Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie du développement – Afrique occidentale'
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Prao, Yao Séraphin. "La dimension monétaire du développement : une application à deux pays de l'UEMOA : la Côte d'Ivoire et le Sénégal." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21011.
Full textThis thesis examines the monetary dimension in the development process in Africa. Considering the case of two countries belonging to the Western African Economic and Monetary Union (known as UEMOA in French), Ivory Coast and Senegal, it shows that African countries have based their development strategies on policies that did not take into account the real importance of money and therefore of the banks in the development process. Taking as starting point of the study the theory of financial liberalization was essential for us to situate the context of the monetary policies of African countries. The first part of our research will focus on understanding the theory of McKinnon (1973). Once the internal coherence of his theory is studied, it appears that at the theoretical level, the monetary aspect is not valued because McKinnon's implicit monetary theory is the quantitative theory that considers money as a simple veil in transactions. The second part of our thesis will put an emphasis on the study of monetary financing of investment in a Keynesian and post-keynesian way of thinking. In defining monetary dimension as the ability of banks to create money while relying on a repayment promise, to finance an economic activity or just a project, our research shows that this aspect has been neglected in Africa. An inspired post-keynesian model is proposed to reflect the money aspect in financing development in Africa. We do hope that this thesis will contribute to an open debate on the role of money in the development process in Africa
Sow, Fanta. "Les stratégies de développement de la filière du miel en milieu rural du Sénégal, Guinée, Mali." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010667.
Full textMorcillo, Sarah. "Corruption et développement : une analyse microéconomique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED059.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study the effects of corruption on different development issues by focusing on three regions where the incidence of this phenomenon is particularly important: West Africa, Peru and Vietnam. This study differentiates the perception of corruption from its experience as well as the nature of corruption according to its purpose and reveals diverging effects. Having paid bribes promotes willingness to register among heads of informal West African production units and not to remain informal by avoiding official controls. In Vietnam, pro active (voluntary) payments provide small and medium manufactured firms an advantage over their competitors, but we can not say that corruption improves firms’ performance. Finally perception and experience of corruption have different effects on institutional trust among Peruvian households. The perception of corruption significantly reduces citizens’ confidence in the institutions of their country, which confirms the historical legacy of corruption scandals in the higher spheres of the State
Mbengue, Abdoulaye. "Intégration économique et développement industriel dans les pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10018.
Full textIn west african countries external demand constitute an important factor for economic growth. That holds their place in international economic relations, that is, those for supplier of raw materials, of non processed goods. That is why the level of economic activity of industrialized countries has has a positive effect in the development of west african economies. But, in the end of the 70's, this effect will tend to diminish its speed. There are many explicit factors, that is, changes in the production methods, in the ways of consumption and certainly the reorientation of french economy in view to participate in the european economic community. Consequently, it was important to adopt an alternative strategy for the development of west african countries. It is in this way that the solution of economic integration is proposed. In fact, it could resolve the problems of limited market by exploitation of economies of scale, permit to establish an industrial policy in the sub-regional scale. To realise that, effectively steps need to be taken in political, economic, cultural and social fields. A dream which will realise with time
Olowolagba, Claude Agnila. "L'impasse du développement économique en Afrique de l'ouest." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010034.
Full textAfter various and fruitless efforts of development based on economic growth, west africa next issue is henceforth between neglected traditional entreprises and other hardly inaccessible consumerism. Contrary to assumed facts, its failure does not lie wholly on colonisation, on open market, the dictatorial political regimes etc. On this, the example of asiatic countries that were faced with similar problems have today economic performances well pronounced. If Africa is in crises, its is because his social system is still indexed on solidarity (family extension) which is by far the opposite of economic rationality followed by the western world, the system he imitates and critizes at the same time, economic and social problems are dual in nature and to get out of its present situation, the black continent must find a juste equilibrum between these two values
Touatam, Guendergue Antipas. "Monnaie et développement économique : le cas de la zone C.F.A." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21014.
Full textDiarra, Adama Moussa. "Transports et développement économique dans trois Etats continentaux de l'Afrique Occidentale : le Mali, la Haute-Volta et le Niger." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30008.
Full textIn deprived countries such as mali, upper-volta (burkina-faso) and niger which are for historical and geographical reasons bearing poverty, it has become a necessity, more an obsession to open up. Il l is all the more essential when we know that, these countries heavily rely on transports for their access to the international market, their food supplies and the good running of their economies. Through this their importance and their impact can be measured. The quick settlement of a transportation policy should be integrated in a global policy of development which should modify the socio-economc structures of which the growth was wrong, blocked or extroverted. If not, not only development runs the risk to be hindered, but also other territories areas , and even the whole country will be made enclaves. Interactions of transportation are more and more numeros and more and more various to intervene here and there. This is why, we have foud it quite interesting to show how from as turning point in the past : the inland areas of west africa have become "abandoned areas"for communications and how the transportation system has become obsolete to create or to be transformed in another system which doesn't cope with the level of development. Planning should settle a new economic geography as well as the good organization and functionning of the transports should aim towards a balanced development of the economy in favour of a subregional integration
Ouedraogo, Idrissa Mohamed B. I. "Intermédiation financière et problématique du développement économique : essai d'application aux états membres de l'union monétaire ouest africaine." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D027.
