Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie ouverte'
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Portier, Bruno Catherine. "Les fluctuations conjoncturelles en économie ouverte." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010077.
Full textIn this thesis economic fluctuations are studied in an open-economy context. More precisely, two stylized configurations are adopted : the first one concerns a small open economy; the second one concerns an economy composed of two countries. In each case, an econometric analusis based on the var methodology precedes an original theoretical modelisation. The impulsion-propagation scheme is the common background to empirical and theoretical models we develop in this thesis. We show that it is impossible to analyze the french economy without considering the rest of the world
Ouyahia, Emmanuel. "Macrodynamique et pollution internationale en économie ouverte." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0007.
Full textSustainable development incorporates an international dimension particularly through physical links between ecological-systems (eg. Acid rains and greenhouse effect) and economic links between countries (eg. International trade and finance). From this point of view, as we show it in the firts chapter of our thesis, economic literature has focused mainly on some of these issues without handling all of them simultanously. In order to filling this gap, in the second chapter, we have extended the neoclassical models of growth to the case of international pollution and trade. In the third chapter we have extended the harrod-domar's growth model to the case of international pollution in open economy. In the last chapter, owing to the samuelson's correspondance principle between comparative statics and dynamics, we have introduced international pollution in a dynamic model of mundell-fleming type
Dai, Meixing. "La politique budgétaire en économie ouverte : approches intertemporelles." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1EC01.
Full textThis thesis proposes a synthesis and extensions of the intertemporal approaches of the budget policy in open economy. A significant characteristic of these approaches is that they explain the external position (balances of payments) of an economy in terms of optimal behaviors of the consumers subjected to intertemporal budgetary constraints and in terms of optimal intertemporal behaviors of the firms. The fiscal policy, defined mainly like a policy of public spending financed by a lump tax taken on the consumers, can have very different effects according to the approach, the structure and particular assumptions of each model
Rama, Martin. "éséquilibres et accumulation du capital en économie ouverte." Paris 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA010106.
Full textVangah, Kouassi Hubert. "Problématique de la relance budgétaire en économie ouverte." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF10076.
Full textThe budgetary revival is losing efficacy in the present economic environment. From the interior angle, this lose of efficacy is made out through the problem of the interior development. As a matter of fact, the world-wide spreading of the economies and the behaviour of economic agents faced with inflation, with the increase in the interest rates and in the fiscal pressure, reduce the efficacy of the budgetary policy upon the gross national product. The cases of france, of the USA, of Japan, and of the Federal Republic of Germany, provide, to a certain extent, confirmation of this theoretical result. From the exterior angle, this lose of efficacy is viewed through the problem of the exterior deficit. The seriousness of this problem posed by the revival, takes into account the degree of competitiveness of the economy examined. Thus, we can only single out - among the countries we quoted before- Japan and the Federal Republic of Germany, which are able to bear revival measures without suffering serious consequences. All things considered, budgetary revivals in disorganized order are doomed to failure. So they must be replaced by a devised revival policy
Pieretti, Patrice. "Déterminants d'une très petite économie ouverte : [thèse sur travaux]." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0009.
Full textThe research is based on the fact that a very small open country is constrained in at least two fundamental ways: * first it is very likely to suffer from a very limited demand as a consequence of a tiny domestic market (cf. Parts I and III). * second, concerning the supply side it is dramatically lacking in human, physical and technical resources (cf. Part II). The thesis is organized as follows: part I: the incidence of indirect taxation of a small state on cross-border shopping. A spatial approach is adopted. Within this framework two alternative settings are considered; the first is based on the Hotelling-Bertrand model and the second on the loesch variety. Part II: the externally driven growth of a small open country. In this context following issues are treated: * the set up (in the solow growth framework) of a basic model which grasps major stylized facts of a very small open economy. * the reconsideration of the basic specification a) by integrating cross-border labour (solow framework and endogenous growth). B) by integrating inflows of foreign owned capital (solow framework and endogenous growth). Part ii: foreign price sensitivity in a small country export sector: the case of Luxemburg this part is concerned with the (price and cost) competitiviness of a very small country which, as a matter of fact, produces almost solely for exports. In a first step the optimal behaviour of a representative exporter is modeled. This analysis leads to a testable form of the foreign price sensitivity of domestic firms. The empirical investigation is based on data from Luxemburg's manufacturing sector
Abid, Lobna. "Dynamique de l'endettement public en économie ouverte : modèle de simulation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5945.
Full textPéchoux, Isabelle. "Contribution à l' analyse des politiques environnementales en économie ouverte." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10103.
