Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie sociale de marché'
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Clays, Jérôme. ""Le monde n'est qu'un vaste marché". . . Mais encore ? : le marché comme objet scientifique : derniers développements, le marché comme représentation sociale : premières pistes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0008.
Full textDesreumaux, Vincent. "La justice sociale et le marché : essai sur l’économie du bien-être parétienne." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12019.
Full textThis study deals with the paretian theories of welfare economics and social justice, which develop through the 20th century. We seek to explain the emergence of this field, represented by works such as Bergson’s, Samuelson’s and Arrow’s on the individualistic social welfare function, Hicks’, Kaldor’s and Scitovsky’s on compensation criteria, Pazner and Schmeidler on the egalitarian-equivalent criterion or Kolm’s and Varian’s on the envy-freeness criterion. We show that the neoclassical welfare theory is prompted, often in an implicit manner, by a project of political philosophy, which is understood as an alternative to previous theories in this area such as classical utilitarianism and social contract theory. This project is based on the idea that the market constitutes the best way to solve questions of collective choice. In substance, a society of homo œconomicus is – or could be – efficient and equitable. This line of interpretation permits us to make sense of the repeated attempt to introduce, in the Walras-Pareto general equilibrium analytical framework, a theory of social justice, compatible with the individualistic ethic underlying this framework. We also show the ethical limits of this attempt: by renouncing to substantial justifications offered by utilitarianism and social contract theory, the paretian theory of welfare and social justice seems to lack a truly convincing philosophical foundation. Its ethical justification appears weak, in particular concerning the articulation between individual judgements and collective justice criteria
Groyer, Sébastien. "Capitalisme et économie de marché." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010515/document.
Full textEver since they have been conceptually created in the middle of the 19 century, capitalism and market economy have been intertwined. Nevertheless, an accurate study of the definition of capitalism by the most eminent writers such as Marx, Weber, Schumpeter or Braudel, proves the existence of a wide array of definition, which tends to demonstrate a c1ear divergence between capitalism and market economy. Capitalism is therefore re-evaluated and redefined by the market power of shareholders, endured by employees as well as customers, yet socially accepted. Market economy is redefined by the freedom of enterprise as well as choice. Separating capitalism from market economy with these new definitions induces a new criticism of power and its abuse in the name of freedom, which sever capitalism from its traditional defense rhetoric.The notion of competition shifts from capitalism to market economy. Cooperation is added to the market economy, creating a goal of balance of powers rather than perfection as it was suggested by the neoclassical economies. Inscribed al the heart of the company, cooperation opens up a greater customer satisfaction, complementing competition. Corporate governance of a capitalist company, focused on the shareholders' interests, must evolve into balanced corporate governance, enabling compromises stemming from the divergent but legitimate interests of customers, employees, and shareholders. A new market economy with a clear balance of powers, shared between competition and cooperation, comes forth as the liberal, non-State solution to solving the capitalist power
Chochoy, Nicolas. "L'encastrement politique des marchés, de l'imaginaire aux modes d'action : une illustration par l'économie solidaire." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0059.
Full textThis thesis deals with a supposedly elusive and controversial metaphor : embeddedness. With the works of economic sociology, we first analyze the ways in which this process is envisaged in the theory of solidarity economy, in viewpoint of reciprocity (i); by getting complex methodological individualism, we then propose to expand this représentation through a review of the process of recomposition of the social whole (ii); using inputs from institutional economics, this analysis leads to a representation of disembeddedness, which teaches us about the process of embedding itself. Then we consider two complementary and non exhaustive perspectives, the symbolic and territorial embeddedness (iii), making the solidarity economy an economic solution in front of the political problem of disembeddedness
Le, Velly Ronan. "Sociologie du marché : le commerce équitable : des échanges marchands contre le marché et dans le marché." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2004. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/sociologie-du-marche--9782707171245.htm.
Full textI begin by presenting the way New Economic Sociology advocates use the notion of embeddedness to study concrete markets. Embedding conditions are shown not just as the normative setting for decision-making but indeed as the very basis of transactions. Then, I argue that New Economic Sociology, contrary to Max Weber, neglects the existence of constraints peculiar to the capitalist market system. To demonstrate this inadequacy, I study two main French fair trade promoters, Artisans du Monde and Max Havelaar. I describe their efforts into creating the conditions of a personalisation of market transactions and of the exercise of a substantive rationality. Next, to trade against the market is not an easy matter. As fair trade promoters want to develop their outlets, they have to face market constraints and these obligations may conflict the alternatives they try to build
Postel, Nicolas. "Règles et rationalité économique." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-1.pdf.
Full textAzizi, Karim. "Inégalités, démocratisation et développement." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA131015.
