Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ecotourism - South Africa - Kruger National Park

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ecotourism - South Africa - Kruger National Park'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ecotourism - South Africa - Kruger National Park"

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Kruger, Martinette, Peet van der Merwe, Melville Saayman, and Elmarie Slabbert. "Understanding accommodation preferences of visitors to the Kruger National Park." Tourism and Hospitality Research 19, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358417715678.

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Accommodation plays such an important role in the tourist’s experience that one would imagine that many studies concerning this topic have been conducted. However, surprisingly, very few studies have focused on this subject despite the growth in both demand and supply. This gap or lack of research led to the present exploratory study that addressed the question: ‘What are visitors’ accommodation preferences when they select accommodation in the Kruger National Park?’ Based on a visitor survey in the Northern region of the Park during December 2015 where 294 fully completed questionnaires were administered, respondents were segmented based on their accommodation preferences (self-service, serviced and safari). Three distinct segments were identified, Self-service seekers, Servicescape seekers and Self-safari seekers. These segments differ regarding their socio-demographic characteristics and especially regarding the factors they regard as important when selecting accommodation and campsites. This was the first time that the accommodation preferences of visitors to the flagship national park in South Africa have been analysed. The results demonstrated that while visitors to the Kruger National Park appear homogeneous regarding their demographic profile, they differ significantly when it comes to accommodation needs and preferences. The findings from the research are valuable to park management, especially when developing and expanding accommodation options in the park as it shows the preferences of each distinct market. This research furthermore contributes to the current literature regarding ecotourism and ecotourists’ accommodation preferences.
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HOOGEWERF, ANTONIA. "SAFARI THROUGH SOUTH AFRICA - II KRUGER NATIONAL PARK." Science and Culture 86, no. 5-6 (June 7, 2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.36094/sc.v86.2020.safari_south_africa.hoogewerf.175.

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Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo, Wijnand J. Swart, and Pedro W. Crous. "New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa." MycoKeys 34 (June 1, 2018): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974.

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Three new Fusarium species, F.convolutans, F.fredkrugeri, and F.transvaalense (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) are described from soils collected in a catena landscape on a research supersite in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The new taxa, isolated from the rhizosphere of three African herbaceous plants, Kyphocarpaangustifolia, Melhaniaacuminata, and Sidacordifolia, are described and illustrated by means of morphological and multilocus molecular analyses based on sequences from five DNA loci (CAL, EF-1 α, RPB1, RPB2 and TUB). According to phylogenetic inference based on Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian approaches, the newly discovered species are distributed in the Fusariumbuharicum, F.fujikuroi, and F.sambucinum species complexes.
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Durrheim, David N., Leo Braack, Douw Grobler, Helena Bryden, Rick Speare, and Peter A. Leggat. "Safety of Travel in South Africa: The Kruger National Park." Journal of Travel Medicine 8, no. 4 (March 8, 2006): 176–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2001.24239.

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Yessoufou, Kowiyou. "Potential carbon stock in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Botany Letters 164, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2017.1383306.

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Smith, K. L., V. DeVos, H. Bryden, L. B. Price, M. E. Hugh-Jones, and P. Keim. "Bacillus anthracis Diversity in Kruger National Park." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 10 (2000): 3780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.10.3780-3784.2000.

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The Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, has a recorded history of periodic anthrax epidemics causing widespread disease among wild animals. Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a disease primarily affecting ungulate herbivores. Worldwide there is little diversity among B. anthracis isolates, but examination of variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci has identified six major clones, with the most dissimilar types split into the A and B branches. Both the A and B types are found in southern Africa, giving this region the greatest genetic diversity of B. anthracis worldwide. Consequently, southern Africa has been hypothesized to be the geographic origin of B. anthracis. In this study, we identify the genotypic types of 98 KNP B. anthracis isolates using multiple-locus VNTR analysis. Two major types are evident, the A branch and the B branch. The spatial and temporal distribution of the different genotypes indicates that anthrax epidemic foci are independent, though correlated through environmental cues. Kruger B isolates were found on significantly higher-calcium and higher-pH soils than were Kruger type A. This relationship between genotype and soil chemistry may be due to adaptive differences among divergent anthrax strains. While this association may be simply fortuitous, adaptation of A types to diverse environmental conditions is consistent with their greater geographic dispersal and genetic dissimilarity.
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Ivancic, Paul C., and Chun-Yi Sun. "Hippopotamuses at Dawn in Lake Panic, Kruger National Park, South Africa." Spine 34, no. 21 (October 2009): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000361527.68069.94.

