Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie marxiste'
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Rollemberg, Mollo Maria de Lourdes. "Monnaie, valeur et capital fictif." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100031.
Full textThis thesis studies marx's monetary theory, using as the main theme the relationship established by marx between money and value, and particularly the notion of fictitious capital. In the first part of the thesis (chapters I and II), the relationship between money and value in marx's thought is reviewed, as well as his notion of fictitious capital. In the second and third parts, the monetary conception of marx is confronted with other theories. In the second part the monetary thoughts of hilferding (chapter III) and hayek (chapter iv), are analysed. Despite their analytical differences they have in common the notion of fictitious capital. In the third part the monetary framework belonging to the main economic traditions are studied on their own and from a marxian point of view. Chapter v presents the ricardian and neo ricardian school. Chapter vi examines the neoclassical and keynesian school. Finally, chapter vii studies benetti, cartelier and other contemporaneous authors responsible for a new critique of marx's thought
Jirari, Adil. "Planification et prix de production." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100084.
Full textLous, Baronian Laurent. "Le travail vivant : catégorie critique et génétique de la méthode du capital." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100120.
Full textThis thesis argues Chat the project of Critique of political economy is entirely dependant on the nature of social labor in general, from which Marx derives the categories and laves of the political economy. Effectively, starting with his first economical works, Mari considers social labor as a group of production activities, in such a way that each society is characterized by the way it exchanges and assigns these activities. However, the political economy, from mercantilism to neo-classicism, conceived and still perceives work for its product and results, and only considers the exchange of products as social labor. The political economy observes living labor as a purely negative object, as a sacrifice or necessary commitment to fulfil individual needs. For Marx, if value-added labor is defined as a specific method of exchanging living labor, this results in a new definition of general and abstract labor: it is no longer defined as an object or unit of value, but first and foremost as an expenditure of labor force - of muscles, nerves and brain. From this, Marx derives the dual nature of labor, which lie strongly insists on and which he considers to be his primary contribution to the science of economics. Marx dominates the critical analysis: the way in which categories and laves of capitalist production are assigned, and the nature of the criticism of these categories and laves, which still survives in the political economy to this day
Raineau, Laurence. "L'information en économie centralement planifiée : enjeu de la transition vers l'économie de marché." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010018.
Full textThe thesis follows simultaneously two main analytical topics. Firstly, it develops a theoretical analysis of information and secondly it analyses the informational problem of centrally planned economies. The purchased aim is an insight into the challenge posed by the transition from a centralized to a decentralized system of information. The first part is a critical analysis of the informational and communicational systems of the centrally planned economies. It points out the deficiency of the existing analyses concerning biased information or quality of the exchanged messages. The second part focusses on the theoretical developments on information in centrally planned economy. The neoclassical hypotheses on information are discussed though the analysis of market socialism models. Through the study of hayekian critics of socialism, the austrain approach of the information is then discussed. In the third part the author proposes a more personal analysis of information and of the logics and deficiencies of the centrally planned economies. In disruption with the objectivist informational approach, the analysis differenciates the exchanged data (indices), the signal and the meaning information. Linguistics and phenomenology are then helpful to define information and to understand its origin in a system
Maaninou, Amal. "Etude sur le travail chez K. Marx : de la praxie subjective au travail abstrait." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100061.
Full textFor Marx, labor is a series of corporeal and live acts that the individual constantly starts off to satisfy his needs by transforming nature. At this level, mainly those of the vital and organic reality, the texts of Marx are a true phenomelogical description of the act of labor which is always perceived by the one who actually works, using the labor instrument in a non-objective way. It is only when the transformation of nature and the satisfaction of personal needs progressively passes and from the worker that abstract labor is through as a reduction of the subjective praxis to an ideal; objective norm. This substitution of reality by the concept of labor constitutes, property so called. The transcendental genesis of economy
Tran, Hai Hac. "Loi de la valeur et niveaux d'abstraction du capital." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131024.
