Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ecotourism – Community participation – Zambia

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ecotourism – Community participation – Zambia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ecotourism – Community participation – Zambia"

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Gumede, Thembinkosi, and Antonia Nzama. "Enhancing Community Participation in Ecotourism through a Local Community Participation Improvement Model." December 2020, no. 9(5) (December 31, 2020): 1252–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-81.

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This study aimed to explore the model that can be used to improve local community participation in ecotourism development processes. The study was conducted at the communities adjoining the Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A mixed methods design was adopted by the study during collection and analysis of data. A total of 384 respondents were sampled through convenience sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data through face-to-face surveys. The study found that local communities had not been actively participating in ecotourism development processes, especially those undertaken within the rural setting as a result of different socio-economic factors including lacking necessary skills. This study asserts that this gap could be mitigated through implementation of local community participation improvement model (LCPIM) based on its potential for influencing enactment and/or amendment of policies on ecotourism development
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Sooraj Menon, K. "Community Participation in Ecotourism Management with Special Reference to Athirappilly and Vazhachal." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, S1 (February 5, 2019): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.s1.2777.

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The objectives of Ecotourism can be achieved if there is a well planned mechanism to manage destinations. Among the stakeholders of ecotourism projects, the host community of is the most important one. It is through them the ideology of ecotourism can be popularised. This paper investigates the factors that influence host community participation in ecotourism management of Athirappilly and Vazhachal – two popular ecotourism destinations of Kerala. The involvement of the host community in management of ecotourism destinations will help them to empower themselves while ensuring management of natural resources in an efficient manner. This destination centric study, unlike the other macro level studies, attempts to understand the factors influencing community participation in ecotourism management at Athirappilly and Vazhachal. It was found that Environmental Knowledge for Sustainable Development and Perceived Economic Impact of Community Based Ecotourism Management has more influence on Participation in Community Based Ecotourism Management.
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Chengcai, Tang, Zhong Linsheng, and Cheng Shengkui. "Tibetan Attitudes Towards Community Participation and Ecotourism." Journal of Resources and Ecology 3, no. 1 (March 2012): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2012.01.002.

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Bansal, S. P., and Jaswinder Kumar. "Ecotourism for Community Development." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2011040103.

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Ecotourism is sustainable tourism, which is based on the ecological principle and sustainable development theory. There is emergent need of capacity building for local people for ecotourism in the villages of Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP). Ecotourism involves local community for the conservation of the area’s ecology and biodiversity, in return, provides economic incentives to the community. This paper studies the ecotourism perspective from the point of view of major stakeholders of ecotourism, i.e., local communities, tourists, ecotourism operators, and government officials in Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP) of Kullu district in Himachal Pradesh. This study determines the various issues related to ecotourism and these stakeholders’ opinions about these issues. A lack of knowledge and awareness exists in the local community about ecotourism and its benefits, while the other stakeholders have strong opinions for various ecotourism statements. An ANOVA test is conducted followed by a Scheffe test to the different groups of stakeholders. The paper gives some suggestions to increase ecotourism awareness, capacity building for ecotourism for the local community, and community participation for the development of ecotourism in GHNP.
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Kim, Marin, Yi Xie, and Giuseppe T. Cirella. "Sustainable Transformative Economy: Community-Based Ecotourism." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 4977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184977.

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Ecotourism has a high potential impact on remote communities, by improving economic opportunity and natural resources conservation, and is increasingly accepted as an alternative livelihood for rural people. This study examines ecotourism development from the perspective of participation and economic impact for the Bousra people in Cambodia. A total of 237 households were selected as the sample size. Data collection was carried out with face-to-face interviews and analyzed using logistic regression and ordinary least square methods. Results revealed that local households depend mostly on agriculture (i.e., crop plantation and farming) and utilize ecotourism as a secondary source of income. Most households acknowledged ecotourism had a positive impact on environmental, social, and economic perspectives, while some signaled negative backlash due to depleted natural resources and impact on local culture. Household participation in ecotourism was not significantly affected from assistance issued by government or non-governmental organizations. However, causal relationships were found based on household demographic factors, attitude to environmental conservation, and village life. It was shown that the percentage of people involvement in ecotourism is high, but their income percentage is low due to education, skill, and capacity to expand. As a low-impact alternative to standard commercial tourism, community-based ecotourism has potential in becoming a transformative form of economics for local communities.
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Khairunnisa, Amalia, Lalu Wirasapta Karyadi, and Rosiady Husaenie Sayuti. "TINGKAT PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA KERUJUK BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI DESA MENGGALA KECAMATAN PEMENANG KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA." JURNAL AGRIMANSION 22, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/agrimansion.v22i2.510.