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Mphepya, J. N., C. Galy-Lacaux, J. P. Lacaux, G. Held, and J. J. Pienaar. "Precipitation Chemistry and Wet Deposition in Kruger National Park, South Africa." Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 53, no. 2 (February 2006): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10874-005-9005-7.

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Higgitt, Roxanne L., O. Louis van Schalkwyk, Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist, Peter E. Buss, Peter Caldwell, Leana Rossouw, Tebogo Manamela, et al. "Mycobacterium bovis Infection in African Wild Dogs, Kruger National Park, South Africa." Emerging Infectious Diseases 25, no. 7 (July 2019): 1425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2507.181653.

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Murn, Campbell, Leigh Combrink, G. Scott Ronaldson, Charles Thompson, and André Botha. "Population estimates of three vulture species in Kruger National Park, South Africa." Ostrich 84, no. 1 (January 25, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2012.757253.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecotourism - South Africa - Kruger National Park"

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Engelbrecht, Willy Hannes. "Critical success factors for managing the visitor experience at the Kruger National Park / Willy Hannes Engelbrecht." North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6928.

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Nature–based tourism destinations have shown significant growth over the past decade and, with the ever increasing numbers of tourists travelling to national parks, the right management structures, goals and objectives need to be determined. South African National Parks (SANParks) manages all 22 national parks in South Africa with the Kruger National Park (KNP) being the biggest of them all and generating more than 80% of SANParks income. The KNP is one of the world’s largest parks conserving a staggering 1 962 362 ha of land which is bigger than countries such as Israel and Holland. When taking the KNP into perspective, park management must have the right management styles and factors in place to ensure that the park is managed in a sustainable manner and exceeds the expectations of the tourist to provide a memorable experience whilst visiting the KNP. The goal of this study was therefore to determine the critical management aspects or critical success factors (CSFs) needed to create a memorable visitor experience at the park. This goal was achieved by conducting a questionnaire survey at four rest camps within the KNP from 27 December 2010 to 4 January 2011. The rest camps used for the survey were: Skukuza (152 questionnaires), Berg and Dal (98 questionnaires), Lower Sabie (85 questionnaires) and Satara (101 questionnaires). During this time a total of 436 questionnaires were completed and included in further analysis. In Article 1, the key management aspects that visitors regard as important for a memorable visitor experience at the KNP were identified. These CSFs assist management in providing quality services and products for the tourist, leading to a memorable experience. A factor analysis was performed on the expectations of the tourists to national parks. There were nine CSFs identified that management can implement to ensure a memorable visitor experience. The three factors that have not yet been identified in previous research were wildlife experience, interpretation and luxuries. Other factors that have been identified were General management, Variety activities, Accommodation, Green management, Hospitality management, and Facilities. The results showed that park management needs to become aware of what the visitor sees as important factors for a memorable visitor experience and they can adapt certain aspects to improve the visitor’s experience. In Article 2, gaps within the park management were identified. These gaps were measured by taking the 62 variables and asking the tourist what their expectations were with regard to a memorable experience versus their actual/real experience at the park. A factor analysis on the expectations and the actual/real experiences was done and each of these factors was given a score. The scores of each factor were measured against one another indicating the differences and gaps in management. The twelve factors that were identified were General management, Education activities. Accommodation facilities, Green management, Information provided, Layout of the park, Wildlife, Facilities in the park, Food and Beverage management, Interpretive activities, Bookings and General services, and Outdoor activities. These twelve factors have also been grouped into three sub groups containing four factors each and either the expectations were exceeded, did not meet expectations or were neutral. The main gaps were Education, Accommodation facilities, Interpretations facilities and Wildlife. If management want to ensure a memorable visitor experience at the KNP they must not only focus on these gaps, but also strive to exceed visitors’ expectations on all levels. This research found that there are certain CSFs for managing a national park and gaps within park management that need to be addressed. These gaps or problem areas can be overcome by the implementation of a continuous evaluation process that will ensure effective and efficient management of the park. Park management can therefore improve their services and products as well as the quality thereof by knowing what the tourists see as important when visiting a national park to obtain a memorable experience that will lead to positive word of mouth, loyalty, increased revenue and sustainability of the KNP. Even though it is not a requirement of a masters’ dissertation to make a contribution, this research has made a significant contribution towards the methodology as the method applied determined the gaps in visitor experience and expectations and this has not been used before. Future research can make use of this type of method determining individuals’ expectations and experiences when visiting a national park or any other nature–based destination.
Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Steenkamp, Pieter Johannes. "Ecological suitability modelling for anthrax in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23358.

