Journal articles: 'Economy car'

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Turrentine, Thomas S., and Kenneth S. Kurani. "Car buyers and fuel economy?" Energy Policy 35, no. 2 (February 2007): 1213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2006.03.005.

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Zhou, Yan, and Sangmoon Park. "The Regional Determinants of the New Venture Formation in China’s Car-Sharing Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010074.

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New ventures play an important role in promoting regional economic growth, employment and innovative development. In China, the new business model centered on the sharing economy has grown rapidly in a short time, especially with regard to car-sharing, which has become one of the new governmental strategies to promote economic development in China. New car-sharing ventures have been recognized as the leading sector in sustainable development for the circular economy and resource reuse. This paper explores the regional determinants of new firm formation in the nascent car-sharing industry in China. We used panel data from 449 car-sharing new ventures established in 257 cities in China from 2011 to 2019 to conduct an empirical analysis. The findings show that the urbanization economy, human capital and venture capital in the region have a positive impact on the establishment of new ventures. At the same time, the regional population density, localization economy, innovation capacity and competitive environment have no significant relationships with the establishment of new car-sharing firms. This paper provides insights for startups entering the field of car-sharing and a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on startups in the sharing economy industry.

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Barkin, J. Samuel. "The Political Economy of the Car." Global Environmental Politics 8, no. 2 (May 2008): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2008.8.2.149.

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Jacobsen, Mark R. "Fuel Economy, Car Class Mix, and Safety." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.105.

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Fuel economy standards change the composition of the vehicle fleet, potentially influencing accident fatality risks. I estimate the direction and magnitude of this impact, introducing a correction for selection on driver behavior. A policy application using my new estimates shows that the present distinction between light trucks and cars in fuel economy rules has very negative consequences for overall safety: Each MPG increment to the standard results in an additional 150 fatalities per year in expectation. My correction for selection is pivotal in this finding. I then demonstrate a simple alternative regulation that can produce near-zero changes in accident fatalities.

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Mehra, Vikas. "Decision-Making: A Study of Intending Indian Car Buyer'S Consideration Set in the Small Car Market (Segment B)." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 9, no. 4 (October 2005): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290500900404.

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The economic liberalization of 1991 turned the Indian economy into a competitive market-place. Every sector of the economy—whether industrial or consumer – was opened up to competition from global players. The Indian passenger car industry also attracted considerable attention both nationally and internationally, particularly in the last decade (post 1993). The industry attracted investment from domestic as well as overseas players. New players, who entered the country after auto sector de-licensing in 1993, created additional capacities and domestic players followed by augmenting their own capacities.

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Marobela, Motsomi Ndala, Hanna Mebratu, and John Peter Waziri Shunda. "Small Car Wash Business in Botswana and the Desperate Youth: Entrepreneurs or Employment Seekers? A case study of Gaborone." Case Studies in Business and Management 3, no. 2 (December 12, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/csbm.v3i2.10452.

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In recent years Botswana has witnessed an unprecedented boom in small business informal car washers. This paper explores the emergence and spread of this phenomenon, with specific attention to the capital city, Gaborone, where there is a high concentration of small car washers. Relying on critical realist philosophy and the entrepreneurial ecosystem conceptual model, we explore the issue of youth self-entrepreneurship against the critical factor of employability. Our findings reveal a number of pointers to socio-economic needs and vulnerable livelihoods. While Botswana economy has been largely characterised by growth, however the economy is not creating jobs, hence the unemployment crisis, which pushes many young people to seek alternative means of survival. In this context car wash entrepreneurship becomes appealing as it is relatively simple to start and requires little start-up capital. Car wash businesses provide hope to desperate youth in search for jobs, as well as contributing to the economy. However, in the long term this option is not sustainable and profitable in its present form. This calls for robust policy intervention to formalise it to SMME status.

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ALARÇİN, Mustafa, and İbrahim KIRÇOVA. "A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON CAR-SHARING SERVICES BASED ON SHARING ECONOMY." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 8, no. 5 (December 25, 2020): 4521–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i5.1676.

