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Journal articles on the topic 'Ecosystems'
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Komatsubara, Kento, Alexander Ryota Keeley, and Shunsuke Managi. "Revisiting the Value of Various Ecosystems: Considering Spatiality and Disaster Concern." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043154.
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Recently, concerns about ecosystem loss and the threat of disasters have emerged. Understanding people’s perception of the ecosystem’s value will lead to disaster adaptation through ecosystem conservation. We incorporated use and disaster attributes into a contingent valuation study to investigate Japanese peoples’ perceptions of the value of various ecosystems. We construct a concept representing ecosystems’ perceived disaster prevention and mitigation functions by investigating the effects of use status and disaster concerns on people’s preferences. Results revealed that almost all of the ecosystem’s disaster prevention and mitigation functions are not perceived by people. In some cases, people mistakenly avoid ecosystems that protect people from disasters. In conclusion, this concept and its findings facilitate an understanding of people’s perceptions of disaster prevention mitigation functions of ecosystems and promote the concrete practice of conserving ecosystems.
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Awano, Haruo, and Masaharu Tsujimoto. "The Mechanisms for Business Ecosystem Members to Capture Part of a Business Ecosystem’s Joint Created Value." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (2021): 4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084573.
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Research into business ecosystems has rarely examined the success of business ecosystem members. Business ecosystem leaders tend to focus on their own success rather than carefully monitoring the success of business ecosystem members, and each member must find a mechanism to capture part of the business ecosystem’s joint created value. This study examines the mechanisms by which business ecosystem members capture part of a business ecosystem’s joint created value in the cases of linear tape open (LTO) ecosystems and how these mechanisms contribute to the sustainability of a business ecosystem. A case study was conducted with a review of both the author’s experience with Sony and third-party resources. We confirm the results by panel data analysis. We identified three mechanisms. First, a business ecosystem member can establish a new business ecosystem on their own through newly created complementary innovation. Essentially, a business ecosystem member can become a business ecosystem leader in a new business ecosystem. Second, a business ecosystem member gains market shares from technology leadership, the experience of mass production, and collaboration with the business ecosystem leader. Third, a business ecosystem member who creates complementary innovations can obtain patent royalties. These mechanisms help business ecosystem members stay within business ecosystems and contribute to its success and sustainability.
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Roundy, Philip T., and Mark A. Bayer. "To bridge or buffer? A resource dependence theory of nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 11, no. 4 (2019): 550–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-06-2018-0064.
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Purpose Vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems, systems of inter-related forces that promote and sustain regional entrepreneurship, are increasingly viewed as sources of innovation, economic development and community revitalization. Regions with emerging, underdeveloped or depressed economies are attempting to develop their nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems in the hopes of experiencing the positive benefits of entrepreneurial activity. For nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems to grow requires resources. However, how nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems manage their resource dependencies and the tensions that exist between creating and attracting resources are not clear. The purpose of this paper is to propose a theory of nascent entrepreneurial ecosystem resource dependence. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper analyzes entrepreneurial ecosystems as meta-organizations and builds on resource dependence theory to explain how nascent ecosystems respond to environmental dependencies and their resource needs through internal and external strategies. Findings Two specific strategies used by nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems to manage resource dependence – bridging and buffer – are explored. It is proposed that there is a positive relationship between the resource dependence of a nascent entrepreneurial ecosystem and its use of bridging and buffering activities. Two ecosystem characteristics that influence the pursuit of bridging and buffering – ecosystem size and the presence of collaborative values – are also identified. In addition, it is theorized that resource dependence strategies influence a key, system-level characteristic of entrepreneurial ecosystems: resilience, the ecosystem’s ability to respond and adapt to internal and external disruptions. Originality/value The theory presented generates insights into how nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems create and obtain resources when ecosystems are unmunificent, resource-constrained or underdeveloped. The theorizing addresses which resource dependence strategy – buffering or bridging – has a stronger link to resource dependence (and resilience) and under what conditions these linkages occur. The theoretical model generates insights for research on entrepreneurship in emerging and developed economies and produces practical implications for ecosystem participants, policymakers and economic development organizations.
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Ben Letaifa, Soumaya. "The uneasy transition from supply chains to ecosystems." Management Decision 52, no. 2 (2014): 278–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2013-0329.
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Purpose – This paper uses the multidimensional definition of value – ecosystemic value – and employs lifecycle theory to identify the different stages of evolution of value-creation and -capture processes in an ecosystem. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to show the uneasy transition from supply chains to ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a field study of a Canadian ICT ecosystem, this paper adopts a multilevel perspective on value-creation and value-capture processes and illustrates how these processes need to move from a dyadic economic focus to a network socioeconomic one. Findings – The findings pinpoint the uneasy transition from supply-chains management to ecosystems management and provide a framework for understanding how value creation and value capture should be coupled throughout the ecosystem lifecycle. Finally, five theoretical and managerial propositions are suggested to better leverage ecosystemic capabilities and better manage value creation and value capture in ecosystems. Practical implications – Five theoretical and managerial propositions are suggested to better leverage ecosystemic capabilities and better manage value creation and value capture in ecosystems. Originality/value – Many marketing and management scholars discuss the limitations of unbalanced perspectives (customer- or seller-centric) in building a comprehensive view of how value is created and captured. This multi-actors case study highlights how ecosystemic value creation may be obstructed by a firm's focus on value capture.
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Gomes, Julius Francis, Marika Iivari, Minna Pikkarainen, and Petri Ahokangas. "Business Models as Enablers of Ecosystemic Interaction." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2018070101.
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A business ecosystem supports relationships between its stakeholders. Although it has been recognized that ecosystem stakeholders neither solely compete, nor collaborate, but rather co-develop their capabilities, empirically-based research evidence on this interactive co-development in ecosystems remains scarce. The interaction among ecosystem stakeholders is approached from the business model perspective. Accordingly, this article builds on business model literature, and on empirical data gathered within an emerging connected health ecosystem. This article conceptualizes business models as dynamic capabilities that enable ecosystemic and symbiotic interaction through opportunity exploration and exploitation, value creation and capture, and, advantage exploration and exploitation. This article argues that co-developing business models through sensing, seizing and transforming is a key enabler for ecosystem's success and sustainability.
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Kastl, Pia. "Business Ecosystems, Platform Ecosystems und Innovation Ecosystems." Controlling 31, no. 6 (2019): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0935-0381-2019-6-66.
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In Forschung und Praxis ist immer häufiger die Rede von Ecosystems. Vorherrschend sind dabei insbesondere die Konzepte des Business Ecosystem, Platform Ecosystem und Innovation Ecosystem. Eine trennscharfe Differenzierung zwischen diesen Konzepten fehlt bisher. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, Definitionen von Ecosystems abzugrenzen sowie Eigenschaften und Differenzen der verschiedenen Arten gegenüberzustellen.
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Roundy, Philip T. "Social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 9 (2017): 1252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2016-0045.
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Purpose The formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems is recognized as an activity that can produce economic development and community revitalization. Social entrepreneurship is also an activity that is receiving growing attention because of its potential for addressing social and economic problems. However, while scholars have focused on how the participants in entrepreneurial ecosystems, such as investors and support organizations, influence ecosystem functioning, it is not clear what role social entrepreneurs can play in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Nor is it known how the entrepreneurial ecosystems in which social entrepreneurs are located can influence the founding and operation of their ventures. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this conceptual paper, theory is proposed to explain the interrelationship between entrepreneurial ecosystems and social entrepreneurship. Findings It is theorized that entrepreneurial ecosystems will influence the operations and effectiveness of social entrepreneurs through mechanisms such as the ecosystem’s diversity of resource providers, support infrastructure, entrepreneurial culture, and learning opportunities. In turn, social entrepreneurs can shape the entrepreneurial ecosystems in which they are situated by influencing the heterogeneity of ecosystem participants, garnering attention for the ecosystem, and increasing its attractiveness to stakeholders. Originality/value Scholars examining entrepreneurial ecosystems have not studied the role of an increasingly important market actor: the social entrepreneur. At the same time, work on social entrepreneurship has not emphasized the community of social relations and cultural milieu in which social entrepreneurs found their ventures. The theory developed addresses both of these omissions and has important implications for practitioners focused on spurring entrepreneurial ecosystems and social entrepreneurship.