Full textOur thesis deals with the relationship between inequality and subsequent long run growth. More particularly, we show that inequality is harmful for growth. Various mechanisms may help to explain such a result. The borrowing constraints approach is one of them. Using a simultaneous equation model, we test this approach. One of our conclusions is that the growth-reducing effect of inequality is enhanced by harsher borrowing constraints. Our thesis particularly focuses on political economy analysis. In a borrowing constraints setting with non-standard political economy mechanisms, we notably show a non linear relationship between inequality and growth. More generally, we highlight the effect of initial distributive conditions on economic development and democratisation
Roussel, Erick. "Marché et lien social : une approche par l'économie solidaire et plurielle : l'expérience de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Littoral, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DUNK0128.
Full textThe main goal of this doctorate is to identify the economic and social inadequacies of the market economy in order to lay the theoretical basis of a plural and solidarity-orientated economy. Taking the limitations of the standard theory as a starting point, it underlines the necessity to promote a plurality of coordinating methods. The concepts of the market seen as a self-regulating structure leading to full employment and social harmony is strongly challenged, while the insufficiencies of public policies are brought into question. The merchandising of society inevitably leads to the loosening of the social bond. Solidarity economy organisations are analysed as structures generating meaning, cohesion and support for populations that have been marginalised by all-out competition. This deciphering resorts to non-standard economic theories (economy of organisations and conventions) as well as to others, such as the theories of sites, which underline the intertwined character of the dissident, social and solidarity-conscious economy. This thesis is abundantly illustrated, on the empirical level, by a great many associative experiments that have been led in Nord-Pas de Calais. The contribution to economic and social wealth is discussed in this work through the notion of social and environmental usefulness. Returning to an economy placing the human being at its heart will inevitably lead to the construction of a great paradigm based on the careful and harmonious articulation of many economic systems : monetary, non-monetary and reciprocal. It is under this light that the paradigm of a plural and solidarity-conscious economy looks an extremely promising project for the future
Ramos, Maria Natália Pereira. "Marchés du travail et migrations internationale : croissance, crise et marché unique. Cas du Portugal et de la Franc." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010010.
Full textRavelli, Quentin. "La stratégie de la bactérie : biographie sociale d’une marchandise médicale." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100119.
Full textThis Ph. D. Dissertation explains how a multinational pharmaceutical corporation, facing a multiple crisis – economic, scientific, ideological – tries to keep its strength and power. It relies on a threefold strategy to control markets, to keep production costs low, to influence scientific knowledge. Theoretically speaking, the goal was to give birth to a “social biography of a commodity”, influenced by four sources : cultural anthropology of James Frazer, Bronislaw Malinowski and Sjaak van der Geest ; Adam Smith and Karl Marx’s political economy ; sociology of work, with Michael Burawoy ; sociology of science, with Bruno Latour. Participant observation within the largest pharmaceutical corporation worldwide, numerous documentary analysis and 82 interviews were conducted. We followed the life of an antibiotic drug frequently prescribed and sold on the French market, from R&D activities all the way down to production and marketing activities. Consequently, this dissertation intends to be the first exhaustive study of a commodity and tries to renew our views on contemporary capitalism
Montoussé, Marc. "Economie de marché et traitement de la question sociale : la pertinence de l'analyse de C. B. Dupont-White (1807-1878)." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21026.
Full textCharles Brook Dupont-White (1807-1878) is a French economist and philosopher who, in opposition to the majority of the economists of his time, is favourable to state's intervention. He considers that market economy without State -which he calls "free production economy" - is a regime which brings about progress and enrichment, but which is a factor of crises, incertitude and increase in misery for a part of the population. The target of this thesis is to lay the emphasis on the novel and precursory aspect of Dupont-White's work, in demonstrating that, as early as the beginning of the nineteenth century, this author had put forward the modern theory's basis of state's intervention to correct the effects of market economy's failings, and particularly to answer the social issue. At a time when the economists where opposed either to state's intervention or to market economy, Dupont-White recommends state's intervention into a market economy. He is the first to lay the basis of what was called, at the end of the nineteenth century, the state's socialism, doctrine which was later theorised by German historic school. Much before Wagner, he formulated the law of public activities' extension and we find in his work the functions of the State that were to be defined much later by Musgrave. Finally we will see that Dupont-White is not awarded the rank he should have deserved in the history of economic thought; he is a heterodox economist whose theses are close to those of social-democracy
Chahsiche, Jean-Michel. "Le marché français du livre d’économie (1945-2015) : contribution à une histoire sociale des idées économiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D063.