Full textThe first chapter analyses the effect of international mobility on the environmental quality. The second chapter is devoted to the effects of environmental policies on the possibilities of bilateral trade in the short term and on the impact in the long term of the decisions of environmental policy on the location of firms. The third chapter studies the effect of opening borders to international competition between two regulated monopolies when production generates transboundary pollution and examines the consequences of delegating the choice of environmental policy at a supranational level
Chevallier, François. "La Contrainte d'endettement dans la dynamique d'une petite économie ouverte." Paris 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA010028.
Full textBorgy, Vladimir. "Les fluctuations d'une petite économie ouverte : applications à l'économie française." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010072.
Full textEboué, Chicot M. "Les politiques de normes monétaires en économie ouverte : le cas français." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR1D309.
Full textGallimard, Gilles. "Systèmes financiers différenciés et financement des déficits budgétaires en économie ouverte." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100146.
Full textAn historical recalling and a review of the whole works which have initiated the improved the bipolar concept of overdraft-economy and auto-economy, enable to catch a differentiation form foundation for financial system of which a new definition as criteria classification is proposed. The frontiers permeability incidence is took up through this approach. During the second part, these definitions allow to demonstrate that fiscal deficits founding methods can, like financial mechanisms in which they take place, noticeably be dissimilar according as the system is an overdraft economy or an auto-economy: later than a review of the manifold public founding methods, it is demonstrated that, in auto-economy, a sound fiscal deficits financing cannot be reached but learnedly apportion potentially inflationist and potentially crowding out effects productive instruments, while, in overdraft economy, more typically inflationists solutions can be completed, for the most pure cases, by the release of the very beneficient “dam affect” transferable securities debt’s recovering). This adjustments analysis reaches his whole complexity with the ceaselessly moving anticipations influence, like with the growing financial systems international interdependence, which leads to a progressive homogeneity of the nationals financial mechanisms. During the third part, an empiric investigation enable to put into practice the classification method of which the necessity has been demonstrated, in theoretical way, during the second part. And so, France appears like an overdraft economy, which, under a “dam effect” action, is drawing nearer to the auto-economy state. Lastly, United Kingdom is an equivocal case because of the influence of his privileged role in the inexorably extending international integration phenomenon
Costa, Sandrine. "Evaluation de projets en économie ouverte : application aux cas des biocarburants." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100056.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis belongs to the field of cost-benefit analysis of project in open economies. The goal of this study is to perform a second-best analysis of a project to produce energy from agricultural products (oilseeds), in the European context of the common agricultural policy (cap) reform. In this context, energetic oilseeds production could give supplementary revenue to crop producers. We propose here a methodology, which allows us to analyses the redistributive effects and the effects on agricultural markets of this project, and which includes explicitly the tools of the cap. We analyses the conditions necessary for the social profitability when the public authority is a member state. Then we show that the project is a bad mean to increase farmers income on set-aside land and that induced effects on agricultural markets may be non-negligible. When the public authority is the European Union, we show that the redistributive effects of a gain of income of this population don't have to be included in the cost-benefit analysis of the project. At the end, we develop this methodology to include uncertainty on the price of energy. Then we show that the production of energy from agricultural products is an assurance, when there is a risk of oil price shock
Restout, Romain. "Les modèles d'équilibre général dynamiques à deux secteurs en économie ouverte." Lyon, École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENSF0060.
Full textDynamic general equilibrium models with two sectors (traded goods and non traded goods) have emerged as a wokhorse for the analysis of a small open economy and provide a suitable framework to understand implications and transmission mechanism of economic policies. Armed with the continuous time two-sector model developed by Turnovsky and Sen [1995] (see description in Chapter 1), the present essays explore in detail critical issues in international macroeconomics : temporary fiscal policies (Chapter 2), tax reforms (Chapter 3) and sectoral inflation dynamics (Chapter 4). The dissertation's main objective is twofold : to provide new theoretical and empirical insights on the three aforementioned issues and to show that our two-sector framework is well suited for dealing these complex issues. In order to obtain consistent results, different tools are used throughout this dissertation : construction of tractable dynamic general equilibrium models, numerical simulations and econometric analysis. Overall, the introduction of non traded goods in a dynamic general equilibrium models for a small open economy used for policy analysis not only enhances significantly the realism of those models, but it can also uncover interesting insights that may be relevant for the design of economic policies and helpful to understand the basic mechanisms at work
Kauffmann, Céline. "La complémentarité des déterminants de la croissance économique à long terme." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010034.