Full textDampha, Lang Fafa. "L'Afrique de l'Ouest anglophone entre mémoire et réparation à l'époque post-coloniale : une question de développement." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040188.
Full textThe Trans-saharan and the Trans-Atlantic slave trades, and European colonisation and apartheid that had been carried out in an atmosphere of extreme brutality, have enormously affected socioeconomic development in black Africa. Are these phenomena responsible for the present social and economic problem? Africa has been independent for over fifty years and after 1957, when the first black african country (Ghana in English West Africa) became independent, African countries created the Organisation of African Unity in 1963 under the influence of Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana. They have as well created economic communities amongst themselves, such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and joined existing ones created by the West, including their former colonisers. What effects do membership of organisations and associations such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, The world Trade Organisation, the Francophonie and the Commonwealth of nations, have on black Africa’s independence and development? Africa’s painful pasts are inevitable themes of evolution of the contemporary world. Reparations of the economic, social and psycological damages of slavery, colonialism on black Africa have therefore been asked for by Africans, as victims of the past, when the countries who had enslaved and colonised black Africa, have refused to pay reparations. What is the significance of reparation to Africa’s development? How have the roles played by the Arabs, the North Africans and the Black Africans themselves in the slave trade, affected reparations? Can Black African leaders play a role in the global process, in order to better ensure the development of the Continent?
Chaffa, Alphonse. "Transport et developpement en Afrique de l'Ouest : origines, évolution et situation actuelle." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D008.
Full textKaboré, Émile. "Les enjeux, les pratiques et les perspectives communicationnels de la diplomatie du développement en Afrique : les cas du Burkina Faso et du Sénégal." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/204202205#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textFor many African nations, up to 50% of the investment budget is essentially provided by foreign aid, and mainly concerns bilateral and multilateral cooperation. In that type of situation, it appears that the diplomatic action is considered as the main axis for the mobilization of resources for African countries. The concept of “diplomacy of development” which is increasingly used as a vital thread for the materialization of foreign policy from most African countries illustrates this observation. For the poor countries choosing that development diplomacy, the issue here is to gather all the existing opportunities on the international scene to meet the challenges to fight poverty. In this new diplomatic scheme, communication now becomes a key stake. In a framework where the “diplomatic battle” has become a “trademark” battle and messages to reach and mobilize the required external resources to fight against poverty and increase development, communication, through its role of promotion, advocacy, negotiation and lobbying, is one of these essential components and one of the major organizational and operational poles of diplomacy. But, how to find out the way to build efficient linkages between diplomacy and communication? That question is the core problem this thesis tries to solve through a comparative approach between Burkina Faso and Senegal
Diakite, Bouakary Sidiki. "Economie et structuration de la microfinance : une alternative pour le développement des états membres de l'UEMOA (Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine)." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D004.
Full textWe stress in this thesis the role of the microfinance in the development of the Member States of the UEMOA (African Western Union Economic and Monetary) from the point of view of the fight against poverty. This is why we are interested more particularly in the examination of the existing bond between the structuring (installation of the regulation, fitting and organization of the structures) of the sector of the microfinance and the soutenabitity of the process of the development. From this point of view, we treat initially theoretical bases of the microfinance, conditions of its viability and its regulation before evoking the prospects for the best adaptation to the needs for the poor as well as his contribution to a dynamics of regional integration opened to the promotion cf the wellbeing of its population
Dupraz, Yannick. "Le développement économique en Afrique dans le temps long de I'histoire." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0084.
Full textContending that the current economic situation of African countries south of the Sahara can partly be explained by their colonial past, this thesis studies Africa's economic development in the long run of history, notably through the comparison between French and British colonialism. The first chapter studies dynamically the functioning of colonial states in West Africa, using a new database on colonial public finances in 4 British and 9 French colonies. The second chapter analyses French and British colonial legacies in education, using the division of German Cameroon between the French and the British after World War I as a natural experiment to identify the effect of colonizer identity and its evolution throughout the 20th century. The third chapter ask what explains the decline of polygamy in West Africa in the 20th century, using the boom in public education expenditure in Cameroon in the 1950s to identify the effect of women's education on marriage market outcomes
Soumana, Abdoulaye. "Intégration économique, politique monétaire et financement du développement : la zone franc à l'épreuve des mutations régionales." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE0503.
Full textSimard, Hughes. "Une étude des politiques canadiennes en matière d'aide au développement à l'égard des pays francophones d'Afrique de l'Ouest dans les années 1980." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26273.pdf.
Full textAkuetey, Mawuko. "Développement et intégration économique en Afrique de l'Ouest : la CEAO et la CEDEAO : étude comparative, bilans et perspectives." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010270.
Full textThe economic integration in West Africa is not at all a panacea. And it is improbable that, alone, it engenders a quick economic gowth. Nevertheless, insomuch as it permits not to deal only with policies of substitution importations with investment of capitals geared to national markets which are in most cases very limited, it offers perspectives for potential important advantages. Taking into account the difficulties of harmonisation of the ECWA and of the ECOWAS, two situations are possible : the ECWA will be assimilated by the ECOWAS or the ecwa will attract into her orbit other states
Ouédraogo, Ousmane. "Autonomie monétaire, préalable à une politique monétaire de développement : le cas des Etats de l'UMOA." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090019.