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Horváth, Klaudia Gabriella. "What Are the Benefits and Pitfalls of Innovation Ecosystems? : Lessons Learned From Tungsram’s Ecosystem." Köz-Gazdaság 17, no. 3 (2022): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/retp2022.03.05.
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Whereas innovation ecosystems became widely popular lately, our knowledge is quite limited on the practical implementation of the relevant ecosystem models, specifically in Hungary. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyse an innovation ecosystem as a case study related to one of the biggest Hungarian multinational company, called Tungsram. The research is considered to be a qualitative research, as the methodology incorporates document analysis and 26 semi-structured interviews with the ecosystem’s participants. The results show that the main benefits of participating in ecosystems are: new value creation by resource and knowledge sharing, networking and minimizing the cost of innovation. Meanwhile, the pitfalls of cooperation are closely related to the credibility of the ecosystem leader, to the formulation of the ecosystem’s strategy and to the quality of the absorptive capacity of the partners.
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Annanperä, Elina, Kari Liukkunen, and Jouni Markkula. "Innovation in Evolving Business Ecosystem: A Case Study of Information Technology-Based Future Health and Exercise Service." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 12, no. 04 (2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877015500157.
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Technology and software-based service development is increasingly important in business or innovation ecosystems. This paper describes an evolution of such an ecosystem as part of a four-year collaboration with several companies and a research organization. Research was conducted on the ecosystem's functions, from the perspective of managing its members' innovation activities and changing roles. We discuss the methods and tools for supporting and facilitating service innovation activities in the ecosystem formation. We conclude that innovation ecosystems benefit from the aid of research organization and the tools and methods they can bring to help the evolution of the ecosystem.
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Wang, Motong. "Analysis of Unbearable Pressures on The Great Barrier Reef Ecosystem." Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences 3 (November 26, 2024): 427–33. https://doi.org/10.62051/wvfvfz18.
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Under the trend of global warming, coral reef ecosystems are under stress beyond the scope of the system to repair itself. The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) ecosystem, as the most representative coral reef ecosystem, is facing difficulties such as coral bleaching and reduced coral abundance due to excessive stressors. Based on the existing scientific research results and relevant experimental data, the existing stressors and their consequent impacts in the GBR ecosystem were reviewed. At present, the coral reef ecosystem in the GBR can be surveyed and clearly affected by three human-induced stressors: water quality, overfishing, and climate change. Water pollution from agriculture, industry and tourism surrounding the GBR ecosystem has led to a decrease in the ecosystem's energy supply and an increase in the prevalence of Marine life. Overfishing has resulted in the removal of vital roles that maintain the GBR ecosystem from the GBR ecosystem, limiting the productivity of the reef ecosystem. Climate change is hitting calcium-dependent Marine life in the GBR ecosystem and reducing the reproductive success of Marine life. The better understanding of the stressors coral reef ecosystems is facing can help us in our efforts to protect coral reef ecosystems in the future and help the organisms in the coral reef ecosystems adapting environmental changes brought by global warming, while bring down the influence of human activities on the ecosystem through policies.
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Komorin, V. M. "Mathematical model for managing marine ecosystem risks." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 33 (September 15, 2024): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.33.2024.04.
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The article presents the results of the research aimed at developing and verifying a mathematical model for managing the ecosystem risks of marine areas. The main purpose of the research is to create an effective tool for assessing and managing the risks arising from anthropogenic influence, climate change and other natural factors. The proposed model is based on the existing theory of sea ecosystem risks management and takes into account the relationship between natural and anthropogenic factors, condition of marine ecosystems, their vulnerability and ecosystem services. The model uses mathematical methods, in particular, differential equations, statistical analyses, simulation modeling and network analysis, allowing creation of detailed models that reflect marine ecosystems' dynamics and their response to external influence. Numerous experiments were conducted in order to verify the model. They demonstrate its ability to predict changes in the condition of marine ecosystems under influence of various factors. The results of the research show that the proposed model can be an effective tool for optimizing management strategies, minimizing ecosystem risks and improving sustainability of marine ecosystems. Practical recommendations developed on the basis of the results of the research include strategies for preventing, minimizing and adapting to potential threats, taking into consideration each region's and ecosystem's specifics. The proposed model helps to optimize management decisions, reducing risks and improving the condition of marine ecosystems affected by anthropogenic impact and climate change. It is a reliable tool for ensuring sustainability and preservation of marine ecosystems. This approach allows for evidence-based risk management that increases sustainability of marine ecosystems and their preservation for future generations. The model also considers key factors influencing marine ecosystems, including biological diversity, water quality, industrial fisheries, tourism and recreation, and allows evaluation of effectiveness of various management decisions in the context of such factors. The application of this model in ecosystem management practices allows making more informed decisions regarding protection and preservation of marine resources. It contributes to their sustainable development and provision of ecosystem services having critical importance for society.
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Roundy, Philip T. "Technology rewind: The emergence of the analog entrepreneurial ecosystem." Journal of General Management 47, no. 2 (2021): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063070211023448.
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Research has focused on the ecosystems of forces that influence how organizations pursue opportunities in new industries, nascent markets, and novel technologies. However, there is an emerging, but unstudied, ecosystem supporting entrepreneurial activities in legacy industries, mature markets, and based on (seemingly) obsolete technologies—the analog entrepreneurial ecosystem (AEE). To develop a framework to explain this phenomenon and guide entrepreneurs and managers operating in this ecosystem, a theory of the AEE is proposed. The theory explains the ecosystem’s main components and delineates the forces driving its emergence. The model contributes to research on ecosystems, technology reemergence, and management in mature markets and has implications for organizations pursuing opportunities outside the digital ecosystem and based on legacy products.
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Mamboleo, Martin. "An Ecosystem Approach for The Sustainable Use and Management of the Lake Victoria Ecosystem." Journal of Sustainability Perspectives 3, no. 1 (2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jsp.2023.15619.
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The key to achieving sustainable development is striking a balance between the exploitation of natural resources for socioeconomic development and the preservation of ecosystem services, which are essential to everyone's well-being and livelihood. This can be achieved by using the ecosystem approach which promotes fair conservation and sustainable use of both land, water and living resources. Over the years, human activities have played an important role in the degradation of natural ecosystems, either due to pollution or unsustainable development. Lake Victoria is the best example of the impact of anthropogenic activity on ecosystems, as it has undergone dramatic biophysical and geochemical changes in a relatively short time. Managing Lake Victoria requires the coordinated efforts of individuals, landowners, research institutions, community groups, and the government. This lake is an important group of natural resources due to its ecosystem services and often unique cultural characteristics hence need for sustainable management. This article focuses on using the ecosystem method to determine optimal management approaches for the Lake Victoria ecosystem's long-term sustainability. The article proposes an integrated stakeholder-based management system and holistic regional development in lake areas that will preserve natural ecosystems without compromising the sustainable use of ecosystem services. As a result, there is a need to remedy the lake ecosystem's degradation in order to retain the shared ecological services that support socioeconomic well-being.
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Popov, E. V. "Transactional Business Ecosystem Size Configurator." AlterEconomics 21, no. 4 (2024): 677–93. https://doi.org/10.31063/altereconomics/2024.21-4.3.
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The development of a digital society is driving the growth of business ecosystems to unprecedented sizes, highlighting the need to determine the most economically viable ecosystem sizes. This study focuses on optimizing the size of business ecosystems through economic relations. The research method employed is a systematic logical analysis of transactional interactions among ecosystem elements, using a stakeholder approach. The goal of the study is to systematize methods for optimizing the size of business ecosystems within the transactional framework of interactions between the core of the system and its stakeholders. The study demonstrates that the optimization and assessment of a business ecosystem’s size can be based on breaking down the ecosystem into its infrastructure, network, digital, and institutional components. Key transaction costs are identified for each structure: infrastructure assessment, network interactions, digital technology implementation, and institutional support. The study defines several methods for optimizing the size of business ecosystems: analyzing stakeholder structures through an analytical model, evaluating the cost dependencies between the core and stakeholders based on asset specificity, examining the potential of digitalization, and constructing an institutional atlas. The research also concludes that the equilibrium point between the transaction function and the production function of institutions can serve as the optimal size of the business ecosystem within its institutional structure. The study contributes to the field by systematizing methods for optimizing ecosystem size, thereby advancing the theory of transactional configuration in economic ecosystems. The practical significance of the findings lies in the development of a framework for managing stakeholder interactions across resources, thus improving business ecosystem management.