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Sharing is indicated as an alternative form of distribution to the exchange of goods and gift-giving. It encourages a sense of community, saves resources and creates specific synergies. Many factors such as the increase in the use of internet services and smartphones, globalization and urbanization, increasing e-commerce transaction volume, the reliance on online payments, the global economic recession, changes in general attitudes and more attention to sustainability in consumption have led to the development of the sharing economy in recent years. The sharing economy has given the possibility to the people to use the resources efficiently and to distribute them to where it is much needed when they are sitting idle. The shared mobility, which is one of the central areas in sharing economy, is having a growth in the last decade, due to the increased urbanization, high cost of ownership and changes in consumption habits. Even though there are different modes of shared mobility services, the most common one in Turkey is car-sharing. In this conceptual study on car-sharing services based on the sharing economy, a comprehensive literature review is conducted. In these regards, firstly the concept and importance of sharing economy is emphasized and then shared mobility services, and types are discussed individually. Lastly, car-sharing services and their types are examined. With this study, it is aimed to make a total contribution to the sharing economy literature on car-sharing services.

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Tchorek, Grzegorz, Agnieszka Allen, Katarzyna Dziewanowska, Tomasz Geodecki, Waldemar Kozioł, Michał Kurtyka, Jurand Skrzypek, Filip Targowski, and Stefan Wójtowicz. "Electric Car Sharing as an Interdisciplinary Test Ground of Various Fields of Study." Studia i Materiały Wydziału Zarządzania UW 1/2020, no. 32 (July 1, 2020): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2020.32.8.

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The aim of the article is to present car sharing, with particular emphasis on electric car sharing, as an interdisciplinary research area. This applies not only to social sciences – management (strategy or marketing), sociology, economics (including the sharing economy), consumer psychology, but also to urban planning, engineering sciences (electrical engineering or energy) and, finally, ecology. Only the use of a broader perspective allows the understanding of the importance of car sharing, including electric vehicles, in contemporary social and economic processes. The diagnosis of factors that may affect the widespread use of car sharing, which we treat as an element of cities’ response to congestion and smog, requires a reference to the knowledge of the previously mentioned scientific disciplines. The core value of this article is that it provides a multi-faceted perspective on the consumer and prosumer, urban mobility and the energy ecosystem from the point of view of the sharing economy and zero/low carbon cars. In recent years, the number of research articles on car sharing has been growing (Ferrero, Perboli, Rosano, & Vesco, 2018); however, studies written from the point of view of a single, less often two scientific disciplines dominate. We propose to extend this perspective. Although, in research terms, this work is preliminary and exploratory, adopting a broad observation perspective should allow for establishing a dialogue between disciplines to ensure better formulation of research problems and solve socio economic dilemmas not only in the field of the sharing economy, and to better introduce the issue of car sharing to the area of management sciences.

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Landström, Catharina. "A Gendered Economy of Pleasure." Science & Technology Studies 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55193.

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This paper analyses cultural signification in the co-production of gender and technology. Focusing on the popular genre of motoring magazines, it discerns a pattern organising men and women in opposite relations to cars. Men’s relationships with cars are premised on passion and pleasure while women are figured as rational and unable to attach emotionally to cars. This “gendered economy of pleasure” is traced in a close reading of motoring magazine representations of cars and humans. Further, a DVD representation of the Volvo YCC, a concept car developed by women for an imagined female user, is discussed in relation to this semiotic pattern. The paper is conceptual, texts are interpreted in order to bring forward aspects of meaning-making that are not immediately obvious. The objective is to critically illuminate one aspect of the cultural production of the car as a masculine technology.

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Tao, Yu Ping. "The Construction and Intelligent Management of Self-Driving Car Campsite under the Visual Field of Low-Carbon Environmental Protection." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.841.

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The development of China’s economy promoted the development of recreational sports tour of self-driving, which calls for the construction of car campsite. In order to promote tourism model and innovation policy guided by green growth and low-carbon economy, this paper studies the construction and intelligent management of self-driving car campsite under the visual field of low-carbon environmental protection, and aims to explore the low-carbon-based environmental, scientific and highly efficient tourism economy and the integration management of the sustainable development of ecological environment. Finally, the conclusion is that recreational self-driving camping has a bright future, which is beneficial to enrich new tourism products and will become a newly high point of economic development; strengthen the building of self-driving car campsite is helpful to promote the development of low-carbon environmental protection and the operation of intelligent management.

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Gupta, Agam, Biswatosh Saha, and Parthasarathi Banerjee. "Pricing decisions of car aggregation platforms in sharing economy: a developing economy perspective." Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management 17, no. 5 (March 26, 2018): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41272-018-0145-1.