Full textQuestion whether the under-developed countries are bound to a dark dilemma: monetary independence with under-development, or monetary stability without
Ouedraogo, Aminata. "Banque et développement : le cas de la Banque ouest-africaine de développement (BOAD) 1973-1990." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070067.
Full textGorra, Diane-Grace. "«L' or blanc » mythe ou réalité : la problématique cotonnière en Afrique de l'Ouest." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0128.
Full textField of cotton is an activity of primary sector. Whish has, and continues to be the hall mark of development economies as it was the case in Europe, USA, Brazil and China. Countries with environmental conditions allowing cotton cultivation have developed agricultural sectors and crafts, with further industrial processing sectors of great importance. Cotton has become organized into hierarchy although his organization responsible for distortions and competition for the monopole. Cotton path may be divided in two blocks: the North block with USA has a quasi total control and a challenger: China. The other block is constituted by West African cotton producers. In view of the development of unregulated liberalism in Africa through structural adjustment policies and general privatization, we decided to study the system of cotton cultivation in Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali and Togo. We aimed to focus the potential of cotton cultivation to become a highly specialized, diversified and development strategy. Protectionism is arising in the North block and there is a need for further investigation of the actual policies policies for cotton agriculture. Thus the actual collaboration policies between North and African block are primary beneficial for the industrial sector at the detriment of the small Africans producers of the primary sector. This highlight that the "White Gold" is an important business even if some branches remain heavily subsidized in certain countries of the North creating ipso facto dependence towards this monoculture in countries of the south where it is and still remains as a product said or "pension". So we have to ask the question: White Gold myth or reality ?
Tano, Félix. "Autonomie collective et intégration économique en Afrique Noire." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUEL018.
Full textCollective self reliance and economic integration in Black Africa. A dynamic element of the new international economic order, collective self-reliance advocates economic cooperation between developing countries, so as to make sovereignty effective. Among black african countries, it may take the shape of an independent integration. Integration is achived through a multiplicity of institutions which, by distributing skills, maintain the sovereignty of the various states. The drawbacks arising from such a pluralistic organization lead gradually to establish a more integrated legal order ; the first signs consist in developing an institutional unification on regional scale and in adopting a continental plan setting the reference standards for all the other actors. Will this movement develop towards a greater supranationality? The strategy adopted searches for a balanced integration, through machinery which makes good the losses of receipts involved by commercial traffic liberalization, and at a fair distribution of industrialization plans as well. It should lead to a greater self-reliance in which the most important part is played by the machinery ensuring an "internal dynamics" protection, as well as an increase of the national participation in the capital of the companies involved in the process
Eklu, Agbewonu. "L'approche régionale du développement agricole en Afrique de l'Ouest et les modalités de coopération avec la C. E. E : rôle possible d'une aide adaptée." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON10007.
Full textThe object is to examine how e. E. C. Aid can contribute to the realization of a regional agricultural policy in west africa, in supposing that such a policy could improve the food situation in this region. The ineffectiveness of national food policies is among other reasons, due to their diversity or to a lack of coordination of economic policies within and across socio-economic areas. An appropriate method consistes in, as far as possible, in proceeding by "collective-reliance development". Consequently, development aid must be adapted. - in the first part of the thesis, we study : from a theoretical point of view, the different forms of economic integration accor- ding to their "purposes" and their "mechanisms", then the eventual compatible rela- tions between those concepts (ch. 1. ) the manifestations of economic integration in west africa and the adjustements which are necessary for an effective common agricultural policy in this region (ch. 2) - the second part concerns the contribution of aid to the implementation of this po- licy. After emphasizing some realities of the aid, we analyse, particularly within the context of lome accords, the role of the european regional co-operation policy in west africa (ch. 1); and its future prospects at the e. C. O. W. A. S. Level (ch. 2)
Diagana, Yakhouba. "Le droit international du développement durable et le continent africain : mesure du degré de transposition des règles internationales de développement économique et de protection de l'environnement en Afrique de l'Ouest (Mauritanie, Sénégal)." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0766.
