le secteur de la pêche au Mexique: une analyse sociologique de son développement." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213211.
Full textStilwell, Jonathan. "Sustainable development and the governance of fisheries frequented by heterogeneous user groups : a political economy perspective on the case of European Union participation in the Senegalese marine fishery." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS003S.
Full textThis thesis addresses questions surrounding the governance of marine fisheries frequented by heterogeneous sets of user groups, from a political economy point of view. A review of relevant theory explores some of the characteristics of political and economic aspects to economic governance decisions, as well as how the relationships between these two facets can be seen to impact upon governance decision processes. This review of theory permits an observation that the governance of economic activities is frequently closely influenced by the pursuit of short term micro rational interests, rather than by a long term macro rational ethic. This, it is argued, results in part from a lack of information that is capable of illustrating the long run implications of economic decisions that may be based primarily on the pursuit of short term financial or in some cases political gain. In an attempt to find a framework that is capable of providing macro rational policy orientation to such governance processes, sustainable development is reviewed as a concept, and is found to be capable of providing policy orientation that accords with the pursuit of a more macro rational ethic. Subsequently, a multi criterion analysis methodology is developed in the thesis in a view to describing the sustainable development implications, accounting for economic and non economic implications, of economic policy choices. The methodology offered is named the Sustainable Development Directives (SDD) approach, and is applied to the case of the governance of the Senegalese maritime fishery. As a starting point the case study provides significant contextual background to the governance situation faced in the Senegalese fishery, which is frequented by a heterogeneous set of user groups. Among these groups are a local artisanal sector, a local industrial sector, and a foreign European Union (EU) sector. The application of the SDD approach to the case study entails an evaluation that permits us to compare some of the economic and non economic implications that the activities of each user group have for the sustainable development of the Senegalese maritime fishery. The application of the SDD approach to the case study leads to an observation that the heterogeneity of the user groups frequenting the fishery can be capitalised upon to a greater extent for the benefit of the sustainable development of the fishery
Guyader, Olivier. "Dynamiques d'exploitation et conditions d'évolution de la rente dans les pêches maritimes françaises." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450702.
Full textTromeur, Eric. "Concilier enjeux écologiques et économiques pour une gestion écosystémique des pêches." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS409.
Full textOverfishing affects the structures and dynamics of many marine ecosystems, as well as the associated ecosystem services. To tackle this issue, many scientists and managers are calling for an ecosystem-based fisheries management, integrating the complexity of harvested ecosystems, and based on ecological and economic sustainability objectives. In that perspective, our aim is to build an ecosystem approach to fisheries management, reconciling biodiversity and resilience preservation with the maintenance of high yields and profits. To this aim, we develop bio-economic models of mixed fisheries, composed of species that are either independent or in trophic interactions. We show that maximizing the aggregate catches or profits of a mixed fishery can threaten the biodiversity and resilience of harvested ecosystems, but that economic instruments can address these issues. In uncertain systems, risk aversion also helps reconciling constrasting management goals. We then apply multi-objective management approaches to identify the best strategies from an ecological and economic point of view. Chosen strategies depend on managers' preferences: favoring production implies to focus harvest on small trophic levels, while favoring biodiversity or resilience implies to focus on higher trophic levels. We therefore suggest that diversified fishing patterns could allow reconciling ecological with economic objectives, in order to achieve a sustainable ecosystem approach to fisheries management
Le, Floc'H Pascal. "La mesure des performances économiques des entreprises de pêche." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440969.
Full textSaucier, Ginette. "Les pratiques endogènes de développement: Le cas de la pêche à l'ile Maurice." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22337.
Full textSteinmetz, Fabien. "Les déterminants de la trajectoire économique d'une pêcherie complexe : cas de la pêche française dans le golfe de Gascogne." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491849.
Full textMacher, Claire. "Productions jointes et mesures de gestion des pêcheries mixtes : application à la pêcherie chalutière langoustinière du golfe de Gascogne." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361589.
Full textVorenger, Justine. "L’exploitation des faunes marines à Qal’at al-Bahreïn (île de Bahreïn, Golfe persique), du Bronze Ancien à l’époque islamique : Etude diachronique et comparaison avec les sites du Golfe." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2030/document.