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This study aims to: (1) analyze the level of community participation in the development of ecotourism referrals; (2) analyze what factors are related to the level of community participation in the development of referred ecotourism; (3) analyze what strategies can be applied to increase community participation in the development of ecotourism referrals. The research method used in this research is descriptive method. The research was conducted in Kerujuk Hamlet, Mengala Village which was selected by purposive sampling with the consideration that the hamlet has an ecotourism program that involves the community. The determination of the number of respondents was determined by proportionate stratified random sampling using the Slovin formula and the number of respondents was determined to be 43 respondents. The collected data was then analyzed using a scoring system, Spearman rank correlation test analysis and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the level of community participation was included in the low category because community involvement was still lacking in all stages of activities carried out in an effort to develop ecotourism referrals. Factors related to the level of community participation are non-formal education (skills), income, length of stay and age. The strategy that can be applied in an effort to increase community participation is the WO strategy or weakness-opportunity, where cooperative efforts with the government or educational institutions are carried out to improve the quality of human resources to be more independent in managing creative and innovative referral ecotourism.
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Parmawati, Rita, Agung S. Kurnianto, Afrilyani Kontrayana, Azzah F. Cholis, Herman Hidayat, and Wilda Al Aluf. "ANALYSIS OF ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF SEMBILANGAN BEACH: CHARACTERS, FACTORS, AND CHALLENGES." International Journal of Applied Sciences in Tourism and Events 2, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/ijaste.v2i1.903.

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Sembilangan beach in Bangkalan, East Java Province, Indonesia, is one of the potential and growing areas for ecotourism. This beach has several aspects of ecotourism development that has not been professionally managed to achieve ecotourism goals. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors supporting the process of ecotourism development in Sembilangan beach, both in terms of visitors and the community. This knowledge is useful to support the strategic steps to accelerate its development. This research was conducted at Sembilangan beach, Bangkalan, East Java Province. Topics or the independent variables are explored related to the perception of tourists, culture, environmental conditions, community participation, economic conditions, and institutions. Data of the respondents are grouped according to their status: visitors and community. Simultaneous and Partial Test is used to understand the correlation. Environmental, economic and institutional factors have a simultaneous influence on community participation in the development of ecotourism. Environmental conditions partially have the greatest influence on community participation in the development of ecotourism Sembilangan beach
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Vianti, Rizka, Abdullah Abdullah, and Muhammad Rusdi. "Daya Dukung Masyarakat Terhadap Pengembangan Ekowisata Kawasan Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan Kabupaten Aceh Besar." BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 6, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v6i2.5613.

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Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan in Aceh Besar is a nature conservation area that has various tourist attractions to be developed for ecotourism. This requires community support which is an important factor in ecotourism development. The purpose of this study was to find out the community's carrying capacity in the development of Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan ecotourism through 3 parameters, which are acceptance for visitors, participation in ecotourism development and participation in conservation. The study used descriptive method, while data was collected from questionnaires to villagers around the Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan, which are the Suka Damai Village, the Suka Mulia Village, and the Aceh Saree Village. The results showed that the community's carrying capacity for ecotourism development in the Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan in the SukaDamai Village was classified as supportive (70%) while the other two villages, the SukaMulia Village and the Aceh Saree Village were classified as very supportive (76.6%). It can be concluded that the community's carrying capacity in the development of the Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan as ecotourism area is very supportive, in terms of visitors' acceptance, community participation in ecotourism development, and community participation in conservation effort.
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Swain, Sampad Kumar, Bivraj Bhusan Parida, and S. C. Bagri. "Community Participation and Visitor Satisfaction for Ecotourism Development in Similipal National Park, Orissa." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 3, no. 1 (January 20, 2008): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.3.1.