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GROOMBRIDGE, NIC. "COUNTERBLAST: Victims and Offenders in the Great Car Economy." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 47, no. 3 (July 2008): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.2008.00524.x.

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Sallee, James M., and Joel Slemrod. "Car notches: Strategic automaker responses to fuel economy policy." Journal of Public Economics 96, no. 11-12 (December 2012): 981–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.06.005.

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ATSUMI, Toshihiko, Yoshio MURAKAMI, and Souichi ISHIHARA. "The Performance of the Engine in Economy Run Car." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2003.52 (2003): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2003.52.83.

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PATERSON, MATTHEW. "Car culture and global environmental politics." Review of International Studies 26, no. 2 (April 2000): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500002539.

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This article develops emerging critical approaches to global environmental politics by starting with the question, posed by Julian Saurin: ‘If degrading practices occur as a matter of routine, how do we account for this?’. Through an analysis of the global political economy of the car, it shows that widespread social practices which systemically produce global environmental change are simultaneously deeply embedded in the reproduction of global power structures. It focuses on three interconnected aspects of this global political economy—the role of the car industry in processes of globalization, its role in reproducing capital accumulation in the twentieth century, and the promotion of the car over its alternatives by states.

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Włodarczyk, Mirosław, and Jerzy Janczewski. "Warsztaty samochodowe w warunkach globalizacji." Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja 7 (January 1, 2011): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20833296.7.13.

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The subject of paper is the issue of car service market in Poland. The development and organizational structure of car service has been presented. The main differences in car service in Poland and Germany have been pointed out. Discussion on global changes in economy linked to the car service market was undertaken.

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Roblek, Vasja, Maja Meško, and Iztok Podbregar. "Impact of Car Sharing on Urban Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020905.

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The article gives us an insight into the key issues of car sharing and its impact on urban sustainability. A selection of 314 articles published in peer-reviewed journals from the Scopus database were analysed using Leximancer 5.0 for Automated Content analysis. A total of seven themes were identified explaining the researched topic of the car sharing situation in Europe, which are sharing, economy, model, systems, electrical car sharing, policy and travel. There are two ways of sharing owned cars in Europe; access to cars from the fleet of private organisations and P2P car sharing. Sustainable environmental solutions in the context of the electrification of cars are used. Car sharing usually takes place online and can be free or for a fee as defined by The European Economic and Social Committee. The article provides an overview of understanding the concept of urban car sharing in Europe.

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Gao, Yuchen, and Jingrui Chen. "The Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development of Shared Transportation: The Chinese Online Car-hailing Policy Evaluation in the Digitalization Era." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092596.

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Online car-hailing services (such as DiDi and Uber) are one of the typical sharing economy forms of transportation service in the digital era. Related public policies are expected to reduce the risk of online car-hailing and ensure the social sustainable development. However, the empirical evidence regarding the effect of relevant policy implementations is still scarce. This study takes an online car-hailing service in China as a research object to understand and evaluate the effect of implementing related policies. The risk related to an online car-hailing service is classified into three dimensions in this study, namely, institutional, economic and safety perspectives. The empirical results indicate that public policies have significant impacts on reducing conflicts and risk of shared transportation in China, especially the institutional risk. Furthermore, the effects of different policy factors differ for different risk types. Several insights of developing policies and regulations related to sustainable shared transportation in the digitalization era are also provided. The interaction between government authorities, private firms and citizens should be attached to great importance in policy design, which will consequently enhance the sustainable development in the transportation sector under sharing economy.

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Pleshcheva, Vlada, and Daniel Klapper. "The Moderating Effect of Fuel Prices on the Market Value of Fuel Economy, Driving Intensity, and CO2 Emissions." Marketing ZFP 42, no. 1 (2020): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2020-1-48.