Full textLocated on the island of Bahrain, the tell of Qal’at al-Bahrain was a main port occupying a strategic geographical position, in the middle of the Persian Gulf, between the Middle East and the rest of the Asian continent. Thanks to its coastal position, the site played during several millenia (from the 3rd millenium BC, until the 17th century AD), an important commercial and maritime role, between Mesopotamia, the Iranian and Arab coasts, Oman, the Indian sub-continent or the Far East.Excavated since nearly sixty years, this coastal settlement offers to the archaeologists an exceptional, unique stratigraphy in the Arabian Peninsula, which extends from the Early Dilmun (c. 2200 BC) to the Middle Islamic period (c. 13-16th centuries AD), and provides the opportunity to study and compare the successive occupations at the site. Beyond this regional reference status, Qal’at al-Bahrain presents by its monuments (residential, administrative, commercial, religious and military) a true testimony of the historical development of Dilmun, the most important culture of the ancient Gulf.The numerous architectural vestiges are associated with a diversified archaeological equipment (ceramic, metal, figurative art, inscriptions, seals, vegetal and faunal macro-remains, including a large number of fish remains). The present study is devoted to the fish remains unearthed during the various excavation seasons led by the French archaeological mission, from 1989 to 1996, then from 2000 to 2004, and completed by the results gathered at the time of the Danish excavations, carried out since the 1950s. The bone material, which is abundant and quite well preserved, allows a diachronic study of this sample.The determination of the fish bones reveals a constant spectrum of four families throughout the occupation of the site: Serranidae (groupers), Carangidae (carangues), Sparidae (seabream) and Lethrinidae (emperors). Their importance varies within each occupation and it is then interesting to note the correlation between the consumed species and the inhabitants of the site.If the Early Dilmun period shows a rather diversified spectrum, the arrival of the Kassites on the island (c. 1450 BC) suggests a much more directed fishing activity, with the capture of the emperors. It seems that there is a preference for this family. The following periods show again a more diversified spectrum, which increased at the time of the spread of Islam on the island. The consumed species approach those marketed then nowadays. This large variety is linked with a reduction in the sizes of the fishes, which can be explained by a new fishing territory and the capture of new species to diversify the fish consumption.In spite of these notable differences during occupations which can rely on the inhabitants and their food preference, it appears that the successive populations of Qal’at al-Bahrain exploited intensely the coastal resources and had a perfect knowledge of the marine environment and behaviours of the captured species
Bellanger, Manuel. "Modélisation de mécanismes institutionnels et impacts bio-économiques de systèmes de gestion de quotas : application à la pêcherie de sole du golfe de Gascogne." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0037/document.
Full textIn France, where fishing rights are non-transferable, the management of fishing quotas is essentially delegated to producer organizations (POs). POs are granted collective allocations based on the aggregate fishing rights of their members and are then responsible for managing their fishing opportunities. The goal of this research, which contains theoretical developments as well as empirical analyses applied to the Bay of Biscay sole fishery, is to determine how outcomes of fisheries management are altered by the presence of POs within institutions as compared to alternative governance systems such as individual transferable quotas (ITQs). This dissertation notably brings together bio-economic approaches and institutional analyses to better anticipate the ecological, economic and social impacts of potential governance options. The research questions are the following: (1) What mechanisms could ensure a high level of compliance and what are the potential gains of placing the POs between the regulator and the fishermen? (2) What are the distributional effects of catch share management by POs? (3) What is the added value of integrating institutional arrangements involving POs into bio-economic modelling for the impact assessment of catch share management options? The analyses that were developed establish the ability of institutional design to influence outcomes in catch share systems in terms of compliance, distribution, and ecological-socioeconomic trade-offs achieved by alternative management options
Ekouala, Landry. "Le développement durable et le secteur des pêches et de l'aquaculture au Gabon : une étude de la gestion durable des ressources halieutiques et leur écosystème dans les provinces de l'Estuaire et de l'Ogooué Maritime." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840968.
Full textCoudert, Lucie. "La place de la pêche pendant l'Holocène de la vallée du Rift au Sahel occidental." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20024.