Full textGueullette, Agota. "Idéologie et politique économique extérieure soviétique : 1917-1947." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0012.
Full textThe original marxist ideology does not provide a clear universally valid basis for economic relations of a new socialist society with the rest of the world. In this respect the behaviour pattern of the Soviet State will be formulated around three major components : the personality in power, his vision of the external world, and the country's internal situation. The correlation between these three components varies. While all make references to marxist ideology, the various leaders based their realpolitik on different interpretations of the unexpected problems posed by external economic relations. The ideological and economic substratum set in the writings of Marx, Rosa Luxemburg and Bukharin, analysed in the first part of the dissertation always found itself modified or even superceded by an unavoidable pragmatism. For Lenin, strategist of world revolution, the pragmatic approach was basically orientated towards the strengthening of his country. Trotsky's orientation was more internationalist, but these differences with Lenin would never take the violently antagonistic form which later manifested itself between Trotsky's conceptions and Stalin's actual policies. Trotsky was to pay for this. With the growth of Stalin's monolithic power, the differences between his strategy and that of Bukharin became ever more flagrant. This despite the fact that both pursued the same aim: to build socialism in one country. The writings of Varga, Stalin's adviser, provide an excellent point of reference for this whole period. When Stalin ceased to listen to Varga, there emerged his policy in the aftermath of the Second War: the concept of opposing blocs, which, in its external economic aspects, led to the creation of COMECON
Civici, Adrian. "Dé-collectivisation et reconstruction de l'agriculture albanaise (1989-2002), une transition spécifique?" Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0024.
Full textThe less developed country and the more autarkic one among those belonging in the past to the socialist system, country with a centralized and planning economy, Albania is the last to be engaged in the transition and, in the same time, one of the rare countries to completely apply the "chock therapy" and the "creative destruction" concept during its passage "from the planning to the free market". More specifically, agriculture and Albanian rural environment are the sectors that suffered radical transformations and much more drastic in comparison with the other Eastern countries. The target of this work is to analyze this singular experience related to "original" construction of the socialist system in the rural environment, to try to understand the reasons of its dreadful failure in agriculture; to attempt to decipher and to interpret the major indicators of this transitional period concerning the de collectivization and the reconstruction of the agriculture; to try to answer fundamental questions which are linked with the current situation as a result of a specific policy of transition as well as questions linked with possibilities and constraints of the development in the future. To succeed in answering the question: "Is it a specific transition or an identical one with that of the other Eastern Countries?", the most of analyses, commentaries, conclusions and propositions concerning the reality dominating in Albania have been effectuated in the framework of a larger comparative optics comprising the reality and the problematic of the other Eastern and Central European countries
Andreu, Maurice. "Sur la théorie de la "crise générale du capitalisme", la génèse du concept de "CGC" : contribution à une histoire des idées économiques dans l'Internationale Communiste de 1919 à 1929." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131012.
Full textZaman, Constantin. "Accumulation du capital et marché du travail dans une économie en transition." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010039.
Full textSince the collapse of soviet style regimes, all central and easter european countries have opened a new way of evolution for their economies, based on three main process : privatisation, restructuring, and macroeconomic stabilisation. The basic mechanisms of a socialist economy, analyzed in the first two chapters, allow to emphasize the main particularities of the transitional period (chapter iii). A theoretical model of growth with capital accumulation (chapter IV) allowed us to evaluate the length of transition in four countries : Czech republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The last chapter contains an analysis of structural changes on the labour market, taking place in the presence of asymmetric information concerning the effective level of workers' qualification
Maou, Vladimir. "La régulation économique de l'Etat : les bases théoriques et idéologiques de la politique économique de la Russie : 1908-1929." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21055.
Full textDardot, Pierre. "La question du commencement de la science chez Hegel et Marx." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100025.