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In this paper, we explore co-movements of the vehicle price sensitivity to fuel economy with changes in fuel prices. Previous literature has investigated the responsiveness of vehicle prices to fuel prices or fuel economy. We are interested in the interaction effect of fuel prices and fuel economy and answer the question of how exactly the market value of fuel economy depends on the fuel price. By looking at the role of fuel prices as a moderator for the market value of fuel economy, we are able to differentiate between consumers’ valuation of fuel economy versus their reaction to changes in fuel prices. We apply a hedonic price model to the German automobile market by using data on detailed technical specifications of high-sales vehicles of three consecutive model years. In contrast to previous research, where the marginal benefits of driving a car with a particular fuel economy remained constant, we allow it to vary with fuel prices. It enables us to investigate two sources of changes in the market value for fuel economy. The first source, as in the previous studies, corresponds to changes in the budget for driving a car, whereas the second source reflects changes in the capital investments in a better fuel economy. The total effect of these two sources may lead to either a decrease or an increase in the vehicle distance traveled. We study the differences in the impact of fuel prices for various car makes of both diesel and gasoline engines. Our results suggest that there are substantial differences in the market values of fuel economy between diesel and gasoline vehicles and their responsiveness to changes in fuel prices. Diesel cars are characterized by the more elastic price gradient of fuel economy to fuel prices compared to gasoline cars. The revealed high responsiveness of the market value of fuel economy to fuel prices results in an optimal annual driving intensity that is an increasing function of fuel prices. It implies that, during the period of investigation, the marginal benefit of driving a car of a specific fuel economy was higher than the corresponding fuel price effect on the budget for driving. Using the quantified impact of fuel prices on the market value of fuel economy, we also assess the implied changes in the kilometers driven with cars and the resulting CO2 emissions. The current study presents an empirical application of statistical analysis to a topic of interest to readers in the areas of quantitative economics and economic policy.

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Szymkowiak, Andrzej, and Elżbieta Żelichowska. "Factors affecting car-sharing and participation in the sharing economy." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 53, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2019.53.2.99-108.

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<p>The dissemination of the idea of the sharing economy has created new opportunities in many areas of consumer life. A particular impact can be seen in the short-term rental and joint travel market. The popularity of online portals allowing shared car trips demonstrates that this is an area worth exploring. This research involved 275 respondents in order to identify the main factors conditioning the willingness to use these types of services. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the existence of three factors – savings, expectation and atmosphere – that determine the use of car-sharing. The article describes the entire procedure and estimates the fit of the model. Finally, limitations and recommendations for further research are provided.</p>

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Aboltins, Krisjanis, and Baiba Rivza. "The Car Aftersales Market Development Trends in the New Economy." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 110 (January 2014): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.878.

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Ray, Sangeeta, and Pradeep Kanta Ray. "Product innovation for the people's car in an emerging economy." Technovation 31, no. 5-6 (May 2011): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2011.01.004.

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Schipper, Lee, and Wienke Tax. "New car test and actual fuel economy: yet another gap?" Transport Policy 1, no. 4 (October 1994): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-070x(94)90006-x.

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Kufelová, Iveta, and Monika Raková. "Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the automotive industry in Slovakia and selected countries." SHS Web of Conferences 83 (2020): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208301040.

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The new coronavirus has far-reaching economic impacts all over the world and, due to the openness of the Slovak economy, it also has an impact on Slovak companies as well as car plants. Except that paralyzed European demand for vehicles, as well as the entire supply chain. The result was the fact that there was no one to make or something to make. And so the manufacturers, together with the suppliers, closed their productions for operational and hygienic reasons. However, this will have a very big impact on the economy as a whole, as the car industry is a fundamental pillar. The paper is pointed to highlight the current effects of the pandemic and measures in the automotive industry in Slovak republic and selected countries.

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Shaffer, Brian, and Daniel T. Ostas. "Exploring the Political Economy of Consumer Legislation: The Development of Automobile Lemon Laws." Business and Politics 3, no. 1 (April 2001): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1018.

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Between 1982 and 1994 all fifty states enacted new car warranty legislation commonly known as ‘lemon laws’. These statutes provide that a consumer who buys a lemon (defined as ‘a chronically defective new car that cannot be repaired with a reasonable effort’) is entitled to receive a replacement car or full refund from the car's manufacturer. We ask why these laws were enacted, exploring both economic and political rationales. The analysis demonstrates that reasonable economic arguments can be advanced for the legislation, both pro and con, and concludes that the legislation resulted most directly from an alliance of consumer advocates and automobile dealers at the expense of manufacturers. This case study illustrates the interplay of legal, political, and economic factors that shape consumer legislation generally.

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Lv, Yun Fei. "Based on Low Carbon Economy under the Environment of Green Car Terminal Returned Logistics is Analysed." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1543.

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this article through to the world low carbon green car terminal return logistics operation mode comparison, analyzes the low carbon green car terminal return logistics present situation and problems and put forward a better solution for readers reference.