Full textThe International law of Sustainable Development by his normative production since the international Conference of Stockholm (1972) on world environment can be defined like a group of internationals economics rules and environment protection. This approach in agreement with the Gro Harlem Brundtland Rapport ("Our common future") of 1987 which the terms enforce to the International Community the necessity of the determination of efficient rules for the control of the movement of the Intelligent Dimension (the Human Activity) that continue to influence considerably and negatively the Intermediairy Dimension (the Environment) from that depend essentially and substantially the Final or Intelligible Dimension ( The Human Being). In west of Africa (Mauritania – Senegal) the application of these rules constitute some considerable problems from the history of this continent, in part (Title I) that made also for their efficient application some structurals obstacles in other part (Title II)
Fe, Doukoure Charles. "Accords commerciaux régionaux : dynamique de l'intégration, des échanges et du développement dans l'UEMOA." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010011/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to analyze the impact of the creation of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), a regional trade agreements (RTAs) example on the dynamics of trade and development in this area. It analyzes the process of real convergence and examines opportunities to strengthen the integration process. The first chapter focuses on the impact of integration on reducing disparities in per capita income between member countries. Measured by the standard deviation of per capita GDP at constant prices of 2005, these analyzes revealed that the WAEMU countries are experiencing a real convergence between 1970 and 2010. However, according to our analysis, the creation of teh WAEMU has not significantly improved living conditions in memeber countries. The idea expressed in the first chapter is a regional trade agreements (RTAs) which brings together more or less equal partners and aims not only to promote trade themselves, but also and especially the integration and developemnt, may be a useful adjunct for multilateralism in the sense that it allows to correct inefficiencies and absorb its impact. On the other side, some RTAs can pose serious threats to the multilateral trading system from the moment they generate imbalances and reinforce inequalities between those who sign them. This is the case of many RTAs involving developing and developed countries. The second chapter focuses on one example of this type of RTAs and proposes a strategy to reduce the negative effects and to enable developing countries to reap the benefits of free trade. The analysis is done on the macroeconomic implications of economic partnership agreements(EPAs) between the countries of the European Union and those of the African Caribbean and Pacific. We show, using data from Côte d'Ivoire that, with productive public spending, developing countries can reudce the negative effects of short-term EPA. Developing countries are so small and too weak to cope with foreign competition that they implement protectionist policies such as the introduction of a tariff on imports. This is the case of the common external tariff imposed by the WAEMU imports from third countries. Chapter three of this tesis proposes a simple DGSE model, to assess macroeconomic impacts of this change in tariff structure. It appears that the net effect of a tariff reduction is the decrease of the main components of domestic demand and a lower level of consumer utility. The analysis shows that the dynamics of medium and long term as well as the instantaneous reaction of theses components depend on the elasticity of substitution between varieties of imported goods
Dille, Bibata. "Frontières et développement régional : impacts économique et social de la frontière Niger-Nigéria sur le développement de la région de Konni." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/dille_b.
Full textThe development is no longer a purely quantitative concept. More social aspects are now taken into account and more importance is given to the regional dimension of the entities under observation. The socio-economic characteristics as well as the socio-cultural conditions of regions and their historical and geographical context play a very important role in the developing processes. .
Ba, Ibrahim Bocar. "Perspectives du Mali dans l'accord de partenariat économique Union Européenne-Afrique de l'Ouest." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_ba_i.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to examine how, within the new context provided by the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), Mali can effectively build on the opportunities provided by the new agreements to attain a level of growth that would enable it to significantly reduce poverty. The thesis consists of three main parts: I – A review of theories on free-trade, with an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages; II – Presentation of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) and the state of play of the EPA negotiations; III –Practical application: Mali's prospects in the framework of the reforms aimed at adapting the fiscal system and the production apparatus to ensure the profitability of the EPAs. An Economic Partnership Agreement with a strong development dimension, bold reform of Mali's fiscal system and production apparatus, together with adequate financial backing can contribute to the attainment of that objective
Gnossa, E. Kossi. "Les institutions financières internationales africaines de développement et les tentatives d'intégration économique de la sous-région Ouest-Africaine." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0013.
Full textMillogo, Yves. "La CEDEAO dans le changement politique : les enjeux de la coopération et du développement régional." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010285.
Full textLinjouom, Njonap Mireille Simone. "Le choix d'un régime de change pour les pays membres de la zone "Euro CFA" : le cas du Cameroun." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090045.
Full textAhoulouma, Fortuné B. "Contribution à l'étude du concept de développement durable : une application au secteur de l'eau douce au sein de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine (U.E.M.O.A.)." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT3008.
Full textThe study aims at exploring the ways for the appropriation of sustainable development by international law because of its spell-binding and vague nature. This concept, which became popular during the 1992 Rio Declaration, is used today as a basis for public policies on environment. The study thus proposes, because of the general character of the concept, an application to the water sector within the U. E. M. O. A region. This application depends on the changes which could stem from the international acknowledgement of sustainable development in International water law. International principles and regulations of sustainable and common management of water resources will flow from these evolutions which could be adaptated within the U. E. M. O. A. Member countries. There is a need for reforms and for a strong involvement of the international community which constitutes the adequate framework for a critical analysis geared towards the defence of common interests
N'Guessan, Donald Jean-Marc. "Développement et intégration régionale en Afrique de l'Ouest : analyse des contributions de l'OHADA et de l'UEMOA." Reims, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REIMD002.
Full textThe legal integration thus seems promising one locomotive of the economic integration. The trust which law OHADA should arouse at the economic operator's, by proceeding gradually to the legal and judicial reassurance of the common market of the UEMOA, should incite them to create there and to develop economic activities. It, in that we wonder to know in the business law OHADA can arouse the deprive direct investment foreign or national, considered in the third millenium as the engine of the growth, in the space UEMOA, freedom of circulation. In the optics of this security and impulsive approach, the OHADA and the UEMOA are going to participate in the construction of this community legal framework through a device conceived around four axes, namely : a device of organization safety capable of guaranteeing the solidty and the autonomous and long-lasting functioning of the community institutions asked to lead the project of integration to its realization ; the consecration of a legal integration relative to the business, as fundamental tool of consolidation of the economic integration ; the construction of community structures asked to defend this law the application of which is determining in the safety in business connections ; finally, the institution of the freedom of circulation in all the community space to facilitate the intra-community exchanges, indispensable to the regional juridico-economic dynamics ; and which the analysis should allow to estimate the level of realization and the feature of this plateform OHADA-UEMOA
N'Guessan, N'Cho. "Le financement interafricain du développement." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL030.
