Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie politique – Afrique du Sud'
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Pons-Vignon, Nicolas. "Se tuer à la tâche : économie politique de la sous-traitance dans le secteur forestier sud-africain." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0123.
Full textThis study shows that the outsourcing implemented in the South African forestry sector since the 1980s, in which vertical integration has been replaced with a myriad of entrepreneurs, has weakened it economically. Rather than an unfortunate consequence, the casualization of workers has acted as a central motive to restructure. Restructuring has taken the form of chain-subcontracting relying on task payment in which wages are the leavings of profits. The inability of workers to organise collectively has allowed the large downstream transformation companies which dominate the sector to re-assert their authoritarian power over the labour process; they had feared to lose it when union mobilisation took place in the 1980s. The originality of this ‘extended case study’ is that it has adopted a perspective from below, putting workers at the heart of the analysis. This approach has shown the restructuring of the South African economy from the point of view of those who are most affected by it – workers –, but whose invisibility reflects the resistance to recognise the violence of capitalist relations of production in rural areas. The disarray of forestry workers does not prevent the plantations from being certified for their good social record. Dominant approaches to poverty, which seek to abstract it from the relations of production and reproduction which generate it, are not only useless but harmful for the poor. The form of casualization to which they are submitted leaves forestry workers with little margin for resistance, whether individual or collective
Bohn, Michaela. "L'intégration économique sud-africaine : une approche d'économie politique internationale." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21032.
Full textDiagne, Souleymane Astou. "Institutions et développement économique : Asie de l'Est et du Sud-Est et Afrique Subsaharienne." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131029.
Full textThe importance of institutions in the economic development path was stressed since more than century by Schmoller, Veblen and Commons. Since the beginning of the eighties, there was like a coming out of intuitionalists’ optics to offset the shortcomings of the neoclassical one to explain the development policies failures, which were inspired by the neoclassical ideology. It’s in this context that appears the new institutional economics analysis, looking for including in the economic policies suggestions, a set of new indicators which didn’t belong to economics, like the political institutions (elections, democracy, constitution…). This thesis starts from a statement: the countries of Africa and those of Asian Eastern and Asian Southern-East started almost from the same level of economic development in the sixties. The thesis has, afterward, three objectives: understanding the analyses and the concepts of the institutional economics, searching, thank of a comparative study, the reasons which make the Asian countries much more developed than the African ones, and finally, checking the links between institutions and economic development with econometric and statistical methods. We have assumed that the institutional factors were behind the Asian countries economic success and then behind the economic development. Three main questions underlie the chapters of this work. Understanding how the institutional analysis was born, the definition of the concept “institution” and its derivatives concepts, the way with which the institutional switch acts and understanding the theoretical reach of the institutional economics toolbox. Answers to these questions assume an early knowledge of the mains institutional economics optics, of Veblen, Schmoller, Commons, North, Willamson, Greif and Rodrik
Diallo, Aïssatou. "Dette, croissance, pauvreté et inégalités : Le cas de l’Afrique du Sud." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090023.
Full textThe overall goal of this dissertation is to evaluate the efficiency of the ANC (African National Congress) government economic policies. After its historic victory in 1994, ANC has unexpectedly applied liberal policies in a context of intense social difficulties in the country. We have tried to analyze the impact of these liberal policies on macroeconomic stability, economic growth and poverty and inequalities reduction in South Africa. In the first chapter, we describe the economic status of post Apartheid South Africa with a focus on the economic performances achieved during that period. An analysis of the evolution of poverty in South Africa post-apartheid is also featured in this chapter. In the second chapter, we analyze the nature of the relationships that exist between indebtedness, economic instabilities, economic growth and poverty. In the third chapter, we have developed a debt projection model for the South African economy that enabled us to evaluate the sustainability of the public and external debt of the country in a context of instabilities. In the fourth chapter we evaluated the impact of the healthy macroeconomic policies of the ANC government on the evolution of economic growth. This evaluation was conducted through an empirical evaluation of the sources of economic growth for the South African economy during the post-apartheid period. In the fifth chapter we appraise the efficiency of the ANC policies in terms of poverty and inequality reduction which was the main goal of the post apartheid regime. This appraisal was conducted using a model that enabled us to show and interpret the empirical links that exist between economic growth and some population welfare indicators such as household health and education expenditures. Vector autoregressive (VAR) methods were used in the empirical analysis conducted in chapter IV and V
Douillet, Mathilde. "Trade policies and agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa : comparative analysis in a Computable General Equilibrium framework." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/45eb019724sn6sg9melpggksl.
Full textThis dissertation aims at contributing to the comparative analysis of trade and agricultural policies in Sub-Saharan Africa from a policy coherence for development point of view. The framework is established by reviewing the policies historically implemented in the region, linking them to the history of economic thought. The debates on the role of agriculture for development and on the use of public intervention and trade policies to promote development strategies are explored justifying the need to prioritize potential policy reforms based on their impacts on agriculture and economic growth, and the choice of computable general equilibrium modeling. Chapter I highlights the main challenges and opportunities for Sub-Saharan African agricultural trade stemming from the changes in the global agricultural markets and the trade agreements currently negotiated. Chapter II and III show that global computable general equilibrium provides a useful tool to compare regional integration to multilateral integration, in terms of their impacts on gross domestic product, welfare and sectoral growth distribution. Chapter III is a case study on Malawi. The global model is linked to a national model including household data to compare the distributional impacts of trade policies and agricultural policies on poverty. This dissertation highlights that regional integration could bring substantial economic gains to Sub-Saharan Africa, together with more diversified and more processed agricultural exports than multilateral integration. Not all policy reform is found to equally reduce the poverty of the small-scale farmers, the majority of the poors and vulnerable in Sub-Saharan Africa
Litvine, Nikolaevich Igor. "Economic and Financial Cycles in South Africa." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0240/document.