Full textHegel begins by "pure being", Marx by "commodity". But, when "pure being" is the "simple itself", "commodity" is only the "simplest". This infinitesimal divergence settles the matter of an essential part of Marx’s debate with Hegel. What is here in question is the status of a key-notion: the notion of "presupposition". The first meaning of this term for Hegel is anything which is given from outside to the thought, any external datum in which the thought is "alienated". The "simplicity" of the Hegelian beginning expresses merely the fact that the pure thought is without presupposition. For Marx, the notion of "real presupposition" indicates the object given before any thought. Therefore the presupposition of political economy as a science is the capitalist society which simplest element is precisely the "commodity". But, from 1857, Marx introduces another meaning of this same notion, directly inherited from the Hegelian doctrine of the reflexion: according to it, the "commodity" is then defined as "elementary presupposition" of the capital. The logic of this borrowing required that the "commodity" would be reduced to the pure immediacy of a "self-relation". On the opposite, Marx will think commodity as a social relation with two sides: one is the immediacy of use-value; the other is the "posited-being" of the value. Therefore, he came up against difficulties he never overcomed
Kouassivi, Noah Benissan Emmanuel. "L'autogestion yougoslave : son but, ses applications, ses ambigui͏̈tés, ses ambivalences et son avenir dans l'Europe de demain." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081103.
Full textBaassiri, Mahmoud. "La praxis dans le Marx de Michel Henry." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26818.
Full textAlthough Michel Henry's book Marx (1976) both revives philosophical presuppositions that were developed in his previous writings and anticipates several themes that are central in his later writings (i.e., the Trilogy), Marx nevertheless is a particularly important moment in his oeuvre due to its elaboration of the concept of "praxis." Given that Marx locates the genesis of economic value in the individual's practical action, Henry is forced to shift his attention from his earlier focus on the ego and the body toward a more careful consideration of living labour, an activity constantly at grips with the objective world. When viewed from the vantage point of material phenomenology, and particularly given that such a perspective is external to immanence, the term "individual" (which replaces the term "ego") allows Henry to take into account transcendence, that is, in Marx we can see a suspension of phenomenology itself. Even though the acosmism that is defended by Henry in The Essence of Manifestation (1963) reappears in Marx, it is now presented in a state of extreme tension with the economic world, a tension that Henry tries to resolve by integrating socio-economic determinations into the immanence of life. This is precisely what makes Henry's reading of Marx so powerful and so original. On the other hand, Henry' s trilogy runs the risk of losing sight of the strict individuality of praxis, an aspect that was emphasized in Marx. Thus, even though the trilogy inherits an ethics of praxis, it nonetheless seems to us that Henry's concept of Absolute Life, as developed in the trilogy, requires a type of universalism that Henry himself had previously disqualified, notably in his critique of Hegel. The present dissertation defends the idea that there is an absolute originality to Marx in relation to the complete works of Michel Henry.
Nkodia, Sébastien. "Conflits entre production et information dans la pensée économique de Karl Marx." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA1010.
Full textGoing over the course of Karl Marx's thought through different successive points of view that specifically underline his thought, the aim is to grasp the time that Karks Marx's lasting and definite turning point towards the beginning of new problematics specific to the field of information in the analysis of the production-information couple. The analysis of the processing’s of capitalist production consequently throws light on the economic categories from which Marx realizes an intra-categorical, inter-categorical and extra-categorical analysis worthy of efforts, and depicts at the same time, the conflicts, the tensions and the paradox inherent and registered in the heart of the problematics like a thesaurus of a possible reading from the point of view of information. To be the companions of truth, of our experience in our days, these conflicts, these tensions and paradox in the heart of which the whole human existence is fighting still remains interest worthy, and, out of an intra and inter-structural analysis from which emerges this situation in the sense that it concerns us all even today, more than at the time of Marx
Cahen-Fourot, Louison. "La soutenabilité de l’accumulation du capital et de ses régimes : Une approche macroéconomique en termes de soutenabilité forte." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD064/document.