Full textWhat do we learn when studying economic ideas through their impagination? In this dissertation, we take the stance that economic ideas are partially elaborated according to the specific logic of cultural industries: the economy is indeed represented through several means such as books, scientific papers, press articles, but also comic books, documentaries or paintings. Each of these formats has an impact on the production and consumption of economic ideas. This stance unfolds in three distinct research paths. First, the production and consumption of economic ideas are analysed as cultural practices bearing high profits of distinction. In post-WW2 France, economic knowledge has been central in claiming political legitimacy, as well as in individual and collective strategies to reinforce positions in the political space, public administration, private companies and academic institutions. Second, by focusing on cultural mediators – here, publishing companies – we show that there is no automatic relation between supply and demand of economic ideas: by working on that relation, publishers directly participate in the making of the cultural goods being traded (here, economic books), as well as they take part in the production of legitimate authors and readers of economic ideas. Most specifically, we show that publishers largely contributed in making economics the knowledge of “white collars” (the cadres), therefore participating in the affirmation of that social group. Finally, analysing the market of economic ideas enables us to shift our focus from an academic-centered approach of the history of economic ideas. Authors of economic books indeed form a multi-professional space, in which scholars neighbour high civil servants, business and political leaders. This dissertation hence initiates the cultural study of an “economic culture” which, by being opposed to “ideologies”, constitutes a powerful means in legitimizing or contesting the social order
Plociniczak, Sébastien. "L' encastrement social des marchés : éléments théoriques et empiriques pour une analyse en termes de réseaux relationnels." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131021.
Full textDespite the core role played by market in economic theoretical frameworks, the market is still little addressed and finally remains a vague type at best equivoque. This thesis aims to contribute to a collective pattern devoted to the diversification of market analysis since the 70s. This collective pattern is the New Economic Sociology, founded and built on a central idea, i. E. The embeddedness. In the perspective of Karl Polanyi and Mark Granovetter’s works, the thesis intends thus to enlighten first the use of this idea as the necessary clarification does not occur until now. Then, it puts forward the fact that an analysis of markets may definitely benefit from a deeper understanding of the multilateral logic of relational networks. At last, on the based of main assumptions defined in this thesis, the robustness of the heuristic contractual model of the Transaction Costs Economics depicted by Oliver E. Williamson is assessed
Belloy, Lauriane. "Inégalités et politiques de la ville : Trois essais en économie urbaine via le marché locatif de courte durée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PAUU2137.
Full textDigital platforms are transforming many areas of everyday life, redefining the way we consume, work, trade and travel. Short-term rentals are one of these activities, which have grown rapidly since the late 2000s due to digital sharing platforms facilitating contact between renters and owners. However, these rentals are the subject of much criticism from public decision-makers and residents of the cities most affected by their development. Indeed, the development of short-term rentals can be accused of increasing housing prices, denaturing the typical districts atmosphere and maybeeven increasing urban inequalities. The aim of this thesis is to study spatial inequalities and the reinforcement of city policies through the development of short-term rentals. The first chapter looks at inequalities from the point of view of the distribution of income generated by short-term rentals and the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on this distribution according to different types of amenity. We show that after the June 2020 unlockdownn in France, short-term rentals close to natural areas have seen their revenues increase compared to before the epidemic. In a secondchapter, we study the impact of the development of short-term rentals on the displacement of residents in the neighborhoods most affected by the phenomenon. We find that the greater the number of short-term rentals in a neighborhood, the greater the likelihood of moving to a poorer neighborhood. Moreover, after the arrival of short-term rentals in a neighborhood, this probability of moving increases. Finally, the third chapter, take a step aside by analyzing how different urban policies in Paris that aim to preserve the supply of private and social housing have been effective in the Airbnb era of exponential growth between 2006 and 2019. This study focuses on the impact of these rules on the development of social housing and the reductionof inequalities in central Paris. We find that these rules promote the development of social housing in districts with the highest housing supply. However, these rules seem to be effective only when they are the most restrictive. In a less restrictive context, social housing is created in the least central neighborhoods. In addition to these analyses, we find that these different regulations do not succeed to foster more socio-economical diversity
Jouan, Marine. "La construction sociale du marché du financement participatif en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0052.
Full textSince the end of the 2000s, crowdfunding platforms have been developing in France with the promise of a direct and disintermediated relationship between project owners and funders, facilitating access to funds for project owners and allowing French Internet users to fund projects of their choice. This PhD dissertation studies this phenomenon by combining ethnographic observation and interviews with various actors who have participated in the development of this activity. The research shows that the institutionalization of crowdfunding in France stems from a collective action involving industry professionals, representatives of public authorities, platform partners, and the media. While platforms defend a model of self-organization and autonomy, it appears that their development would not have been possible without the intervention of public authorities, who have created a favorable legal framework to crowdfunding, in order to change the relationship of the French population with its savings and to encourage the contribution to the economic health of new firms in a context of crisis. The study also shows that, despite the extreme heterogeneity of the three majority crowdfunding models studied (reward-based, lending-based, and equity-based), there is a collective effort to highlight common characteristics and to blur the heterogeneity of the sectors (on the one hand the world of cultural creation, on the other the world of finance). Platforms, as socio-technical devices, seek to present themselves as neutral instruments that favor a natural match between fund seekers and funders. This research shows that actually the growth of this financing model is the result of a market labor carried out by professionals in the sector to bring two types of users on their platform: the fund-seekers on one side and the funders on the other. The research also shows that the platforms strategic decisions try to balance out quantity and quality of projects. To reduce risks, platforms put in place qualification and project selection processes, often imported from traditional finance - contradicting the idea of democratization of access to funding. In their development efforts, they also seek to build relationships with traditional players from the world of finance. In doing so, they reintroduce new intermediaries that complicate the relationship between fund-seekers and funders
Watterloo, Jacques. "Réforme de l'emploi et évolution de la protection sociale en Chine de 1978 à 2008 : les droits des travailleurs dans une économie socialiste de marché." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30072.