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Bacillus anthracis is the causal agent of anthrax which primarily affects ungulates, occasionally carnivores and less frequently humans. The endospores of this soil-borne bacterium are highly resistant to extreme conditions, and under ideal conditions, anthrax spores can survive for many years in the soil. The bacterium is generally found in soil at sites where infected animals have died. When these spores are exposed, they have the potential to be ingested by a mammalian species which could lead to an anthrax outbreak. Anthrax is almost never transmitted directly from host to host, but is rather ingested by herbivores while drinking, grazing or browsing in a contaminated environment, with the exception of scavengers and carnivores consuming infected prey. Anthrax is known to be endemic in the northern part of Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa (SA), with occasional epidemics spreading southward into the non-endemic areas. The aim of this study is to identify and map areas that are ecologically suitable for the harbouring of B. anthracis spores within the KNP. Anthrax surveillance data and selected environmental variables were used as inputs to the maximum entropy (Maxent) species distribution modelling method. Five-hundred and ninety-seven anthrax occurrence records, dating from the year 1988 to 2011, were extracted from the Skukuza State Veterinary Office’s database. A total of 40 environmental variables were used and their relative contribution to predicting suitability for anthrax occurrence was evaluated using Maxent software (version 3.3.3k). Variables showing the highest gain were then used for subsequent, refined model iterations until the final model parameters were established. The environmental variables that contributed the most to the occurrence of anthrax were soil type, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land type and precipitation. A map was created using a geographic information system (GIS) that illustrates the sites where anthrax spores are most likely to occur throughout the Park. This included the known endemic Pafuri region as well as the low lying soils along the Shingwedzi-Phugwane-Bubube rivers and the Letaba-Olifants river drainage area. The outputs of this study could guide future targeted surveillance efforts to focus on areas predicted to be highly suitable for anthrax, especially since the KNP uses passive surveillance to detect anthrax outbreaks. Knowing where to look can improve sampling efficiency and lead to increased understanding of the ecology of anthrax within the KNP.
Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Production Animal Studies
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Watermeyer, Jessica Patricia. "Anthropogenic threats to resident and dispersing African wild dogs west and south of the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005318.

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African wild dog Lycaon pictus populations are declining and the species is listed as Endangered by the IUCN. The Kruger National Park (KNP) is home to the only viable population of wild dogs in South Africa, but census results reveal consistently low numbers since the late 1990s. Wild dogs display wide-ranging behaviour and it is possible that the species might frequently use unprotected lands adjacent to the KNP. However, very little is known about wild dog movements beyond the boundaries of the KNP, and whether or not adjacent land owners are tolerant of the species. Significantly, threats along the boundaries may have negative consequences for the KNP population. This research investigated the dispersal habits of wild dogs beyond the western and southern boundaries of the KNP, and gathered information on human tolerance, and anthropogenic threats in an area of mixed land use. The land west of the KNP presented the best prospect for wild dog range expansion. The wild dog packs operating outside the KNP had smaller home ranges and less home range overlap than the packs operating within the KNP. In addition, my data suggested that the development of conservancies and the formation of ecotourism-based land use practices would be beneficial for wild dog conservation. Failed wild dog dispersals due to snaring and human persecution could threaten the genetic stability and persistence of the KNP population. Therefore, raising awareness and an understanding of the plight of wild dogs is important for improving land owner perception and tolerance outside of protected areas. The rapidly increasing human population continues to infringe on protected lands and fragment landscapes, thus cooperation from individual land owners is vital for the conservation of free-ranging large carnivores.
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Khosa, Tsakani Elizabeth. "Conflicts in sustainable utilisation and management of resources inside the Kruger National Park." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2626.

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Tanner, Randy. "Legitimacy and the use of natural resources in Kruger National Park, South Africa." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222008-101255/.