Full textThis study is about cycles. Various cycles are all around us in nature, society and the humans body. However, our interest is in cycles in macroeconomic evolution. Specifically, we focus on business cycles, financial cycles, energy demand cycles and even in climatic change.Some cycles are very regular and therefore easily predictable. The cycles we investigate represent a distinct challenge for research as they are irregular, that is they do not have fixed periods. In many instances studying the cycles is preferred to studying the original as this allows the following:• Data compression/reduction;• Data smoothing, noise reduction, blurring;• Analysis of cycles in many instances is more robust;• Assessing performance of an investor or trader;• Modelling of peaks and troughs;• Comparing cycles (e.g. for synchronisation analysis).In our investigations we used a wide range of techniques – from quite straightforward linear regression (including proposed double-linear or LL-model) to sophisticated hybrid models, combining multivariate regression with artificial neural networks (ANN).The following highlights are mentionable:• Introduction of the concept of axiomatic definition of persistence;• The role of the Hurst exponent in analysis of cycles;• Establishing the link between axiomatic persistence and the Hurst exponent;• New fast method for estimation of Hurst exponent;• Hierarchical optimal dating of cycles in time series;• Hierarchical estimation of time series models, including ANN estimation.For our research we used both real data related to the South African national economy and simulated data. Wolfram Mathematica was used as the principal research tool
Monnet, Rodolphe. "La politique extérieure de l'Inde en Afrique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB025.
Full textSince 2001 and the reshuffling of the balance of power, India has become one of the influential actors in an increasingly multipolar international context. The current groundswells are reshuffling powers between Nations in shaping new alliances and new power games. India is, more than ever, involved in this trend since the current Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, came to power in 2014. He conducts an ambitious foreign policy as a means to make his country a global and respected power. The context of the issue detailed in this document is: to what extent does Africa's place in India's foreign policy enables India to reach this status of power? This thesis investigates the following three themes: Firstly, the Indian Ocean's place in the Indo-African relationship should reflect Africa's role in India's will to make the Indian Ocean region a peaceful and secured space in which India is a decisive player in front of powerful and heterogeneous political actors. Secondly, this thesis focuses on assessing Africa's role in India's initiatives to be an influential player on politics on the international agenda through international bodies, its bilateral relations with African states and the Indian diaspora settled down in these countries. Thirdly, India's search for that particular status goes through the economic area and the assessment of India's economic footprint in Africa to better establish its influence on that Continent. This study tries to shed the light on India's foreign policy while the United States are reassessing their involvement in the Indian Ocean, and while China is setting up its "One Belt, One Road" and India and Japan have just come together to propose a new partnership to Africa
Mendez-Leblond, Sacha, and Sacha Mendez-Leblond. "L'effet d'un programme d'aide sociale sur le confiage des enfants en Afrique du Sud." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24906.
Full textNous étudions l’impact d’une subvention sur le confiage des enfants en Afrique du sud. Près de 28 % des enfants non-orphelins de ce pays ne vivent pas avec leurs parents. Ces enfants peuvent être confiés lorsque leurs parents sont soumis à des contraintes financières. Aussi, les parents peuvent choisir d’envoyer leurs enfants pour de meilleures opportunités dans un autre ménage. En 1998, le gouvernement d’Afrique du Sud a introduit un programme d’aide à l’enfant Child Support grant (CSG) visant les enfants pauvres en particulier et qui prend la forme d’une allocation. Ce programme permet ainsi de protéger les familles et leurs enfants contre des variations économiques pouvant les affecter. Les parents peuvent réclamer l’allocation sauf dans le cas où une autre personne est responsable de l’enfant. Nous exploitons le seuil d’admissibilité de 7 ans à l’aide d’une méthode de régression discontinue afin d’évaluer l’effet de ce programme sur le confiage. Nous trouvons que le programme CSG contribue à diminuer le confiage des enfants pauvres. Ce résultat suggère que c’est la pauvreté qui pousse les parents à confier leurs enfants à des tiers.
Dika, Elokan Pierre-Paul. "La politique étrangère de la nouvelle Afrique du Sud : les défis de la conciliation entre intérêt national, intérêt continental et mondialisation." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000616.pdf.
Full textThirteen year after the end of the Apartheid, Republic of South Africa remain marked by the rebuilding of its socio-economical crucible and an ambitious foreign policy. Even if it relies on the African renaissance and the NEPAD to legitimate its interest for Africa, it remains hostage of its past and its situation of exceptionality which crop up its foreign policy. However, these factors poorly hide the national ambitions visible in its involvement in the resolution of conflicts and the economic development of the african continent, and finally its international commitments. Therefore the challenges of the conciliation between national interest, continental interest and globalization illustrate the will of the country to legitimate its interest for Africa to exist at the international level, in the prism of its status useful to the black continent
Ghelam, Abdelghani. "La problématique de la convergence : application aux économies du Maghreb." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_ghelam_a.pdf.