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Narsing, Anthony, Terry Sanders, Len Kistner, and Jerry Williams. "Managing rental car businesses in the new economy: Using a multivariate decision model approach." Journal of Transportation Management 23, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1349049960.

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U.S. rental car organizations are having to modify their business models to adapt to the new economy, which includes increased fuel costs, reduced business and leisure travel, and reduced resale of low mileage rental units. Revenue is negatively impacted due to increased maintenance as a result of higher mileage requirements placed on the rental inventory. Changes in the depreciation allowance on the rental car fleet reduced the potential value of vehicles by requiring fleet operations managers to maintain the fleets for longer periods of time. This article presents a multivariate decision-making model, which used in conjunction with in-house performance indicators, will assist operations managers in understanding specific variables likely to impact rental car revenues and optimize their decisions regarding available assets.

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Schilke, N. A., A. O. DeHart, L. O. Hewko, C. C. Matthews, D. J. Pozniak, and S. M. Rohde. "The Design of an Engine-Flywheel Hybrid Drive System for a Passenger Car." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 200, no. 4 (October 1986): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_187_02.

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The quest to improve the fuel economy of General Motors passenger cars has led to the investigation of an engine-flywheel hybrid powertrain at the GM Research Laboratories (GMR). An engine-flywheel system was designed for a compact car and its performance was predicted analytically. The sytem was estimated to achieve an improvement in EPA composite fuel economy of 13 per cent ooer a 1984 production compact car. This margin of improvement was judged insuficient to justify the complex drivetrain, and, therefore, a prototype system was not built. However, the current potential of engine-flywheel hybrids for GM passenger car applications has been defined, and the technology areas requiring additional research attention have been identified.

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Meldona, Meldona, and Zelvi Rhizqa Prayudasari. "PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE ACTIVITYBASED COSTING (ABC) UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF PADA PT INKA (PERSERO) MADIUN." IQTISHODUNA 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/iq.v9i2.3566.

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The purposes of this research are to analyze the comparison of cost of goods manufacture by usingtraditional and ABC methods, and to analyze the advantage of their application in calculating the cost ofgoods manufacture to increase the competitive advantage at PT INKA (Persero) Madiun. This research is aqualitative research with descriptive method. The analysis result shows that PT INKA (Persero) Madiuncalculates direct hours of the employees as the basis of determining the overhead cost of each product. Byusing traditional method, the cost of goods manufactures of Economy Class Train (K3) AC is IDR 2,522,926,538,Economy Class Train (K3) Green Car is IDR 363,126,214, and Economy Class Train (KMP3) AC is IDR3,145,136,617. Meanwhile, the calculation using ABC method shows that cost of goods manufacture of EconomyClass Train (K3) AC, Economy Class Train (K3) Green Car and Economy Class Train (KMP3) AC are IDR2,727,987,080, IDR 360,001,314, and IDR 3,383,215,414. So, for the comparison, traditional method determinelower cost of goods manufacture from ABC method (undercosted) for two products, that are Economy ClassTrain (K3) AC and Economy Class Train (KMP3) AC. While in Economy Class Train (K3) Green Car, traditionalmethod determines higher cost of goods manufacture compare to the calculation of ABC method (overcosted).This results recomend to the important of implementing ABC method in calculating cost of goods manufacturewhich give more accurately calculation to develop competitive advantage, that help the management inmaking decision of determining the price, determining the strategy of cost leadership, and implementing theActivity Based Management (ABM).

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Kolleck, Aaron. "Does Car-Sharing Reduce Car Ownership? Empirical Evidence from Germany." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 7384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137384.

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The sharing economy is making its way into our everyday lives. One of its business models, car-sharing, has become highly popular. Can it help us increase our sustainability? Besides emissions and vehicle miles traveled, one key aspect in the assessment regards the effect of car-sharing on car ownership. Previous studies investigating this effect have relied almost exclusively on surveys and come to very heterogeneous results, partly suggesting spectacular substitution rates between shared and private cars. This study empirically explores the impact of car-sharing on noncorporate car ownership and car markets in 35 large German cities. The analysis draws on publicly available data for the years 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2017, including, among others, the number of shared cars per operating mode (free-floating and station-based) and the number of cars owned and registered by private individuals (i.e., excluding company cars). We find that one additional station-based car is associated with a reduction of about nine private cars. We do not find a statistically significant relation between car ownership and free-floating car-sharing. Neither type of car-sharing appears to impact the markets for used and new cars significantly. Given the measurable impacts on car ownership levels, this result is surprising and invites future research to study car-sharing’s impact on the dynamics of car markets.