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Community and tourists are two inseparable stakeholders that are complementary to each other in many respects in the development of ecotourism destinations. The assessment of perceptions of community and tourists on ecotourism development in the protected areas is a baseline on which ecotourism potential of the park is completely dependent. It is proved in many cases that there is a better understanding between community and tourists in the conservation of protected areas through the development of ecotourism. This paper explores how theecotourism project has brought about considerable changes in the perceptions of community and tourists. The data collected from the residents of buffer area of the park show a positive response towards the promotion of eco friendly tourism in Similpal National Park. Similarly, the results of the analysis of the perceptions of tourists demonstrate a huge responsibility to the conservation of flora and fauna and sustainability of the ecotourism attractions. The outcomes of the research will have immense impact on the park authority to involve the community in all decision making process of ecotourism project in the future. The findings of the paper have practical relevance for park authority and tour operators that are trying to develop low impact tourism or responsible tourism. This research will lay foundation for future research work on the ecotourism in the protected areas.
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Sosa, María Cristina, and Ludger Brenner. "Factors of community participation that explain the benefits of ecotourism." PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 19, no. 3 (2021): 453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2021.19.030.

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The sustainability of ecotourism initiatives represents a major challenge. The aim of this study is to enhance our understanding of how community participation in ecotourism management can contribute toward achieving more sustainable results by identifying key factors that make it possible to potentiate a broader range of economic, social and environmental objectives. Based on the theory of collaborative planning and the strategic focus of community tourism, our work adopted a mixed approach to compare and explain the differences between two local cooperatives on the coast of the state of Nayarit, Mexico. The results reveal statistically‑significant differences between the benefits obtained through ecotourism and identify the factors that foment active community participation by local residents that, in turn, generates positive correlations with those benefits. Findings were supported by qualitative interviews with external informants. Our conclusion is that the level of benefits obtained can be reasonably explained by a set of six key factors
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecotourism – Community participation – Zambia"

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Leksakundilok, Anucha. "Community Participation in Ecotourism Development in Thailand." University of Sydney. Geosciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/668.

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Ecotourism emerged as an alternative form of tourism in the 1990s to mitigate the faults of conventional (mass) tourism in meeting the needs of sustainable development. It has since become widespread in Thailand and is adopted not only in natural areas but also in rural communities. Key elements of ecotourism include a focus on ecological resources, sustainable management, environmental education, and community participation. Community participation receives a high degree of consideration among developers in Thailand. Ecotourism (ET) is seen to support this concept and is increasingly geared in the direction of social development. These trends form the backdrop to this study on community participation in ecotourism development. The study applies a triangulation methodology to collect data by combining both qualitative and quantitative methods, combining theory and empirical study to analyse the context of how local people have participated in ecotourism development. The study pays particular attention to the practices and opinions of local people in recognition of communities' rights and responsibilities in controlling their own development. The empirical study was carried out at two levels, including a general survey by postal questionnaire (thirty-one respondents) and in-depth study in four areas (Umphang, Khiriwong, Sasom and Tha Madua). The research merges theory and practice into an analysis and empirical presentation throughout the study. Theoretically, the thesis is informed by political economy and political ecology approaches, together with the concept of participation in community development and tourism development models. The research found that many communities achieve a degree of self-management in offering tourism services such as homestays, guided tours, cultural performances and cultural products. Community ecotourism organisations have been established in most communities in order to serve these new activities and to create a collective management process. Similarities in pattern and differentiation in practices among many communities were supported by different outside initiatives, developed according to similar aims and involving similar processes, but there is no uniformity or single model that is effectively applied to all communities. One significant barrier for local communities to take a major role in ecotourism is the access to ecotourism resources, which are mostly located in protected areas and are controlled by state agencies. This has led them to promote primarily their own cultural resources. Consequently, these practical changes have led to a transformation of the dominant development concept from Ecotourism (ET) to Community-based Ecotourism (CBET). Results also show that most practices involve a level of cooperation in decision-making and action with other stakeholders who are in a better position to run tourism businesses. It is difficult for local communities to be empowered to control the whole situation, which is sometimes claimed to be the ultimate goal level of local participation. The demands of marketing and conflict in management among local people, together with the limitations in accessing natural resources, are the weakest points of and constraints on the communities. To deal with these limitations, communities try to create relationships with outsiders. To develop better management of community tourism, many communities rely on help and support from outside, especially from government agencies. This, however, impels the community to become dependent on outsiders. It is also hard for communities to generate a high level of income offering basic services, since there are many levels of demand from different types of ecotourists. In summary, the main contributions of this study are: an understanding of community tourism in Thailand; the experiences of ecotourism development in the community from the leading case studies; directions, roles and responsibilities of actors and community organisations in particular; a range of options for community action in support of a more participatory process in ecotourism development. Last but not least is a set of recommendations for community-based ecotourism development from the level of policy application to practical improvement at the community level.
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Obua, Joseph. "Conservation and ecotourism in Kibale National Park, Uganda." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conservation-and-ecotourism-in-kibale-national-park-uganda(ce67e440-b48d-455e-a20b-0d7ccb8cb084).html.