Full textJust like the many recent works on the literature trying to define the set of factors that may influence the economic growth and the convergence of incomes between country and areas, our study addresses the impact of the international trade on the convergence of per capita income, within a sample gathering Maghreb Countries and their major trade partners. Our research focused more particularly, using various approaches with the examination of the assumption of Ben David (1993, 1996) on the bilateral trade influence the convergence of the incomes per capita (Approach of Ben David et transverse Section); the influence of the geographical characteristics on the evolution of the trade (Frankel and Romer 1999); the direction of causality between trade and convergence (Cyrus Teresa 2004) and impacts of the nature of the productive system on the formation of the clubs of Convergence (Chatterji 1992). The results of our study are in contradiction with Ben David's assumption for the Maghreb countries with their major trade partners. Moreover, our research reveals the importance of the geographical characteristics to justify the international trade, and the existence of a bidirectional causality relationship between the international trade and convergence. However, the application of the methodology of Chatterji (1992) enabled us to demonstrate the absence from a «Club of convergence» for countries having a similar productive system
Péjout, Nicolas. "Contrôle et contestation : sociologie des politiques et modes d'appropriation des technologies de l'information et de la communication en Afrique du Sud post-apartheid." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0116.
Full textPost-apartheid South Africa is deeply ambivalent, combining, on the one hand, strong dynamics of domination, control and reproduction of power relations and structures and, on the other hand, movements that contest these dynamics and foster social change or social dis-order in favor of the dominated population. This articulation of control and contest is more and more using information and communication technologies (ICTs). Based on a sociological, economic and political analysis, covering the last semi-century, the main conclusion of the dissertation is as follows : in the way ICTs are promoted, used and developed through the policies and modes of appropriation deployed by South Africans and though the potential of ICTs is equal for control and for contest, these technologies are supporting the former rather than the latter, until now, given the diffusion of ICTs within the South African society
Gbotogbia, Mathias Bonaventure. "La problématique de l'exercice des droits et devoirs par les Etats africains au Sud Sahara au regard des principes de bonne gouvernance." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0034.
Full textDang, Hong Khanh. "La Francophonie et la coopération Vietnam - Afrique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3029.
Full textMy thesis addresses Vietnam’s request to enforce its cooperation with African countries, which at present is still modest despite its growing interest there. Vietnam finds itself in a context of accelerated globalization with the emergence of both capitalism and English language. On the international scene, new dynamics are observed, such as the strong economic growth of Southern countries like China, India and Brazil, and their remarkable cooperation with African countries. At the core of this process, what distinguishes Vietnam from other South-South cooperation is that it shares with Africa the Francophonie, a political and cultural organization gathering as of 2016, 80 States and governments who share French as a language.Their francophone bond was constructed through a common history linked to decolonization and to the fact of being both Third World countries. My work answers the following question: does Francophonie, as a cultural political construct, contribute to promote the cooperation between Vietnam and Africa, particularly in the economic sector? I use Max Weber and Jean Baeschler’s ideas on the origins of capitalism in order to demonstrate the potential and current reality of the Francophone element present in the cooperation between Vietnam and Africa before proposing Vietnam’s ‘Francophone’ strategy aiming at strengthening its role in Africa. The Vietnam-Africa cooperation may serve as a case study enabling to reflect on other francophone South-South cooperation
Migozzi, Julien. "Une ville à vendre : numérisation et financiarisation du marché du logement au Cap : stratification et ségrégation de la métropole émergente." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH007.
Full textThis thesis investigates the digitalization and financialization of the housing market in Cape Town, South Africa. Borrowing from economic sociology and urban geography, I develop the concept of "housing market assemblage" to both analyze and conceptualize how the evolution of market structures renews contemporary patterns of social stratification and urban segregation in an emerging global city. To do so, I use mixed methods that combine qualitative and quantitative approaches. Over 18 months of fieldwork, I conducted interviews with market professionals (real estate agents, property developers, mortgage brokers, bankers, investors) and households, while engaged in participant observation of a local estate agency in Cape Town's largest black township (Khayelitsha). Furthermore, I built a database of 900,000 residential real estate transactions and employed multivariate statistics and spatial analysis to track the evolution of prices and mortgages across the post-apartheid urban space. The thesis demonstrates how the housing market was reconfigured as a continuous flow of data through the adoption of digital platforms and the progressive making of housing as a financial asset on both the buyer's and rental markets. The market creates two filtering mechanisms with deep stratifying effects : (i) housing affordability is determined by the unequal spatial distribution of housing prices, on the one hand, and the social and racialized distribution of income and family assets, on the other, in a context of highly selective lending practises (ii) the hegemonic use of credit scoring technologies that allow the automated classification of South African citizens through an information dragnet of unprecedented sophistication and depth, both for the Global North and the Global South. Banks and newly formed corporate landlords use credit scoring to classify & select mortgage recipients and tenants, in a context of household indebtedness and enduring racial inequalities. The housing market operates therefore as a spatial economy of classification, whereby individuals, properties and neighborhoods are valued and classified according to profit and risk factors. Focusing on the market allows to engage more fully, but think beyond, prevailing concerns of the "post-apartheid" city: the spatial distribution of credit thus constitutes the main contemporary factor for both understanding and mapping the evolution of enduring inequalities and residential structures in the emerging South African city. In order to conceptualize this form of market stratification, I define the new middle class as a "filtered class", and processes of global urban integration through the ordering of financialized and digitalized housing market assemblages that both engender new urban forms and renew social-class patterns across the emerging city
Didier, Laurent. "Commerce Sud-Sud et "nouvelle" géographie du commerce international : le rôle des économies émergentes." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0020/document.