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Rofiuddin, Mohammad. "Competitiveness and structural change in Salatiga economy." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics Research 1, no. 1 (September 13, 2019): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijier.v1i1.2800.

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The era of globalization has forced all regions at an increasingly fierce and sharp level of competition, both directly and indirectly, both in the domestic and international markets. One approach to overcoming these challenges is through a regional development that refers to increasing regional competitiveness as the basis for regional growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the leading sectors and shift in the share of economic sectors in Salatiga. The analytical method used in this research is the Estaban Marquillas Shift-Share (SS) analysis. The results showed that the sectors that had competitive advantages and specialization were as follows: (i) 2013, namely Water Supply, Waste Management, Waste and Recycling, Construction, Wholesale and Retail Trade; Car and Motorcycle Repair, Transportation and Warehousing, and Real Estate; (ii) in 2017, namely the Provision of Accommodation and Food and Beverage, Corporate Services, and Educational Services. Besides that, in Salatiga City, it can be said that the economic structure has shifted, namely Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Processing industry; Electricity and Gas Procurement; Water Supply, Waste Management, Waste and Recycling; Construction; Wholesale and retail trade; Car and Motorcycle Repair; Transportation and Warehousing; Provision of Accommodation and Food and Drink; Real Estate; Company Services; Educational Services.

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Patidar, Lalit, and Sri Ramya Bhamidipati. "Parametric Study of Drag Force on a Formula Student Electric Race Car Using CFD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.300.

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Aerodynamic drag plays an important role in fuel economy of the vehicle especially for electric cars directly affecting the range. The objective of Aerodynamics subsystem of IIT Bombay racing team is to predict and minimize drag force on the Formula student electric race car thereby improving the performance. A standard generic car body known as Ahmed body is taken to set up simulation parameters in FLUENT by validating a test case against the experimental data available in literature. Variation and dependence of drag force on parameters such as frontal area, distribution of pressure coefficient and pressure loss in wake region is studied numerically. Comparison is made between Formula Student 2013 car Evo2 and newly designed car Evo3 for coming season of Formula Student 2014. A substantial reduction in drag force of 18.8% is achieved which can be attributed to lower frontal area and streamlined bodyworks design. Energy consumption of the vehicle for endurance race is reduced by 11.5 % improving the fuel economy.

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Xiu-Fu Tian, Jongho Lee, and Runze Wu. "Use Intention of Chauffeured Car Services by O2O and Sharing Economy." Journal of Distribution Science 15, no. 12 (December 2017): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15722/jds.15.12.201712.73.

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Matas, Anna, José-Luis Raymond, and Andrés Dominguez. "Changes in fuel economy: An analysis of the Spanish car market." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 55 (August 2017): 175–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.06.025.

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De Borger, Bruno, and Antonio Russo. "The political economy of pricing car access to downtown commercial districts." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 98 (April 2017): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2016.12.012.

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KIYOTA, Yuhiko. "Emissions Control and Fuel Economy Improvement for Future Passenger Car Engines." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 58, no. 555 (1992): 3225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.58.3225.

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Mattioli, Giulio, Cameron Roberts, Julia K. Steinberger, and Andrew Brown. "The political economy of car dependence: A systems of provision approach." Energy Research & Social Science 66 (August 2020): 101486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101486.

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Clark, Ian, and Trevor Colling. "New insights into informal migrant employment: Hand car washes in a mid-sized English city." Economic and Industrial Democracy 40, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 755–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x16669840.

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This article provides new analytical insight into migrant labour by examining a newly emergent low-margin sector, hand car washes (HCWs). The sector is co-created by pressures from above in the form of economic restructuring and from below by employers and migrants who diffuse fluid and flexible low-wage employment. The diffusion of HCWs demonstrates how exploitative privatized employment generates autonomous economic growth in the unregulated economy. The formal and informal economies are however interlinked and overlapping within and beyond the labour process. Locally, HCWs have the potential to become the established car wash sector, putting regulated outlets in a state of uncertainty as informalization in employment if not business practice becomes the norm.

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Lee, Choong Hoon. "Transient Fuel Injection Rate and Fuel Economy Prediction for a Vehicle Driven with FTP-75 Mode Using an ECU HILS." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.543.

