Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ecotoxicologie aquatique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 16 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ecotoxicologie aquatique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lebreton, Morgane. "Caractérisation des effets d'un anxiolytique (oxazépam) sur le cycle de vie d'un gastéropode d'eau douce, Radix balthica." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30291.
Full textFreshwater contamination by pharmaceuticals is becoming a major concern over the last decades. Antibiotics and hormonal treatments have been the focus of attention but some pharmaceutical families are not subject to many studies yet. This is especially true for psychoactive drugs, and particularly anxiolytics. Among anxiolytics, oxazepam is one of the most frequently detected psychotropic in surface waters in connection with its high consumption but also to its status of metabolite of many benzodiazepines. This molecule has been subject to some ecotoxicological studies mainly focused on behavioural disturbance in fish. However, very few studies are interested in its effects on aquatic invertebrates. Thus, this thesis aims to assess the impact of environmental relevant oxazepam concentrations on the life cycle of a freshwater gastropod widespread in Europe, Radix balthica. We asked if and how oxazepam affected three important steps of the life of this organism: reproduction, embryonic development and growth, coupling physiological, behavioural and molecular approaches. This work consists into three parts, corresponding to the three steps previously described (reproduction, embryonic development and growth). For each of these stages, organisms have been exposed to relevant oxazepam concentrations: 10 µg/L corresponding to the maximal concentration found in STEP effluents and 0.8 µg/L corresponding to the maximal concentration found in river. Numerous physiological (e.g. reproductive apparatus state, fertility, hatching rate, growth, feeding rate) and behavioral parameters (e.g. social interactions, locomotion) have been tested to answer the question raised. Studies on embryogenesis and growth have been completed by a transcriptomic analysis to bring information on potential toxicity mechanisms at molecular level. Results showed that, at the adult stage (reproduction), oxazepam increased spermatozoa density at high concentration (10 µg/L) and decreased the number of eggs per eggmass at low concentration (0.8 µg/L). A decrease of the locomotor activity has also been observed for both oxazepam concentrations. Studies led on the embryonic stage showed a high inter-population variability which did not allow conclusions on potential effects of oxazepam. Finally, concerning the juvenile stage, results showed a significant effect of oxazepam on feeding rate with an activator effect at low concentration and an inhibitory effect at high dose. A reduction of mortality after exposure has also been demonstrated at the lowest concentration. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a global under-expression of genes involved in neural transmission linked to many functions, such as feeding behavior, growth, locomotion or chemoreception. Taken together, these results enhance the ecotoxicological knowledge of oxazepam impact on an aquatic invertebrate
Lachaux, Nicolas. "Impacts écotoxicologiques d’éléments terres rares à différents niveaux d’organisation biologique dans un réseau d’eau douce : approches intégrées en mésocosmes indoor." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0330.
Full textRare earth elements (REE) are a group of seventeen metals composed of the lanthanide series, yttrium and scandium, which share similar physicochemical properties. They have diverse applications, including in hi-tech and green energy areas. Mining, industrial, medical, agricultural activities and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) release REE in aquatic systems. This raises environmental concerns on their potential toxicity towards aquatic organisms, which is still poorly understood. The main objective of the thesis was to analyse speciation, bioaccumulation and biological effects of different REE on several key freshwater species to allow a reliable environmental risk assessment of REE. Three representative REE have been tested individually and in mixture: neodymium (Nd), gadolinium (Gd) and ytterbium (Yb). A complementary approach combining microcosms (standard tests) and mesocosms afforded to study their toxicity at several levels of biological organization in five species belonging to different trophic levels: a unicellular alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, a macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum, a crustacean Daphnia magna, a bivalve Corbicula fluminea and a fish Danio rerio. Fate, speciation and bioaccumulation of REE in different exposure media (with and without dissolved organic matter = DOM; with different forms of phosphorous = P) were studied by modelling and measuring REE concentrations in the medium and in the organisms to better understand the observed biological effects. The results demonstrate strong links between speciation, bioaccumulation and toxicity shown by a decrease of toxicity and/or bioaccumulation of Nd, Gd and Yb in all studied species in the presence of DOM and inorganic phosphorous, which complexed and precipitated with REE reducing their bioavailability. These results highlight that it is essential to consider speciation, by using measured dissolved concentrations and replacing inorganic P by organic P, in order to prevent an underestimation of REE toxicity. Nd, Gd and Yb were significantly accumulated in studied species, leading to harmful effects at individual and subindividual levels. Internal distribution of Nd, Gd and Yb and several effects indicated that elementary homeostasis and osmoregulation disturbance is a relevant toxic mechanism of REE. The three REE induced additive mixture effects regardless of the type of species or exposure medium. Taking into account all these results and the fact that REE occur in mixtures in the environment, we propose an original approach by assessing environmental risk of REE in mixture instead of individually. The threshold concentration of REE mixture was determined at 3.2 µg L-1 by using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach. The calculated risk from tests with individual organisms and the SSD together with results from a mesocosm experiment testing different species at three trophic levels show that current mining and industrial releases could strongly affect all trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems, especially primary producers. At present, WWTP effluents should pose a limited risk. However, we demonstrated that Gd, in constrat-agent form used in medicine, can be accumulated and provoke direct effects on aquatic organisms. The environmental risk of REE is currently restricted to some hotspots but it may get higher and more widespread in the future because of the increasing REE uses and releases
Morin, Soizic. "Bioindication des effets des pollutions métalliques sur les communautés de diatomées benthiques : approches in situ et expérimentales." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164971.