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The aim of this study was to assess the potential of ecotourism in Kibale National Park, the environmental impact of visitor activities, the characteristics of visitors and visits, the perception and attitudes of local communities towards conservation and development of ecotourism, and the status of environmental interpretation in Uganda. The environmental evaluation was attempted using a combination of methods developed in the USA. Selfcompletion questionnaires were used to obtain information on visitors and the characteristics of visits, and direct household interviews were used for the survey of local communities' perception and attitudes. Information on the status of environmental interpretation was sought using the postal-survey method. It was found that Kibale National Park has the potential for development of ecotourism. The number of visitors has been rising annually since ecotourism was introduced in 1992 and was estimated to reach 5 000 in 1995. As a result of the continuing increase in visitor numbers, the camping sites and the nature trails are already being degraded. More than 90 per cent of the visitors come from overseas and only a small proportion are Ugandans. The visitors come on pre-planned tour packages mainly to view the chimpanzees. The common feeling among the visitors is that the facilities and services currently offered in Kibale are of low standard. Several proposals have been put forward for improvement of services and provision of additional facilities. The need to control visitor numbers and to maintain a sound environment in the Park has been discussed and immediate management measures required to reduce further deterioration of the camping sites and the nature trails have been recommended. The study has also revealed that local communities in Kibale still obtain most of their forest products from the Park. Although the majority (about 80%) support conservation and development of ecotourism, they have a poor perception of the Park's existence and value. Eviction of some families from the Park a few years ago and the gradual loss of traditional rights of access and use of resources following the establishment of Kibale as a National Park, has resulted in negative attitudes among some sections of the local communities. It is recommended that local communities should be educated about the value of the Park and the importance of conserving its resources. Moreover, there is a need to involve them directly in all the stages of future planning and management of conservation programmes and ecotourism development in Uganda's protected areas. It has also become clear that the concept of environmental interpretation is little understood in Uganda and the practice is generally poor. It was found that Kibale and other national parks lack facilities for proper interpretation. The Park ranger-guides are often employed and assigned to interpretive work without prior training on interpretation. It is recommended that all national parks and other protected areas where ecotourism is being promoted alongside conservation should set up proper environmental interpretation systems. In addition, there is a need for establishing a national programme of environmental interpretation to facilitate environmental education and development of ecotourism in Uganda.
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Himoonde, Twaambo. "Opportunities and Constraints of Local Participation in Ecotourism : A Case Study of Kasanka National Park (KNP), Zambia." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1541.

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Ecotourism may be regarded as a protected area management tool that aims to reconcile both conservation and development goals. Local participation is considered one of the main features of sustainable ecotourism development. This study was aimed at investigating how ecotourism provides a sustainable option for the local community in terms of local economic development opportunities. The study also sought to examine what local benefits accrue to the community and the level at which they participate in ecotourism. The study further identified alternative coping strategies that locals are engaged as a means of survival. Investigating the opportunities for and constraints on local participation, and how to draw benefits from biodiversity conservation in protected areas have been a primary concern of this study. This study also sought to examine the extent of stakeholder collaboration in the planning and management of ecotourism.

