Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Écoulement géophysique'
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Rinaldo, Sandro. "Etude et devenir de la pollution d'une nappe alluviale par des solvants chloréss sur des sites industriels historiques en activités." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066120.
Full textThis thesis focused on pollution by chlorinated solvents of alluvial systems. Chlorinated solvents have physicochemical characteristics that make their environmental evolution complicated. Two industrial sites, sill in activity, with a chlorinated solvents pollution problem are treated with a multidisciplinary approach. This approach can be summarized in four points : I) a summary of information and studies available at the beginning of the thesis ; II) a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of concentrations in the studied area ; III) further studies and works to better characterize the functioning of the aquifer system and pollution, in particular, in situ groundwater flow studies (multitracer) and field-laboratory studies of biodegradation of solvents and its possible stimulation by appropriate compounds ; IV) proposals for analysis and further action. This approach help us to define, for each site, a more detailed conceptual model of environmental (physical and biological) functioning and to make a first quantification of the processes that regulate the dissolved COHV becoming in space and time. Our results indicate that, in these two sites, the stimulation of the biodegradation activity of solvents, naturally occurring, could be an effective method for remediation of pollutions. This thesis demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to planning an appropriate method of treatment of such pollution
Tirel, Céline. "Dynamique de l'extension des domaines continentaux épaissis : dômes métamorphiques et écoulement de la croûte ductile." Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008497.
Full textLusso, Christelle. "Modélisation numérique des écoulements gravitaires viscoplastiques avec transition fluide/solide." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977866.
Full textRenault, Coralie. "Structures ordonnées dans des écoulements géophysiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S053/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we are concerned with the vortex dynamics for some equations arising in fluid mechanics. We distinguish three independent parts. One of the objectives is to prove the existence of uniformly concentrated rigid vortices, they do not change their shapes during the motion. We examine two configurations related to the topological nature of the support: simply and doubly connected vortex patches. Our solutions are obtained using bifurcation arguments and complex analysis tools. The second objective is to obtain some precisions on the global structure of the bifurcation diagram and its response to small perturbations. More precisely, in the second chapter we prove the existence of doubly connected V-states in a neighborhood of the annulus for the surface quasi-geostrophic model. We check that we can construct some branches of solutions which are perturbated annulus at some angular velocities related to hypergeometric Gauss functions and Bessel functions. The goal of the third chapter is to study the structure of the bifurcation diagram in the doubly connected case for Euler equations. Numerically, close to a degenerate case, the two branches of solutions come from the two angular velocities seems to merge to form a loop. We prove analytically this result. In the last chapter, we focus on the shallow quasi-geostrophic model. In the first part, we prove the existence of the simply V-states in a neighborhood of the Rankine Vortices for a countable number of angular velocities related to modified Bessel functions. In the second part, we study the reaction of the diagram bifurcation for small perturbations of the parameter. In particular, we prove that some singularities are broken due to a resonance phenomenon. Our analytical study is completed by numerical simulations on the limiting V-states for the two and three fold symetries
Bouchet, Freddy. "Mécanique statistique pour des écoulements géophysiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10150.
Full textRibstein, Bruno. "Développement, saturation et impact des instabilités agéostrophiques." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066654.
Full textDue to the existence of trapped mode at the anticyclonic shear, inertial instability is a typical ageostrophic instability. In the linear stability of a barotropic zonal jet, at high Rossby number, in the two-layer rotating shallow water (RSW) model as in the continuous stratification one, we show that the inertial instability turns out to be the limiting case, for infinitely along jet wavelength, of the classic baroclinic instability, due to waves resonance. For flows ageostrophic enough, this instability dominates over the barotropic one. In the two-layer RSW finite volume high resolution numerical scheme, as in the "Weather Research and Forecasting" model (for more realistic jet), the nonlinear evolution of these instabilities is shown to be associated with a homogenization process within the region of instability and spontaneous emission of internal inertia-gravity waves. Inertial instability is also associate with the production of small scale Kelvin-Helmholtz type instabilities. Coupled density fronts present specific ageostrophic instabilities, as we found from the stability analysis of the two-layer RSW model. We studied barotropic and baroclinic instabilities due to resonances of the frontal, Rossby, topographic and gravity waves, as well as the corresponding nonlinear effects. A swap in the leading long-wave instability from the barotropic resonance of two frontal waves, to the baroclinic resonance of Rossby and frontal waves, takes place with decreasing depth. We also found the baroclinic resonance of frontal and topographic waves. We finally studied the ageostrophic adjustment, focusing on dipolar perturbation, by direct numerical simulations of the one-layer RSW model. The associate instabilities of geostrophically balanced motions and the formation of agestrophic quasi-stationary dipoles are also studied
Simonnet, Éric. "Quelques problèmes numériques associés aux écoulements géophysiques." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112328.