Full textYosowidagdo, Ahmadi. "Évaluation ecotoxicologique en microcosmes aquatiques de laboratoire : mise au point méthodologique." Chambéry, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CHAMS002.
Full textClement, Bernard. "APPORTS DES ESSAIS EN MICROCOSMES AQUATIQUES LENTIQUES DE LABORATOIRE A L'EVALUATION ECOTOXICOLOGIQUE DES POLLUANTS." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142639.
Full textCaquet, Thierry. "Recherches sur l'utilisation de mesocosmes pour l'evaluation de l'impact ecotoxicologique potentiel des insecticides en milieu aquatique." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112123.
Full textVenel, Zélie. "Caractérisation du comportement de nanoplastiques représentatifs de l'environnement dans un gradient de salinité : évaluation de leurs impacts écotoxicologiques sur les huitres de palétuviers Isognomon alatus." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0072.
Full textPlastic pollution of surface water is constantly increasing and raises economic and ecological problems. According to recent studies, marine plastic debris breaks down into microparticles and nanoparticles by mechanical and photochemical processes. The nanometric fraction of environmental plastics is still unknown because there are still analytical challenges to characterize nanoparticles at trace concentrations. These particles are potentially toxic due to their composition, size and shape, but can become even more toxic, by aggregation with organic matter, or by surface adsorption of trace metals or organic contaminants. Up to date, there is limited studies about behavior of nanoplastics in transitional waters such as estuaries and mangroves. The aim of this thesis is to (i) characterize physico-chemical behavior of nanoplastic models in a salinity gradient, with an innovative methodology using microfluidics; (ii) study the ecotoxicological impact of these nanoparticles on bivalves, with an exposure representative of in situ conditions.Polystyrene latex, as well as mechanically aged nanoplastics from either pristine polystyrene pellets or from macro-plastics sampled on Guadeloupe beaches (polyethylene, polypropylene), were dispersed across a salinity gradient under dynamic conditions inside a microchip. Results were compared with conventional protocols i.e. dispersing standard nanospheres in a homogeneous saline medium under static conditions. Sizes, concentrations, morphologies, compositions and stability of these nanoparticles were measured as a function of the physicochemical conditions of the medium. Then, the ecotoxicological impact of model nanoplastics dispersed via a salinity gradient was studied on flat tree oysters: Isognomon alatus. Exposures were carried out by direct route at environmental concentrations. Different markers such as metallothionein production and early gene expression have been used to assess the toxicity of nanoplastics. This thesis also allowed the development of one of the most sensitive instruments for the analysis of nanoparticles at ultra-trace concentration: the Laser Induced Breakdown Detection (LIBD). This work highlights the impact of salinity gradients on the behavior of nanoplastics and its importance in the toxicity assessment on bivalves during the transition from freshwater to seawater
Vigneron, Amandine. "Capacités d’adaptation des populations naturelles à la contamination des milieux aquatiques : cas d’étude du cadmium chez le crustacé Gammarus fossarum." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10100/document.