Full textMesplé-Somps, Sandrine. "Biens publics de production et équilibre général : e analyse de chocs de dépenses publiques en économie ouverte sous ajustement." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010068.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to examine how the macroeconomics models of stabilization are modified when public expenditures are supposed to be public intermediate goods. The existence of a general equilibrium and the haberler and rybczynski theorems are verified in a Ricaro-Viner-Jones model with a public intermediate good. This first investigation allows to analyze the impacts of public expenditures variations within the framework of the model of a dependent economy. We show that the standard conclusions of this model are not robust. The findings of the monetary approach of the balance of payments are also modified. The indirect impacts of public expenditures variations are more complex when the hypothesis of unemployment is introduced. This analysis allows to understand better the impacts of the international aid and to improves the Harris-Todaro model
Adjogou, Adjobo Folly Dzigbodi. "L'accélérateur financier dans un modèle néo-keynésien d'économie ouverte." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27139/27139.pdf.
Full textWarin, Thierry. "Crédibilité des banques centrales et discipline monétaire : un modèle en économie ouverte." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020075.
Full textZhang, Yunchang. "Investissement étranger et développement en économie ouverte : le cas de la Chine." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100080.
Full textSince the beginning year of the 1990s, inflows of foreign investment to developing countries have increased rapidly. As a developing country as China has collected a mass foreign investment, particularly foreign direct investment due to the economic reform which orients the country to a market economy. A developing country can profit from the foreign investment, because it can relieve the difficulties of capital shortage, stimulate a rapid growth of its economy, improve the living standards of its people and raise the competitiveness of their firms either in domestic markets or in international markets. Nevertheless, some foreign investments may take some negative effects to the economy of a host country. . .
Amable, Bruno. "Changement technique endogène en économie ouverte : institutions et trajectoires nationales de croissance." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0029.
Full textNational growth are functions of the quality of their international specialization, the latter is influenced by endogenous technological change. Phenomena such as dynamic economies of scale engender cumulative trajectories that combine economic growth and competitiveness. Institutional mechanisms in each country explain national differences with regard to cumulative mechanisms linked to technological change
Nyankiye, Francine. "Modèle de cycle réel pour une petite économie ouverte: le cas du Cameroun." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8277.
Full textGente, Karine. "Les fondamentaux du taux de change réel d'équilibre dans une petite économie ouverte." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX24001.pdf.
Full textYougbaré, Lassana. "Effets macroéconomiques des régimes de change : essais sur la volatilité, la croissance économique et les déséquilibres du taux de change réel." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377436/document.
Full textRecognizing the importance of the exchange rate system for open economies, we study the macroeconomic effects of exchange rate regimes. In the first chapter, we define the exchange rate regime and discuss the official or de jure classification of exchange regimes by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as well as de factoclassifications developed by Levy Yeyati and Sturzenegger (2005) and by Reinhart and Rogoff (2003). We subsequently discuss the question of which classification(s) of regimes to use. In the second chapter, the impact of exchange rate regimes on growth volatility is investigated. Building on the literature on the relationships between the exchange rate arrangement and volatility and the literature on the determinants of growth volatility, the objective is to know whether the exchange rate system affects growth volatility once the determinants of volatility identified by the existing literature are controlled for. The chapter also assesses the channels through which the exchange rate regime affects volatility. In particular, we ask whether the contribution of terms of trade instability to growth volatility is influenced by the exchange rate arrangement. Is the impact of the exchange rate regime on volatility affected by financial and economic development ? Volatility or instability is measured from a trend which process is obtained from panel unit root tests. By using de jure exchange rate regimes along with de facto ones as classified by Reinhart et Rogoff (2003), we are able to assess the sensitivity of the results to the classification of exchange regimes. In the third chapter, the analysis is taken a step further by investigating whether the relation between growth and volatility is modified by the exchange rate system. Does the exchange rate regime modify the direct impact of volatility on growth ? In other words, does a given level of volatility reduces output growth identically under fixed and flexible regimes ? Moreover, are the indirect effects of volatility on the growth rate of per capita real output modified by the exchange rate system ? To answer the latter question, the channels of investment, human capital, trade and financial development are considered. Another objective of the chapter is to verify whether the effects of exchange rate regimes and volatility on output growth are heterogeneous or not according to the very quantiles of output growth. To pursue this avenue, we use the technique of regression quantiles with instrumental variables. In the fourth chapter, the impact of the exchange rate arrangement on the economy's adjustment is analyzed. Does the adjustment of the economy – measured by real exchange rate misalignment – depend on the exchange rate regime ? Is the impact of the exchange rate system on misalignment explained by its effects on real overvaluation and undervaluation episodes ? What do de jure and de facto exchange rate regimes, and deviations of announced from observed exchange rate policies reveal ? To answer these questions, we follow two steps. In the first one, a cointegration relation between the real exchange rate and its real and nominal determinants is estimated using non stationary panel techniques (Pedroni, 1996, 2000 and 2004) in the samples of low income, middle income and high income countries. Misalignment is then obtained as the deviation of the actual real exchange rate from its equilibrium value, the latter being determined by the equilibrium values of the fundamentals. In the second step, the impact of the exchange rate regime on the economy's adjustment is assessed using the measure of real exchange rate misalignment computed in the first step
Safa, Mohamad. "Libéralisation financière et mobilisation de l'épargne en économie ouverte : le cas de la Turquie." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0023.