Full textWith the spectacular development of China, this research tries to see social protection as the central element of subject. This study of the Chinese market of work, through great tranformation of institutions allow us to bring out the precocity of work, and the lock of social protection which benefits to the worker but this protection does not limit to redundancy payment, disease compensation and retirement compensation, it is also to envisage the organisation of health, education and housing services which until now are given by public enterprises, moreover, the analysis imbalance inland market shows the rural migrations reasons in China and their consequences in rich countries and cities. New laws on work contracts, on societies and on bankruptcy, and the application of new rules of work, condition a certain workers protection. But the employment uncertainty, a social limited, the disinterest for rural people, speculation abuses, the corruption and every accident incite irremediably a social break and the rise of manifestations that worry the Chinese managers. It is also essential to develop the inland work, to extend gradually the social protection to the whole country, to reform pensions, to expand the insurances and to give it to everyone. Workers protection is also to establish an affective system of enterprise government and to enforce laws which governs them, the stability of firms its an employment security and a quality of life for Chinese workers
Weill, Frédéric. "Les aides publiques aux entreprises en République fédérale d'Allemagne : recherches sur le statut de l'intervention économique des personnes publiques dans le cadre de l'économie sociale de marché." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR30014.
Full textThe present study is concerned with the legal background of economic intervention by means of public aids to firms. The resurgence of liberal theories leads to advocating a dismantling of aids policies and providing residual policies with a legal framework to fit them into market economy. This phenomenon is reinforced by the developping european common market of 1933. Having shown how the preservation of competition as an objective causes modifications in federal structures to such an extent that economic liberalism and political liberalism should prove incompatible; compells the administration to use specific legal means to grant aids while leaving untouched the consubstantial principles of market economy, i. E. Equality, freedom and property, this study will further proceed to deal with the necessity of adapting the rule of law to a form of aid policy that would meet the requirements of market economy: the constitutionalization of economic principles, the role of the legislator, the legal and political controls of aid policies. We have here a quite original attempt: german jurists seek to reflect an economic policy in terms of law
Soto, Iguarán Carlos. "L'articulation multidimensionnelle de la segmentation du travail et de la protection sociale : le cas de l'assurance maladie en Colombie." Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509947.
Full textGalouon, Eta Eymard. "Le secteur informel urbain et le marché du travail dans les PVD en Afrique noire francophone : le cas de quelques pays." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN0635.
Full textAmbrosini, Elisa. "Le marché intérieur des professions libérales et la protection des droits fondamentaux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA001.
Full textThe EU institutional practice grants a special treatment to liberal professions in the fields of competition and internal market law. This practice, however, suffers a lack of consistency insofar as it follows a case-by-case approach and has never been studied in a systemic way.This research identifies the elements characterizing these activities and offers a proper definition of “liberal professions”, which can be useful for the European institutions to rationalize their actions. Also, since the convergence of public and private interests - which is typical of this market - produces tensions between competition rules and fundamental rights, the liberal professions may well be regarded as a paradigm of the principle of social market economy. This finding can, therefore, give a theoretical justification for the special treatment accorded to them at European level
Penalva, Icher Élise. "Réseaux et régulation d'un marché financier "socialement responsable" : en attendant la concurrence." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50377-2007-17.pdf.
Full textGarcette, Nicolas. "Instabilité sociale et développement." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0060.
Full textThis dissertation is about crime in developing countries and its eventual links with some economical variables, income distribution in particular. Chapter I is a large literature review on crime economics. Chapter II studies the effects of income distribution and job market (participation, unemployment, underemployment, informality) on the crime rates in Argentina between 1991 and 2004. Chapter III presents a theoretical model on the relationship between income distribution and private and public protection. Chapter IV is the counterpart of Chapter II. We analyze the link between criminal victimization and income, using the crime victimisation surveys conducted annually between 1996 and 2001 in Argentina
Fouquet, Etienne. "Morale et économie : une recherche de principes de limitation de la pensée économique : applications particulières aux cas de Adam Smith, John Rawls et Amartya Sen." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT5003.