Full textThe subject of my PhD is The sustainability of capital accumulation and its regimes : a strong sustainability macroeconomic approach. It is composed of two parts. The first one is composed of two chapters that review the literature on two aspects : The first chapter tackles the debate on stationary capitalism. It reviews the way capitalism is taken into account by ecological economists and analyzes it in light of historical examples of ecological crises and of insights from eco-marxist theories. Chapter 2 tackles the debate about the so-called monetary growth imperative analysed from a post-Keynesian point of view. The second part is a more empirical one and is composed of three chapters. Chapter 3 attempts at framing the exergy-useful work approach into a régulationnist theoretical framework informed with insights from the Carbon democracy approach. It investigates the social relationship to energy in the Fordist and Neoliberal accumulation regimes. The fourth chapter attempts at furthering the third chapter by investigating the CO2 - GDP relationship through econometric means taking into account structural breaks between accumulation regimes and possible asymmetries. Chapter 5 investigates the commitment of countries to reduce their greenhousegas emissions within the context of globalized finance-led capitalism
Lee, Hwan-sik. "La force et la faiblesse de la thèse de Marx : la fin du capital par manque de la plus-value vu sous l'angle de la nature de l'accumulation du capital cognitif." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080806.
Full textOur research for the mode of the accumulation of the cognitive capital try to determinethe nature and the orientation of scientific and technological progress. The principal question is what the mutual relations between the science, the work and the capital. Following marx, the fusion of the science and the industry resulte in the collapse of the capital by the lack of surplus value, because the science is incline to abolish the workers in the field of production. But, the capital has any interest to introduce new technology beyond the line that technological knowledge don't no more the profit. The impact of the new technology on labor relations continues to be dramatic. Just as capital once sought enhanced productivity through organization and rationalization, it now seems to seek increased productivity through applied scientific and technological knowledge. We were founded our research on the conception - productivity of capital, and on the formation of the cognitive capital which private and public capital addressed to the production of the scientifique and technological knowledge
Malarre, Jean-Claude. "La circulation monétaire : étude critique de l'analyse de Marx." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100045.
Full textThe definition of single commodity circulation as a social exchange process implies the exclusion of at least one agent in the general pattern of c-m-c transactions. However, Marx characterizes the circulation of money as being determined by the circulation of commodities and not its determinant. The gold producer's status and the nature of his transactions are not clearly specified. If one interprets the latter as exchanges subjected by the law of work value, it must then be admitted that Marx’s opposition to ricardian monetary analysis is only apparent: gold is injected in the circulation by way of a barter; circulation of money cannot overflow; the hoarding and dishoarding system constitutes an adjustment mechanism of the money circulating with relation to its natural quantity which, according to Ricardo, corresponds to arbitration gold goods gold money and the presence of stocks in the gold branch; the sense of causality money - price translate the passivity of monetary bulk with respect to a real bulk; "the sum of prices to be realized" these propositions are incompatible with Marx’s sketched out theory of monetary spending (function of social validation attributed to the buyer ; presence of money in the exchange as a permissive condition to crises). The representation of the social process of capitalist transactions is thwarted by a difficulty pointed out by Rosa Luxemburg; the impossibility of accounting for the monetary reflux characterizing the functioning of money as capital when the excess in defined as a surplus product: Bukharin’s answer is unacceptable. A reformulation could rest both on the notion of seignorage and the model of relative surplus value (where the excess result from a fractioning of the global value)
Ege, Ragip. "Le concept de liberté et la question de la production." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10028.
Full textSahali, Sehi Armand. "Marx, le capitalisme et les paradoxes de l'économie contemporaine." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT5002.