Full textThe analysis of the theoretical foundations of financial liberalization permitted to put in evidence the fundamental differences between neoclassic and keynesian approaches. The first ones insist on the rise of interest rates, the opening of capital account, the deregulation of banking and financial system and the recall of state. Their objective is the mobilization of national saving and the improvement of its affectation. On the other hand, second ones believe on the remaining the interest rate to a weak level to rise investment, defend the internal regulation to avoid the speculative investments of collected resources, refuse a complete financial opening to protect the economy from exchange risks, and defend the active and regulating role of the state. In this theoretical context, the empirical analysis of financial liberalization effects in turkey enables us to extricate the following findings. It is true that the private saving has effectively progressed , especially its financial component and so the rise of collected deposits, and that the financial reforms involved have really contributed to the development of financial intermediation. However, if the improvement of the resource collection is sure, the efficiency of their distribution is far to be certain. Banks reduce their banking loans and orient their resources toward the public titles to speculative output. The financing of the budgetary deficit by way of loans on the market at high interest rates increased considerably the financial requirements of state, decreased its investment and reduced its saving. The econometric analysis of the private saving rise excludes all direct meaningful influence of the interest rate and rather puts in evidence the role of the deterioration of the public finances and the dollarisation of the economy. It is in fact a strictly negative determinant for the other parts of the economy and a source of a major macroeconomic instability. It put into complexion the drawbacks of financial liberalization and throw a doubt on its theoretical and empiric relevance at least in the case of turkey
Carayol, Nicolas. "Propriétés et défaillances de la science ouverte : essais en économie de la "science imparfaite"." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10078.
Full textThe social institution of academic science, called open science, is governed by formal and informal rules and norms that organize creation, disclosure and evaluation of scientific knowledge. These rules and norms are constituting original reward system and coordination mode that exhibit well suited incentive structure for collective and decentralized knowledge creation. Especially, they permit to solve traditional economic problems like the simultaneous preservation of knowledge spillovers. This way, what we obtain is an ideal representation of science that we may call "perfect science", with regard to which, the effective functioning of science obviously encounters failures. Its analysis, explored by the different essays of the thesis, may be called "economics of imperfect science"
Haddad, Elie. "Dynamiques locales de la compétitivité en économie ouverte : application aux industries agro-alimentaires au Liban." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10029.
Full textApparu, Rodolphe. "La place des services dans la croissance : application à une petite économie ouverte, le Luxembourg." Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN20003.
Full textBecause of the former tradition in economy, the relation of the services in the growth is considered as negative, even disastrous. The services are generally told to be little productive and source of inflation. Thanks to the contributions of DE BANDT in France and GRILICHES in United States, thanks also in the development of the New Information Technologies, this idea is more and more questioned today. The weak productivity noticed in the services often ensues from problems to measure their product. Tools used to appreciate the productivity in the manufacturing are transposed into the services while they are not still adaptedto measure the product of immaterial activities. The object of the present work is to set up a model which reports the place of the services in the growth. Our works, which are inspired by those of ROMER and GROSSMAN & HELPMAN do not allow to identify the place of every service in the growth, but indicate that, in a global way, the services are source of growth and the produced quantities and the wealth of peoples. This result is not innovative in the sense where numerous activities of services are today considered for beeing the mainspring of growth, as described by GRILICHES, GORDON or DE BANDT. Our contribution is to present a theoretical model which justifies the emergence of the services through the rational behaviour of the producers (maximisation of the profit) and consumers (maximisation of the utility). This model is also used to try to perceive the impact of the dimension of an economy on its growth. On the basis of a study of the case of Luxembourg, it emerges that, in spite of of the smallness of the domestic market, and the weak human, finanacial and natural resources, the small dimension sometimes supplies a frame favorable to the growth because of a capacity of adaptation more important than the big nations
Watoukoula, Diassiloua Jean d'Arc Bienvenu. "Analyse des déterminants de l'inflation dans une "petite" économie ouverte en développement : l'exemple du Congo." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0006.