Full textIn the 1970s, J.E.G. Sutton suggested the emergence, from the 8th millennium BC, and throughout the Sahel-Saharan belt and the Nile basin, of a large aqualithic cultural group, characterised by certain ceramic decorations, barbed bone point, and a fishing economy. This, by allowing a sedentary way of life, would have been an alternative to food production, but would eventually have collapsed, mainly because of the aridification of the climate. On the contrary, for J.D. Clark, a specialised economy on a highly predictable resource could have been a step in the neolithization process. This study proposes to test the hypotheses of J.E.G. Sutton from an economic point of view and to characterise the importance of fishing depending on the environmental, techno-cultural and socio-economic contexts of the Holocene, from the Rift Valley to the Western Sahel, through the study of four main sites located at the core and in the immediate periphery of the J.E.G. Sutton aqualithic range. This corpus, compared to other Holocene contexts in the Rift Valley, the Nile basin and the Sahelo- Saharan zone, has made it possible to highlight the fact that a fishery-based economy is the preserve neither a single techno-cultural complex, nor a single geographical area, nor a climatic period, nor, finally, a socio-economic complex. This type of economic model turned to rivers and lakes existed at different times and coexisted with other models, more focused on hunting, on livestock, or on a more mixed exploitation of these different resources. In some case, it has probably been a strong cultural marker, but in societies very far geographically, chronologically and culturally, from Early Khartoum and Kansyore fishers to, perhaps, those of the historic kingdoms of West Africa
Le, Gouvello Raphaëla. "L'économie circulaire appliquée à un système socio-écologique halio-alimentaire localisé : caractérisation, évaluation, opportunités et défis." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0019/document.
Full textThe years 2000 have favored the emergence of "Circular Economy" (CE) in the public debate, as opposed to the "linear economy", the dominant model that led to acknowledged economie and ecological limits. Our work is a first attempt to address the CE to a fishery-dependent socio-ecological System, the Cornouaille region in Brittany. The approach is systemic, multidimensional and dynamic. It implies the identification of marine boundaries, in which only Coastal fisheries are considered as a local production. The analysis is conducted along three main axes: an analysis of the upstream part at sea (fishing), an analysis looking at the downstream value chain, on land, and a third looking at the whole System. First, a Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) analysis adapted to fisheries is proposed as a relevant tool to improve economy and environmental performance of fishers, providing evidence of hidden costs of fish discards.Second, the fish bioresource flow analysis indicates a strong dependency on importation and exportation flows to maintain land-based activities depending on sea products, albeit evidence of a significant contribution of Coastal fisheries to the local economy. Third, the exploration of the sardine sub-system through scenarii, ranging between from "business as usual" to those lined with CE, shows an alternative development trajectory, based upon a potential "basket of goods and services", a "territorial value", specifically linked to local fisheries. To achieve such a sustainable CE, we would need to not only aim at a more efficient use of local marine resources and decrease negative externalities, but also advocate for a shared governance, suited to the scale of the considered localised socio-ecological System
Frésard, Marjolaine. "Analyse économique du contrôle d'une invasion biologique. Modélisation théorique et application à la pêcherie de coquille Saint-Jacques de la baie de Saint-Brieuc envahie par la crépidule." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366213.
Full textGourguet, Sophie. "Viabilité biologique et économique pour la gestion durable de pêcheries mixtes." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0060/document.
Full textEmpirical evidence and the theoretical literature both point to stock sustainability and the protection of marine biodiversity as important fisheries management issues. Decision-support tools are increasingly required to operationalize the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. These tools need to integrate (i) ecological and socio-economic drivers of changes in fisheries and ecosystems; (ii) complex dynamics; (iii) deal with various sources of uncertainty; and (iv) incorporate multiple, rather than single objectives. The stochastic co-viability approach addresses the trade-offs associated with balancing ecological, economic and social objectives throughout time, and takes into account the complexity and uncertainty of the dynamic interactions which characterize exploited ecosystems and biodiversity. This thesis proposes an application of this co-viability approach to the sustainable management of mixed fisheries, using two contrasting case studies: the French Bay of Biscay (BoB) demersal mixed fishery and the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF). Both fisheries entail direct and indirect impacts on mixed species communities while also generating large economic returns. Their sustainability is therefore a major societal concern. A dynamic bio-economic modelling approach is used to capture the key biological and economic processes governing these fisheries, combining age- (BoB) or size- (NPF) structured models of multiple species with recruitment uncertainty, and multiple fleets (BoB) or fishing strategies (NPF). Economic uncertainties relating to input and output prices are also considered. The bioeconomic models are used to investigate how the fisheries can operate within a set of constraints relating to the preservation of Spawning Stock Biomasses (BoB) or Spawning Stock Size Indices (NPF) of a set of key target species, maintenance of the economic profitability of various fleets (BoB) or the fishery as a whole (NPF), and limitation of fishing impacts on the broader biodiversity (NPF), under a range of alternative scenarios and management strategies. Results suggest that under a status quo strategy both fisheries can be considered as biologically sustainable, while socio-economically (and ecologically in the NPF case) at risk. Despite very different management contexts and objectives, viable management strategies suggest a reduction in the number of vessels in both cases. The BoB simulations allow comparison of the trade-offs associated with different allocations of this decrease across fleets. Notably, co-viability management strategies entail a more equitable allocation of effort reductions compared to strategies aiming at maximizing economic yield. In the NPF, species catch diversification strategies are shown to perform well in controlling the levels of economic risk, by contrast with more specialized fishing strategies. Furthermore analyses emphasize the importance to the fishing industry of balancing global economic performance with inter-annual economic variability. Promising future developments based on this research involve the incorporation of a broader set of objectives including social dimensions, as well as the integration of ecological interactions, to better address the needs of ecosystem-based approaches to the sustainable harvesting of marine biodiversity
Chiambretto, Anne-Sarah. "Approches volontaires et régulation environnementale : une perspective normative." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2012.