Full textThe issue of knowing whether it is possible to find one or several principles able to limit the influence on society of economic thought, and associated behaviour, has often been raised by philosophy. To-day, the latter’s influence appears weakened by the development of modern liberal economic science, particularly in the English speaking world. The work of three of its representative thinkers, namely Adam Smith, John Rawls, and Amartya Sen, a prominent economist opened to philosophical issues raised by the first two, is scrutinized. Without any preconceived thought based on philosophical moral or religious considerations, this scrutiny is stimulated by the opening question. The progress of economic thought is reviewed in parallel, mainly in the English and American world where the influence of utilitarianism has been particularly strong. It is only when these inquiries have been completed that can be specified the main axis of a critique of economic thought: the limits of its anthropological basis tends to be occulted by its impressive mathematical developments
Selwaness, Irène Nabil Wahib. "Trois essais empiriques sur le marché du travail égyptien." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010048.
Full textClément, Matthieu. "Dynamiques de pauvreté, trajectoires de bien-être et transferts publics : le cas de la Russie." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40046.
Full textHui, Wan-Sze. "Économie de marché socialiste et réforme industrielle dans la Chine de l'ère Deng de 1978 à 1997." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00550602.
Full textSylvie, Lupton. "Incertitude sur la qualité et économie des biens controversés. Le marché d'épandage des boues de stations d'épuration urbaines." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420846.
Full textTyroyanni, Hélène. "Économie industrielle et organisation des marchés de transport public routier de marchandises." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523062.
Full textSinouvassane, Selvame Virginie. "La place de l'enseignement supérieur dans l'analyse des processus de discrimination : application aux groupes sociaux défavorisés en Inde." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010012.
Full textThe policy of compensatory discrimination in favour of underprivileged groups is not a new subject in India and the passionate debate it provokes is always in the news. The system of higher education which opens doors to the most interesting and the most respected jobs and which allows to reverse dominant positions is at the heart of this policy. In the first part, we question the functioning of the policy of compensatory discrimination. Is it possible and economically justifiable to augment the qualifications of the most underprivileged classes of society ? How is this policy currently implemented ? Although it is imperative to take action in the field of higher education, it has proved to be insufficient. In the second part, we shall study the results obtained in the labour market. Theseresults are based on statistics (degree holders and technical personnel), largely ignored until now, which throw ample light on the population of higher education degree holders, and on a field study carried out in coimbatore, a district of the state of tamil nadu situated in south-east India. This district has, for historical and political reasons, paid great attention to the problems of education and those facing underprivileged classes of society. The cohesion between the educational system and the labour market appears to be insufficient. The conditions required to facilitate the entry of higher education degree holders from the underprivileged classes of society into the professional world have not yet been put together. The policy of compensatory discrimination in India should therefore function in an environment in which educational and labour market policies coordinate
Sangvatanachai, Dita. "Le marché périodique urbain : les éléments constitutifs d'une nouvelle culture urbaine, économique et sociale : le cas de Bangkok." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840341.
Full textParra, Johanna. "Le business : une forme sociale mexicaine : ethnographie d'un marché de textile et confection au centre historique de la ville de Mexico." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0158.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is the understanding of the reasoning, behaviors and actions, of some specific Mexican traders of the Historical Center of Mexico City, that develop informal and illegal commercial activities, such as sales in public spaces, piracy or smuggling. I have therefore to introduce to the sociological concept of business. It will help for the explanation of the effective case studies which I made ethnography with extensive fieldwork between 2005 and 2008 of these Mexican trading areas and populations. The understanding of this concept is very important because it constitutes the interpretation key of the ethnography. The sociology of business is not only descriptive but has also deep inspiration based on a central question related to the Latin American societies where we live. As are used to do the anthropologists, I focused on a particular case, but I never stopped thinking in general questions on the becoming of other cases. The invention of this concept has the motivation, although studying a particular fieldwork, to interrogate on other similar cases. This is why this work although the continuous ethnographic characteristic of this dissertation, has never stopped holding a general sociological perspective. The business is the way I call all along the text, a mixed set of rational instrumental economic action which seeks to set up a trade, a sale, a profit, with behaviors orientated to norms which obey to parentage, obedience and legitimacies which trace family, community and paternalistic aspects to the social groups I studied. Around business, are tied together great social and political sectors giving birth to a social form in which the exercise of business determine the structures of social control, of security, so to the group and community norms that regulate, arrange and impose their hierarchies : they form a social form. The individuals of this social group have economic motivations searching for the optimization of their profit and motivations for subsistence, their motivations to follow the rules of the family group, motivations for exploitation of family and community networks. We should say that they have multiple motivations, there is not a motivation for the business, but a crossroad of motivations between trades and subsistence, group norms and instrumental self motivated behavior. The constant characteristics of these motivations are the flexible and malleable adaptation according to the circumstances that the situations proposed to them. It deals with a complex and sophisticated « resourcefulness » in constant change, in a constant process of definition, redefinition and re-elaboration. The social form of the business is based on the economic, political and states-related structures. They are dealing in complicity with local powers and bring around to the different social organizations and the local leaderships develop a fundamental role in the Mexican social functioning
Delemotte, Thomas. "Anatomy of the Suburban Metropolis : Labor Earnings, Large Scale Commuting, and Social Discontent." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAG003.