Full textThis thesis emphasises five aspects of relations between South-South trade and « new » geography of international trade. We particularly pay attention to the links between BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) but also between China and SSA. The first part attempts to demonstrate some characteristics concerning the mutation of South-South trade relations. In the Chapter 1, the heterogeneity of BRICs is confirmed from some factors of bilateral trade flows with SSA. In the Chapter 2, the South-South trade flows play a significant role in the geographic diversification of intra-African trade in terms of new trading partners. In the Chapter 3, the assumption of a trade reorientation of ex-colonies since independence with China at the expense of former colonial powers has been empirically validated. The second part studies the linkages between the foreign economic policy and South-South trade. The findings of the Chapter 4 highlight the significant impact of the « One China policy » on Chinese and Taiwanese trade flows through the economic diplomacy. The estimates of the Chapter 5 confirm the heterogeneous average effects but also over time of the African trade agreements on trade according to the nature of trading partners, the kinds of trade agreements and their overlapping
Gomis, François. "Les nouveaux défis et enjeux de la politique étrangère de la France en Afrique francophone subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D020.
Full textFrom 1960s to the end of the cold war, even beyond, the influence even the supremacy of France in the French-speaking territories in Sub-Saharan Africa is almost total. However, in this 21st century, the world competition in the research of new markets and the security of the energy supply leads inexorably the great powers to enter in “conflict of interests” by the mutual penetration of the “back-yards”. This is particularly true for France which has countries such as the United States, China, India, Brazil, Turkey, the Gulf Arab States, etc., to make a dramatic entrance in a geographical area where she judged it for a long time as her “exclusive domain” considering the historical, linguistic and political links. These new challenges and issues for the African policy of France are measured from now on, in the light of the transformations at work in the world with the globalization and the emergence of new powers of the South. The challenges and the issues are important for the external action of France and its place in the World, considering the fierce competition between new stakeholders and the ongoing African society changes. Nevertheless it still has economic, diplomatic and strategic assets which enable him to elaborate, thanks to the francophone cultural center, an original project, ambitious and promising. With this aim in mind, it will be necessary to answer to the two following questions: How to reform this traditional policy based on close and privileged relationships with African leaders without compromising, however, the comparative advantages of France on the spot? Which political strategy has to be implemented in order to identify the real common interests of the French and the French-speaking Africans, by taking into account the opportunities and threats, and to develop them in a mutually beneficial partnership?
Buga, Cristina. "Les politiques d'offset (compensation) : enjeux généraux et étude du cas de l'Afrique du Sud." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE003/document.
Full textOffsets arrangements in government procurement are discriminatory policy tools aimed at increasing local production. They reflect a transfer or a creation of new activities as a pre-condition to the validity of the purchasing contract. The governments use these mechanisms to encourage local development or to improve the balance-of-payments. In spite of the broad utilization of offset practices, they are relatively unknown and little described in academic literature. The goal of this thesis is to define, to explain and to assess the importance of these practices in the international trade and to provide a theoretical framework within which it will be possible to critically appraise the success of an offset policy (its effectiveness and efficiency) for host countries. In order to take into account the success factors for an offset policy, the relationship between the host country and the obligor as well as the result of this relationship is examined through the game theory approach. By applying this general framework to the study of South African Offset policy and more particularly to the evaluation of 121 civil offset projects provided between 1996 and 2012, under the Strategic Defense Package purchase we find the following results: at the conclusion of public procurement contracts, South-African offset projects hold out promises of important economic benefits for the country. Nevertheless, during the implementation process, many violations of rules and procedures decrease the positive impact of these projects and hinder their effectiveness. The lack of transparency in the negotiation process, the selection and the execution phase of offset projects show that South Africa did not obtain best value for public money. It is difficult to appraise global program efficiency because of lack of data and analysis problems. However the estimated impact remains positive
Batina, Jean de Dieu. "Une nouvelle approche du développement économique des pays d'Afrique noire au regard du modèle des pays du sud-est asiatique." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020035.
Full textSami, Amos Cyronet. "L'influence de la France et de la C. E. E. Face à la politique socio-économique et culturelle de développement et de croissance en Afrique centrale sub-saharienne : le cas camerounais." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081011.
Full textThe history of influential french and c. E. E. Facing social political economic and cultural policy, for the development and growth in sub-saharian central africa, of the great changes moment political economic, monetary, as well in industrialized countries as is the states of central and sub-saharian africa ; induces us to start on an theorycal and pratical analysis investigation wich leads us towards cameroons this research will try and uncover the actual development among the fallacious informations of a simple political economic growth in the sub-saharian context, considering the world wide crisis, and the fact that the state of cameroons has only bean independent for about thirty years. The investigation is essentially based upon a pluridisciplinary study of that central and sub-saharian africa state. A scientific study does effectively imply a concrete social and historical reality, as is shown in marx's capital, in respect of keeping a rigor in our lecture, that the "althusserians" would qualify as "symtomal", yet, gramsci's works show its consistence as well as its strougth in a policy of mobilization of all popular efforts, for an actual development, excluding any "knout" as auther (staline)
Al, Hajj Fadia. "Monetary policies and exchange rate regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0233.