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YAKIMOVA, Vilena A., and Sergei V. KHMURA. "A methodology to assess the maturity level of the digital ecosystem and its testing on the IT parks case." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 23, no. 9 (2024): 1610–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.23.9.1610.
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Subject. The article addresses a technopark as a form of a digital ecosystem that has a certain structure and is characterized by the features of structural components and their interrelationships. Objectives. The study aims to develop a methodology for assessing the maturity level of digital ecosystem, which enables to determine the stage of ecosystem's life cycle and the level of its development. Methods. The assessment rests on the developed multifactorial methodology. It includes three interrelated complex parameters (resource and infrastructure security, the level of development of central relational mechanisms, and ecosystem productivity). The methodology is based on methods of scoring and identifying correlation between indicators characterizing the maturity level of each component of the ecosystem. Results. From a theoretical perspective, we developed an assessment methodology. It is unique in its multifactorial and structural approach to assessing the maturity of ecosystems. From a practical point of view, we built ratings of IT parks, which clearly reflect the stage of ecosystem development, factors ensuring the growth of productivity, and socio-economic effect from ecosystem mechanisms of the IT park. The study identifies the best ecosystems of IT parks and ecosystems that need to be developed and supported financially and institutionally. Conclusions. The assessment methodology is applicable for monitoring and evaluating the stage of development of IT parks as digital regional ecosystems.
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Briscoe, Gerard, Suzanne Sadedin, and Philippe De Wilde. "Digital Ecosystems: Ecosystem-Oriented Architectures." Natural Computing 10, no. 3 (2011): 1143–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11047-011-9254-0.
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Fauzi, Ariffatchur, Dwinardi Apriyanto, Agustin Zarkani, Sugeng Santoso, Maulana I. Kamil, and Hariz E. Wibowo. "Abundance and diversity of soil arthropods in the secondary forest and park at the University of Bengkulu." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 13, no. 1 (2023): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.13.1.168-174.
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Soil ecosystems are ecosystems related to the degradation of organic matter. University of Bengkulu is an area that has two kinds of soil ecosystems; secondary forest ecosystems and park ecosystems. Arthropods are one of the faunas living in the University of Bengkulu campus ecosystem. Camponotus dominates the secondary forest area, while Solenopsis dominates the park ecosystem. Data were obtained from two ecosystems (secondary forest ecosystem and park ecosystem). The results show that there are five classes with 199 individuals, while in the park ecosystem, there are four classes with 250 individuals.The secondary forest ecosystem diversity index value is 2,73, and the ecosystem diversity index value is 1,91. The evenness index value of the secondary forest ecosystem is 0,78, and the park ecosystem is 0,76. The secondary forest ecosystem dominance index value is 0,09, and the park ecosystem dominance index is 0,17. The diversity of soil arthropods in secondary forest and park ecosystems is in the category of moderate diversity. The even distribution of soil arthropods in both ecosystems is high. Moreover, there is no dominance by one type of soil arthropods in both ecosystems. The diversity of arthropods in the secondary forest ecosystem is higher than that of the park ecosystem. The number of individuals in the park ecosystem is higher than in the secondary forest ecosystem. In both ecosystems, the most commonly found are from the Formicidae family
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Bajaj, Miss Sakshi Shankar, and Miss Anam Mohd Sharif Ansari. "Impact of Climate Change on Freshwater Resources." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 6, no. 31[A] (2025): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15487580.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> Freshwater ecosystems, including rivers, lakes, and wetlands, are highly sensitive to both natural and human-induced environmental changes. These ecosystems are intricately linked through hydrological and ecological processes, influencing and being influenced by surrounding landscapes. The extent to which a freshwater system responds to climate change is determined by various factors, including the intensity of climatic shifts, interactions with human activities, and the ecosystem's inherent characteristics. As a result, predicting these responses in advance remains a complex challenge. To better understand the effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems, we propose a conceptual framework that highlights key ecological transformations. Our approach identifies eleven critical indicators that reflect ecosystem responses to climate change, outlining their significance, limitations, and relevant measurement methods. These indicators are grouped into three interconnected categories: hydrological patterns, water quality parameters, and ecosystem structure and function. By utilizing diverse data sets covering different temporal and spatial scales, these indicators provide valuable insights for both scientific research and environmental management. Collectively, they enhance our ability to assess, monitor, and mitigate the impacts of climate change on freshwater ecosystems
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KHVESYK, Mykhailo, and Maria ILINA. "ECOSYSTEM PAYMENTS AS THE TOOL IMPLEMENTING THE ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." Economy of Ukraine 2022, no. 10 (2022): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.10.076.
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Growing environmental threats and the depletion of natural resources urge to review the scientific concepts of society's interaction with nature. At the same time, the ecosystem approach is slowly being implemented in environmental economics, although theoretical and methodological principles of the approach have not yet been properly put into practice in Ukraine. In this regard, peculiarities of transformation of the present natural resource management mechanism with implementation of ecosystem approach applying its key economic tool – the ecosystem payments – are substantiated. The ecosystem approach to natural resource management is the management strategy considering complicated biological relations within ecosystems, the natural resources of which are used if planning and implementing any nature management measures. The approach also represents the comprehension that these relations are worthy, since they are able to affect the state, capacity and output of key ecological functions of ecosystems. The hierarchical structure of the ecosystem approach implementation procedure in the natural resource management has been reflected in the guiding principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity. From both theoretical and practical points of view the principles should be divided into organizational-economic and ecological-economic. Ecosystem payments are payments for usage, non-usage of ecosystem resources or services, compensation for their pollution or degradation; all payments paid in the framework of the ecosystem approach aiming to protect and preserve ecosystems, provide rational use of their resources and support the functions. They include obligatory payments for the usage of ecosystem resources, their pollution, depletion or degradation; compensatory payments which the state pays to citizens for the usage of their ecosystems or to farmers for non-usage of ecosystems or usage if introducing new technologies; payments for ecosystem services; equivalent payments. The criteria to determine the type of payments are their optionality; the type of budget they are paid from; predominance of ecosystem’s worth over market prices; goal of the payments; the possibility to regulate payments with civil contracts, delay payments and change the amount; dependency of payments on the results of economic activity; mutual benefits.
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Bogart, Chris, Christian Kästner, James Herbsleb, and Ferdian Thung. "When and How to Make Breaking Changes." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 30, no. 4 (2021): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447245.
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Open source software projects often rely on package management systems that help projects discover, incorporate, and maintain dependencies on other packages, maintained by other people. Such systems save a great deal of effort over ad hoc ways of advertising, packaging, and transmitting useful libraries, but coordination among project teams is still needed when one package makes a breaking change affecting other packages. Ecosystems differ in their approaches to breaking changes, and there is no general theory to explain the relationships between features, behavioral norms, ecosystem outcomes, and motivating values. We address this through two empirical studies. In an interview case study, we contrast Eclipse, NPM, and CRAN, demonstrating that these different norms for coordination of breaking changes shift the costs of using and maintaining the software among stakeholders, appropriate to each ecosystem’s mission. In a second study, we combine a survey, repository mining, and document analysis to broaden and systematize these observations across 18 ecosystems. We find that all ecosystems share values such as stability and compatibility, but differ in other values. Ecosystems’ practices often support their espoused values, but in surprisingly diverse ways. The data provides counterevidence against easy generalizations about why ecosystem communities do what they do.