Full textBecause they lead to changes in toxicological sensitivities and life history traits within field populations, evolutionary processes supporting adaptation to contamination challenge the relevance of environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants. Hence their study becomes an important developing field of research in ecotoxicology. Focusing on the study of adaptive capacity of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum, this work aimed to gain insight into the effects of long term exposure to cadmium at the population scale in the field. By means of biomonitoring methodologies (caging), population demographic sampling, culture and exposure in the laboratory we identified a phenomenon of increased tolerance and modification of life history traits in a natural population historically exposed to cadmium. Quantitative genetics experiments conducted on three populations secondly demonstrated (1) a low heritability of sensitivity to cadmium in naïve populations ; and (2) a major role of parental effects induced by exposure as populational mechanism supporting the development of tolerance in this species. Finally, the characterization of the variability of cadmium sensitivity in the genus Gammarus (seventeen populations), and the analysis of the divergence of the tolerant population in comparison to this variability led us to discuss about the implications of these evolutionary processes induced by environmental exposure for risk assessment of chemicals. Thus, from these results it appears necessary to take into account adaptive responses induced by environmental contamination as a source of variability and uncertainty in order to provide a relevant risk assessment fully integrating all the impacts of environmental contamination on natural populations
BEKAERT, CORINNE. "Impact ecotoxicologique de sols pollues et de dechets sur le compartiment aquatique. Mesure de la toxicite subchronique et de trois biomarqueurs, (erod, adduits et micronoyaux), chez des larves de l'amphibien xenopus laevis." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30142.
Full textFleurbaix, Emmanuel. "Évaluation écotoxicologique des éléments terres-rares : approches cellulaires chez différentes espèces aquatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0324.
Full textSince 30 years ago, the growing use of Lanthanides in new technologies has contributed to important releases of these metals into aquatic ecosystems. In a global sustainable development policy aimed at preserving the quality of ecosystems, the impact of Lanthanides on aquatic organisms has naturally been questioned. However, studies on the aquatic ecotoxicology of Lanthanides are incomplete, and no consensus is established yet. In this context, we studied the cellular toxicity of Lanthanides individually and in mixtures. To determine these toxic effects, cell viability was measured on Danio rerio fibroblast-like cells (ZF4; ATCC®, CRL-2050™), Danio rerio hepatic cells (ZFL; ATCC®, CRL-2643™), Oncorhynchus mykiss epithelial cells (RTgill-W1; ATCC®, CRL-2523™), and primary culture of Corbicula fluminea digestive glands exposed to Lanthanides. Direct toxicity of Lanthanides has been observed on all cellular models. Concerning the toxicity of Lanthanides in mixtures, synergistic effects have been underlined on the three fish cell lines. In this research, we focused on the mechanisms of the detoxification of Lanthanides in the case of ZF4 cells from Danio rerio. The effects of Lanthanides were assessed in the presence of specific inhibitors of glutathione-S-transferases (ethacrynic acid) and MRP-like (MK571 and probenecid), by cell viability measurements. We decided to study these actors of the cellular detoxification due to their respective roles in phases II and III of the cellular detoxification of metals in fishes and bivalves. Regarding the results, MRP-like proteins are effectively involved in the detoxification of Lanthanides in ZF4 cells. Overall, our results highlighted the relevance of the toxic effects of Lanthanides at the cellular level for the risk assessment of these metals
Fechner, Lise. "Acquisition de tolérance et modification de structure des communautés périphytiques : une réponse précoce à la pression urbaine dans les milieux aquatiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596853.
Full textReoyo, Prats Brice. "Forçages anthropiques multiples dans les écosystèmes aquatiques méditerranéens et conséquences sur les communautés bactériennes." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0069.
Full textGlobal changes cannot be ignored nowadays and human activities causing these disruptions tend to increase with, for example, the growing use of chemicals. The resulting pollution can then have a strong impact on ecosystems, in particular those of fresh surface waters.This thesis first showed through a high-frequency sampling of a typically Mediterranean river (the Têt River), during a characteristic intense rainy event, that multicontaminations occur with the presence in natural waters of nutrients, trace metals, pesticides and pharmaceuticals among others. These multicontamination phenomena are mainly related to the overflows of the sewage system that take place through storm overflows. This study has also shown, through the use of the new MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technique, that changes in the structural diversities of aquatic bacterial communities of suspended matter evolve mainly according to the hydrodynamics of the river, the strongest dissimilarities between the communities being observed during peak flow. The physico-chemical environmental parameters also have a major impact on the structure of communities, which could lead to the exploration of bacterial taxa associated with a characteristic contaminations dynamic, to the discovery of specific biomarkers of these phenomena
Ferro, Yannis. "Évaluation de l’impact des rejets urbains de temps de pluie sur le compartiment algal des écosystèmes aquatiques : Mise au point d’outils pour la surveillance des milieux récepteurs." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0091/document.