Full textThe interafrican financing of development is carried out by either continental or regional organizations. These organizations, which are banks or development funds, have a classical structure with a deliberative assembly, an administrative body and an executive board. These interafrican organizations function with ressources spent according to various regulations of their constitutive charter. The operations thus carried out for the benefit of member states are subject to a yearly evaluation - which allows to measure their efficiency as well as their limitations
Guilbert, Nathalie. "Investigating children welfare inequalities in Western Africa : natural shocks, family structure and unequal access to household ressources." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090062.
Full textThis doctoral thesis analyzes children welfare in Western African where societies are characterized by a large economic instability and an unequal access to resources among members of a same household. Exposure to high downside risk to income and livelihoods generates inter-generational poverty traps mechanisms for the most exposed individuals. Shocks intensity, life periods and the strategies implemented both ex ante and ex post to cope with risk are many potential channels for enhanced vulnerability. The first essay exploits a natural shock i.e. locust plague, to investigate the long-term impact of income shocks on the well-being of children, estimated by educational outcomes. The second essay focus on the consequences of early marriage, a marital practice still very widespread in West Africa, on child mortality in Senegal. Finally, the third essay studies the consequences of out-of-wedlock births, a rising phenomenon contrasting with the overall fertility decline observed in the region, on women and children’s welfare
Andrianarijemisa, Princess Lilia. "L'ACDI et les principes de l'efficacité de l'aide bilatérale au secteur éducatif du Sénégal et du Mali." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26043.
Full textKombo, Brice. "Coopération décentralisée et Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement : enjeux et perspectives dans l'espace francophone subsaharien." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMD001/document.
Full textThe necessary struggle against poverty comes from an elementary remark observation: the combined wealth of the 15 richest people in the planet exceeds the total annual value of the production of the properties / services of all the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. 20 % of the world population consumes more than 80 % of the resources available on the surface of the earth. This observation reminds the magnitude of the efforts which remain to carry out to answer the challenge of the millennium through the OMD. The responsibility of States is obviously engaged but the solutions are more to look for at the level of cities and territories. In the closest to the inhabitants, the local authorities can and have to play a role of catalyst of the development. It is up to the citizens of territories confronted with the problems of underdevelopment to imagine and to propose these local solutions. The decentralized cooperation contributes to the search and the invention of such territorial policies, because it is a frame of privileged dialogue between local governments. Defined as a partnership between local authorities of different nationalities, it allows a sharing of experiences - microfinances, decentralization, good governance etc.- Clearly, all the hopes can invite itself in the symbiosis "Decentralized Cooperation and Objectives of the Millennium for the Development by taking into account their stakes and perspectives in the Sub-Saharan French-Speaking Space"
Gecit, Jean. "Les énergies nouvelles en Afrique de l'Ouest : des recherches scientifiques aux défis industriels (1960-1987)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL127.
Full textIndependence in 1960 placed the United Nations at the center of the debate on development while worldwide a scientific and technical revolution was taking place. Innovation, which was supposed to reduce the technological gap between countries, integrated development issues. At the same time, the UN embraced issues of natural resources exploitation while West Africa was characterized by a dependence on oil and foreign investment. This alchemy led to the emergence of the first solar institutes in Senegal, Mali and Niger, among others. This orientation was confirmed at the Stockholm conference where the idea of an eventual - inappropriate - nuclear development in West Africa was dropped. The States then started creating a regional solar center, alongside private Western companies that carried out the projects and sold their equipement in the region. A new dependency emerged, inciting the West African countries to build an utopian New International Economic Order which happened to be a failure. This led African countries into determining an endogenous, self-centered development based on industrialization. Thus, several States worked on this industrialization of their solar and wind energy sectors, before being caught up by economic difficulties linked to the second oil shock and the global debt crisis. The States then carried their industrial ambitions on a regional scale without them ever seeing the light of day. Setback which, after thirty years of development of new energies, now appears like as many missed opportunities
Yamamoto, Yumiko. "L'aide internationale, au-delà des questions techniques : les politiques d’aide au développement, à destination de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, de trois pays asiatiques : Chine, Inde, Japon (1997-2010)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0008.
Full textAt the crossroads of research on development conditions, development aid and comparative policies, this dissertation explores the comparative dimension of development aid policies towards West Africa taking the case of China, India and Japan between 1997 and 2010. Indeed, although these three countries belong to the same geographical zone, they are very different as regards to economic resources, political situation, national concerns and historical context. Based on the forty-eight reports of ministries and governmental agencies of China, India and Japan, almost eight hundred literatures, 73 interviews with researchers, experts in administrations and industries in five countries, the dissertation analyzes the observable differences in development aid policies carried out by these countries. The research seeks to understand whether each country’ specificities determine their development aid strategy. Beyond the technical issues (organisational system, delivery system, aid destination) specific to the three policies, the research compares motivations which encourage to offer development assistance to West Africa. The research marks the very first comparison of Asian aid policies
Bourse, Loic. "Le développement local dans un contexte de mondialisation : une confrontation entre théories et pratiques à partir de deux études de cas : Bamako (Mali) et Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10001/document.