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Mostert, Rachel Elizabeth. "Phytosociological study of the Kruger National Park, south of the Sabie River, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23396.

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Mbava, Willard. "Modelling dispersal processes in impala-cheetah-lion ecosystems with infection in the lions." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11782.

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The study involved the predator-prey interaction of three species namely the predator (Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus), the super-predator (Lion Panthera leo), and their common prey (Impala Aepyceros melampus). The study area is the Kruger National Park. The predator being an endangered species, faces a survival problem. It is frequently killed by the super-predator to reduce competition for prey. The super-predator also scares away the predator o_ its kills. The prey forms the main diet of the predator. The plight of the predator motivated the author to formulate disease and reaction-diffusion models for the species interactions. The purpose of the models were to predict and explain the effect of large competition from the super-predator on the predator population. Important parameters related to additional predator mortality due to presence of super-predator, the disease incidence rate and induced death rate formed the focal points of the analysis. The dynamics of a predator-prey model with disease in super-predator were investigated. The super-predator species is infected with bovine Tuberculosis. In the study, the disease is considered as biological control to allow the predator population to regain from low numbers. The results highlight that in the absence of additional mortality on the predator by the super-predator, the predator population survives extinction. Furthermore, at current levels of disease incidence, the super-predator population is wiped out by the disease. However, the super-predator population survives extinction if the disease incidence rate is low. Persistence of all populations is possible in the case of low disease incidence rate and no additional mortality imparted on the predator. Furthermore, a two-species subsystem, prey and predator, is considered as a special case to determine the effect of super-predator removal from the system, on the survival of the predator. This is treated as a contrasting case from the smaller parks. The results show that the predator population thrives well in the total absence of its main competitor, with its population rising to at least twice the initial value. A reaction-diffusion three-species predator-prey model was formulated and analysed. Stability of the temporal and the spatio-temporal systems, existence and non-existence of stationary steady state solutions were studied. Conditions for the emergence of stationary patterns were deduced. The results show that by choosing the diffusion coeffcient d2 > _D 2 suffciently large, a non-constant positive solution is generated, that is, stationary patterns emerge, depicting dispersal of species. Predators were observed to occupy habitats surrounding prey. However, super-predators were observed to alternate their habitats, from staying away from prey to invading prey habitat. In the investigation, strategies to determine ways in which the predator species could be saved from extinction and its population improved were devised, and these included isolation of the predator from the super-predator.
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Zhou, Leocadia. "Tourism policy, biodiversity conservation and management: a case study of the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/174.

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The Kruger National Park (KNP) management has recently made considerable progress in enacting new policies to address biodiversity conservation and management challenges. However, the interlinkages among the new policies to support biodiversity conservation and management have not been evaluated, particularly the principles and approaches, and how these interact in terms of policy decision-making at the economic and political levels. This study seeks to evaluate the interlinkages among the new policies and how they affect one another, as an avenue to promote a more integrated and comprehensive policy implementation. These policies include the tourism policy, the elephant management policy, and the water provision policy. At policy-making level, the integration of these three policies enhances the possibilities for balancing and controlling the pressures exerted on environmental resources. At the implementation level, it offers a framework for the coordination of the interventions of the policies in space so as to recognise and capitalize on their synergies. Given the inevitably multifarious and departmentalized nature of policy formulation in the KNP, there is a need for the analysis of interlinkages amongst policies. The conceptual framework underpinning this study derives much from Briassoulis’ (2004) policy integration. The research utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods, and focuses on selected camp sites within the Park. The findings indicate that current procedures for tourism policy-making and implementation are weak, and little is done by way of impact assessment. This has been attributed to the lack of capacity at the KNP. The findings also reconfirm that policy-making is too fragmented. As a result, policy coordination and cooperation among park managers is weak. This study suggests that an environmental policy integration approach can lead to improved policy-making and implementation. Informed by the data collected from interviews, questionnaires and document analyses, a management framework has been developed to demonstrate how an integrated approach to Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) or management can help sustain the practice of wildlife tourism and support biodiversity conservation. It is concluded that greater realisation of integrated policy-making and implementation in the KNP can be achieved by establishing a formal coordinating office. However, a special feature of KNP policy-making is its widespread consultation system that can provide a fertile ground for enhancing EPI.
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Huchzermeyer, Karl David August. "Pansteatitis in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24994.