Full textInflation as macroeconomic phenomenon include background a large number of economic questions aspects. Her efficient apprehension is a efficacious manner to dispose needfull factors to make adequate economics policies. Similar explanations cannot be given about inflation in differents countries because they are heterogeneous and everyone presente own specific characteristic : economics, institutionnal and structural. Thus some dominant theories can or cannot be valided in certains countries. Inflation analysis in congo's case revealed the existence of exogeneous and endogeneous mecanisms which have an influence on the level of inflation rate : (i) the structure of congo's productive system (his weakness); (ii) the dependence towards foreign exchange and his appurtenance into cfa currency area (through monetary and budgetary policies, and the over-estimate of cfa currency). In this way, the coexistence of "permissive factors" of inflation and the factors which moderate rising price, both theme generate the disguising mecanism in the level of inflation in congo's economy during 1970-1991
Daymon, Caroline. "Croissance, inégalité et pauvreté en économie ouverte : une application aux pays de la région MENA." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24015.
Full textThe first part of this thesis (Chapter 1 and 2) is the theoretical and methodological basis. The first contribution of this thesis is to highlight the most efficient indicators of poverty and inequality, and decomposition dynamics of poverty (Chapter1). The EHII database is selected and is extended in this thesis. The second chapter tests the main theories of the growth-distribution relationship. It appears that MENA countries are still too far from the turning point of Kuznets to hope that growth alone is reducing poverty, thereby highlighting the need to promote the “inequality effect” in these countries. In the second part of this thesis (Chapter 3 et 4) the emphasis is on the need to fight against injustice in the MENA and report the problem of intergenerational persistence of inequality. An empirical test applied to MENA highlights the importance of quality of education and of governance in those countries (Chapter 3). We also verify empirically the existence of inequality traps at the international level (Chapter 4). These first four chapters, and recommendations to which they lead are put into perspective through the study of the impact of openness on the wage and income distribution (Chapter 5), and a partial specialization of countries Mediterranean in the particular sector of textile and clothing industry. It assesses its impact on the ability of countries to have a pro-poor growth (Chapter 6)
Desgagnés, Hélène. "Le choc technologique dans un modèle dynamique de petite économie ouverte : une approche bayésienne pour le cas canadien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26677/26677.pdf.
Full textOuld, Mohamed Yahya Cheikh Brahim. "Le rôle de la banque centrale dans une petite économie ouverte : le cas de la Mauritanie." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0015.
Full textLemus, Antonio. "Les effets des chocs internes et externes sur une petite économie ouverte : le cas du Chili." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100141/document.
Full textThe economic globalization is probably the main feature of the 21st century world economy, with economic integration and interdependence of national economies across the world particularly common in commodity and financial markets. Such a context greatly affect all types of economies though those small, dependent on commodity exports, and open to global financial markets are usually the most exposed. Having in mind this scenario, in this Ph.D. dissertation we explore the effectiveness of the Chilean fiscal policy and the effects of commodity prices and foreign financial shocks, on the Chilean GDP and other macroeconomic fundamentals using an empirical approach based on alternative vector autoregressive models.To understand the effectiveness of the country’s fiscal policy aiming at guarantying macroeconomic stability, in the Chapter 1 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the dynamic effects of fiscal policy on the Chilean macroeconomic fundamentals and the size of fiscal multipliers. Chapter 2 examines how shocks to commodity prices affect the Chilean economic output, fiscal accounts and private consumption, based on correlations analysis and vector autoregression models. In the Chapter 3 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the effect of foreign financial shocks on the Chilean real economy
Al-Taleb, Ghassan. "Système financier sans intérêt et financement de l'économie dans une économie ouverte : le cas de l'Egypte et du Pakistan." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0017.
Full textThe role of the interest rate is important in the modern financial system. It affects also the volume of credits destined for financing the economy. However, we have seen in the last two decades the emergence in a few muslim countries of a financial system who, for islamic doctring, prohibit the interest rate (ribx). Such a system gives raise to a new instruments based on profit - and - loss sharing mondavaba ; moucharaka and mouvabaha. This work outlines the experiences of egypt and pakistan. It permits to schow the advantages and limits of such a system
Rocherieux, François. "Recherches sur la dynamique de l'emploi et les structures industrielles en économie ouverte : la France 1959-1983." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100045.
Full textMbaye, Ahmadou Aly. "Promotion des exportations et croissance de l’output global dans une petite économie ouverte : le cas du Sénégal." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10202.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied the relationship between export promotion policies and economic growth in Senegal. On the one hand, we have examined the impact of deprotection on resources allocation. On the other hand, the relationship between trade liberalization and aggregate output growth is more closely studied. Most of the conclusions of the protection theory could not be established by the empirical analysis performed in this work
Dubois, Nicolas. "Des conséquences de l'ouverture et de la concurrence imparfaite sur les relations entre croissance et infrastructures publiques." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0697d7fa-01a6-4e9b-9614-f5fca2cc85f0.
Full textEl, Gemayel Joseph. "De la dynamique monétaire du processus hyperinflationniste dans une économie ouverte de petite taille : le cas du Liban." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010043.