Full textThe stormwater management constitutes an important challenge for cities around the world: today there are countless problems of flooding and pollution, chronic problems that tend to amplify as urbanization grows. Sustainable management of these waters is at the heart of defies of the twenty-first century and to address these problems the Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development has launched a research operation. Among problems posed by stormwater, our study focuses on urban wet weather discharges (UWWD). These releases are an important and unpredictable contribution of many pollutants to the receiving water bodies. UWWD's pollution has been studied for many years and, while knowledge in the field matures, there is at present no large-scale study to identify the impact of UWWD on the receiving ecosystems. Our work consist in studying the impact of different UWWD samples collected at 3 storm sanitation sites of Lyon on the environment. We have relevant bioindicators, freshwater microalgae, unicellular organisms at the base of the trophic chain and very sensitive to pollutants present in the UWWD. We have undertaken ecotoxicological bioassays known from the literature and contributed to the development of new indicators of toxicity. Furthermore, we seek to adapt these bioassays to allow their use in the field. In parallel, we have worked to improve an enzyme biosensor algal cell. We evaluated its performances on samples of UWWD and then we built an automated measuring station to make measurements directly on the remediation site (online monitoring)
Ferro, Yannis. "Évaluation de l'impact des rejets urbains de temps de pluie sur le compartiment algal des écosystèmes aquatiques : Mise au point d'outils pour la surveillance des milieux récepteurs." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994535.
Full textNuttens, Andréïna. "Étude des effets de l'interaction entre polluants et ressources sur Myriophyllum spicatum grâce à une approche couplant écotoxicologie et écologie chimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0143/document.
Full textSimultaneous contamination of aquatic ecosystems by pollutants and nutrients is a major problem whose effects on macrophytes are still unknown. The objective of this thesis was to study the effects of different pollutants, herbicides and trace metal elements (TME), in combination with varying resource availability (nitrogen, phosphorus, or carbon) on Myriophyllum spicatum, using parameters from chemical ecology and ecotoxicology. Tests showed contrasting effects of herbicides, but no effects of the TME. In all cases, resource modifications (nitrate, N:P ratio or sucrose) induced significant effects on the physiology and stoichiometry of the plant, which might alter its response to additional stress like pollutants. These results suggest that an imbalance of resources in the presence of pollutants may lead to unforeseen changes in the combined effects on macrophytes, and also highlight the need to add more informative parameters in tests to meet the challenges of multiple stress and improve environmental risk assessment
Molbert, Noëlie. "Host-parasites transfer of micropollutants and eco-physiological consequences on a freshwater fish : case study of chub-acanthocephalan model." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS102.
Full textExposure to complex mixtures of environmental contaminants may have severe consequences in free-living. Under natural conditions, organisms are also exposed to other stressors, including parasites. Both chemical exposure and parasite infection have been well studied and documented, but have in many cases been investigated independently from one another. However, it is crucial to simultaneously assess their combined effect on wild organisms given that parasites may interfere with the fate of environmental contaminants within their host through their bioaccumulation capacity. Based on a field study, completed by an experimental approach, I investigated the fate and consequences of six families of organic contaminants, and some of their metabolites, in a host-parasite system composed of a freshwater fish, the European chub, Squalius cephalus, and its intestinal parasite, Pomphorhynchus sp. from the Marne River, France. Specifically, I investigated whether intestinal parasites were able to accumulate toxicants and how their presence affected the stress response of their definitive host exposed to environmental contaminants, at different biological levels with the use of general biomarkers (telomere, lysozyme, peroxidase, antioxidants, oxidative damage, gut microbiota, Fulton’s index and hepatosomatic index). Importantly, we demonstrated that intestinal worms were able to accumulate organic contaminants, detoxify their hosts and that their effects on the host shifted from negative to positive as chemical exposure increased