Full textThe location of jobs and populations has changed significantly over the last half century, with the rise of car use and the increase in home-to-work distances. This development has led to emergence of the extit{suburban} metropolis, symbol of a new urban equilibrium. In France, the Yellow Vests ( extit{Gilets jaunes}) movement has been the emblem of the call into question of this equilibrium. The importance of the mobilization has shed light on the reliance of individuals on car in their daily life and the place of the suburban metropolis in the reshaping of the organization of the production. A substantial share of the territory was blocked from the first Act of the movement's mobilization, underlying the need to better understand the spatial reshuffling of opportunities in recent decades.This dissertation aims to shed light on the role of territories, both physical and digital, in the formation of individual choices. Its chapters contrast the effect of public policies on individuals depending on their place of living. They also provide insights for their efficient implementation accounting for the local contexts. Finally, through the study of social discontent, this thesis provides a better understanding on the dynamics of protests against public action.The first two chapters focus on the evaluation of the public policies and their heterogeneous impact among places. The last two chapters study the Yellow Vests movement, which is rooted in the evolution of the metropolitan landscape. The first chapter examines the effect of labor market reforms, implemented in the turn of the 2000s, on individuals' labor earnings. Particularly it focuses on the disparities between men and women, and between places. Its shows that these social policies have contributed to the reduction of inequality between rural and urban municipalities. The second chapter describes how transportation infrastructure programs contributed to the making of the suburban metropolis, through a case study of Paris urban planning in the second half of the XXst century. It shows that rail (RER) and road (highways) improvement were actually complement to support the geographic extension of the metropolis. These two chapters hence provide a background of the development of the French society in the last decades.However, this long-term dynamics have been attenuated, if not reversed, since the beginning of the 2010s. Indeed, labor earnings inequality have tended to increase again in the wage of the 2008 financial crisis and the use of individual cars has no longer been favored by public authorities, in a context of increasing fuel prices and ecological concerns. In this context the surge of the Yellow Vests movement was a surprise. The third chapter described this mobilization. It provides evidence that the protest is tied with individuals' mobility constraints and thus linked with the development of the suburban metropolis. The fourth, and last chapter, study the dynamics of the movement. It shed light on the interplay between the development of online territories and offline actions, which explains how the movement was able to gather protesters from remote locations on the first day of road blockades
Kampelmann, Stephan. "The socio-economics of pay rules." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12001/document.
Full textThe dissertation examines pay inequalities in contemporary capitalist societies, a phenomena that combines clear policy relevance and entrenched controversies between different schools of thought. It defends the thesis that pay inequalities are the result of socially constructed rules that cannot be ascribed exclusively to capitalist-rational interests. The empirical part of the dissertation focuses on inequalities between occupations and applies econometric methods to representative panel data from Germany and Belgium. Three empirical studies provide surprisingly thin evidence for conventional models of the determination of earnings. We notably show that the pay rules that differentiate occupational categories cannot be explained with (i) corresponding inequalities in relative marginal productivities or (ii) the asymmetric impact of technological change on different occupations. By contrast, the structure of occupational pay is significantly associated with the composition of occupations (e.g.\ changes in unionisation, gender ratios, or educational mix) and cross-country variations in the institutional configuration of labour markets. The dissertation therefore not only highlights the weak empirical footing of conventional wage theories but also socio-economic concepts and factual evidence that help to recalibrate the institutional analysis of earnings
Dami, Hedi. "Relation formation-emploi et transformations des rapports sociaux de production essai d'application au cas tunisien /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376041865.
Full textBaron, Frédéric. "Marché intérieur et droit social dans l'Union européenne." Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090030.
Full textThe institution of an internal market between the member states of the European Union is the main objective of the european construction. The purpose of this study is to examine the relations between this market and european and national labour law. First, the formation of a european labour law is a condition for the realisation of the internal market. On the one hand, the establishment of the internal market requires to foster the free movement of workers. On the other hand, the achievement of this market requires the equalisation of social conditions. The implementation of sex equality between workers and the harmonization of social legislations will contribute to this egalisation. Secondly, the full development of the internal market may, at times, go against labour law existing in each member state. Indeed, there is a control of national labour law with regard to free movements (goods and services) and to european competition rules (competition law and state aids). In fact, this study aims at showing the compatibility between the realisation of the internal market and the improvements of living and working conditions for european citizens. European labour law is a factor of social progress and the European Court of Justice takes into account the social goals of the treaty of Rome when examining national labour law subjected to market rules
Verley, Timothée. "Genèse et structure du marché de l’art brut." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1A001.