Full textOverall, development theories are not only explanatory models of social change but are primarily theoretical models strongly imbued with ideology justifying the action axes of program development policies. Initially, the theories proposed for the 'southern' countries to “take off” or to wipe the historical order of international dominance as a solution to the riddle of development. In a second step, in the late 1970s, they were the means of ensuring strong economic growth for “North” and “South” countries by the application of SAPs. From the 1990s, a new set of theories of development proposes a form of political action distinct from structural adjustment: local development. It comes in three main action axes:- the return of politics as an institution of economic and social regulation through the ideas of governance and participatory democracy ;- optimization of economic growth and social services by political regulation ;- local development as a production and a regulation level of the politic, the social and the economic.Thus, whether at the level of scientific theories or political agendas, these three axes are the prerequisites of social change. But must these prerequisites be followed to lead the Local Development? This is the question that we tried to address through the perspective of local development practices in a city of a “South” country, Bamako, Mali, and in a city of a “North” country, Marseille, France
Seye, El Hadji Amadou. "Les paysages et les peuples du Niokholo, contribution à l'étude des comportements humains face au milieu naturel (Sénégal oriental)." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL293.
Full textThe Niokholo lies in the Southern part of Eastern Senegal, between latitudes 12 and 15 degrees North. Its original character is due to the diversity of its landscapes, and the diversity of its landscapes, and the various mixing of social and cultural groups living there. The central argument of this dissutation is the analysis of how such a natural environment and peoples are organized, using tree scales: the region, the +terroirs ;, and the toponymic units, or + lieux-dits ;, and resulting in tree series of maps at scales 1/200 000, 1/100 000 and 1/10 000. At the regional level, our analysis set forth the diversity of the landscapes composed of 30 elementary units, with differences linked to topographic characteristics, land availability, and water resources. The study of the peopling and humanization of those landscapes points at the balance between populations and their natural environment. At the level of the +terroir ;, the analysis of the environment reveals several landscapes segments that have been differently identified and used by the Mandes, Fulanis, Bediks and Beliyans. By comparing the geographical segments with those identified by the populations one car observe similarities and differences in those modes of landscape segmentation. At tne level of the toponymic units the comparison between the environments and the crops used by those ethnic groups shows the differences in the choices made by the farmers according to the plants brought into cultivation. But the currents cultivation systems suffer from a lack of efficient means of production. Thus, yields remain low and it seems necessary to implement development programs that will be in keeping with the natural environment and likely to be welcomed by the populations
Ahouandjinou, Géraud. "Les sites d'informations touristiques sur le web en Afrique de l'Ouest francophone : le cas particulier du Bénin." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020076.
Full textTourism-focused web sites in French-speaking Western Africa, a case study of Benin. For nearly two decades now, African countries have been experimenting with information technology and communication. This entry into the information society is seen by many researchers as an opportunity to develop Africa. But, for now, socio-economic difficulties are hindering policies and actions conducted to use information systems for development purposes. The situation varies from one country to another. South Africa and Morocco, for example, have been clearly more successful than countries south of the Sahara in their tourism industrialization policies, putting information technology to good use. Benin is one of the first countries in French-speaking West Africa to be connected to the Internet. It is, however, struggling to get more of a foothold into the digital age. The defective and lacking telecommunications infrastructure, the lack of a coherent legal and regulatory framework, people’s inability to access computer equipment and services, the lack of local experts ... are all reasons for the delay. Internet could be a catalyst to promote culture and tourism in Benin and is one of the country’s development challenges today. Tourism is in fact the second largest source of income and contributes to 2% of Benin’s GDP.This study is an inventory of Benin’s tourism industry and its presence on the Web. It focuses in particular on the best way to turn the country’s countless attractions into real assets. This work is made up of two sections. The first provides an overview of the situation of tourism in the world and in Africa. It develops the topic and the issues of ICTs, seen as a springboard for development in Africa. The second part focuses on Benin. It provides descriptions and an analysis of the country, using as a starting point its general data to assess its tourism policy, its results and its outlook for growth, mainly through Internet. The methodological basis of this research includes a literature review, observations, field surveys and Web mapping
Barry, Mamadou Diang. "Développement financier et croissance économique : études théoriques et applications sur l'UEMOA et la CEDEAO." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA0004/document.
Full textThe framework of Geweke (1982, 1984) improved by Chen et al. (2008)is used in this thesis to conduct Granger causality between finance and growth in the context of West Africa. We adopt the time - and frequency- approaches to bring out instantaneous causality and dependence by employing vector autoregressive models. In this work, we propose p-values computations more suitable for small sample size. Empirical investigations examine, successively, causal links between finance and growth, the impact of inflation on these links, and the conditional relationships between growth and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to financial development and economic openness
Boilève, Félix. "Une "Banque du savoir" ? Enquête sur la nature et la politique de l'expertise de la Banque mondiale." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM023.