Full textSub-Saharan African policy makers’ main objective is to create sustainable growth as a result of the recent downturns of growth. Sustainable growth could be achieved by remediating both internal and external vulnerabilities to avoid macroeconomic disruption. In Sub-Saharan Africa, internal vulnerabilities arise from bad governance and institutions, inefficient choices of economic policies and other factors such as civil wars. As for external vulnerabilities, it is related to their balance of payment weaknesses due to their high debt and high trade dependency (high import to GDP level with low export diversification).Therefore, this thesis focus on alleviating both vulnerabilities.The first chapter proposes a comparison of two monetary policies’ resilience to several types of shocks. We consider inflation targeting in Ghana and South Africa and currency board in WAEMU countries while simulating shocks using FPAS model.The second chapter focuses on the objective of solving external vulnerabilities. We propose a policy-mix strategy where Sub-Saharan African countries undertake simultaneously a nominal and real anchor to stabilise the cost of debt and promote trade competitiveness. We propose a general equilibrium model to find its main determinants while backing up our findings using SVAR and MS-VAR estimations.The third chapter’s objective is solving internal vulnerabilities. We test simultaneous the role of a monetary policy governed by the fiscal policy and the existence of a large parallel exchange rate in propagating a high and chronic inflation, in a context of civil disorder. To do so we estimate an SVAR and a VECM model in a fragile state that is Sudan
Ould-Dhehby, Mohamed-Lemine. "Articulation du déficit budgétaire, du deficit extérieur et de la dette publique : contribution à l'analyse des déficits jumeaux dans les pays de l'Union du Maghreb Arabe (UMA) et quelques pays au sud de la Méditerranée." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0054.
Full textThe articulation between the budget deficit, the external deficit and the national debt known as the Twin Deficit Hypothesis (TDH) in its the most famous aspects has been for at least two decades one of the major macroeconomic concerns. This hypothesis argues that there is a causal relationship between the budget deficit and the external deficit, so that they are considered twins. In this thesis, we firstly show the hypothetical character of the HDJ through controversial theoretical bases and contradictory empirical results. Then, we carry out the empirical examination of this hypothesis in the case of the countries of the Maghreb Arab Union (MAU) by means of the techniques of the time series (unit roots, co-integration and Granger Causality Test) and of some South Mediterranean countries by using the techniques of non stationary panels
Du, Castel Antoine. "Cultiver le capital. Une analyse de la financiarisation de l’agriculture en Afrique du sud par les « filières agro-financières » du private equity." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS110.
Full textThe dissertation examines the transformations generated by the proliferation of private equity funds and firms in South African agriculture. Positioning itself at the crossroad of economic sociology and political economy, it analyses a specific financial device, i.e. private equity, and its transmission effects. By collecting empirical data and analyzing about 15 case studies, the dissertation exposes capital’s circulation and reproduction along private equity’s “agro-financial filières”. Three groups of actors are part of such circuits of capital –institutional investors, asset managers and companies’ managers, collectively engaged in the production of agricultural assets. Firstly, the dissertation focuses on asset managers’ level and analyses their daily commercial and productive work, i.e. their capacities to develop, coordinate and maintain private equity’s filières. Secondly, it also examins the agro-food companies in South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, in order to assess the impacts on the firms’ structure and governance. Thirdly, it analyses the political and social restructuration in particular of the agricultural sector in the post-apartheid era. From these specific case studies, the project of this dissertation is to analyze the terms and effects of contemporary economies’ financialisation on agriculture. Indeed, the extension of the financial realm is based on trans-sectorial spaces, structured around financial markets’ requirements, contesting the form and intensity of sectors’ economic regulations
Gaysset, Isabelle. "Croissance par l'innovation et emploi dans les pays du Sud de la Méditerranée " une application à l'emploi des jeunes"." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2011.
Full textCountries in the MENA region have been recently characterized by a common feature mainly the upsurge in the unemployment of young graduates. This is due to the dynamics and quality of economic growth, a chronic democracy deficiency, and socio-economic imbalances that threaten the stability and development wihtin the region. The PM must alter their current growth framework into a total factor productivity model, whereby innovation continuously improves, allowing for an endogenous growth regime based on technology progress to take over. After a general introduction, Chapter (II) highlightst the PM’s innovation systems and their effects on employment generation in a principal component analysis, and a panel study of the determinants of economic growth. In chapter (III) and (IV), the effects of the knowledge economy on youth employment are carefully studied though a time series analysis for the MENA region as a panel on one hand and for Tunisia a single case study on the other. Chapter (V) gives the mains conclusions of the study
Elmidaoui, Yassir. "Les relations Nord-Sud : le cas du partenariat euro-méditerranéen." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0302.
Full textAt the time of the extraordinary summit which proceeded in Barcelona in November 1995, twenty-five countries of the European Union and twelve Mediterranean countries decided to launch a euro-Mediterranean total partnership, the idea of the partners being to manage to turn a page of rupture which marked the relations between two banks during several years. Indeed, this bridge, set up on a sea where, on both sides, one attends a growing number of tensions and conflicts, constituted the single enclosure of dialogue and exchanges between the States of the Mediterranean basin. In spite of the domination of Europeans as regards decisions, this choice remains inescapable for the good neighborhood in the area. Any time, without a real engagement on behalf of the two Mediterranean partners, in particular the strong implication of the European Union to build a true project of regional integration, the euro-Mediterranean process is likely to be in the basket of the human history
Dina, Lagnona. "La relation franco-malgache face aux nouveaux enjeux géopolitiques dans le sud-ouest de l'océan indien. La relation d'une présidence à un État (1990-2009)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3012.