The study adopted a political ecology approach to understand the underlying power relations and resource-related conflicts that exist among local actors involved in biodiversity conservation. The study also applied participatory and community-conservation approaches to provide further understanding based on the shift in developmental thinking regarding protected area management from fortress conservation approaches to conservation and development approaches. This has entailed a shift from top-down planning to bottom-up planning for development. The current approaches to conservation place their focus on locals as instruments for sustainable conservation and use of resources such as wildlife. Local participation provides a means whereby local development can occur with community involvement in the conservation of natural resources. Its absence has meant that the wellbeing of the locals is therefore not supported. The lack of adequate local participation has continued to contribute to tensions and conflict among local actors in protected area management where biodiversity conservation is of concern. The study adopted a qualitative approach. The methods used included interviews, focus group discussion, direct observations and text analysis of documents.

This study identified several constraints that have limited active local participation in ecotourism such as local actor conflicts, capacity-building needs, inequitable access to benefits and use of resources, lack of land rights and others. The argument of this thesis is that while locals are encouraged to participate the means whereby this participation should occur should be well developed if the two-fold goals of conservation and development in ecotourism are to be achieved. The thesis argues for the need to increase opportunities for active local participation in protected area management. An increase in incentives, rights and local power to own, use, and control resources was identified as essential for the Kafinda community in order to participate actively in ecotourism. The Kafinda community may then also have an opportunity to realize the developmental potential that lies in the conservation of natural resources such as wildlife in the Kasanka National Park.

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Tembo, Attracta C. "Exploring community participation in a diarrhoea prevention program in Kanyama, Lusaka, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5117_1257946425.

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The program that was studied is part of the Child Health Program devised and supported by CARE International and implemented in Kanyama, a high density and low cost community found on the outskirts of Lusaka, Zambia. Diarrhoea was identified as one of the three most common diseases affecting the children under the age of five years. Through community participation, the program was implemented by the Kanyama residents to reduce the cases of diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia among children aged five years and under. The main aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of the impact of community participation by the community leaders and community members in the diarrhoea prevention program and to establish constraints affecting participation.

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Mametja, Mamolotje Charles Eric. "Local community participation in tourism in the case of Manyeleti Game reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07302008-090251/.

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Kalemba, Brenda. "Community Participation in Education Delivery: A Study of How Community Schools Target OVCs in Chipulukusu, Zambia." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22933.

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In recent years, the importance of education as a catalyst for personal, social and economic development has gained much recognition. This is evident from global commitments towards UPE at the world education declaration on EFA in 1991 as well as being the second MDG to be attained world over by 2015. In most developing countries, such recognition has increased the demand for education particularly primary schooling. However, high poverty levels and the impact of HIV/AIDS pandemic still deny many children access to primary education. In order to cater for those who are excluded, there has been an increased advocacy for community participation in education delivery. This has also helped to spread education costs among the stakeholders. However, most urban slum areas in Zambia still face inadequate education facilities. This has resulted into the growing number of community schools which target OVCs. The OVCs are mostly excluded from state schooling due to inability of their parents or guardians to meet some ‘hidden’ financial costs in government basic schools. The main objective was to find out how community schools targeted OVCs and provided them with primary education. By using a qualitative approach to research enquiry, three community schools in Chipulukusu compound are examined for this purpose. The study’s results show that through a participatory approach to education delivery, community schools delivered education to the OVCs despite their many challenges such as having fewer and untrained teachers, inadequate financial resources, limited teaching and learning materials. This study also notes that community schools’ interventions were perceived differently by various stakeholders indicating a diversity of interests among different stakeholders. None the less, the results actually showed that community schools had increased access to primary education and put the country on a right track towards achieving MDG 2. Hence community schools present a model worth emulating.
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Segar, Cathy. "Local participation in community-based ecotourism development : a case study of Shewula, north-eastern Swaziland." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17616.