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Avarmaa, Mari, Lasse Torkkeli, Laivi Laidroo, and Ekaterina Koroleva. "The interplay of entrepreneurial ecosystem actors and conditions in FinTech ecosystems: An empirical analysis." Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation 18, no. 4 (2022): 79–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7341/20221843.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of actors and ecosystem conditions in the development of the FinTech ecosystems in Tallinn and Moscow. METHODOLOGY: The study develops a framework for investigating entrepreneurial ecosystems, combining ecosystem actors with ecosystem conditions. The framework is implemented through a comparative case study of FinTech ecosystems in Tallinn and Moscow, with data drawn from 35 semi-structured interviews and processed by means of thematic analysis. The primary data is supplemented with data from secondary sources. FINDINGS: The findings show how the ecosystem conditions and actors are interdependent in the FinTech ecosystems. Tallinn is an example of a strong entrepreneurial culture with its small market, advanced technological infrastructure, and talent, which leads to the dominance of the FinTech start-ups and the emergence of an active FinTech cluster organization. In Moscow, the institutional context, concentration of financial capital, and its large home market with a loyal customer base limit start-ups’ ability to grow and form the ecosystem. IMPLICATIONS: The study contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems and emerging technologies by integrating the streams of research on entrepreneurial ecosystems and FinTech ecosystems, combining FinTech actors with entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions. It also highlights the implications of variations of entrepreneurial culture, characteristics of the domestic demand and formal institutions in the development of ecosystems. It demonstrates that ecosystem conditions are likely to contribute to the emergence of the dominant actor in a particular ecosystem. Our results also suggest that when aiming to develop the FinTech ecosystem in a city, the support given to FinTech cluster organizations is essential. Facilitating university–industry cooperation through the cluster organizations or direct partnerships can contribute to the development of FinTech ecosystems. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: To our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate how specific entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions lead to configurations with different types of ecosystem actors, and to illustrate how specific ecosystem conditions impact the way in which actors develop and operate and how the ecosystem configuration is structured. These have been notable omissions in extant entrepreneurial ecosystem research until now. The present study also illustrates sectoral variations in entrepreneurial ecosystems while highlighting the distinct features of emerging ecosystems. It also contributes to the emerging literature on FinTech ecosystems through a comparative empirical perspective, thereby enhancing understanding of local conditions necessary for developing and maintaining FinTech ecosystems in different contexts.
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Barykin, Sergey Yevgenievich, Irina Vasilievna Kapustina, Tatiana Viktorovna Kirillova, Vladimir Konstantinovich Yadykin, and Yevgenii Aleksandrovich Konnikov. "Economics of Digital Ecosystems." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040124.
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This paper examines a new approach to defining digital ecosystems. Within the digital economy of ecosystems, competition is eliminated, and organizations form unions and alliances in order to work together and cooperate to reach a set goal. This means a digital ecosystem can be viewed as a complex environment in which organizations without any hard ties operate. Digital ecosystems differ from traditional ecosystems in many ways. The business organization of the latter is based on management decision making by people. This paper presents theoretical foundations for developing digital ecosystems based on a literary review. Based on the logic of scientific search using the keywords “ecosystem” and “biological ecosystem”, the commonality of the properties of the digital ecosystem and the biological ecosystem is shown. The aim of the study is to identify common characteristics in biological, economic and digital ecosystems in order to substantiate the possibility of using the same approaches for research and modeling of such systems. A definition of a digital ecosystem is proposed by the authors which points out the main features of this kind of system and highlights the dominant role of modern digital technologies in the formation of the digital ecosystem. The paper looks at the distinctive features of digital ecosystems and characteristics similar to the characteristics of biological ecosystems, such as ecosystem participants, presence of limiting impacts, lack of vertical hierarchical communication. The developed model can be used to model digital ecosystems. The authors believe that the emergence of a trend in the transformation of ecosystems in the direction of expanding the collaboration of economic agents is reasonable. At the same time, digitalization helps to replace competition with collaboration. The paper finishes with a discussion of the obtained results and a plan for further research.
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Kirey, Vladimir V., and Olga I. Morozova. "METHODS FOR ASSESSING NON-MARKET ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 9/1, no. 139 (2023): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.09.01.011.
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Economic activities related to changes in the state of forest ecosystems due to the growing demand for forest resources are one of the main factors in the deterioration of forest ecosystems and a decrease in the cost of natural capital. Forest ecosystems are an essential source of ecosystem services, which are the most important element of natural assets. The purpose of review is to consider economic methods for assessing non-market services of forest ecosystems. The author describes methods for estimating the cost of forest ecosystem services based on the paradigm of sustainable development and welfare. With the increasing use of public goods (ecosystem services), there is a need for a better assessment of the role that forest ecosystems play in the conservation and enhancement of natural capital. Forest ecosystems represent a number of intangible values: scientific, cultural, religious, and also represent a heritage that can be passed on to future generations. Given the importance of forest ecosystems in sustaining sustainable development, non-market forest ecosystem services are of much greater value than the profits that forest users receive from timber harvesting. The feasibility of assessing the ecosystem services of forest ecosystems plays a role. The feasibility of assessing ecosystem services of forest ecosystems plays a crucial role in obtaining knowledge for policy development, management of forest ecosystems and spatial planning.
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Dmitrieva, I. A., and R. F. Yulmetova. "Ecosystem approach and innovative educational ecosystems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 864, no. 1 (2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/864/1/012002.
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Cropp, Roger, and Albert Gabric. "ECOSYSTEM ADAPTATION: DO ECOSYSTEMS MAXIMIZE RESILIENCE?" Ecology 83, no. 7 (2002): 2019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2019:eademr]2.0.co;2.
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Yaneva, Rositsa, Miglena Zhiyanski, Ivailo Markoff, Maria Sokolovska, and Stoyan Nedkov. "Assessment and mapping the dynamics of soil properties in selected forest stands from the region of Central Balkan National Park in the context of ecosystem services." One Ecosystem 3 (February 21, 2018): e23156. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e23156.
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Forests set natural conditions and embody a repository of biological diversity that represents a myriad of ecosystem services for human well-being. The spatial patterns and the forest ecosystems' dynamics over time make the forests of particular environmental significance for the provision of ecosystem services. The terrestrial biodiversity and the sustainable management strategies' demand for mapping and assessment of the dynamics for the condition of forest ecosystems by drawing attention to the soil properties. In order to take on that task, the data series obtained by the <i>International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests</i> (ICP Forests) for the period 1986–2016 were found as appropriate quantitative indicators that convey information about the ecosystem's capacity to provide certain regulating ecosystem services. The ICP Forests Level I sites, located in the Central Balkan region, provide consistent information, which is collected on a regular basis about observed forest stands. The primary focus of the present research is to conduct a biophysical assessment of the forest ecosystems and to define their overall condition regarding two time series – the periods 1992/1993 and 2015. This study attempts to introduce an innovative approach and aims at linking the existing ICP Forests network dataset with the ecosystem services concept and the identified spatial units from the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) polygons for the territory of Central Balkan National Park. On this basis and through the implementation of GIS techniques, the dynamics of soil properties in selected forest ecosystems was analysed with regard to their capacity to supply relevant ecosystems services, which were assessed and mapped. The biophysical data provides robust information on the ecosystem services and the results show the variations in the capacity of different forest sub-types to provide ecosystem services within a well-defined land cover unit. Additionally, the research work intended to review the generated outcomes with reference to the DPSIR (driver-pressure-state-impact-response) method by giving feedback on the changes in the terrestrial ecosystems in the last 25 years. Further application of the mapping approach in assisting the communication in the decision- making process is also discussed.
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Kirey, Vladimir V. "GLOBAL SYSTEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 11/2, no. 140 (2023): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.11.02.011.
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Throughout history, people have treated natural resources as infinite and free, which has led to their overexploitation and degradation of ecosystems. At present, society and industry are facing challenges caused by the degradation of ecosystems and the reduction of ecosystem service flows. With ecosystem accounting, we now have the ability to incorporate the value of biodiversity into policy and decision-making. Clear consideration of ecosystem contributions as to current ecosystems Market production, as well as the broader benefits accruing to individuals and society, contributes to a broader understanding of the role of ecosystems and the impacts that can arise when the scale and condition of ecosystems change. The purpose of this article is to provide stakeholders with a brief overview of existing classification systems and assessment frameworks for ecosystem accounting. To do this, we analyses four different ecosystem classification systems, including the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services, and the Intergovernmental Scientific Classification. - Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. This review will help to determine the most appropriate models for assessing ecosystem services and natural capital for use in Russia.
