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Academic literature on the topic 'Économie politique – Aspect psychologique – Modèles économétriques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Économie politique – Aspect psychologique – Modèles économétriques"
Bellet, Clément. "Essays on inequality, social preferences and consumer behavior." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0004/document.
Full textThis thesis studies ways in which inequality between and within groups affects consumer behaviors and welfare through social comparison effects. The objective is to provide a better understanding of a number of economic phenomena, namely: How to understand the extensive use of credit by lower income households in periods of stagnating real income growth? How do visible identities such as race or caste affect consumption choices, and can social hierarchies lead to poverty traps? Do luxury goods become more necessary when inequality rises, and what does such a phenomenon tell us about the social limits to growth? To that aim, the thesis incorporates important findings of behavioural economics, in particular on other-regarding preferences and subjective well-being, into theories of consumption and savings. Chapter 1 presents a model of relative consumption which accounts for comparison effects over time and across goods. The following chapters identify these effects using representative survey data and large datasets obtained via web-scrapping techniques. Chapter 2 looks at mortgage debt in the United States when households care about the relative size of their house. Chapters 3 and 4 study the social component of expenditures in India and its implication in terms of malnutrition using standard and structural estimation techniques
Ouvrard, Benjamin. "Les nudges dans la régulation environnementale : alternative ou complément aux instruments monétaires ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB011/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose to mode! individuals' reaction to a nudge, based on the announcement of the socially optimal contribution. We want to compare the efficiency of this incentive, with the efficiency of a tax to improve environmental quality. We test the theoretical predictions we obtained in a laboratory experiment. We show that the reaction to our nudge depends on subjects' environmental sensitivity, contrary to the tax. ln a second experiment, we test the existence of persistent effects of these two instruments in the long term. We also consider a mix tool (tax and nudge), to raise subjects' awareness (with the nudge) that they are taxed because their behaviour is not optimal. ln the last chapter, we extend our analysis considering agents arranged in fixed networks. We analyze how the equilibria are shaped under the implementation of our nudge
Buisson, Florent. "Quatre essais en théorie du consommateur : aversion pour la perte et modèles de recherche." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010039.
Full textDessertenne, Patrick. "Caracterisation de certaines fonctions de choix social par une approche de type probabiliste." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN0557.
Full textAubert, Cécile. "Essais en théorie des contrats : réglementation et imperfections contractuelles, altruisme et risque moral." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10079.
Full textThe contractual relationship between a principal and an agent may depend on third parties with whom the principal cannot contract. We analyse several such cases. Chapter 1 studies competition between two firms producing imperfect substitues. We analyse the effects of collusion when the regulator can only regulate one of the firms. Chapter 2 consideres renegociation of regulatory contracts. We show that a Government can use these contracts strategically, to influence its successor. In chapter 3, we determine conditions under which the principal benefits from the agent's altruism vis-à-vis a third person. Altruism in multi-agent or multi-principal situations is then studied. Chapter 4 focuses on norms of resource sharing in a community, liking them to the incentives of its members in a relationship with moral hazard
Randriamboarison, Radonandrasana. "Modélisation et estimation de la demande touristique : un essai pour l'explication du paradoxe du secteur touristique français." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0523.
Full textThe motivations at the base of the researches presented in this thesis are primarilly related to the will to improve comprehension of tourists'behaviour. We limit ourselves to the case of tourists having chosen France as the destination country. While seeking the determinants relating to the tourism demand, we came to enlighten the discussion regarding the imbalance between the number of tourists arrivals and the income generated by the sector of tourism, which will be qualified as "paradox of the French tourist sector" Five econometric models are successively estimated. We show that contrary to the generally accepted ideas, the low number of stays and the geographical location of France explain only to one small degree the imbalance of the French tourist market. As matter of fact, such a situation can be viewed as the corollary linked to the rigidity of tourists'demand
Pham, Cao Tung. "Financial bubbles and their impact on the real economy." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE044.