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In the Kruger National Park (KNP), pansteatitis in sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), was shown to be a serious problem in the inlets to large man-made lakes fed by rivers arising in the polluted catchments of the Olifants and Sabie rivers. An increasing prevalence of pansteatitis was recorded in catfish from the Olifants River gorge. A low prevalence was found in catfish upstream of the gorge at two further sites. No pansteatitis was detected in catfish from a rain-filled dam distant from the potential pollution sources affecting the Olifants River and in rivers arising outside of the park that were not dammed. Analysis of stomach content indicated a higher prevalence of fish in the diet of catfish affected by pansteatitis than in those not affected. Significant pathology in catfish was limited to changes associated with a generalised necrosis and inflammation of adipose tissues (pansteatitis), and there was evidence that lesions accumulated over time. Similar pathology was found in a captive population of catfish with known nutritional pansteatitis. Pathology in other organs that might have been attributed to pollution could not be demonstrated. Examination of blood smears and measurement of haematocrit, blood haemoglobin, serum vitamin E and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase values did not prove useful as monitoring tools, probably because of the episodic exposure to oxidative stress and the chronic nature of the condition. Pansteatitis-affected catfish, kept in an experimental pond for 11 months after the inciting nutritional cause had been removed, retained steatitis lesions almost unaltered. Whereas lipolysis appeared to be reduced by pansteatitis, adipogenesis appeared to be unaffected. Juvenile catfish confined in experimental tanks with sediments from sites where pansteatitis occurred remained healthy, and no pathology developed after 14 months, suggesting that sediments were not directly toxic. The results of the study present the first record of pansteatitis in both wild and farmed African sharptooth catfish and emphasize the ecological importance and complexity of nutritional oxidative stress in a disturbed aquatic environment. Nutrient entrapment and the consumption of phytoplankton-feeding fish rich in polyunsaturated fats, particularly silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes), a species alien to Africa but present in the Olifants River, is proposed as the dietary cause of the pansteatitis.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Paraclinical Sciences
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Van, Eeden Rowen. "Understanding the decline of Martial Eagles Polemaetus bellicosus in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25522.