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Bibliography: pages 27-33.
Ecotourism is often endorsed as an ideal tool sustainable development that can successfully link the dual goals of nature conservation and rural development. However, critics have highlighted that the negative impacts ecotourism on local communities can undermine the value community development. The participation of local communities in planning for, and implementing, ecotourism development has, therefore, been recommended. This paper addresses some of the problems facing a local community that has the opportunity to develop its own ecotourism venture. It focuses on the difficulties that have been encountered in securing the necessary local participation in planning for a proposed tourism development. These problems include a lack of local awareness about the proposed development, lack of support for the development and lack of capacity to plan a marketable, environmentally sustainable tourism product. Some of the actions for eliciting greater local participation and equipping local to plan for and accommodate tourism are presented. The application of these to the case study reveals a need for sensitivity to local conditions on the part of external agents of change.
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Okitsu, Taeko. "Policy and practice of community participation in the governance of basic education in rural Zambia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7657/.

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Since the 1990s, the Government of Zambia has pursued the decentralisation of basic education with strong emphasis on active community participation in local education governance, the aim being to increase the accountability of local education institutions to the community. The accompanying liberalisation of the basic education sector is expected to enhance the role of parents as customers with a freedom of choice in the education market; thus, leading to the greater accountability of schools through the market mechanism. This thesis investigates the extent to which these commitments are being practically realised in rural Zambia, which is a largely under-researched area. Specifically, it explores parental and community participation both in government basic schools and community schools, as well as at the district education authority level through the establishment of the District Education Board (DEB). The thesis undertakes a sociological investigation in order to understand the processes involved in parental and community participation from the viewpoints and experiences of the various local actors. Accordingly, it has employed an interpretive paradigm, utilising interviews, observations and document analysis as sources for the study. The findings of the thesis reveal a considerable gap between policy expectations and the realities at school and district levels, demonstrating that some of the underlying policy assumptions have not been met in practice. The thesis found that parents and communities in the rural setting frequently lack ability, agency and the spirit of voluntarism, factors that conspire to form a barrier to effective participation in local education affairs. These obstacles resulted in part from low cultural and economic capital, and the perception that local education matters constituted the domain of trained professionals. Furthermore, the low quality of education on offer and lack of transparency in the management of school resources also meant that parents judged the cost of participation to exceed the benefits. Thus, the policy assumption of the homogeneous, equal, willing and capable community playing a new participatory role cannot necessarily be taken for granted. Moreover, embedded micro-power relations between education professionals and laypeople, as well as amongst the latter, often influence the way different actors deliberate and negotiate in newly created participatory spaces. As a result, the voices and protests of the socially and economically disadvantaged are often poorly articulated, go unheard and lack influence. Laypeople are expected to play a larger managerial role in community schools, which should increase parental power to hold teachers accountable. In reality however, their ability to realise this was seriously constrained. In a context of chronic poverty, the community was unable to remunerate teachers sufficiently, and subsequently powerless to discipline or dismiss those frequently absent from school, given that it was virtually impossible to find other teachers willing to work for little or no remuneration. In terms of choice, parents were also compromised as customer stakeholders in both government and community schools. Many did not have the socio-economic or geographical wherewithal to exercise freedom of choice, which in any case was not adequately accompanied by either incentives or the threat of sanctions that might encourage teachers to perform better. The thesis further shows that teachers and district officials not only lack the willingness to embrace laypeople in their new governance roles but also lack the capacity and autonomy to respond to the demands of parents and communities even when they would like to; the centre still holds controls over many areas while resources allocated to the local level are grossly inadequate. Therefore, the thesis shows that the extent to which the policy of community participation in local education governance and school choice increases the accountability of local education institutions is open to question. Rather, it suggests that both micro and macro contexts play a vital role in shaping the way in which parents and communities participate in local education governance, in what form, and the consequent influence this has on accountability to the community. Thus, with the use of such a sociological framework, the thesis demonstrates the significance of context, power relations, and the differing social, cultural and economic capital that shape the way different actors participate or do not participate; a consideration that tends to be overlooked in the dominant discourse of decentralisation and community participation on the international education development agenda.
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Theron, Izak Petrus. "Integrating conservation and development : community participation in ecotourism projects : an investigation into community participation in ecotourism development projects in order to ensure the integration of protected area conservation and rural development, with particular reference to a case study at Cathedral Peak in the Natal Drakensberg Park." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18595.