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A fuel injection system which is operated with ECU HILS was used to evaluate the transient fuel injection rate and fuel economy. Several sensor signals from a car such as the engine speed, car speed, cam position, crank position, air mass flow, throttle position and several other sensor signals are measured and recorded as a data file with DAQ-system for a vehicle driven in FTP-75 mode in a chassis dynamometer. Electric signals that are equivalent to the sensor signals from the car are reconstructed from the recorded data file using DAQ boards and a computer. All the reconstructed sensor signals are provided to the ECU with synchronized timing. Injectors were connected to the ECU output pins and were driven by the system to measure the quantity of injected fuel. The ECU HILS show that the transient fuel injection rate and fuel economy for the car driving mode could be successfully predicted. Also, the repeatability of the generation of sensor signals can enhance the accuracy of a range of experiments related to cars fuel injection experiment.

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Mohamed Ali, J. S., and F. Fatin Bazilah. "Mirrorless Car: A Feasibility Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.649.

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Mirrorless cars are the conceptual cars in which the mirrors which are used as a visual aid for safe driving are replaced with camera and LCD screens thus making it totally mirrorless. These cars without mirror projections will result in clean external aerodynamics thereby reducing considerable amount of drag and hence offers a high potential to achieve higher fuel economy in driving a car. The present study is a trial to test whether such a mirrorless car can create a better driving condition for the driver in terms of ergonomics, safety and comfortability. Thus the latest modern technology is fused in a Malaysian car model making it mirrorless with the cameras replacing mirrors and the dashboard was modified to install the LCD screens on it. The modified car was tested for its characteristics on safety, comfortability and ergonomics. The driver’s behaviour while driving the mirrorless car was studied extensively and numerous interesting conclusions were derived.

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Kim, Hyunkun, Hyeongoo Pyeon, Jong Sool Park, Jin Young Hwang, and Sejoon Lim. "Autonomous Vehicle Fuel Economy Optimization with Deep Reinforcement Learning." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111911.

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The ever-increasing number of vehicles on the road puts pressure on car manufacturers to make their car fuel-efficient. With autonomous vehicles, we can find new strategies to optimize fuels. We propose a reinforcement learning algorithm that trains deep neural networks to generate a fuel-efficient velocity profile for autonomous vehicles given road altitude information for the planned trip. Using a highly accurate industry-accepted fuel economy simulation program, we train our deep neural network model. We developed a technique for adapting the heterogeneous simulation program on top of an open-source deep learning framework, and reduced dimension of the problem output with suitable parameterization to train the neural network much faster. The learned model combined with reinforcement learning-based strategy generation effectively generated the velocity profile so that autonomous vehicles can follow to control itself in a fuel efficient way. We evaluate our algorithm’s performance using the fuel economy simulation program for various altitude profiles. We also demonstrate that our method can teach neural networks to generate useful strategies to increase fuel economy even on unseen roads. Our method improved fuel economy by 8% compared to a simple grid search approach.

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Li, Ke, Hao Li, and Jian Hua Liu. "The Analysis of Categories of Users in Car Design." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 2124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.2124.

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Based on the concept of humanization design, some classification and analysis about user groups from user's age, gender, value, interests and economy were made in this paper. Due to the differences in ages, genders, values, interests and economy, different groups of users will have different styles and preferences. But users want to meet their psychological pursuit in the process of using the product. As the carrier of user groups, car design that can meet user’s demand has been discussed. Classify and categorize for users were made form user groups first, then design products that can mostly suitable for different user group and that the most they really demand for.Through taking full account of the needs of user groups and meeting user's emotional needs maximize, this products designed will be the products users wanted.

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Ivanechko, Nelia, Olena Borysiak, and Iryna Leonova. "Transport sharing: marketing aspects." Herald of Economics, no. 1(99) (February 1, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.01.055.