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Chai, Xeai Li, H. Rohasliney, and I. S. Kamaruddin. "Evaluating the Tropical Reservoir Health by using the Index of Biotic Integrity as a Management Tool for Resource Conservation Planning." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 12 (2022): 3897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5112-03.
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Biotic Integrity index (IBI) is widely utilized for biomonitoring in aquatic ecosystems, especially in assessing aquatic ecosystem health worldwide. Environmental changes significantly impact the aquatic ecosystem’s health of Subang Reservoir, which consequently affects the aquatic biodiversity. This study was conducted to determine its ecosystem’s health by assessing the IBI of freshwater fish in Subang Reservoir. In this study, thirty-four metrics were firstly selected as candidate metrics, and later, these thirty-four metrics underwent several statistical tests such as range, responsiveness, redundancy, and metrics scoring to screen and select the most appropriate metrics. A final eight metrics were selected after the statistical analysis, and a total score of 24 indicated that the Subang Reservoir’s ecosystem shows some stress due to an imbalanced fish guild. This showed that the ecosystem’s health of Subang Reservoir is in fair condition. This is because of the limitation of fish entering Subang Reservoir. The implementation of biomonitoring can be improved by modifying and selecting the most appropriate techniques, and the usage of biomonitoring can be increased in Malaysia’s freshwater ecosystems. The result reported in this study can be used as a scientific base data for implementing biomonitoring.
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Gerashchenko, Irina Petrovna, and Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Kovalev. "Formation of educational ecosystems through the digital transformation of the educational environment." SHS Web of Conferences 121 (2021): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112103004.
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Cognitive and digital transformation stimulates both academic and applied interest in the concept of socio-economic ecosystems. Today, traditional interaction chains in education, cooperation forms, for example, network ones, should give way to new organizational-economic interaction mechanisms – educational ecosystems. Research purpose is development of theoretical approaches to the formation of cross-geographic educational ecosystems through the digital transformation of the educational environment. The study is based on general scientific methods of systematization, comparison and generalization of research in the field of formation and functioning of ecosystems. Structural-functional and integrated approaches were used to develop the concept of formation of educational ecosystems. A comparative analysis of three overlapping ecosystem concepts (business ecosystems, knowledge ecosystems and innovation ecosystems) was carried out. The type, approaches and strategies for the formation of cross-geographic educational ecosystems have been determined. It is noted that digital transformation forms a digital educational environment, which can serve as the basis for the formation of cross-geographic educational ecosystems. As a typical basis for the formation of an educational ecosystem, it is proposed to use a business ecosystem as a form of socio-economic interaction of actors. As a strategy for the formation of an ecosystem, a structural strategy is defined with the allocation of a core – a leading university or an association of universities, and as actors – universities, students, post-graduate students, teachers, employees, graduating students, employers and other stakeholders. It is noted that the core plays a key role in the formation of a cross-geographic educational ecosystem. An effective strategy of the educational business ecosystem depends on the ability of the core to place other participants in positions and endow them with roles, on the one hand, corresponding to the strategy of the ecosystem as a whole, on the other hand, ensuring the actors’ satisfaction.
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Fan, Xue, Xingming Hao, Haichao Hao, Jingjing Zhang, and Yuanhang Li. "Comprehensive Assessment Indicator of Ecosystem Resilience in Central Asia." Water 13, no. 2 (2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020124.
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The ecosystems in the arid inland areas of Central Asia are fragile and severely degraded. Understanding and assessing ecosystem resilience is a challenge facing ecosystems. Based on the net primary productivity (NPP) data estimated by the CASA model, this study conducted a quantitative analysis of the ecosystem’s resilience and comprehensively reflected its resilience from multiple dimensions. Furthermore, a comprehensive resilience index was constructed. The result showed that plain oasis’s ecosystem resilience is the highest, followed by deserts and mountainous areas. From the perspective of vegetation types, the highest resilience is artificial vegetation and the lowest is forest. In warm deserts, the resilience is higher in shrubs and meadows and lower in grassland vegetation. High coverage and biomass are not the same as the strong adaptability of the ecosystem. Moderate and slightly inelastic areas mainly dominate the ecosystem resilience of the study area. The new method is easy to use. The evaluation result is reliable. It can quantitatively analyze the resilience latitude and recovery rate, a beneficial improvement to the current ecosystem resilience evaluation.
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Fan, Xue, Xingming Hao, Haichao Hao, Jingjing Zhang, and Yuanhang Li. "Comprehensive Assessment Indicator of Ecosystem Resilience in Central Asia." Water 13, no. 2 (2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020124.
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The ecosystems in the arid inland areas of Central Asia are fragile and severely degraded. Understanding and assessing ecosystem resilience is a challenge facing ecosystems. Based on the net primary productivity (NPP) data estimated by the CASA model, this study conducted a quantitative analysis of the ecosystem’s resilience and comprehensively reflected its resilience from multiple dimensions. Furthermore, a comprehensive resilience index was constructed. The result showed that plain oasis’s ecosystem resilience is the highest, followed by deserts and mountainous areas. From the perspective of vegetation types, the highest resilience is artificial vegetation and the lowest is forest. In warm deserts, the resilience is higher in shrubs and meadows and lower in grassland vegetation. High coverage and biomass are not the same as the strong adaptability of the ecosystem. Moderate and slightly inelastic areas mainly dominate the ecosystem resilience of the study area. The new method is easy to use. The evaluation result is reliable. It can quantitatively analyze the resilience latitude and recovery rate, a beneficial improvement to the current ecosystem resilience evaluation.
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Kirey, Vladimir V., and Svetlana V. Sharova. "IDENTIFICATION OF BEST PRACTICES FOR THE ECONOMIC VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES GENERATED BY FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN AREAS AFFECTED BY ARMED STRUGGLE." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 12/19, no. 153 (2024): 119–29. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.12.19.013.
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The global degradation of natural ecosystems under the influence of anthropo-genic and natural pressures has led to the emergence of various methods for the economic val-uation of ecosystem services. The importance and reliability of the economic valuation methods themselves are the subject of growing scientific debate. Although there are many approaches to the valuation of ecosystem services, the analysis of the applicability of the methods. The eco-nomic valuation of ecosystem services generated by natural ecosystems adversely affected by post-conflict warfare methods and their consequences has not been carried out. The focus on the economic valuation of ecosystem services and the development of the concept of post-conflict restoration of natural and human ecosystems on its basis helps to attract political support for the conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems in post-conflict areas. This article con-tributes to the scientific discussion on the effectiveness and acceptability of methods for the economic valuation of ecosystem services. The author presents and describes the factors of the negative impact of armed conflicts on the processes of generation and provision of ecosystem services by forest ecosystems. To improve the effectiveness of programs for the post-conflict res-toration of forest ecosystems affected by armed struggle in the post-conflict period, the author presents matrices for the applicability of methods for the economic assessment of ecosystem services generated by forest ecosystems.
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Dr., Prakash Laxmanrao Dompale. "Ecosystems and the energy cycle in the environment!" International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 8 (2023): 36–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800714.
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Due to the diversity in natural structure and climate, India has many ecosystems of greater or lesser extent. India has major ecosystems like mountain, plateau, forest, desert, river, wetland, coastal etc. Every ecosystem, every living society has a limit of endurance. If there is a change in the elements of the environment and if the balance is disturbed, the consequences of this are seen on the ecosystem. Ecosystems are dynamic and may occasionally be disturbed. The more frequent or more severe the disturbances in the ecosystem, the longer it takes for the ecosystem to return to its original state. Like when a volcano erupts or a snow falls, the animals, plants and organic matter (organic matter) in the environment are destroyed. Such an ecosystem is re-established after a long period of time. On the contrary, in the event of wildfires and cyclones, the ecosystem is restored in a short period of time. In ecosystems where food supply is abundant, the number of animals increases and in those where food supply is low, the number of animals decreases. When we change ecosystems to suit our needs, we unknowingly disrupt their balance. Many of the world's ecosystems have been altered by human intervention. Environmental stress beyond certain limits can threaten not only ecosystems but the entire ecosystem and, in turn, human existence.