Full textLe, Treut Gaëlle. "Développements méthodologiques pour la modélisation hybride : conséquences pour l'analyse de la politique climatique dans une économie ouverte (France)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1131/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the issue of data hybridisation for energy-economy-environment modelling and its implications for climate policy in the case of France.The work emphasises the importance of building a hybrid representation of the economy, articulating coherently the economic framework of national accounts and the physical flows, provided by sectoral database (energy balance, industrial statistics). Assuming that it is possible to reduce the uncertainties of data construction, thanks to the equilibrium constraints of flows, this thesis first introduces a method which overcomes the problems of non-coherent nomenclatures, disparate data, or simply missing ones. We show that this hybridisation procedure allows to better describe the weight of both the energy in the French productive system and key sectors of the economy (cement, steel).The hybrid framework then serves to feed the IMACLIM general equilibrium model. The model is used to explore to what extent the hybrid accounts give an opportunity to renew discussion on the introduction of a unilateral carbon tax in France.We first measure the importance of the hybridisation procedure for assessing the macroeconomic impact of climate policy.Then, the sectoral disaggregation allows us to conduct a discussion around central but controversial parameters of modelling: the international trade elasticity and the wage curve interpreted as an indicator of the wage bargaining power. The thesis shows in particular that it is possible, thanks to the progress on the sectoral description, to take into account heterogeneous representation of wage formation between sectors while linking them to their level of exposure to external trade.Finally, the thesis proposes a methodology to evaluate different emission inventories of CO2, such as "consumption-based" emissions, and emissions embodied in imports while relying on the hybrid framework. We thus provide original insights on the drivers of emissions in France which could extend the analyses to other policies such as the adjustment of a carbon tax at the borders
Jebli, Sinda. "Une analyse de l'importance des facteurs financiers dans le mécanisme de transmission de la politique monétaire en économie ouverte." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G009.
Full textThe return of financial problems for several years has led to a consideration of financial frictions in the New Keynesian models. This thesis attempts to analyze the mechanisms of transmission of financial shocks on the real economy, in the context of a small open economy. The first theoretical approach of this thesis shows that the central bank can be misled by relying on a standard model without the banking sector. It also shows that the implications of financial constraints are relatively more important for the transmission of financial shocks to the main aggregates of a small open economy. The second theoretical approach, which seeks to study the interaction between capital regulation and monetary policy, shows that the introduction of the debt ratio in the Taylor rule does not improve performance compared to a standard interest rate rule. This thesis also proposes an empirical approach to test firstly, the presence of a financial accelerator in the Czech Republic ad secondly, to show that sensitivity to financial constraints is different depending on the size of firms. The results show that micro-firms, more dependent on bank credit, show a strong sensitivity of their investment behavior to the costs of access to external financing
Nkoa, François. "Circulation internationale des connaissances technologiques, politique commerciale et croissance de la productivité dans les stratégies d'industrialisation en économie ouverte." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10064.
Full textKolozsi, Pál Péter. "Libéralisation commerciale et politique de change : possibilités et contraintes dans une petite économie ouverte : le cas de la Hongrie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9je5hhe4q4.
Full textThe thesis is based on two main ideas: the institutions matter concerning the success of economic policy during the trade liberalization process and monetary policy can be seen as a key factor from that point of view. The line of argument of the thesis is based on a theoretical model of trade balance, inflation and exchange rate. The model is applied to the case of Hungary and the Hungarian experiences back the main conclusions of the model: monetary and exchange rate policy is unsustainable if it is determined without taking into consideration the trade effects. The economic history of Hungary between 1989 and 2009 gives several examples for that unsustainability. Chapter 1 describes the development of institutionalism; chapter 2 demonstrates the importance of monetary policy as an institution from the point of view of trade liberalization describes the optimal monetary policy and explains why it is difficult to follow that policy. Chapter 3 presents the relationship between exchange rate policy and trade. Chapter 4 outlines the functioning of manipulative exchange rate policies. Chapter 5 presents the model deficit-inflation. Chapter 6 presents the Hungarian experiences and underlines that monetary policy focused only on disinflation has to fail and the independence of the central bank can even represent risks to the economies in transition
Jeffers, Sasson Esther. "La globalisation financière en économie ouverte : le rôle des investisseurs américains dans l'évolution de la place financière de Paris." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100157.
Full textThe french financial system underwent profound changes starting in the eighties, following the dereglementation and liberalization measures adopted first in the united states and later in the united kingdom and in the main industrialized countries. At the center of the reform are the race for foreign capital and the transformation of paris into an international financial center within a financial arena that has become world-wide. This process has been the subject of numerous theoretical contributions but few empiric studies. The goal of this study is two-folddescribe and quantify, in order to better understand it, the process by which nonresident investors and notably the american pension funds operate on the french market and analyze the impact of this presence on the evolution of french companies and the financial market
Borga, Ruthlande. "Différentiel des prix, volatilité du taux de change et inflation : les contraintes d’une petite économie ouverte : le cas d’Haïti." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G017.