Full textNeuville, Amélie. "Comportement hydro-thermique d'un écoulement de fluide dans une fracture rugueuse : modélisation et application à des massifs fracturés." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521053.
Full textGoutaland, David. "Caractérisation hydrogéophysique d'un dépôt fluvioglaciaire : évaluation de l'effet de l'hétérogénéité hydrodynamique sur les écoulements en zone non-saturée." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0018/these.pdf.
Full textThe increasing urbanization gene rates an anthropogenic pressure on subsoil and water resources. Their sustainable management require a better understanding of water flows in the vadose zone, taking into account their heterogeneities, in particular natural, at the local scale This study aims at characterizing at this scale the sedimentary and hydraulic heterogeneities of the glaciofluvial deposit located east of Lyon in order to evaluate the influence of these heterogeneities on the unsaturated flows. By a hydrogeophysical approach, relying on a sedimentological characterization of the sedimentary structures and textures, a geophysical investigation using ground-penetrating radar and electrical resistivity, and a characterization of the hydraulic properties, a three-dimensional hydrostratigraphic model of the glaciofluvi deposit was defined on a reduced zone of a stormwater infiltration basin. This model shows the sedimentary and hydraulic heterogeneities the hydrofacies scale. Measurements of water contents at three depths in the glaciofluvial deposit, coup led to a numerical modeling of the unsaturated flow from the hydrostratigraphic model, allowed to evaluate the hydraulic behavior of the glaciofluvial deposit du ring an infiltration. The results show the influence of the initial saturation of the deposit on the unsaturated flows. Heterogeneous flows are linked to preferential flow paths. The hydrogeophysical approach followed in this study is promising for the hydrostratigraphic characterization of heterogeneous sedimentary deposits
Hector, Basile. "Caractérisation hydrogéophysique multi-échelles et dynamique des stocks d'eau souterrains d'un bassin versant en zone soudanienne de socle : apport de la gravimétrie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH007/document.
Full textWater storage, together with its temporal and spatial variations, are major unknowns of the West African hydrological cycle. The three main gravimeter types (a relative superconducting gravimeter –SG–, a relative microgravimeter –CG5–, and an absolute gravimeter –FG5–) have been set up on an elementary catchment of the Upper Ouémé (Benin) AMMA-CATCH observatory, considered as a typical cultivated environment of the Sudanian area. Hydrological monitoring (water table, neutron probe) and near surface geophysics (electrical, electromagnetic, magnetic resonance soundings –MRS–) have been developed jointly, for aquifer characterization. This work states on the inputs provided by gravimetry on 1) specific yield determination in heterogeneous basement area, 2) the monitoring of water storage changes at the gravity measurements scale (100m square plot) and 3) hydrological processes identification, linked to internal catchment redistribution and streamflow generation
Mercier, Matthieu. "Étude expérimentale de la génération de structures linéaires et non-linéaires (solibores, solitons) en milieu stratifié." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542727.
Full textVatteville, Judith. "Dynamique des panaches thermiques laminaires : application aux panaches mantelliques." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GLOB0006.
Full textIn Earth Sciences, hot upwelling plumes are thought to develop from the base of the 2900 kmthick solid mantle of our planet and to generate hotspots, i. E. Intraplate volcanic islands such as Hawaii and La Reunion. Although generated through chaotic Rayleigh-B´enard instabilities at a Prandtl number (Pr) around 1023, they can be modelled with the simpler case of starting plumes out of a finite-size heater, either numerically for infinite Prandtl number, or in the laboratory with fluids with Pr ~ 103 - 106. Hence, the question is to find simple scaling laws for isolated rising plumes and apply them to the Earth’s mantle case. In this thesis we study the characteristics of an isolated plume growing in a viscous fluid with constant viscosity. We use both laboratory experiments and numerical models : the visualization techniques give us access to the growing plume temperature and velocity fields, on a 2-D section of the tank, whereas the numerical simulations are axisymmetric finite element simulations that attempt to reproduce the laboratory conditions as closely as possible. We find excellent quantitative agreement between the two fully independent approaches. This is used to derive scaling laws for the dynamics of the plume head and stem, and apply them to the Earth’s case. We further show that for Pr larger than 1000, confinement effects are more important than inertial effects and that plumes dynamics are well described by the approximation if infinite Prandlt number. This is especially true for planetary mantles
Collao, Barrios Gabriela. "Estimation du bilan masse de surface du Glacier San Rafael et du Champ du Glace Nord de Patagonie par diverses approches." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU044/document.