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This study arises out of a proposal of the Natal Parks Board (NPB) to develop a 200 bed hutted camp at Cathedral Peak in the Natal Drakensberg. In line with the NPB's stated commitment to the principles of Integrated Environmental Management (IEM), a multidisciplinary group, comprising five students from the Masters programme of the Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences of the University of Cape Town, was commissioned to conduct a Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (PEIA) on the proposed development. The author was one of the members of this study team, hereafter referred to as the Masters Group, which conducted the PEIA at Cathedral Peak under the supervision of the Environmental Evaluation Unit of the University of Cape Town.
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10

Hussin, Rosazman. "Ecotourism development and local community participation : case studies of Batu Puteh and Sukau village in Lower Kinabatangan area of Sabah, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2026/.

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The issues of ecotourism development in Malaysia, which could benefit the local communities in remote areas, were rarely mentioned in the federal government’s tourism policies. The issues that were mentioned are often limited to factors such as supplementing income in (eco)tourism activities which was regarded as a priority, but never beyond that. This was the dilemma in the early phase of the implementation in the 1990s of sustainable (eco)tourism development in Malaysia, particularly in the state of Sabah. This is a qualitative research approach or specifically case study approach based on the critical theory paradigm or perspectives. Two villages were observed in this research: namely Batu Puteh village and Sukau village. These villages are located in the floodplain of Lower Kinabatangan River. This area is an extremely important site for ecotourism in Sabah and/or Malaysia: especially through ecotourists activities such as river boating, jungle trekking and wildlife viewing. The local people generally known as “orang sungai” (the river people) have recently participated in many aspects of ecotourism activities such as tourist guides, conservation volunteers, tourist lodges workers, homestay providers etc. Thus the main issues for these villages are: to what extent does ecotourism development in Batu Puteh and/or Sukau village have positive and negative impacts on the socio-cultural life of the local community? How and why are the local communities involved directly or indirectly in ecotourism development? To what extent has ecotourism development increased the level of participation, and improved the standard of living of the local community? To what extent can ecotourism be considered a potential instrument for rural economic development and/or environmental conservation to achieve sustainable development in the destination areas? These issues will be explored thoroughly in this research.
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Books on the topic "Ecotourism – Community participation – Zambia"

1

Davidson, Forbes. Community participation in Zambia: The Danida/UNCHS Training Programme. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1992.

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Godde, Pamela M. Community-based mountain tourism: Practices for linking conservation with enterprise : synthesis of an electronic conference of the Mountain Forum, April 13-May 18, 1998. Edited by Mountain Forum Global Information Server Node. Franklin, WV: Mountain Forum Global Information Server Node, Mountain Institute, 1999.

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L'écotourisme visité par les acteurs territoriaux: Entre conservation, participation et marché. Québec, Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2010.

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Davidson, Forbes. Monitoring and evaluation: From project to programme : the Community Participation Training Programme in Zambia. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1994.

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Wood, Megan Epler. Meeting the global challenge of community participation in ecotourism: Case studies and lessons from Ecuador. Arlington,Va: Nature Conservancy, Latin America and Caribbean Division, 1998.

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Mwanza, Patrick David. Health on sustainable development: Case studies of community micro-health enterprises initiatives in Zambia. Lusaka]: Republic of Zambia, Ministry of Health, Central Board of Health, 2002.

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Todd, Dave. Evaluation of DANIDA/UNCHS training programme for community participation in improving human settlements in Zambia: First training cycle. Lusaka, Zambia: Institute for African Studies, University of Zambia, 1985.