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Introduction. The consumer economy is one of the fastest growing segments of the world economy, with little growth in 2020. Prerequisites for increasing consumer description in this area are not only the economy and convenience, but also the availability of Internet technologies in all conditions. Modern technologies have led to the development of transport sharing. All forms of sharing are united by a common idea and consumer prices are exchanged via the Internet platform.Purpose. The goal of our research is to determine the prospects and application of existing sharing models in the Ukrainian market of transport services.Methods of research include general scientific and empirical techniques of economics. Methods of system analysis and synthesis, comparison, compilation and grouping are used.Results of the research. Consider the basic concepts of sharing economy, namely: coliving, coworking, crown funding, car sharing, kick sharing, carpooling. The domestic transport sharing market is analyzed and the low level of development of this sphere is revealed, in contrast to the world market. The advantages and disadvantages of car sharing and kick sharing are revealed. In particular, the advantages of car sharing: efficient and economical use of the vehicle; reducing the burden on the environment; round-the- clock access to cars; the price of the service includes fuel, washing and depreciation of transport. Advantages of kick sharing: no driver’s license required; maneuvering; scooters can be left anywhere; the device keeps charging for 45 km; easy and accessible to operate. Disadvantages of car sharing: it is necessary to have a driver’s license; you need to take and leave the car in specialized parking lots; low availability in the regions; the car-sharing procedure is tied to the Internet; it is forbidden to transport large volumes of cargo, things and animals. Disadvantages of kick sharing: not comfortable in the cold and rainy season; it is impossible to leave outside the marked zone; the level of danger at precipitations increases; it is difficult to carry baggage.Regarding income forecasting, for car sharing we propose to calculate by adding the sums of multiplication products: the number of vehicles of a particular type on the number of trips during the day; for the cost of one trip; by the number of days in the relevant reporting month (period). However, it should be borne in mind that car-sharing, in contrast to kick-sharing, is much more expensive to depreciate and maintain the vehicle.Perspectives. In future research we plan to consider the features of bicycle sharing and scooter sharing and their prospects for development in the Ukrainian market of transport services.

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Shuptar-Poryvaieva, Nataliia. "Development Perspective of Used Electrocar Batteries Management System in Ukraine." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 3 (2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2020.89.05.

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Due to the rapid growth in sales of electric vehicles, the issue of handling their used batteries, which contain toxic substances and without proper disposal can cause significant damage to the environment, becomes extremely important. The purpose of this article is to study the potential of Ukrainian used electrocar batteries management system in the context of the circular economy. The article analyses the dynamics of electrocar market development in Ukraine in the period from 2012 to 2019. With the help of an exponential smoothing algorithm using Microsoft Excel table processor the domestic market of electric transport fill forecast for the next years was made. The forecast results were adjusted for the car market recession caused by the economic crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic. In the course of the research, the experience of the world's leading countries on the issues of handling used electric car batteries was studied, in particular, approaches to legislative regulation of the problem and opportunities for reuse of car batteries with used resource were considered. Emphasis was placed on the fact that modern technology development creates conditions for economic, social and environmental benefits that can be achieved through recycling of used batteries. The economic benefits of recycling Ukrainian electric automotive batteries, which have exhausted their resource was calculated. Еxpedient to reorient the existing methods of used electrocar batteries management system on the principles of circular economy can provide not only improvement of ecological situation in Ukraine, but also lead to its economic growth and welfare of the population was proved.

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Liu, Bing Guo. "Vehicle Driving Oil-Saving Technologies Discussed in this Paper." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 2470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2470.

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with the rapid development of national economy in recent years, rapid growth of the road mileage, the rapid growth of usage of the car begin to render phase geometry orders of magnitude, however, as the international oil prices gradually rise, the domestic refined oil price is high, the use of the car costs are rising fast. Therefore, how to better maintenance of vehicles, and change some of the original bad driving technology, can make the car in the most fuel-efficient and has become a very meaningful topic.

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Jaehun Joo. "Motives for Participating in Sharing Economy: Intentions to Use Car Sharing Services." Journal of Distribution Science 15, no. 2 (February 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15722/jds.15.2.201702.21.

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Hinde, Sarah, and Jane Dixon. "Changing the obesogenic environment: insights from a cultural economy of car reliance." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 10, no. 1 (January 2005): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2004.09.003.

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Clark, Ian, and Trevor Colling. "Work in Britain's Informal Economy: Learning from Road-Side Hand Car Washes." British Journal of Industrial Relations 56, no. 2 (November 23, 2017): 320–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12286.

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Meade, Douglas S. "The Impact of the Electric Car on the US Economy: 1998–2005." Economic Systems Research 7, no. 4 (January 1995): 413–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09535319500000005.

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Li, Yi, Zhaohua Wang, Ke Wang, and Bin Zhang. "Fuel economy of Chinese light-duty car manufacturers: An efficiency analysis perspective." Energy 220 (April 2021): 119622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119622.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Economy car'

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