Full textThis dissertation consists of three essays on the specific incentive structure that underlies regulation contexts in which the agents generating an environmental externality self-regulate in order to preempt the enforcement of a mandatory policy by a regulatory agency. The three essays take a normative perspective, i.e. investigate the way the regulatory agency may induce efficient proactive behavior by the mean of purposely designed threat and announcement effects. Such mechanisms fall under the common denomination of 'collective voluntary-threat policies' (CVTP). The three essays' results focus on the threat, formalized as a unit tax that is said to be implemented by the regulator if the environmental target is not reached voluntarily : first in a two-stage and static emission game (first essay) ; then in a differential extraction game (second essay) ; finally in a general participation game to the CVTP (third essay). In each framework, the tax is considered as endogenous, and thereby, the CVTP being studied as part of the Incentive-Based Regulatory Approaches
Mbarek, Marouene. "Evaluation économique des aires marines protégées : apports méthodologiques et applications aux îles Kuriat (Tunisie)." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0033/document.
Full textThe protection of marine natural resources is a major challenge for policy makers. The recent development of marine protected areas (MPAs) contributes to the preservation issues. MPAs are aimed to preserve the marine and coastal ecosystems while promoting human activities. The complexity of these objectives makes them difficult to reach. The purpose of this work is to conduct an ex-ante analysis of a proposed MPA to Kuriat Islands (Tunisia). This analysis is an aid to decision makers for better governance by integrating the actors involved (fisherman, visitor, boater) in the management process. To do this, we use the contingent valuation method (CVM) to samples of fishermen and visitors to the islands Kuriat. We are interested in the treatment of selection and sampling bias and uncertainty about specifying econometric models during the implementation of the CVM. We use the model HeckitBMA, which is a combination of the Heckman model (1979) and Bayesian inference, to calculate the willingness to accept of fishermen. We also use the model Zero inflated ordered probit (ZIOP), which is a combination of a binary probit with an ordered probit, to calculate the willingness to pay of visitors after correcting the sample by multiple imputation. Our results show that groups of actors are distinguished by their activity and economic conditions that cause them to have different perceptions. This allows policy makers to develop a policy of compensation to compensate the players who have been harmed
Barreiro, Argüelles Saraí. "Ciudadanos del Atlántico : las redes de aprovisionamiento trasatlánticas de las pescas vascas en Canadá a través de su cerámica, siglos XVI-XVIII." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12445.
Full textSince the 1980s, archaeologists have remarked the originality of the ceramic collections found on sites occupied by Basque fishermen during the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries on the Atlantic coasts of Canada. The site of Red Bay (Labrador) was the first to provide a rich collection of common coarse earthenware, stoneware and majolica that allowed archaeologists to recognise a distinctive pottery tradition. For over two centuries, these ceramics form a continuous thread of materials showing the permanence of Basque commercial activities in Canada. Using a mutualistic and comparative approach to four Basque fishing sites – Red Bay (1530-1580), Anse-à-la-Cave (1580-1630), Petit-Mécatina (1630-1713), Pabos (1713-1760) – and their outfitting ports in Atlantic Europe, we will observe how this mid-sixteenth century ceramic collection was transformed from one place to another without losing its distinctive nature until the early eighteenth century, when the Basque ceramic record changes radically. Finally, through a global perspective that links the two Atlantic shores by way of these ceramic materials, we discover the supply networks for the Basque fishery, and the complex economic space that articulated its maritime and continental routes, two elements that are key to understanding the European overseas expansion and its configuration within the world economy of the early modern era.