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Regional Workshop on Pilot Projects for Effective Civic Participation in Municipal Governance (2nd 2000 Kabwe, Zambia). Programme on community empowerment and social inclusion through strengthening civic participation in municipal governance: Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Pilot Projects for Effective Civil Participation in Municipal Governance : 8-10 November 2000, Tusker Hotel, Kabwe, Zambia. Harare, Zimbabwe: Municipal Development Programme for Eastern and Southern Africa, 2001.

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George, Gapu, and Makonese Makanatsa, eds. The legal and policy framework for community participation in transboundary natural resources management (TBNRM) initiatives: A case for the participation of Zimbabwean communities in the Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Zambia (ZIMOZA) TBNRM initiative. Harare: Zimbabwe Environmaental Law Association, 2009.

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Mwale, Stephen. Community participation in the Breastfeeding Programme: The case of the Mother Support Groups (MSGs) in Kaunda Square Stage II and the Natural Resources Development College (NRDC) in Lusaka, Zambia. [Lusaka: s.n., 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ecotourism – Community participation – Zambia"

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Hoctor, Zena. "10. Community Participation in Marine Ecotourism Development in West Clare, Ireland." In Marine Ecotourism, edited by Brian Garrod and Julie Wilson, 171–76. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781873150436-014.

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de Janvry, Alain, Hideyuki Nakagawa, and Elisabeth Sadoul. "Poverty, Politics and Projects under Community Participation in Zambia." In Community, Market and State in Development, 148–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230295018_10.

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Wang, Hongshu, and Min Tong. "Community Participation in Environmental Management of Ecotourism." In Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism, 38–44. Apple Academic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12233-5.

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Sebola, M. P., and L. de W. Fourie. "Community participation in ecotourism destinations: Maleboho Nature Reserve." In Tourism and Natural Protected Areas, 91–101. WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-810-7/009.

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Islam, Md Shafiqul. "Community Development Through Promoting Ecotourism in Mangrove Areas of Bangladesh." In Conservation and Promotion of Heritage Tourism, 155–79. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6283-2.ch007.

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Ecotourism is the useful method of community engagement. All factors related to ecotourism support community livelihoods towards sustainability. The study was conducted with the view to know the possibility of community development through ecotourism in the mangrove areas of Bangladesh. The community participation in ecotourism was assessed significantly with the perception and common interest on natural heritage and environmental conservation and sustainability of the enterprise. The community can contribute and engage themselves by preparing and supplying local foods including organic production and wild foods (aquatic) that enhance the degree of ecotourism through community development. It was elicited that women can work in the prospective enterprise by adding new dimension of handicrafts business using local inputs and forest-based available raw materials. The host communities are the central notion of ecotourism for sustainable development in the study area.
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Ramchurjee, Nichola A., and Charles V. Ramchurjee. "An Evaluation of the Attitudes and Perception of the Local Communities in Mysore Towards the Impacts of Tourism Development." In Destination Management and Marketing, 1033–52. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2469-5.ch057.

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This article describes how the attitudes and perception of residents can directly affect ecotourism development by changing the ability to generate income, employment and by improving the quality of life. This article identifies and assesses the impacts of ecotourism in the communities in Mysore, India. Ecotourism impact was measured by a 26 item scale measuring local residents' perceptions and attitudes. Data was collected using the questionnaire method with 221 randomly distributed questionnaires collected. This article reveals there was significant support to further tourism development since the residents perceived that there was increased investment in infrastructures and a higher quality of life, increased employment opportunities – especially for a population with deep roots in agriculture. Now, there was an increased chance for residents to explore other jobs in the tourism industry and improved pride in their cultures and traditions in the community. Furthermore, to ensure the success of tourism development, an increased amount of involvement and participation from local residents is pertinent.
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"Visitor Management and Community Participation in an Ecotourism Destination: The Case of Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India." In Evolving Paradigms in Tourism and Hospitality in Developing Countries, 91–104. Oakville, ON ; Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2018. |: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22319-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ecotourism – Community participation – Zambia"

1

Sebola, M. P., and L. de W. Fourie. "Community participation in ecotourism destinations: Maleboho Nature Reserve." In SUSTAINABLE TOURISM 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/st060181.

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Reports on the topic "Ecotourism – Community participation – Zambia"

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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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