Full textNowadays, art brut is an artwork category that is set up in the artistic landscape. It is exhibited in museums, exchanged in galleries and auctions, interpreted in many publications, it is also the object of admiration by spectators and collectors. Yet, for a long time, objects in this category were not considered as art and the category "art brut" did not exist. Therefore, there was no market was dedicated to it, no gallery showed art brut and no museum exhibited or was devoted to these works. Starting with this observation, the thesis deals with a twofold object: it studies, on one hand, the gradual emergence of a market dedicated to this category of works; and it is concerned, on the other hand, with the contemporary structure of this market. To reconstruct the conditions of possibility of the appearance of art brut and the process of construction of that category, we relied on the literature in economy, sociology, art history and social history of art. The analysis of the market’s construction and its structure is based on a field research divided into two parts. The first part consists of interviews: 40 semi-structured interviews were conducted with market players or, more broadly, members of the social space that was built around art brut (gallery owners, curators, artists, collectors, art fair director). The second part of our inquiry is based on the construction and statistical exploitation of a database of auction results for works categorised as "art brut" between 1985 and 2016. Our work shows that the art market is really forming in the 1980’s and 1990’s, as the competition and exchange relations around the category stabilise. This is made possible by the embedding of these relations in a set of institutions. The auction analysis highlights that the market for art brut is growing in the following decades, becoming a dominated segment of the art market. It is dominated because of its small size and because the most valued works of art brut are traded at prices much lower than the most valued works on the art market. In addition, the secondary market for art brut is structured in the same way as the art market. Indeed, these markets share a similar price structure, the same domination of male artists and identical phenomena of concentration of the market on some artists and in some places. The thesis shows finally that there is a “field” of galleries selling art brut in France. This field is structured by a double opposition: the first between the “big” galleries and the “small” galleries, the second between the galleries mainly inserted on the art brut market and the galleries which are more tied to other segments of the art market, especially that of contemporary art
Bouopda, Fopoussi Joëlle. "Réseaux sociaux, logiques marchandes et individuelles et performances économiques : une interprétation des potentialités actuelles de l'économie informelle en Afrique Subsaharienne." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10075.
Full textHaddad, Patrick. "La régulation des services de proximité : Marchés, institutions, organisations." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131012.
Full textThe debate about local household services has appeared in France, and in Europe, in the 1980's as a way to reduce unemployment. Since then, these services have been discussed thoroughly, but not necessarily well defined, and not sufficiently analysed by economists. This dissertation deals more precisely with the case of France and with household services at home, and tries to answer two mains questions : which regulation should be implemented for local households services to get developed in quantitative, and more importantly, qualitative manner ? In this regulation, which roles should be played by markets, by institutions in which markets are embedded, and by the organisations producing these services ? The analysis is mainly done within the framework of institutional economics, that reintroduce economic exchanges in their social context, and unfold in four parts : explaining the essential dimensions of these services (chapter I), studying the social construction of markets (part I : chapters II & III), focusing more specifically on the quality of services and jobs (part II : chapters IV & V), synthesising and proposing elements of regulation (chapter VI)
Magniez, Bruno. "La Place du secteur informel dans l'économie brésilienne : une étude centrée sur le commerce de rue à João Pessoa." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0058.
Full textJovanovic, Franck. "Le modèle de marché aléatoire dans la théorie financière quantitative : fondements historiques, théoriques et épistémologiques." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010029.
Full textGoujon, Daniel. "Mutations technologiques, économie distributive et revenu minimum : des fondements théoriques à la politique économique du revenu minimum d'insertion." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE003.
Full textThe reappearance of poverty in rich countries at the end of the twentieth century proves that the need of thinking about what is or what should be a fair society does not spontaneously come to a stand still with the development of productive capacities and the growth of available wealth. On the contrary, thanks to the increasing automation of the way of producing, the technological transformation has allowed our society to enter an era of abundance and renews the persistent theme of justice which should be apprehended through the crisis of the values for integration and the development of social dualisme. The system wich had to deal with the scarcity of goods has now to deal with the scarcity of employment ; what kind of method do we have to favour in order to hope getting over the actual exclusion and poverty in an affluent system ? Is it enough to alter social policies implemented within the context of the welfare state or is it necessary to reform the salarial system of the income's distribution. By retaining the basic income as the central theme of the analysis, this thesis intends to answer this type of question. In the light of the historical debate about the setting up of such an income in england at the time of the industrial revolution and the numerous theories on the basic income in the present context of deep social crisis, we shall study the innovative nature and the effeciency of the "rmi's" policy - "revenu minimum d'insertion" : french version of the income support
Ranaivoson, Heritiana. "Diversité de la production et structure de marché : Le cas de l'industrie musicale." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258246.
Full textGrâce à notre définition, nous construisons un ensemble d'indices approprié à la mesure de la diversité de la production de l'industrie musicale. Nous appliquons ces indices à une analyse statistique sur 74 pays entre 1980 et 2005. Nous mettons en avant les déterminants de cette diversité, en premier lieu les variables socio-économiques et démographiques. Nous montrons également l'existence de contradictions internes à la diversité de la production, entre ses différents aspects.