Full textThe south western region of the Indian Ocean appears as one of the traditional French influence zones. Upholding the leadership of France in the area requires a solid and amicable relationship with the countries bordering the Indian Ocean. France’s goal is to remain the first main partner of all the French speaking countries in the area. Often described as “the gate to the Indian Ocean”, Madagascar is one of them. The Malagasy political instability jeopardizes the island’s relationship with France. With national imperatives in mind, Malagasy government officials try for a shift in foreign policy with each new presidency. In this regard, instability is one of the main features of French- Malagasy relationship. Putting at risk the perpetuation of the French influence in Madagascar, its consequences can spread all over the “French speaking Lake”. For France, keeping Madagascar under French influence is critical as it meets with France’s post-cold war foreign policy’s objectives such as: the perpetuation of French power (average) over several regions in an oligopolar world. Preventing the influence of other powers like China or South Africa in Madagascar is impossible. Therefore, for France, the challenge consists of strengthening existing relationships for the purpose of upholding post-cold-war status quo
Hibou, Béatrice. "Économie politique de la protection en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0025.
Full textThe thesis gives a meaning of commercial policy in sub-saharan africa with a political economy approach inspired from max weber' metholdological works. The extent of the shift between theoretical perceptions and complex realities has been reveald by the simultaneity of studies and fields works on the one hand and by the analysis of the discursze of the international organisations on the other hand. This shift urge for a new meaning of the commercial protection by using the concept iof its "formation" (opposed at its "building") by all the actors : the commercial policies can nowadagys be caracterised by the subtle, changing and ambigous game between protection and lack of protection where relations of power take an important role. The coherencs of these policies lie in non economic fields and particularly in the political one. Because the reforms and their implementations don't reach the political and historical bases of these practices, the adjustement programs failed in inducing a rupture
Lankoandé, Youmani Jérôme. "Économie politique des investissements directs chinois en Afrique subsahrienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26739/26739.pdf.
Full textLankoandé, Youmani Jérôme. "Économie politique des investissements directs chinois en Afrique subsaharienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21162.
Full textKubik, Zaneta. "Weather shocks, migration and food security : evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E007/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the literature on the impact of weather shocks on migration and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. The first chapter analyses whether Tanzanian rural households engage in internal migration as a response to weather-related shocks using an iv probit model. The findings confirm that for an average household, a 1 per cent reduction in agricultural income induced by weather shock increases the probability of migration by 13 percentage points on average within the following year. The second chapter paper attempts to establish if weather acts as the determinant of destination choice in the case of rural-to-rural migration. Employing the alternative-specific conditional logit model, this paper shows that an increase in the expected income differentials between origin and destination by 10,000 Tanzanian shillings, attributable to differences in weather, increases the probability of choosing a given destination by 2 percentage points. The third chapter analyses the food access dimension of food security, and models the link between weather shocks and food security that acts specifically through food prices. Employing an instrumental variable model where household dietary diversity is determined by food prices instrumented with weather shock, this chapter shows that a 1 per cent increase in local food prices induced by a weather shock decreases the number of food items consumed by households by around 2.5 per cent
Ouedraogo, Amidou. "Fiscalité et développement économique : leçons de l'expérience des pays de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA122004.
Full textMaisonnave, Hélène. "La politique de discrimination positive en Afrique du sud : une analyse en équilibre général calculable." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0048.
Full textFifteen years after the end of apartheid in South Africa, inequalities remain within population. The state of the labor market is a reflection of the crippling legacies of the apartheid years and, as such, is a major challenge confronting the government. The government proposed an affirmative action on labor market to promote PHD to qualified jobs. In this work, we analyze with a CGE Model, the impact of this affirmative action policy on the South African economy and its impact on poverty, thanks to a TOP-DOWN analysis. We find that this policy is good for growth and poverty falls down for each population group. Then, we analyze this politic into a dynamic CGE Model and evaluate the results twenty years later. The impact steels good for the economy and the agents. As the most relevant in South African labor market is discrimination in the pre-labor market, the government decides to promote education to allow each South African to become qualified. We analyze the impact of this policy in a dynamic way, with a behavior function for student directly determined by the policy, so students can choose to go on studying or entering the labor market. Results we find are interesting, African become more qualified twenty years later. The policy has produced more qualified people, that was the main objective
Deisting, Florent. "Convergence réelle et nominale entre les pays du sud et de l'est de la Méditerranée et les pays du sud de l'Union européenne." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU2017.
Full textFor several decades the MENA's Countries engaged in processes of transformation which were concretized by the implementation of many action plans (plane of adjustment structural,. . . ). Even if all these countries did not reach the same level of advance in the reforms, one awaits these policies which they support the process of growth and economic development. These reformes accompanied a more general movement by liberalization of the economies to the international level. From this point of view the MENA did not make exception. On the one hand, as of the years 1950, the first South-South agreements were born ; in addition the Euro-Mediterranean partnership, or agreements today are rather well encircled. It is initially a question of increasing the size of the markets, to profit from economies of scale. In second place, the diversification of the commercial exchanges by the suppression of the tariffs in the regional agreement (trade intra-connects). Lastly it is a question of operating a process of stabilization monetary, essential condition with a sustainable development of the countries. From this point of view, the objective of this work will be to analyze thoroughly the economic phenomenon of convergence of the MENA and to deduce some from the political reform proposals, economically effective but also socially acceptable, so that the least advenced countries can make a movement of correction. To treat these dynamic ones, one will initially retain a panel of 16 countries, representative of widened a Mediterranean zone
Guyot, Sylvain. "Rivages zoulous : l'environnement au service du politique en Afrique du Sud /." Paris : Éd. Karthala : IRD éd, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40186355v.