Full textIn the 1990s, the World Bank was facing an unprecedented crisis, due to the consequences of structural adjustment programs and of some projects it financed, which were considered harmful by many. The response of the international institution was to describe itself as a “Knowledge Bank”, claiming by this term that its primary value lied in its development knowledge, while acknowledging the political nature and the need to transform this knowledge. This thesis takes up this self-description and investigates the current nature of this Knowledge Bank. To this end, ethnographic studies, mainly in West Africa, were conducted on knowledge that the World Bank itself has identified as one of its prominent concern: the knowledge embedded in its development interventions (projects, technical assistance). By discussing mainly the literature in anthropology of development, and building upon relevant work in Science and technology studies, the thesis identifies an “expertise as operation” at the heart of these interventions. This expression denotes the actions undertaken by World Bank experts (consultants, project managers) to construct or transform the identities and problems of individual or collective entities, through the production and mobilisation of knowledge about them, and often by ensuring that these entities seize upon this knowledge about themselves. The choice made in the thesis to analyse economic interventions (support for the competitiveness of an economic sector, support for the development of entrepreneurship, or research on industrial policies) allows for an in-depth analysis of the much criticized neoliberal and “economicist” policy of the World Bank, so as to show that the politics of the institution cannot be reduced to those aspects, and is primarily embedded in these operations of expertise on identities and problems
Poujol, Gabriel. "Les circuits vivriers du corridor Ouagadougou-Accra : conditions d’un développement inclusif." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30029/document.
Full textSince colonization, West African transport corridors drew an economic dependence on space towards global market. Massive imports of manufactured goods are not balanced by the export of raw materials. The African market is not yet the market for Africans and this generally hampers territorial development. In the transport corridor between Ouagadougou and Accra, in West Africa, the challenges of regional integration and food security are crystallizing in the staple food circuits. The exchanges that take place there regulate the mobility of foodstuffs between places. In the space constituted by Burkina Faso and Ghana, characterized by an ecological gradient between the Sahel and the coast that strongly differentiates agricultural potentialities, the thesis puts these challenges in perspective with territorial development. She analyzes the inclusive potential of merchant staple food circuits through the example of yam, maize and cowpea in the corridor that connects Ouagadougou to Accra. After analyzing the transactional practices of these circuits based on surveys carried out with traders and transporters in the field, we simulate potential exchanges using a gravity model based on data relating to production, commerce, and consumption, but also to road accessibility of space. Between food availability and household demand, locating these exchanges and their paths questions the articulation of the food trade scales and the complementarity of places and activities with regard to the links between agriculture, trade and transport identified as carriers of spatially inclusive development. In a context of secondary cities, margins and borders, our approach explores the spatial interactions between surplus and deficit areas in order to propose technical recommendations with operational and political scope to contribute to the reflection on regional integration and security food
Chidikofan, Grâce. "Développement méthodologique pour l'évaluation des performances et de la durabilité des systèmes de production d'électricité par gazéification de biomasse en milieu rural : Etude de cas au Burkina-Faso." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0063/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop a performance assessment methodology of power generation systems based on biomass gasification in a rural area case in developing countries. The general methodological framework of this thesis is described in the approaches as follow: (i) defining performance assessment criteria, (ii) selecting methods or models for assessing the criteria, and (iii) choosing the method of analyzing the reliability of the assessment. Based on this methodological framework, a methodology for the assessment of electricity generation by biomass gasification systems in West Africa is developed. Fourteen assessment criteria are defined by taking in account technical, economic, environmental and social aspects. Models are developed for the calculation of each criterion considered. The models are then applied to carry out a performance assessment of the electricity generation by biomass gasification project in Burkina Faso. Twelve (12) system configurations are studied to satisfy the same load profiles. Simulation results allowed identifying from the point of view of the operator and the consumers the configurations which give better valorization of biomass available with an affordable electricity cost and which offer to operator a relative flexibility to adapt to changes in electricity demand
Huillery, Elise. "Histoire coloniale : développement et inégalités dans l'ancienne Afrique occidentale française." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0111.
Full textThis PhD dissertation uses first-hand historical data on colonial French West Africa. First, I focus on the costs and benefits of colonial experience for France and its former colonies. I review the existing literature and show that evidence on whether colonialism was a costly or beneficiary experience for France is not clear yet. Then I provide an answer on the direct cost of French West Africa for French public expenses: this cost turns out to be very small -on average 0. 1 % of all public expenses. Few public investments were made during colonial times and almost all of them were financed by local population itself. Using econometrics, the thesis then seeks to provide evidence on the long term impact of colonial experience on current performances. I show that early colonial public investments m education, health and public works had large and persistent effects on current outcomes, and that a major channel for the long term effect of early investments is a strong persistence of investments: regions that got more of a specific type of investment at the early colonial times continued to get more of this particular type of investment. Finally, I give evidence that Europeans tended to settle in more prosperous pre-colonial areas and that the European settlement had a strong positive impact on current outcomes. I argue that the African hostility towards colonial power to colonisation provides a random variation in European settlement. Despite, the absence of a "reversal of fortune" within former French West Africa, some of the most prosperous pre-colonial areas lost their advantage because of their hostility: other areas caught up and became the new leaders in the region
N'Dah, Hartmann. "La structuration de l'essor du marché financier de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : enjeu d'une mutation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G003.