Full textThis study aims to evaluate, on the one hand, the role of the inflation differential in the exchange rate volatility and, on the other hand, the impact of this volatility in explaining inflation and in implementation of monetary policy in a small open economy such as Haiti, a net importing country with the United States as its main trading partner. To determine the impact of the inflation differential on the volatility of the exchange rate, we estimate a GARCH model. The results of the estimation of the variance equation showed that a 1% increase in the inflation differential between the two (2) countries causes a 0.02% increase in exchange rate volatility. In addition, the volatility of the exchange rate has a positive impact on inflation. Following the estimation of the determinants of inflation by a VAR (1) model, the impulse response function revealed that after a shock, the pass-through of the exchange rate on consumer prices is more than complete after six months with shock transmission at over 100%. The effect increases gradually to 110% after two quarters then to 165% and 184% in the third and fourth quarters. In the case of pass-through on imported inflation, a shock of the exchange rate give rise to 2.7% on imported prices after two quarters and 3.6% in the third quarter. These results suggest that, unexpectedly, a shock on import prices does not have an immediate and significant impact on inflation, since its impact is estimated at 33% in the second quarter. Moreover, after one quarter, the variance of the forecast error of inflation is due to its own innovations. And after two quarters, the contribution of each variable to the variance of the forecast error becomes more precise. In this sense, about 5.61% of the variance of the inflation error is explained by the volatility of the exchange rate, 3.84% by the growth of the money supply M2 and 0.51% and 0, 02% by the variation of the import prices and the interest rate respectively. Given the dominant role of the nominal exchange rate in explaining inflation, does the Bank of the Republic of Haiti take into account the exchange rate in the orientation of its monetary policy by following a Ball rule? The results confirm that the Bank of the Republic of Haiti, rather than a traditional Taylor rule, follows a Ball rule by modifying its key interest rate according to the variation of the exchange rate (0, 65%). Similarly, the Haitian monetary authorities adopt a smoothing behavior since the introduction of the delayed interest rate has a coefficient of 0.81, which is significant. The dominance of the interest rate and the exchange rate, in the evolution of inflation and in the implementation of monetary policy, justifies the relevance of calculating an indicator of monetary conditions (ICM) by combining the two aforementioned variables. Two models were estimated: an equation of aggregate demand and one of inflation. The calculated relative weights indicate a larger weight of the certain exchange rate (-0.08) on inflation compared to that of the nominal interest rate (-0.005). These coefficients were used to calculate the real and nominal monetary Conditions Index (MCI). The coefficient of correlation between the nominal MCI and inflation was greater (54.62%) compared to that between the real MCI and inflation (-8.1%). Indeed, after an increase of inflation, the monetary authorities are forced to harden the nominal monetary conditions
Aman, Moustapha. "Currency Board et mouvements de capitaux dans une petite économie ouverte : modélisation en Equilibre Général Calculable appliquée à Djibouti." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0096.
Full textThe Currency Board is an exchange system in which the search for stability and monetary credibility is not based on a discretionary regulation of the Central Bank but on an adjustment mechanism assumed to be automatic: the dynamics of money supply follow the dynamics of foreign exchange reserves. This thesis focuses on the Djibouti experiment to study the functioning of a Currency Board. The Republic of Djibouti has the only existing Currency Board on the African continent since 1949. His longevity in a context of free movement of capital offers a unique and extremely valuable lesson. The resilience of institutional and geopolitical factors fully owned by foreign banking, and informal monetary practices (hawala transfers) explain this longevity. For instance, without the hawala transfers, there is no unambiguous relationship between the long-term dynamics of the balance of payments and the monetary base. The interaction of formal and informal sector provides a macro-monetary balance and stability.A static study of the fit of a general equilibrium (CGE) including the informal sector shows that the additional entries in currencies can be the source of an unlimited accumulation of foreign reserves and lead to a change in the balance between tradable and non-tradable sector
Mukoko, Mi Lissounga Anta. "Normes de dépollution et taxation environnementale : essais sur l'association et l'interaction de deux instruments environnementaux." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN0695.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the interactions between an environmental tax and a regulatory instrument (the performance standard or the technology mandate) in a competitive closed economy which can be opened to trade with the outside. We distinguish ourselves from the literature, which focuses on comparative studies of both environmental instruments. Moreover, the implications of this association are on the whole economy, taking into account the presence of other taxes. This new research framework, in addition to changing the behavior of economic agents leads to a redefinition of the social welfare. We then show that the rate of the environmental tax deviates from "reference" pigouvian value because of the presence of the regulatory instrument. We also note that the performance standard and the technology mandate do not have the same interactions with the environmental tax. This work is completed with the conditions for achieving a general equilibrium
Hoarau, Jean-François. "Le mésalignement du taux de change réel dans le cadre d'une petite économie ouverte : causes, procédures d'estimation et politiques de correction : une application à l'économie Australienne." La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_18_Hoarau.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims at analysing the conceptual and operational aspects of the real exchange rate misalignment for a small open economy. The first part focuses on the theoretical definition of the real misalignment. For that purpose, we introduce a new version of the NATREX model which studies the importance of several crucial structural parameters and the effect of a set of fondamental determinants on the equilibrium real exchange rate. The second part deals with the operational aspects of the real misalignment for Australia over the period 1976-2000. On one hand, we determine by means of econometric tools some indicators for the equilibrium real exchange rate and the misalignment, and the possible presence of structural breaks in the misalignment behavior. On the hand, we show that economic policy holds a decisive place in the real exchange rate distortions analysis. Indeed, this one can be both a cause of and a cure for the misalignment
Iliopulos, Eleni. "External imbalances and capital flows." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0043/document.