Full textFederico, Veronica. "La citoyenneté sud-africaine : constructions et problématiques." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0036.
Full textThe central interrogation of the research deals with the definition of citizenship and of what does it mean being South African in post-apartheid South Africa. In this perspective, the analysis of the juridical citizenship status is associated with the study of a sociological profile, which is still under definition. The specific character of the research is drawn from the articulation of the juridical aspect, that is the recognition of one single citizenship for the whole South African people, not a formal and empty citizenship, but a status carrying rights and duties, with the political aspects, that is the construction of a new political psace. Moreover, the social economic and cultural dimensions of citizenship are taken into account as well. The case-study is the township of Thokoza, in the East Rand region. It is in Thokoza that we analyse the process of founding a new political community, deeply characterised by a new public-political space in the democratic South Africa. This is a public space built on new political bases, but crafted by the existing human, theoretical, social and political capital. These bases are still marked by the "scars" of apartheid
Marit, Yayehyerad. "La marginalisation de l'Afrique sub-saharienne dans le commerce international : les causes et son impact sur la croissance économique." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0015.
Full textEvidence shows the marginalisation of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in international trade concerning global market shares as well as in the product market. The external and internal causes of this trend have been examined thoroughly in order to evaluate their impact on economic growth. After having evalueted the extent of the marginalization, the importance of export competitiveness has been demonstrated taking into account the fact that SSA is globally specialized in the export of products for which world demand is decreasing. In order to point out the role of trade liberalization, the impact of the Uruguay Round agreements on ASS has been examined concerning gains in market shares and welfare. A study on the consequences of globalization follows, especially in regards to the increase of entry barriers for developing countries'firms. Internal factors such as specific characteristics of SSA and economic policies that have been implemented have been studied in order to point out their contribution to the low integration of SSA countries in international trade. Empirical studies showing the correlation between trade openness and growth have been also been conducted
Mvelle, Minfenda Guy. "Aide au développement et coopération décentralisée : esquisse d'une désétatisation de l'aide française : les cas du Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, RCA, Tchad et Rwanda." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_mvelle_g.pdf.
Full textMamodaly, Mozama. "Le "district six" du Cap : défi à la politique d'apartheid, symbole de la nouvelle Afrique du Sud ?" La Réunion, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LARE0023.
Full textIn 1948, when the National Party takes over the government in South Africa, the inhabitants of Cape Town's District Six constitute a united multicultural community in the city centre located next to the Parliament. The neighbourhood is a challenge to the apartheid ideology. That is why the government declares it "white" according to the Group Areas Act. The inhabitants are expelled from their. Homes and District Six is destroyed and renamed "Zonnebloem". Yet, the National Party government does not manage to rebuild the neighbourhood for the "Whites" because of the Sixers District's resistance. It remains empty and symbolizes the horrors of apartheid. In 1994, the District Six museum opens in order to recreate the vanished neighbourhood. Some time later, the Nelson Mandela government decides to give District Six back to its former residents and to redevelop it as a symbol of the new multicultural and reconciled South Africa
Séverin, Marianne. "Les réseaux ANC (1910-2004) : histoire politique de la constitution du leadership de la nouvelle Afrique du Sud." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40048.
Full textAfter a little more than forty years of discriminatory regime, South Africa's political scene changed in April 1994 with the victory of the African National Congress (ANC), accessing to the head of the Government. With these first democratic and multiracial elections, new political executives representing the whole South-African population, replaced those who had represented the white minority only. These new dealers, although lacking a bit of experience in State management, are long time political professionals. They followed their political courses between the years 1940 and 1990 as anti-apartheid activists. Then, they became actors of influence during the democratisation phase and the elections' victory. In order to understand their course and to give answers to the question concerning criteria of nominations between the middle of the years 1980 (during the secret negociations) and 2004, this thesis took into account the courses of life and the acquisition of "political competence" during the opposition years, to finally identify the criteria of selection and reconstitute the "ANC Networks"
Dika, Elokan Pierre-Paul Porteilla Raphaël. "La politique étrangère de la nouvelle Afrique du Sud les défis de la conciliation entre intérêt national, intérêt continental et mondialisation /." Reims : [s.n.], 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000616.pdf.
Full textWarlters, Michael. "Infrastructure and the marginal cost of public funds." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10061.
Full textThe thesis addresses : the marginal cost of public funds in Africa ; privatization of infrastructure, as a function of the marginal cost of public funds ; regulation of gas pipelines taking into account the exhaustibility of gas stocks ; the rate of extraction of gas resources by a monopolist using non-linear pricing
Elhajidb, Mohamed. "Les rapports arabo-africains : de la solidarité politique à la coopération institutionnelle (un exemple de coopération Sud-Sud) 1960-1984." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10030.
Full textFall, Abdou. "La nouvelle Afrique du Sud et la construction d'une politique étrangère post-apartheid : essai d'évaluation des relations avec l'Afrique et le monde occidental, 1994-1999." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10032.