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Protected areas have been identified as one of the most effective strategies for reducing biodiversity loss in a world where the negative effects of global change are increasing. However for species which migrate or which range beyond the borders of protected areas, these protected areas may only offer partial protection against the threats in the surrounding landscape. Understanding the role and limitations that protected areas can play in conserving threatened species can contribute to better conservation measures for species that may otherwise not benefit from more conventional conservation approaches. The Martial Eagle is a low-density apex predator currently declining across its African range. Changes in reporting rates from bird atlas surveys suggest declines of up to 60 % over the last 20 years (1987-1982 vs. 2007-2013) across South Africa. Worryingly, large protected areas were not immune to these declines. For instance reporting rates in Kruger National Park (KNP; ca. 20,000 km²), an area often considered a stronghold for Martial Eagles, recorded a 54 % decline in reporting rates. It is not clear what the major drivers of declines have been in South Africa, nor what is contributing to the declines in these large protected areas. In this thesis I study the ecology of Martial Eagles in KNP to improve our understanding of the threats they face and how these threats at various stages in their life cycle may be driving declines within protected areas where one would expect that the species should be well conserved. I hypothesised that the main driver of declines in protected areas is that juvenile Martial Eagles disperse beyond the borders of protected areas where they are at increased risk of unnatural mortality, thus leading to recruitment failure back into even the largest protected areas. To test this hypothesis, I fitted GPS tags to 9 juvenile eagles to understand their dispersal behaviour, an aspect of their life cycle for which no previous information existed, and to explore their survival rates. During a lengthy post fledging dependency phase (7 - 9 months) birds began making exploration trips that reached up to ca. 150 km from the nest site and beyond the borders of KNP. After dispersal onset, birds ranged widely up to 390 km from their nests covering areas that averaged ca. 6,500 km²; protected areas covered only 55 % of this area. In contrast to my hypothesis survival rates did not appear particularly low; from monitoring successfully dispersed juveniles over 36 months in total, only one immature bird was confirmed to have died presumably due to natural causes. To understand adult habitat preference and ranging behaviour, which can inform habitat requirements for the species conservation, I fitted GPS tags to eight adult birds. Models of their habitat preference indicated that the species preferred to utilise areas within their home ranges that were in areas with greater tree cover, with areas of dense bush rather than open bush or grassland, amongst other important features. These results were important to identify potential threats, such as the loss of trees in Savannah's, which is currently occurring due to elephant damage and fire influences. The species held large territories (ca. 108 km²) constraining the maximum number of pairs that the Park is able to support (max. 185 possible pairs), however models of distribution suggest the available habitat in KNP likely supports ca. 60 - 70 breeding pairs. Two adult individuals never held territories and another two abandoned their territories during the course of the study. These individuals ranged widely (ca. 44,000 km²) suggesting a floater population exists in the region. The death of three of these four floater individuals (two persecutions and an electrocution) indicates that adults are particularly at risk of mortality during these wide-ranging movements beyond protected area boundaries. Two natural mortalities of territorial birds within the park were also recorded. Overall therefore, despite our relatively small sample size, adult birds do appear to have worryingly low survival rates. Because my sample size of both adults and juveniles/immatures was relatively small (adults = 8, juveniles = 9), their movements may not be fully representative of the entire population. Therefore, I additionally modelled the distribution of Martial Eagles using independent sightings data to describe suitable areas for the species both within the KNP and adjacent areas (within ca. 400 km of the park). Identifying these areas provides conservation managers with more information to ensure adequate conservation measures are in place for this species in these areas. At least 29 % of KNP was predicted to be suitable for Martial Eagles, while neighbouring regions in Mozambique and Swaziland were also predicted to be highly suitable for the species. Given the adult mortalities and general scarcity of Martial Eagles in Mozambique the area may act as a population sink for KNP birds. Lastly, I compared current reproductive parameters to those reported in a considerable number of other studies on the species both within KNP and elsewhere. Productivity recorded during this study was lower than any previously recorded estimate. Using a population model, I show that current productivity within KNP is sufficiently low to have been solely responsible for the known levels of decline there, without the need to invoke any other contributory factors. A high hatching failure rate was mostly responsible for the low productivity. However, it is important to note that at least two of the three years of data collection occurred during low (drought) rainfall years, which may have constrained breeding, and thus may not be reflective of productivity levels more generally over the recent longer term. My research helps identify the most likely drivers of population declines in KNP, suggesting that elevated adult mortality and lower productivity may be the key factors. Drivers of low productivity require further investigation, however it is likely that changes in habitat quality or climate may be impacting on the species within KNP. The study also highlighted the difficulty of conserving wideranging and threatened species in protected areas, which may be prone to high mortality in the surrounding landscape. This research is therefore applicable to a number of species that range widely from KNP e.g. vultures, or migratory eagles. The research indicates that protected areas alone are unlikely to conserve these species and that additional conservation measures, such as education programmes, or trans boundary policy should be put in place to realise successful conservation for these species.
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Books on the topic "Ecotourism - South Africa - Kruger National Park"

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Mervyn, Lotter, McCleland Warren, Burrows, J. E. (John Eric), 1950-, Burrows Sandie 1959-, Hempson Dave, and Amm Mike, eds. Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park. 2nd ed. Johannesburg: Jacana Media, 2007.

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Val, Thomas, ed. Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park. 2nd ed. Johannesburg, South Africa: Jacana, 2001.

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Ebersohn, Colleen. The coprophilous mycoflora of herbivores of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. [Pretoria: C. Ebersohn, 1991.

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Chapman, Duane. Apartheid and elephants: The Kruger National Park in a new South Africa : an essay. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics, Cornell University, 1993.

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Kruger, Kobie. The wilderness family. London: Bantam, 2001.

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IEEE, Information Theory and Communications Workshop (1999 Kruger National Park South Africa). Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Information Theory and Communications Workshop: [Kruger National Park, South Africa, June 20-25, 1999]. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 1999.

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International Symposium on Capture, Care, and Management of Threatened Mammals (1993 Kruger National Park, South Africa). Proceedings of an International Symposium on Capture, Care, and Management of Threatened Mammals: Skukuza, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 14-18 September 1993. Onderstepoort, Rep. of South Africa: Wildlife Group, South African Veterinary Association in collaboration with the World Association of Wildlife Veterinarians, 1995.

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International, Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife (5th 2001 Skukuza Kruger National Park). Fertility control in wildlife: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife, Skukuza, the Kruger National Park, South Africa, August 2001. Cambridge [England]: Society for Reproduction and Fertility, 2002.