Full textThe Thesis focuses on international flows of human and financial capital. More precisely, it addresses two main issues: i) financial capital flows, current account and exchange rate dynamics in industrial countries; ii) human capital flows from poor regions to developed countries and optimal immigration policies.The first chapter of the thesis tracks current account dynamics in small open economies affected by positive demand shocks. This research has provided insights into balance of payments adjustment processes in presence of significant revaluation effects. In light of recent developments in the housing market, the second chapter studies the spillovers deriving from housing and their impact on balance of payments dynamics. The model is set in a DSGE New-Keynesian framework and accounts for both market imperfections and price rigidities. The second part of the thesis focuses on human capital flows and the implications for destination-countries immigration policies. We first analyze selective immigration policies and their implementation through the political voting process. This work shows that in a world where immigrants are characterized by different levels of skills and the implementation of policies entails some costs, it is optimal for the destination country to let at least a minimum amount of both skilled and unskilled immigrants enter the country. This framework has then been modified in the last chapter so as to account for the effects of migration on destination countries’ social programs and fiscal policy. It shows why closing borders is not optimal even if the destination-country policy maker maximizes the welfare of native citizens only
Arzelier, Marie-Pierre. "Impact d'un choc exogène sur la structure productive d'une petite économie ouverte : le cas de pays en développement exportateurs de pétrole." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX2A002.
Full textBésanger, Serge. "La politique monétaire d'une économie ouverte émergente face à un choc exogène : le cas de la Thaïlande de 1991 à 1997." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010065.
Full textThailand, whose public finances are in excedent, is not immune to exogenous shocks, as shown by the crises of 1991, 1995 and particu, larly 1997. This survey demonstrates that the latter crisis was mainly due to the worsening current account balance. In order to avoid the spread of the Mexican crisis to the Thai economy, the Thai government adopted in 1995 a restrictive monetary policy, including increases in interest rates. These increases triggered further capital inflows, which worsened the current account crisis. In front of such a shock, the central bank is faced with several monetary policy options. It can increase reserve requirements, sterilise inflows, enact capital controls. . . We shall demonstrate that most of these option are actually counter-productive. Our point of view is that sterilisations in particular tend to worsen capital shocks, under a fixed exchange rate framework. We shall demonstrate how thailand, an open economy that used to operate under fixed exchange rates, became the target of short term capital inflows. This survey demonstrates the paramount importance of an adequate exchange rate policy within the framework of an open economy. It further highlights the links between monetary policy, fiscal policy and exchange rate policy, in order to bring about a set of recommendations which may be extrapolates to other emerging open economies
El-Khalil, Youssef. "Les facteurs de développement industriel dans une petite économie ouverte en voie de développement : le secteur des biens capitaux au Liban." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF10170.
Full textSince her independance in 1943, Lebanon has followed an economic policy close to « laisser-faire » with government intervention concentrating on infrastructure in the capital. The mainstream political vision always conceptualized the country as a center of services, thus depriving agriculture and industry from government intervention and aid. The aim of this thesis is to propose the main headlines of an appropriate industrial policy for Lebanon at the time where the country is embarking into a period of massive post-war reconstruction after a prolonged governmental absence from the planning scene. The study is undertaken through an analysis of the classical factors affecting industrial development in the case of the Lebanese capital goods sector. The choice of the latter is made because of its importance in the development economics theory, it’s growing share within the Lebanese economy as well as its ability to interact with the different economic sectors among which construction