Full text1994-2004. Today the new South Africa is ten years old. After being banned because of the enforcement of discriminatory and racist laws, South Africa has reintegrated the international community after its policy of national reconciliation. So new parameters had to be defined in order to find a specific place. This was the purpose of the first legislature (1994-1999) that enable South Africa to build the foundations of its position on the international scene. It was not easy to determinate a clear role, with new actors. In addition, South Africa -as medium-seized power- was caught between African countries which had high expectations and Western countries with which it appeared necessary to break-up without giving up economic investments. If indeed this dilemma marked the Nelson Mandela’s mandate, the realities compelled Pretoria’s political authorities to change their mind in the mid-term. That was particularly the case through the African Renaissance rhetoric which targeted the renaissance of South Africa itself, henceforth fully aware that its own stability was linked with that of its immediate geopolitical environment. From that time on, South Africa developed the parameters of her future policy : to exist in Africa as its main economic leader, to exist for Africa in acting as its main mediator, to exist by Africa in acting as its best representative on the international scene
Bengobeyi, Benjamin Jean-Jacques. "La politique africaine de l'Afrique du Sud : analyse des médiations en République démocratique du Congo, au Burundi et en Côte d'Ivoire." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMD006.
Full textSince it joined the international community in 1994, after many years in Apartheid, South Africa has been acting as a mediator, practising a policy of good offices, and offering to mediate in a certain number of conflicts in Africa. Therefore, it is worth it for us to draw up a provisory assessment of its African policy up to its regional mediation attempts in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ivory Coast, among others. This study also shows the highlights of South Africa's power and the incapacity of the rainbow nation to define the rule of the game so as to establish a peace order. It is patently obvious that, even if South Africa's commitment in the international scene can be conclusive, it paradoxically constitutes a limit in its Foreign Policy. We can thus fear that the improbable results of its diplomatic interventions should make it lose its credibility as a major actor for the establishment of Peace and stability in the African continent
Segatti-Kazadi, Wa Kabwe Aurelia. "La place de l'étranger dans la "nouvelle" Afrique du Sud : la réforme d'une politique de l'immigration : 1986-2002." La Réunion, 2003. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/03_07_Segatti.pdf.
Full textDeliberately breaking away from the majority of South African approaches which are essentially based on public policy assessments and prescriptions, this thesis studies the policy-making process and the perceptions of foreigners that run through decision-making. After unravelling the functioning of the two-gate policy system that prevailed throughout the 20th century, a discussion of the legislative reform process launched from 1994 onward is proposed in which the networks, strategies and discourses of the key role-players are identified. The analysis concludes that in spite of a constitutional overhaul of the immigration legislation and the creation of a protection regime for refugees, the status quo prevails. National and regional factors, persisting coercive practices, a growing national/foreigner awareness and existing representations criminalising African migrants in particular are some of the many elements that constrain governmental action
Märlender, Petra. "Die Bedeutung der Presse im Transitionsprozeß Südafrikas /." Hamburg (Allemagne) : Institut für Afrika-Kunde, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377044478.
Full textBiagiotti, Isabelle. "L'impact des bailleurs de fonds sur le mode de gouvernement en Afrique : étude historique, économique et socio-politique du discours des coopérations américaine et allemande en Afrique sub-saharienne." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0097.
Full textWestern assistance is based and conveys representations of the state. The discourse about conditioned assistance in the 1990s makes this implicit component of the relationships with the african state since the independence an explicit reference. This shapes the relationships both with the western power, the united states or a medium power like germany. Analyzing the german and the us discourse shows how these images bring together actual and ideological elements, like the conception of the state or the appraisal of partner. These mutual images have resisted any reappraisal over the time. The situation of beneficiary states and the nature of the assistance are getting over the time out of phased as the us-zairian and the german-cameroonian relationships both tell. The impact of external representations of the state should be measured on the internal representations. Four case studies (benin, zambia, togo, kenya) show different regulation patterns of the political crisis of the 1980s leading to a democratic demand. In each case, assistance variations are both quantitative and qualitative. In the 1990, the international financial institutions use the concept of governance to suggest the politics play a role in development. The assistance donors use it to promote in their programs their conception of the state. These actions are placed side by side and lack of focus. The conditionality tools change little in the functioning of assistance. The diplomatical allocation of assistance has led to the collapse of economic and political assistance and takes the assistance donors for accountable for their presence has been a guaranty of the accuracy of the policies. The reform of the beneficiary state is a new mandate for assistance and underestimates the role of local dynamics. Some pragmatic principals can help to promote these objectives in the long run: accountability, transparency of programs, multilateral and contractual assistance
Lomme, Roland. "Economie politique de la réforme des transports publics urbains en Afrique du Sud." Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0535.
Full textSouth African authorities have tried to reform urban public transport for the past ten years but to no avail (whereas significant progress have been achieved in the provision of other services to the population, such as water and electricity). This matter involves development issues (such as access to the service for poor people), issues related to economic informality (as most of the service is provided by informal operators-the so-called minibus taxis) and economic regulation by public authorities as well as to management of public amenities. The failure of the reform strategy is diagnosed and suggestions to breakthrough with the reform are provided
Damoiseau, Nadège. "Apartheid et démocratie en Afrique du Sud : évolution de la politique gouvernementale de 1989 à nos jours." Reims, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REIMD002.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of democratic evolution in south africa from 1989. What are the problems which concern the principal actors ? what are the perspective of post-apartheid south africa ? first of all, the real reasons of change must be determined. Then, the impact of reforms will be exposed. The third title is an overview of economic implications of legal equality ; it tries to settle governmental and international proposals. The last title explain the dimensions of poverty on a national and regional level ; the proposals of new government ; the first impact of reconstruction and development programme (r. D. P. ) in khayelitsha ; and the actions of a religious community implicated in reconstruction of this area
Lefranc, Sandrine. "Politique du pardon : amnistie et transitions démocratiques : une approche comparative." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0033.
Full textFofana, Ismaël. "Chocs et politiques macroéconomiques, allocation intra-ménage du temps et réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010042.
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