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Li, Yiting, Ming Kong, Chuanfu Zang, and Jinglin Deng. "Spatial and Temporal Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of Water Conservation Amount of Major Ecosystems in Typical Watersheds in Subtropical China." Forests 14, no. 1 (2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010093.
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The water conservation function of ecosystems is a research hot spot in the field of water resources, and it is also an important ecological service function of terrestrial ecosystems and a key point in eco-hydrology research. With the increasing frequency of human activities and climate change, how to reveal the response of ecosystem water conservation function to the changing environment is a scientific problem that needs to be urgently addressed in ecological hydrology research. To reveal the eco-hydrological processes under the changing environment, this study was based on the distributed hydrological model (SWAT) and used water conservation amount (WCA) as an indicator to assess the water conservation capacity of ecosystems. Scenario analysis and statistical analysis were also used to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of the WCAs of farmland, forest, and grassland ecosystems under a changing environment and to further investigate the influence mechanisms of land use change and climate change on the WCA. The findings show that (1) the climate conditions in the Hanjiang watershed have determined the distribution pattern of the ecosystem’s WCA. The spatial distribution patterns of the WCA of each ecosystem differed significantly between the dry season and the wet season. Under the combined influence of human activities and climate change, there was no significant change in the spatial distribution pattern of the WCA. (2) Climate change patterns, which were dominated by precipitation and influenced by evapotranspiration, determined the changes in the WCA of ecosystems. In addition, there were significant spatial differences in the response of the watershed WCA under changing environments in the dry season. Differences in land use type and local climate change were the main reasons for such differences. (3) There were differences in the WCA and the response to changing environments among ecosystems. Forest ecosystems had the highest WCA; grassland ecosystems were the most sensitive to land use change. This study can provide a theoretical basis for alleviating the increasingly serious water resource problems in the basin and ensuring water and ecological security in the basin.
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Zhang, Mengyuan, Shuaipeng Chen, and Wenping Liu. "Disentangling the Complexity of Regional Ecosystem Degradation: Uncovering the Interconnected Natural-Social Drivers of Quantity and Quality Loss." Land 12, no. 7 (2023): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071280.
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In the face of the combined effects of economic development and climate change, ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented pressures. It is imperative to diagnose changes in the quantity and quality of ecosystems, as well as identify the integrated natural and social driving mechanisms that underlie these changes, in order to facilitate ecosystem restoration and maintenance. In this study, we analyzed the changes in forest, grassland, farmland, and water ecosystems in Hubei Province, China from 2000 to 2020. We examined the changes in ecosystem quantity by assessing their area, and for evaluating ecosystem quality, we utilized an ecosystem quality index (EQI). To further understand the integrated natural–social driving mechanisms behind the degradation of different types of ecosystems, we selected four natural factors and fifteen socio-economic factors, based on the influences of climate change and human activities. We employed stepwise regression models for analysis. Our study reveals significant degradation of farmland and grassland ecosystems in Hubei Province from 2000 to 2020, reducing by 5.16% and 82.46%, respectively. The water ecosystems have slightly decreased by 1.08%, while and the forest ecosystems has increased by 2.64%. The analysis further highlights that the total area of ecosystem quality degradation in Hubei Province reached 5.34%. Additionally, our findings indicate that human activities have a greater impact on the quantitative degradation of ecosystems, while climate change has a greater impact on the quality degradation of ecosystems. Specifically, the forestry output value has a significant negative impact on the area of farmland and grassland ecosystems, while rural per capita net income and fishery output value have a significant negative impact on water area. Annual precipitation and annual average temperature have a significant positive effect on the quality of ecosystems in the good-quality level, while ecosystems in the low-quality level are mainly influenced by annual evaporation. Our results provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to restore and manage ecosystems effectively in order to promote regional sustainable development.
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Rodríguez, Jon Paul, David A. Keith, Kathryn M. Rodríguez-Clark, et al. "A practical guide to the application of the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems criteria." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1662 (2015): 20140003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0003.
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The newly developed IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is part of a growing toolbox for assessing risks to biodiversity, which addresses ecosystems and their functioning. The Red List of Ecosystems standard allows systematic assessment of all freshwater, marine, terrestrial and subterranean ecosystem types in terms of their global risk of collapse. In addition, the Red List of Ecosystems categories and criteria provide a technical base for assessments of ecosystem status at the regional, national, or subnational level. While the Red List of Ecosystems criteria were designed to be widely applicable by scientists and practitioners, guidelines are needed to ensure they are implemented in a standardized manner to reduce epistemic uncertainties and allow robust comparisons among ecosystems and over time. We review the intended application of the Red List of Ecosystems assessment process, summarize ‘best-practice’ methods for ecosystem assessments and outline approaches to ensure operational rigour of assessments. The Red List of Ecosystems will inform priority setting for ecosystem types worldwide, and strengthen capacity to report on progress towards the Aichi Targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity. When integrated with other IUCN knowledge products, such as the World Database of Protected Areas/Protected Planet, Key Biodiversity Areas and the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the Red List of Ecosystems will contribute to providing the most complete global measure of the status of biodiversity yet achieved.
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Abella, Scott R., Victor B. Shelburne, and Neil W. MacDonald. "Multifactor classification of forest landscape ecosystems of Jocassee Gorges, southern Appalachian Mountains, South Carolina." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 10 (2003): 1933–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-116.
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Ecosystem classification identifies interrelationships within and among the geomorphology, soils, and vegetation that converge to form ecosystems across forest landscapes. We developed a multifactor ecosystem classification system for a 13 000 ha southern Appalachian landscape acquired in 1998 by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. Using a combination of multivariate analyses, we distinguished five ecosystem types ranging from xeric oak (Quercus spp.) to mesic eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) ecosystems. Ecosystems segregated along geomorphic gradients influencing potential moisture availability, with soil properties such as solum thickness distinguishing among ecosystems occupying similar topographic positions. Our results suggest that different combinations of geomorphic and soil factors interact to form similar ecosystems across the landscape, and a given environmental factor can impact ecosystem development at some constituent sites of an ecosystem type but not at other sites. A regional comparison of ecosystem classifications indicates that environmental variables important for distinguishing ecosystems in the southern Appalachians vary, with Jocassee Gorges characterized by unique suites of environmental complexes. Our study supports the contention that the strengths of ecosystem classification are providing (i) comprehensive information on the interrelationships among ecosystem components, (ii) a foundation from which to develop ecologically based forest management plans, and (iii) an ecological framework in which to conduct future research on specific ecosystem components or processes.
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Hilkert, Daniel, and Thomas Hess. "Ecosystems." MedienWirtschaft 8, no. 2 (2011): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/1613-0669-2011-2-38.
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Das Konzept der „Ecosystems“ wird derzeit auch in der Medienbranche diskutiert. Aktuelle Beispiele wie das Musik-, Video- und Print-Ecosystem von Apple oder Craigslist, dem US-Online-Dienst für Kleinanzeigen, zeigen, dass Anbieter erfolgreicher Ecosystems insbesondere auch in der Medienbranche etablierte Marktstrukturen signifikant zu ihren Gunsten verändern können. Aufbauend auf einer begrifflichen Einordnung und der Beleuchtung ökonomischer Hintergründe, zeigt dieser Stichwortbeitrag auf, welche aktuellen Herausforderungen sich für Anbieter eines Kernprodukts, aber auch für Komplementäre in Ecosystems ergeben.
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Mukherjee, Kasturi, and Tuhin Bhadra. "A comprehensive analysis of Urban Ecosystem Services and their Valuation – a Case Study on Barasat City, India." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1382, no. 1 (2024): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1382/1/012001.