Full textRecent studies carried out on individual's exploitation in the capitalist system suggested a fondamental revision of its approach. Thus, Marx's theory of exploitation, popularized from the 19th century till today seems to represent the margins of his work rather than its core. The relevance of his criticism is updated as changes occur in capitalism. It allows us to grasp the core of paradoxes of contemporary economics according to which: “capitalist production creates the conditions for individual's happiness, yet these conditions constitute an obstacle to his freedom''. This study carried out around the economic theories of Marx suggest a metastructural approach to the critique of capitalism in the 21st century while identifying avenues for individuals' emancipation from. At this level, Marx engages in a perspective of reforming the principles of freedom and social justice
Mannker, Nathan Michel. "Questions à propos de Marx : apparence et réalité." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081259.
Full text" any surplus value, in whatever form - profit, interest, income, etc. - is, in substance, the materialisation of " unpaid work ", as marx declares in " das kapital ". The whole capitalist system is thus built on the plunder of the strength of physical or intellectual work. In other words, its very existence implies this primary manifestation of a self-perpetuating class struggle which i have called the one-way class struggle. Material conditions have a decisive impact on conceptual conditions but there is no automatic link between them as subjectivity intervenes in the rational or irrational interpretation of material conditions. In his critique of hegel, marx tends to minimise the autonomy of the idea. The role of human behaviour is insufficiently considered. Undeniably, some processes and trends occur outside human will but they are subject both to their own contradictions liable to hamper their evolution and to the action of humans who are more or less capable of identifying essential necessities since self-interest and passion guide us in random situations. Thus, necessity, self-interest, passion and chance constitute what i have called a sort of quartet which is the prime mover of all different human societies and the relations that govern them. The human incapacity to know everything, to understand everything, to achieve everything is a reference to what i have called the platonic vestige of " timee ". This human inability is insufficiently considered by marx and is completely ignored by the stalinian interpretation of marxism-leninism, known as the " infaillible doctrine "
Pino, Angel. "Des salaires et de la répartition comme indicateurs des transformations sociales en Chine populaire : 1949-1989." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA131003.
Full textBensimon, Guy. "Essai de construction d'un système conceptuel pour l'économie communiste à partir des travaux d'Alexandre Zinoviev." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21002.
Full textThe justification behind this research lies in the fact that the theoretical work done on the communist economy (which is essentially "neoclassical") consists of approach patterns that have been drawn up for capitalist economic systems and then projected onto communist economies. A further justification resides in the fact that empirical research cannot systematise observations into a coherent and adapted system. Our solution consisted of reconsidering the organisational framework of the communist system as it is described by zinoviev. The concept of economic type is put together from zinoviev's empirical systems methods and from the postulates of political economy as expressed by the classical thinkers (mill, cairnes, neville keynes. . . ). The communist type of system is an attribution economy : an attribution economy is an economy where goods are acquired by individuals called "attributaries" as a result of the decision of a superior, i. E. The distributor. The attribution process is a sequence of relations derived from the attribution decisioin and from the relations of transfer and or connection. The analyses of steuart and keynes on the nature of money have enabled us to integrate the latter point into the attribution process, particularly in communist salary relations and in the relations between companies. We then maintain that an attribution economy necessarily requires money for it to function, even if its coordination mode is characterised by the presence of nonmonetary signals
Artous, Antoine. "Marx, l'Etat et la politique." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10030.