Full textThe last two decades have seen a dramatic rise in stock markets in developing countries. This increase in marketactivity promoted, according to some authors, the improved economic performance of some so-called emergingcountries. However, African countries are still struggling to enjoy the benefits of market activity, given thenarrow, low liquidity and inefficiency of their stock markets. The stock markets of these countries clearlylagging behind compared to developing countries on other continents. This thesis examines the factors thatexplain the level of development of stock markets in developing countries in general and African countries inparticular from a sample of 106 countries. The empirical analysis is based around the statistical and econometrictests. The results show that social capital measured by the confidence greatly influences the development ofstock markets in developing countries. This confidence, since it is very low in Africa, explains the delay ofAfrican stock markets compared to markets in developing countries of other continents. Moreover, the lowconfidence in Africa is due to the heterogeneity of populations which are characterized by high ethnic, linguisticand religious fragmentation. The results also show that the development of new technologies of information andcommunication positively influences the development of stock markets by reducing transaction costs. Finally,the development of African stock markets is also compromised by their early opening to the world. Indeed,financial openness negatively affects market activity in these countries. To encourage the growth of Africanstock exchanges, it is necessary to take a number of measures. This is to improve the institutional environmentin order to better protect the owners of capital, this will reduce the effect of low confidence; to implement apolicy that promotes the socio-cultural mixing between populations; to work to increase the number of listedcompanies on the stock market through the opening to the private, the capital of state owned companies throughthe stock market and incentives vis- à-vis the private sector , and to promote development of New Technologiesof Information and Communication
Rondelet, Yves. "Le miel en Afrique de l'Ouest." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOL001.
Full textCasanovas, Nathalie. "Du tourisme solidaire au tourisme durable en Afrique de l'ouest : mise en oeuvre d'un processus opératoire de suivi et d'évaluation des projets, le cas du Burkina Faso." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1031.
Full textThis piece of research focuses on tourism in West Africa, looking back over the past 20 years of Aid. Cutting through the rhetoric, the aim is to define the conditions necessary to improve living conditions for third world populations using alternative forms of tourism and promoting eco-tourism. Eco-tourism cannot of its own accord solve all of West Africa’s developmental problems as it is only of a very limited nature - but it can make a lasting contribution. However eco-tourism is itself a fine balance between the commercial and the ecological. It is an adapted and balanced type of tourism that this study is intending to examine, utilising an innovative method to evaluate the three building blocks of sustainable development
Lanckriet, Edouard. "Le Système d’Innovation Technologique des agroénergies de la canne à sucre, un outil de développement durable au Brésil, quels enseignements pour la formation des politiques de développement liées au capital naturel en Afrique de l’Ouest ?" Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0013/document.
Full textIn Brazil, sugar cane is used as a raw material for the production of sugar, fuel, and electricity. This industrial model has enabled the country to build a competitive advantage on the biomass productivity of its soils. It has been promoted in Africa but the majority of African bioenergy projects have been a failure. This raises the question of the interest of the model in Brazil, of the role of bioenergy in a development strategy.The Brazilian model is a Technological Innovation System, the sugar cane TIS, which we analyze in the long term. Since the end of the 19th century, it has been structured to import, adapt and spread technologies in order to diversify sugar cane markets. The biofuel sector required the creation of an alternative technological system, financed by the State through the Proalcool Program (1975 to 1985); Created to absorb the surpluses of the sugar sector and for the energy security of the country. Public support was key in the evolution of the TIS, forged in the wake of the country's social and economic crises. The sugar cane TIS has enabled Brazil to train its human capital in the valorization of natural capital, which enables it today to experiment a new change : the agroecological conversion of the cane cultivation model, that would allow regenerating the Natural Capital soil. Based on our analysis of the Brazilian model we formulate an analysis of the factors of failure of the African jatropha biofuel projects and make a proposal for the structuring of a biofuel TIS adapted to West Africa stakes of development, which we suggest to back up to the oilseed chain
No Brasil, a cana-de-açúcar é utilizado como matéria-prima na fabricação de açúcar, combustível e eletricidade. Este modelo de negócio tem permitido ao país para transformar a produtividade de biomassa de seu solo em uma vantagem competitiva. Ele foi promovido na África, mas a maioria dos projetos de agroenergia africanos houve uma falha. Isso levanta a questão do interesse do modelo no Brasil, bem como o papel da bioenergia em uma estratégia de desenvolvimento. O modelo brasileiro é um Sistema de Inovação Tecnológica, o SIT da cana, que analisamos a longo prazo. Ele é estruturado desde o final do século XIX para importação, adaptação e difusão de tecnologias afim de diversificar os mercados de cana. O setor do etanol combustível tem necessidade de um sistema tecnologia alternativa, financiado pelo governo através do Programa Proálcool (1975-1985); ele foi criado para absorver os excedentes do sector do açúcar e para a segurança energética do país. O apoio público tem sido fundamental para a evolução do SIT, foi forjada pelas crises sociais e económicas do país. Hoje o SIT da cana-de-açúcar experimenta um modelo de produção agroecológica para o cultivo da cana, ele deveria ser capaz de regenerar o capital natural. Nossa análise do modelo brasileiro nos permite fazer uma análise dos fatores de não-sucesso dos projetos africanos de produção de biocombustível de jatropha. Nós formular uma proposta de estruturação de um SIT da agroenergia Oeste Africano adaptado às questões de desenvolvimento locais, propomos a ser associado ao setor oleaginosa
Akue, Adovi Segbeaya. "Finances publiques et politiques de protection de l'environnement dans les pays d'Afrique de l'ouest." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT3020.
Full textBernard, Tanguy. "Three essays on peasant organizations in West-Africa." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF10002.
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