Une discussion de nature normative conclut ce travail. Elle porte d'abord sur les raisons mêmes de la promotion de la diversité culturelle, d'abord du point de vue de l'utilité pour le consommateur, ensuite dans la mesure où elle englobe la diversité des identités. Nous analysons enfin l'impact de politiques soit spécifiquement conçues pour protéger la diversité culturelle, comme celle des quotas de radiodiffusion de chanson francophone, soit générales : celle de la concurrence et la propriété intellectuelle. Nous montrons ainsi comment la diversité culturelle est en train de devenir un objectif d'envergure mondiale.
Dupont, Vincent. "Inégalités individuelles et disparités régionales." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ae988d17-4739-4e21-b2ad-71b9ef68962c.
Full textMihaylova, Stefka. "Le processus d'autonomisation des entreprises étatiques bulgares : évolution des représentations managériales et salariales et élaboration de nouvelles règles du jeu." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0005.
Full textBreville, Sébastien. "Autorité indépendante et gouvernement : la régulation bicéphale du marché français des télécommunications." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145735.
Full textDao, Thi Hoang Mai. "Le développement des capabilités sociales des pauvres comme moyen d'accession à l'économie de marché : le cas des communautés rurales au Vietnam." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS021S.
Full textPoverty reduction is always one of the first aspirations of the Vietnamese government. Since 1992, Vietnamese government has promulgated a comprehensive strategy in economic development and poverty reduction. Efforts on economic growth of Vietnam are considered as a target for the poor (UNDP, 2005). However, people who have left poverty may also return to it because the distance between the poor and the non-poor is narrow. Many of them do not have a regular income and savings. Thus, it is necessary to reduce the poverty not only in quantitative terms but also in qualitative ones. A majority of the poor in Vietnam lives in rural areas. So, there is a strong connection between poverty reduction and agriculture. Vietnam is presently in the context of a transition from a subsidized economy to a market economy. The transition from a system of self-subsidize production to a system that produces for the market is the main objective of agriculture and rural development. Some studies showed that many households in Vietnam, especially in the Northern areas do not participate to the market. A majority of these households is constituted of poor producers. There are many difficulties that prevent poor people from participating in the market, such as the lack of capital, technology or information. In other words, they do not have enough capabilities. This research examines the role of social and collective capabilities among the poor to improve their access to the market. It also tries to answer to the question of how to reinforce these capabilities by analyzing the intermediary role of social institutions in order to encourage the participation of the poor in the market
Messaoudi, Djamel. "Le fonctionnement du marché de l'aide à domicile en situation d'incertitude sur la qualité : Approche théorique et empirique : Le cas de l'aide aux personnes agées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12005.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the functioning of domiciliary eldercare, a market mainly characterised by uncertainty on quality. Drawing on the economics of information, quality and conventions, the analysis is based on a questionnaire-based inquiry among 530 older people and a surve of 14 suppliers and 4 coordinating structures. The first part presents the difficulties concerning the coordination on the market, the sources of development of the market and the main issues about quality. The second part offers an economic analysis of uncertainty, through a discussion of the interest and limits of economic theories of choice under uncertainty. Definitions of quality and qualitative uncertainty are proposed. The main results of the survey among elder people are presented in the third part. The goal of this empirical research was to understand how people make choice in a market with no differentiation of suppliers’ qualities. Resulting from several factor analyses, typologies of behavior and choice under uncertainty are proposed. The fourth part illustrates the role of trust and networks in the coordination of this market. Some organisational models associated to quality conventions are analysed further. The analysis of the stability of these models emphasises the existence of a multi-conventional quality model at the core of domiciliary eldercare services
Bonnard, Claire. "Le marché du travail des scientifiques : capital humain, incitations, proximité." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655967.
Full textKukreja, Dimple. "Essays on Gender, Households and Social Norms." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://publications.ut-capitole.fr/43168/.
Full textGobillard, Bertrand. "Contributions théoriques ŕ [i. E. à] l'analyse de la formation des grandeurs économiques : jeu de marché, arbitrage, loi du prix unique et apprentissage social." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100074.
Full textThis thesis contains a set of theoretical essays on the analysis of the formation of economic magnitudes, which share the common ides that to be understood it needs be formalized as a process. This analysis relies on game theory, and more precisely on strategic market games and social learning models. A part introduces the market mechanism à la Cournot which canonical formulation is sustained, and its interest and lessons are underlined. The violation of the law one price is qualified and cannot satisfy a robustness criterion we introduce; and it is shown there is no loss of generality working with the canonical framework. The reasons for the law of one price to fait in equilibrium and the conditions for convergence are stated. Then, we build a specific environment to point out that incorporation and revelation of information need be articulated, and in that case it is shown the specific nature of the phenomena that can be observed by building and analysing a social learning mode) which gives up the traditional assumption that agents do know the entire history of past actions