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Abstract The urban environment blends natural and artificial components, influenced by factors like culture, behavior, politics, economics, and social structures. Ecosystem services, beneficial to humans, are valued based on the cost of replication. Given urban expansion, studying urban ecosystems is increasingly crucial. This research assesses ecosystem service value (ESV) changes at a regional level from 1989 to 2020 in Barasat, West Bengal, within Kolkata’s urban area. The ESV variations are examined with the value coefficients and land use data. Barasat, an ancient town, is chosen as a case study. Land cover changes are analyzed using 1989, 2001, 2014, and 2020 imagery classified into six categories: built-up areas, water bodies, vegetation, bare soil, homesteads with plantations, and agricultural land. Nine ecosystem services are identified, with calculations made for each ecosystem’s surface area and total service value in 1989 and 2020. Barasat’s urban growth trend has transformed ecosystems into urban areas, reducing service values over time. This study underscores the importance of locally generated urban ecosystem services for city life and calls for attention in urban and environmental management practices.
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Callicott, J. Baird. "The Value of Ecosystem Health1." Environmental Values 4, no. 4 (1995): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096327199500400403.
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The concept of ecosystem health is problematic. Do ecosystems as such exist? Is health an objective condition of organisms or is it socially constructed? Can ‘health’ be unequivocally predicated of ecosystems? Is ecosystem health both objective and valuative? Are ecosystem health and biological integrity identical? How do these concepts interface with the concept of biodiversity? Ecosystems exist, although they are turning out to be nested sets of linked process-functions with temporal boundaries, not tangible superorganisms with spatial boundaries. Ecosystem health – or normal occurrence of ecological processes and functions – is an objective condition of ecosystems, although the concept of ecosystem health allows some room for personal and social determination or construction. Ecosystem health is prudentially, aesthetically, and intrinsically valuable, although the value of ecosystem health is subjectively conferred. Biodiversity and biological integrity are different from, but not unrelated to, ecosystem health. Together these three normative concepts represent complementary conservation goals.
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Magomaeva, Leyla R., and Svetlana S. Galazova. "The Development of the Russian Economy in the Paradigm of the Formation of Digital Ecosystems." Journal of Economic Regulation 14, no. 4 (2023): 057–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429.2023.14.4.057-070.
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In the article, the authors give answers to such questions as: what is a digital ecosystem? How is a digital ecosystem different from a digital platform? Why are platforms scaling so quickly? Why are platforms beating traditional products? Why do platforms have a high market capitalization but employ a limited number of employees? What impact do ecosystems have on the multilateral market? How do digital ecosystems differ from traditional ecosystems? The signs of digital ecosystems are analyzed, as well as the network interaction of participants in the digital ecosystem. The authors analyze the degree of influence of the dominant platform of the ecosystem on the development of internal competition, it is also revealed that from the point of view of the digital economy, the competitive development of ecosystems can be facilitated by large economies of scale in product development due to the modular design of digital products and services, and the synergy of consumption that is formed due to technological connection between ecosystem products, increasing the complementarity between them. The authors present the components of the successful development of the ecosystem within the digital economy, as well as analyze the ecosystems that have gained the most popularity today. As a result of the analysis, the authors conclude that entering the ecosystem market is always associated with the risk of competition, which is due to the attraction of new consumers. If the market is dominated by one ecosystem or the number of ecosystems is small, then competition between them may be less intense than competition between specialized companies. Ecosystem companies benefit most from supply and demand synergies, which can be enhanced through complementary products and services.
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Portela, Ana Paula. "Freshwater ecosystem services resilience in a changing world." Limnetica 45, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.23818/limn.45.13.
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Healthy freshwater ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services to society such as clean water. However, freshwater ecosystems are degraded, and freshwater biodiversity is severely threatened due to anthropogenic impacts and stressors. Climate change interacts with existing stressors and may compromise the resilience of freshwater ecosystems and their services in the future. Here the aim is to review advances in assessing freshwater ecosystem services and their resilience to environmental change. This work reviews the ecosystem services provided by freshwaters, the conceptual background on ecological resilience, and examples on the resilience of freshwater ecosystems and their services. Examples from African lakes, the Pantanal wetland in Brazil and the Murray-Darling Basin riparian forests in Australia are used to understand the resilience of freshwater ecosystem services to recent and ongoing climate changes and disturbances. This work illustrates the diverse responses of freshwater socio-ecological systems to environmental change and highlights examples of declining resilience of freshwater ecosystems and their services due to climate change and extreme events. However, a high degree of uncertainty still surrounds the identification of regime shifts and future ecosystem trajectories. Research is needed to understand the dynamics of freshwater socio-ecological systems and ensure resilient ecosystems and societies.
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Stepnov, I. M., and J. A. Kovalchuk. "Business Ecosystem Finance: Modern Agenda and Challenges." Finance: Theory and Practice 27, no. 6 (2023): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-6-89-100.
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The relevance of the research is confirmed by the fact that, with the widespread distribution of ecosystems as high-tech heirs of clusters and platforms, the issues of financing business ecosystems are rarely studied in the scientific literature and do not receive the necessary theoretical generalization. The purpose of the research is to systematize the available forms of financing in industrial business ecosystems within a united digital space. The objectives of this research are defined as clarifying the need to include financing functions in the toolkit of emerging industrial business ecosystems and revealing the possibilities of using selected financing methods. The methods of research, on the one hand, are based on the emerging theory of ecosystems, which develops both as a firm’s theory and as ecosystem management, and on the other hand, on a new concept that can be formulated as a fusion of finance, industrialization and digitalization. The results of the research show that there are several approaches to the organization of ecosystem finance. Ecosystems are reported to be equally susceptible to decentralized and centralized (traditional) financing, providing opportunities to create their own decentralized financial environment as well as collaborating with current cryptocurrency-based services. Several forms of financial organization in ecosystems have been identified: a) compensating costs by forming budgets for the creation and ongoing activities; b) attracting ecosystem participants’ own funds to various forms of lending (including on the basis of financial technologies). It is concluded that the development of financing instruments depends on three factors: 1) government policies to regulate the financial aspects of business ecosystems; 2) the efficiency of using the resources of ecosystem participants; 3) ecosystem interactions with supply chains. It is determined that a completely new theory of business ecosystem finance will be completed only after the exit from the experimental mode of financing business ecosystems.
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Murawski, Steven A., John H. Steele, Phillip Taylor, et al. "Why compare marine ecosystems?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 1 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp221.
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Abstract Murawski, S. A., Steele, J. H., Taylor, P., Fogarty, M. J., Sissenwine, M. P., Ford, M., and Suchman, C. 2010. Why compare marine ecosystems? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1–9. Effective marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) requires understanding the key processes and relationships controlling the aspects of biodiversity, productivity, and resilience to perturbations. Unfortunately, the scales, complexity, and non-linear dynamics that characterize marine ecosystems often confound managing for these properties. Nevertheless, scientifically derived decision-support tools (DSTs) are needed to account for impacts resulting from a variety of simultaneous human activities. Three possible methodologies for revealing mechanisms necessary to develop DSTs for EBM are: (i) controlled experimentation, (ii) iterative programmes of observation and modelling (“learning by doing”), and (iii) comparative ecosystem analysis. We have seen that controlled experiments are limited in capturing the complexity necessary to develop models of marine ecosystem dynamics with sufficient realism at appropriate scales. Iterative programmes of observation, model building, and assessment are useful for specific ecosystem issues but rarely lead to generally transferable products. Comparative ecosystem analyses may be the most effective, building on the first two by inferring ecosystem processes based on comparisons and contrasts of ecosystem response to human-induced factors. We propose a hierarchical system of ecosystem comparisons to include within-ecosystem comparisons (utilizing temporal and spatial changes in relation to human activities), within-ecosystem-type comparisons (e.g. coral reefs, temperate continental shelves, upwelling areas), and cross-ecosystem-type comparisons (e.g. coral reefs vs. boreal, terrestrial vs. marine ecosystems). Such a hierarchical comparative approach should lead to better understanding of the processes controlling biodiversity, productivity, and the resilience of marine ecosystems. In turn, better understanding of these processes will lead to the development of increasingly general laws, hypotheses, functional forms, governing equations, and broad interpretations of ecosystem responses to human activities, ultimately improving DSTs in support of EBM.