Full textResearch on rational bubbles has led to an extensive literature, with numerous significant achievements. However, despite the fact that the literature on rational bubbles has shown powerful results, there has been a lack of research works on economic bubbles of financial assets that yield positive dividends, especially ones that address fundamental questions on their existence, size, fluctuation, and bursting process. Moreover, it is well-known that dynastic altruism in the sense of Barro (1974) could spark the transition from an overlapping generations (OLG) model to an infinite horizon model. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study the impact of different forms of altruism on rational bubbles in an OLG model à la Tirole (1985). Furthermore, bequests and gifts are not the only bridge between generations. Inter-generational knowledge transmission is also an important channel through which different generations could be linked. An open issue remains: what happens if people have to make a portfolio choice between investing in human capital and purchasing bubbled assets, and subsequently, what the implications of this choice on the formation and properties of bubbles are. With the aim of providing answers to these questions, in the last chapter, we study rational bubbles in three OLG models: the first two with human capital accumulation, and the last one considering R&D investment under physical accumulation
Waisman, Henri. "Les politiques climatiques entre prix du carbone, rente pétrolière et dynamiques urbaines." Paris, EHESS, 2012. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799199.
Full textThis thesis investigates the effects of constraints imposed on economic interactions by limitations due to natural resources, among which oil and urban land play a curcial role in the context of climate change. These dimensions, often neglected in existing analyses, have an ambiguous effect since they suggest both the risk of enhanced costs if carbon limitations reinforce the sub-optimalities caused by pre-existing constraints, but also, conversely, the possibility of co-benefits if the climate policy helps to correct some pre-existing imperfections of socio-economic trajectories. To investigate this issue, an innovative modeling framework of the energy-economy interactions is elaborated that embarks the specificities of the deployment of oil production capacities and the issues related to the spatial organization in urban areas. We demonstrate that, beyond the carbon price, the costs of climate policy essentially depend on the sequencing of complementary measures, with a crucial role of spatial policy designed to control transport-related emissions through mobility
Sohrabi, Helia. "Physical internet-enabled hyperconnected distribution assessment." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26986.
Full textThe Physical Internet (PI) is an initiative that identifies several symptoms of logistics systems unsustainability and inefficiency and tackles them by proposing a novel paradigm called Hyperconnected Logistics. Similar to the Digital Internet, which connects thousands of personal and local computer networks, PI will connect the fragmented logistics systems of today. The main purpose is to enhance the performance of logistics systems from economic, environmental and social perspectives. Focusing specifically on the distribution system, this thesis questions the order of magnitude of the performance gain by exploiting the PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution. It is also concerned by the characterization of the hyperconnected distribution planning. To address the first question, an exploratory research approach based on optimization modeling is applied; first, the current and prospective distribution systems are modeled. Then, a set of realistic business samples are created, and their economic and environmental performance by targeting multiple social performances are assessed. A conceptual planning framework is proposed to support the decision making in the hyperconnected distribution system. Based on the results obtained by our investigation, it can be argued that a substantial gain can be achieved by shifting toward Hyperconnected Distribution. It is also revealed that the magnitude of the gain varies by business characteristics and the targeted social performance. Since the Physical Internet is a novel topic, chapter 1 briefly introduces PI and Hyperconnected Logistics. Chapter 2 discusses the research foundations, goal and methodology. It also describes the challenges of conducting this research and highlights the type of contributions aimed for. Chapter 3 presents the optimization models including a core distribution network design modeling approach. Influenced by the characteristics of the current and prospective distribution systems, three distribution system-driven models are developed. Chapter 4 engages with the characterization of the business samples, the modeling and calibration of the parameter that are employed in the models. The exploratory investigation results are presented in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 describes the hyperconnected distribution planning framework. Chapter 7 summarizes the content of the thesis and highlights the main contributions. Moreover, it identifies the research limitations and potential future research avenues.
Rain, Audrey. "Trois essais empiriques en économie de l’éducation et de la formation." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020039/document.
Full textThis thesis work focuses on individual returns to education and training, and aims at highlighting more efficient public interventions in order to increase these returns. The first two chapters of this study consider how returns to individual investments can be optimized by improving public policies efficiency in the field of education and vocational training. The last study analyzes the link between investment in human capital and the legal and economic environment in which it is realized. In details, the first article of this thesis focuses on the effect of private schooling during the first and second grade in France on test scores achievement in third grade. The second chapter aims at measuring the efficiency of certifying training programs followed by unemployed individuals on their probability to find a job. The last study shows the link between the English labor market flexibility and workers’ access to training. The analyses conducted rely on microeconometric methodologies which aim at identifying the causal effect of considered public policies. We thus use the instrumental variable methodology as well as the difference-in-difference one. This thesis also relies on the estimation of duration models, using the “timing-of-events” methodology, and estimating a bivariate competing risks model