Full textThe development from the critique of modern politics, which is at the centre of the texts of the young marx. To the critique of political economy is not a sign of marx's "economism". It is above all the product of a rupture with the idealism of the dominant state which makes a literal interpretation of the discourse of the modern state: the state which, for the first time in history, does not appear as the direct domination of one social group. Marx tries to show that this is the adequate political form for "bourgeois-civil society". , for which it is necessary to update our undestanding of its functioning. Hence the passage from the critique of politics in the texts of his youth. Where he sketches a theory of the modern state as a representative state, to the critique of political economy, which also presents modern production as free of all forms of exploitation. For marx the wage relationship is one of exploitation. Even if, like the modern sate, it appears for the time in history, and the property relationship does not present itself, as in precapitalist formations, as a "master servant relationship" as marx expresses it in capital. Despite the numerous difficulties present in the writings of marx and the marxist tradition, we believe that this approach is still relevant as a method of analysis of modern politics, and its differences with forms of power in pre-capitalist societies
Duhaime, Eric. "Capital et inventivité : de l'intellect général à General Electric." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC004/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims to clarify the economic role of science and technology within capitalism. To this end, it is first rooted in a discussion of the ideas elaborated by Karl Marx on this topic in respect with the industrial capitalism that was unfolding before him. Taking into account the transition from industrial to advanced capitalism, this dissertation then seeks to question the economic role of scientific and technological production into the specific context of advanced capitalism. Supporting an opposing view to the theory of “immaterial economy”, as developed by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, this dissertation has a twofold objective. On the one hand, it aims to uncover and reconstruct the way Marx problematizes the relationship of science and technology to the economical dynamics of his time and, on the other hand, to clarify the issues relating to the integration of scientific and technological production into contemporary economical dynamics
Legros, Benoit. "Misère de la sociologie : Nicos Poulantzas et le débat anglais sur la question de l’État dans le Marxisme." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19993.
Full textSperber, Nathan. "Repenser le capitalisme d'État : l'économie politique chinoise en perspective comparée." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0070.
Full textThis study seeks to revisit the notion of "state capitalism", at once theoretically and empirically, comparatively and monographically, in view of renewing the critical understanding of the state's involvement in capitalist markets in the current period. This endeavour is premised on a critical examination of the extant theoretical literature on state-market relations, including past writings that have grappled explicitly with "state capitalism", both in the previous century and in recent years. It entails, further, the design and implementation of a novel conceptual-methodological framework for the comparative assessment of degrees, modalities, and institutional sites of state control and influence over the economic process. Finally, it features an in-depth investigation of the institutional instantiations and societal ramifications of the party-state's economic attributions in the People's Republic of China, the national formation most frequently identified with state capitalism today. Overall, this study embodies an attempt to vindicate the relevance of a reconstructed concept of state capitalism for critical political economy, and specifically for the research agenda on comparative capitalism. Additionally, it purports to reclaim the problematics of social agency and elite formation in relation to the elucidation of the capitalist state. In so far as it sheds light on China's development trajectory in the reform era and on its present-day political-economic configuration, this study also represents an effort to further the integration of China within comparative research in political economy
Lebert, Didier. "Essais sur la structure et la dynamique du capitalisme contemporain et de la division internationale du travail." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010067.
Full textBrouste, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du profit chez Marx." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010008.
Full textMarx's thought is complex, unachieved (his main economic work « The Capital » performs less than 1 6 of his entire project) and often different from marxist theory. This thesis analyses some undevelopped aspects of Marx's theory and its links with the theory of profit and the rate of profit. It's the case of unproductive capital and the middle class, the agrar question and foreign trade. The second part of the thesis studies the process valorisation devalorisation andits relations with the falling rate of profit
Magne, Patrice. "La théorie marxienne et la thermodynamique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010046.