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Matkovskaya, Ya S. "INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS: RESEARCH OF CORPORATE INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FORMATION OF INTERCORPORATE ECOSYSTEMS IN RUSSIA." Strategic decisions and risk management 14, no. 4 (2024): 352–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2023-4-352-367.
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The author examines the ecosystem approach, corporate innovation ecosystems and intercorporate innovation ecosystems. Considering the importance of their development for achieving the required pace of innovative development of Russian companies and the Russian economy, the study of their condition and development prospects determines the purpose of this paper. An analysis of the literature revealed an increase in the number of studies on innovation ecosystems and their diversity, indicating the potential for further development of the concept of innovation ecosystems. The analysis of the innovative activity of Russian companies shows that the main indicators reflecting the degree of innovative development in Russia in 2019–2022 are growing, but not enough. The average share of innovation costs in 2020–2022 was 2.1%, and in industry – only 1.7%, there was a reduction in the volume of inter-enterprise cooperation on the development of innovations. The author formulated the definition of a corporate innovation ecosystem as a singular innovation ecosystem established by a given company to create innovative value necessary for its development. The author has also formulated the features of its configuration that determine the logic of its functioning. The results of the study show the high potential for scientific and technological cooperation between Russian companies. Therefore, the author formulated the concept of an Intercorporate Innovation Ecosystem, which is a singular innovation ecosystem created on the initiative of two or more participants by partially integrating their corporate innovation ecosystems into an Intercorporate Innovation Ecosystem. Their aim is to carry out joint innovation activities and then independently commercialise the results. The proposed concept, implemented in accordance with the principles of the ecosystem approach, in terms of contractual relations, as well as implying the development of a single platform or functioning on a multi-platform basis, has theoretical validity and seems applicable in the practice of Russian companies and significant for the development of the Russian economy.
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Blanco, Eduardo, Maibritt Pedersen Zari, Kalina Raskin, and Philippe Clergeau. "Urban Ecosystem-Level Biomimicry and Regenerative Design: Linking Ecosystem Functioning and Urban Built Environments." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2021): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010404.
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By 2050, 68% of the world’s population will likely live in cities. Human settlements depend on resources, benefits, and services from ecosystems, but they also tend to deplete ecosystem health. To address this situation, a new urban design and planning approach is emerging. Based on regenerative design, ecosystem-level biomimicry, and ecosystem services theories, it proposes designing projects that reconnect urban space to natural ecosystems and regenerate whole socio-ecosystems, contributing to ecosystem health and ecosystem services production. In this paper, we review ecosystems as models for urban design and review recent research on ecosystem services production. We also examine two illustrative case studies using this approach: Lavasa Hill in India and Lloyd Crossing in the U.S.A. With increasing conceptualisation and application, we argue that the approach contributes positive impacts to socio-ecosystems and enables scale jumping of regenerative practices at the urban scale. However, ecosystem-level biomimicry practices in urban design to create regenerative impact still lack crucial integrated knowledge on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services productions, making it less effective than potentially it could be. We identify crucial gaps in knowledge where further research is needed and pose further relevant research questions to make ecosystem-level biomimicry approaches aiming for regenerative impact more effective.
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Aliyu, M. A., A. Y. Maharazu, K. Suleiman, and B. Y. Lawan. "Biophysical Mapping and Land Use Attributes of Kano Ecosystems, North-western Nigeria." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (2022): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.14.
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The study examines the terrestrial ecosystems component in Kano, Nigeria. The study employed direct digitization using latest Google Earth Image (version 10.3) and National Space Research Development Agency (NASRDA) land use map of the state. Simple descriptive statistics was also used to evaluate units of ecosystems indentified. The results revealed 16 ecosystems of land units within Kano terrestrial ecosystems. Mapping of the study area also revealed anthropogenic cultivation ecosystem Major category of 18,542km2 representing 89% while aquatic ecosystem covered a total 506 km2 with altitude elevation of 480above the sea level (a.s.l.). Shelterbelts and wind breaks were 458 - 498 a.s.l. with >100 approximate number of patches. Results were discussed and concluded as Kano ecosystem land use attributes revealed an interdependence of units with major terrestrial and minor aquatic ecosystems with the serious anthropogenic interferences which result in systemic loss of valuable units of ecosystems, ecosystem services and biodiversity components. Therefore, government should embark on mass awareness campaign on proper land use and sustainable environmental policies framework in the state should be enacted.
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Roundy, Philip T. "Rust belt or revitalization: competing narratives in entrepreneurial ecosystems." Management Research Review 42, no. 1 (2019): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-01-2018-0019.
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PurposeEntrepreneurial ecosystems, the inter-connected set of organizing forces that produce and sustain regional entrepreneurial activity, are receiving heightened attention. This research finds that narratives about ecosystem participants discursively construct entrepreneurial ecosystems. However, the studies do not emphasize ecosystem and region-level narratives, focus on ecosystems in which narratives are uncontested and, thus, do not examine how ecosystem narratives compete with other regional narratives. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theory that explains how narratives and entrepreneurial ecosystems emerge and change in response to existing regional narratives.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal process model is proposed to explain how entrepreneurial ecosystem narratives emerge and compete with other regional narratives. To illustrate the phases of the model, archival data were collected from three entrepreneurial ecosystems where new narratives have had to overcome entrenched economic and cultural narratives.FindingsIt is theorized that entrepreneurial ecosystems emerge, in part, through discourse. For an entrepreneurial ecosystem to develop, a narrative must take hold that allows participants to make sense of the new entrepreneurial activities and the changes to the region. A four-phase process model is presented to explain how entrepreneurial ecosystem narratives compete with other regional narratives and, particularly, negative economic narratives.Originality/valueThe theory developed in this paper contributes to the research on entrepreneurial ecosystems and organizational narratives and generates practical implications for policymakers and entrepreneurs seeking to promote entrepreneurship as a tool for economic development.
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Sato, Daisuke, and Masaru Ishioka. "A Study on Strategic Application of Business Ecosystem to Practical Management System." GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review 7, no. 4 (2023): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2023.7.4(2).
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Objective – Recently, the market environment has been rapidly changing, and it is difficult for companies to deal with these changes independently. As a countermeasure to these changes, it is considered effective for companies to build ecosystems as solidarity for sharing knowledge or technology with various organizations outside their companies. Methodology – However, the concept of ecosystems in business is vague and complicated. This makes it difficult for companies to apply ecosystem theory to management strategies. To solve these problems, it is necessary to make the theory of ecosystems available to companies to apply their management strategies. Findings – For that reason, based on previous studies, this study categorizes multiple concepts of ecosystems that have developed in an ambiguous state based on the theoretical background, definitions, and characteristics. Also, this study analyzes the types of multiple complementarities, which is a fundamental element of many ecosystem concepts, and organized the ecosystem concepts. Based on this, we present the "Ecosystem construction framework" and the "Process for conception management Strategies utilizing ecosystems" as models for incorporating ecosystem theory into management strategies. Novelty – A deeper understanding of ecosystems through this research is expected to stimulate the sharing of management resources among various organizations by utilizing ecosystems. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: L26, L29. Keywords: Business ecosystem, Innovation management, Resources Management, Affiliation approach, Structural Approach. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Sato, D; Ishioka, M. (2023). A Study on Strategic Application of Business Ecosystem to Practical Management System, J. Bus. Econ. Review, 7(4), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2023.7.4(2)
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Florenta, Veronica, Corina Certan, Nadejda Grabco, and Constantin Bulimaga. "Relationships between ecosystem services provided by forest ecosystems and human well-being." Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Științe ale Naturii, no. 1(171) (June 2024): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum1(171)2024_12.
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Current climate change trends significantly influenceing the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems, including forest ecosystems, which directly or indirectly affects human well-being. The present study consists in reviewing the specialized literature on the effects of the relationships between ecosystem services provided by forest ecosystems and human well-being, describing the following aspects: the definition of the concept of ecosystem services, their history, categories of ecosystem services and the relationship between them and human well-being. The concept of ecosystem services has become an important model of the link between forest ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Understanding this linkage is essential for a wide range of decision-making contexts for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. We conclude that humanity’s dependence on nature for well-being and survival is complex.