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International Conference on Composite Construction (5th 2004 Kruger National Park, Berg-en-Dal, Mpumalanga, South Africa). Composite construction in steel and concrete V: Proceedings of the 5th international conference : July 18-23, 2004, Kruger National Park, Berg-en-Dal, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006.

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IEEE International Symposium on Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications (12th 2004 Berg-en-Dal, Kruger National Park, South Africa). EDMO 2004: The 12th IEEE International Symposium on Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications : 8-9 November, 2004, Berg-en-Dal, Kruger National Park, South Africa. [Piscataway, NJ]: IEEE, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ecotourism - South Africa - Kruger National Park"

1

Mabunda, David M., and Deon Wilson. "7. Commercialization of National Parks: South Africa’s Kruger National Park as an Example." In Sustainable Tourism in Southern Africa, edited by Jarkko Saarinen, Fritz O. Becker, Haretsebe Manwa, and Deon Wilson, 116–33. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781845411107-014.

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Steffens, Francois E. "Geostatistical Estimation of Animal Abundance in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." In Quantitative Geology and Geostatistics, 887–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1739-5_71.

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Schoemann, Thea. "Socio-political Aspects of Establishing Ecotourism in the Qwa-Qwa National Park, South Africa." In Global Ecotourism Policies and Case Studies, edited by Michael Lück and Torsten Kirstges, 115–36. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781873150757-011.

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Ferguson, Ken, Laura Adam, and Ferran Jori. "An Adaptive Monitoring Programme for Studying Impacts Along the Western Boundary Fence of Kruger National Park, South Africa." In Fencing for Conservation, 105–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0902-1_7.

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Spenceley, Anna, and Harold Goodwin. "7. Nature-Based Tourism and Poverty Alleviation: Impacts of Private Sector and Parastatal Enterprises In and Around Kruger National Park, South Africa." In Pro-poor Tourism: Who Benefits?, edited by C. Michael Hall, 145–67. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781845410766-007.

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Cilliers, Catharina J., D. Zeller, and G. Strydom. "Short- and long-term control of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) on seasonal water bodies and on a river system in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." In Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants, 173–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5782-7_27.

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Venter, F. "Wilderness Stewardship in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." In Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism, 198–202. Apple Academic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12233-21.

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Middleton, Victor T. C., and Rebecca Hawkins. "Kruger National Park, South Africa." In Sustainable Tourism, 201–7. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-2385-8.50022-3.

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Wohl, Ellen. "Shrinking Ecosystem: Kruger National Park, South Africa." In Transient Landscapes: Insights on a Changing Planet, 205–9. University Press of Colorado, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5876/9781607323693.c045.

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"PORTRAIT OF A NATIONAL PARK: THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK OF SOUTH AFRICA." In Unifying Geography, 325–32. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203611395-47.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ecotourism - South Africa - Kruger National Park"

1

Bucini, Gabriela, Sassan Saatchi, Niall Hanan, Randall B. Boone, and Izak Smit. "Woody cover and heterogeneity in the Savannas of the Kruger National Park, South Africa." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417381.

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Berger, C., H. Lux, M. Urban, C. Schmullius, J. Baade, C. Thiel, C. Wigley-Coetsee, and I. Smit. "Annual Grass Biomass Mapping with Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Data Over Kruger National Park, South Africa." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9324413.

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Kong, Martin, Brigitte Leblon, Renaud Mathieu, Claus-Peter Gross, Joseph Buckley, Laven Naidoo, and Laura Bourgeau-Chavez. "Use of Radarsat-2 polarimetric SAR images for fuel moisture mapping in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." In IGARSS 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947627.

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Munyati, Christopher, and Ndidzulafhi I. Sinthumule. "Assessing woody vegetation cover dynamics in the Kruger National Park, South Africa: Linking historical aerial photographs and spot imagery." In IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7326762.

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Janecke, Beanelri. "Variety of Mammals (Dietary Classes and Body Sizes) on a Catena in Savanna Biome, Kruger National Park, South Africa." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09494.

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Berger, Christian, Stefan Werner, Corli Wigley-Coetsee, Izak Smit, and Christiane Schmullius. "Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 Data for Wall-To-Wall Herbaceous Biomass Mapping in Kruger National Park, South Africa — First Results." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8898045.

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