Full textThe « marxist » theory appears unable to show the richness of Marx and Engels works. We call their works as the « marxian » theory. This theorical corpus is feed explicitly and implicitly by natural sciences. For instance, thermodynamics propose a vue of the world compatible with the one proposed by marx and engels. First time, we showed the connexions between the thermodynamics and the marxian theory. This one has been elaborated inside a thermodynamical paradigm which conquered all the social thought and reality during the 19th century. The works of marx and engels was impregnated with this paradigm. We can see it in their large correspondance on natural sciences. Thermodynamics show through several indications in the marx's economic works. The principles of conservation and degradation of energy are widely srudied by engels in his dialectic of the nature and his anti-duhring. Thermodynamics have a concrete translation in the marx's economic works. In our second part, we analyse the working strengh concept in the light of energy conservation principle. This analysis pushed us to study the works of the ukrainian sergei podolinsky who tried to convince marx of the utility of a rapprochement with the energy science. This attempt of mesuring work by energy has not been carried out. An ecoenergetical tradition slowly grew up. E. Sacher made ecoenergetical works which restarted the ideas of podolinsky. W. Ostwald created the energetical monism which attracted some marxists (bogdanov and bukharin). That tradition had two last defensors, smit and klepikov, who tried, in the reign of lenin, to elaborate a theory of the fixing of wages by the energetical content of human labour. Our third part aims to show the correspondance between the marxian vision of the evolution of societies, and the entropy principle extracted from the energy degradation principle. Our analysis permited us to show that the marxian direction of history is inspired by the hegelian philosophy, the entropy principle and the darwinian evolutionarism. So, the historical materialism generate a thermo-hegelian-darwinian evolution principle
Long, Zhiming. "Growth, institutions and "socialist transition with chinese characteristics"." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E043/document.
Full textThe rise of emerging economies and their increasing contributions to the world’s economy has led to the development of the science of economics. China is a typical representative of emerging market economies. This economic phenomenon pushes the development of economic growth theory, and the problems in empirical analyses also promote econometric techniques. Though China is still a developing country, China has successfully dragged itself out of absolute poverty. Is the technique of China’s economic development an alternative method for the struggle against the poverty of other poor countries? With the lack of modern international standard data, the empirical analyses of modern economic growth theories in the literature are generally focused on the period after the opening-up reform in 1978 or the period after the fiscal reform in 1993. In this thesis, the author attempts to extend the vision, by further analyzing China’s economy using modern economic approaches since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Alongside the wave of privatization, marketization, and liberalization in the countries of the former Soviet Union, socialist countries, and developing countries, China has also begun its economic reform since 1978 in which it has achieved great economic success. Chinese policymakers themselves contribute the rapid economic growth to the success of the institutional choice. For instance, Hu Jintao’s report at the 17th Party Congress (2007) has the following assertion: “To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” However, what does the so-called “socialism with Chinese characteristics” really mean? How does it work on the path of economic growth? All those interesting questions incite this thesis to explore the answers. [...]
Fjeld, Anders. "L'expérimentation de n'importe qui : Du défi de Marx à la cartographie ranciérienne des formations sociales." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC027.
Full textHow to understand the idea of experimenting as anyone? We will interrogate the way in which experimentation defines its problems, opens new possibilities and engages transformative processes of our social spaces. In order to do so, it is necessary to develop an "aesthetic cartography" of the social realm, in order to map the several worlds being explored in this realm, with their different problems, coordinates and horizons, as well as to understand how they interact and enter into conflict. We enter into these reflexions through a mutual questioning of Karl Marx and Jacques Rancière, trying to identity the democratic tendencies of Marx with the hypothesis that Rancière's philosophy radicalizes them. This will permit us to reject the common interpretations of Rancière and engage a reevaluation of his works from 1974 to today in order to search for other continuities and conceptual developments. From there, we develop the idea of an aesthetic cartography linked to an "ethics of the problem", as well as four experimental registers, and thus four respective social formations: police, utopia, politics and democracy. We will develop these ideas through readings of the experimentations of Claudette Colvin, Alphonse Bertillon, Jean-Baptiste André Godin, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Louis Gabriel Gauny, Lewis Carroll (revisited by Walt Disney) and James Agee
Langlois, Philippe. "Les crises structurelles du système capitaliste comme l'écroulement d'un régime d'accumulation : une approche régulationiste." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3412/1/M11447.pdf.
Full textGaudreau, Louis. "La fixation du capital dans la propriété foncière : étude de l'évolution des conditions spatiales de la reproduction du capitalisme." Thèse, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5387/1/D2429.pdf.
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