Full textThe Northern Patagonia Icefield (NPI) have been losing mass at an accelerated rate during the last decades compared to the mean losses recorded since the Little Ice Age. Here we look for accurate estimates of the mean climate variables, surface mass balance (SMB) and ice dynamics of NPI. Due to the lack of available data in the area, the approach is based on physical models for both the atmosphere and the ice dynamics, in order to properly attribute the components of the glacial mass budget (mass balance, surface mass balance and ice discharge).First, the San Rafael Glacier (SRG) ice dynamics are modelled using the full-Stokes model Elmer/Ice. The flow model is initialised and constrained using the most up-to-date observations of surface velocities and bedrock elevation. The model is forced with several parametrisations of thealtitudinal SMB distribution to obtain consistency between the changes in SMB and ice dynamics. We show that previous studies have proposed excessive accumulation values on the icefield plateau, and that SRG imbalance is largely controlled by a large ice discharge (-0.83 +- 0.08 Gt/a compared to a slightly positive glacier-wide SMB (0.08 +- 0.06 Gt/a). This allows for an estimation of a committed mass loss of 0.34 +- 0.03 Gt/a for the next century. This value likely constitutes a minimum wastage in the future global climate change situation.Second, we model the SMB of the SRG and the NPI using the regional circulation model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Regional). This model is forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis outputs and adapted to accurately reproduce accumulation on the icefield. In addition to accumulation, attention is paid to estimating accurate ablation and albedo values on the plateau. The modelled temperature and precipitation are also validated using data from weather stations in the valleys around the icefield. For the period 1980-2014, the modelled mean SMB of the SRG and the NPI are 0.86 Gt/a and -1.84 Gt/a, respectively, with a large inter-annual variability of 1.4 Gt/a and 6.1 Gt/a, which is induced by temperature and snowfall variability. Due to the hypsometry of the SRG, small changes in the punctual SMB around the ELA have impacts over large areas and have significant consequences on the final glacier-wide SMB. However, in-situ data above the ELA are lacking, leading to important uncertainty in accumulation. Nevertheless, our SMB estimates for the 3 largest non-calving glaciers of the icefield are similar to mass balance values given by geodetic techniques. This validation shows that our estimate of SMB, which is the first negative proposed at the scale of NPI, is accurate. Combined with the ice discharge proposed in the first section of this study, this SMB could have contributed to the observed mass loss from the 1980s.Finally, the study of the surface energy balance given by MAR reveals the key role of the albedo and the shortwave radiation budget in the variations of the SMB. Albedo variations indirectly justify the existing correlations between temperature and melting as air temperature controls the phase of precipitation on the plateau. Thus, changes in solid precipitation explain most of the SMB variations. Consequently, past conditions with higher solid precipitation may have explained larger glaciers in Patagonia. The current instability is possibly a result from the location of glacier fronts which are well below the necessary altitude for equilibrium in the current icefield topography.This study allows us to conclude that well constrained atmospheric and ice dynamic modelling leads to SMB values which are in better agreement with the mass balance of the icefield. Nevertheless, new field data is necessary to better constrain SMB estimates of the SRG and the NPI in order to improve our understanding of past and future climate change impacts on these glaciers
Warlouzel, Karine. "Caractérisation et comportement des géotextiles pour la lutte contre l'érosion pluviale des sols : étude des mécanismes de protection et compatibilité avec la végétation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10222.
Full textBoittin, Léa. "Modeling, analysis and simulation of two geophysical flows. Sediment transport and variable density flows." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS033.
Full textThe present thesis deals with the modeling and numerical simulation of complex geophysical flows. Two processes are studied: sediment transport, and variable density flows. For both flows, the approach is the same. In each case, a reduced vertically-averaged model is derived from the 3D Navier-Stokes equations by making a specific asymptotic analysis. The models verify stability properties. Attention is paid to preserving these properties at the discrete level, in particular the entropy stability. The behavior of both models is illustrated numerically. Concerning the sediment transport model, the sediment layer is first studied alone. Then, a coupled sediment-water model is presented and simulated. The influence of a viscosity term in the model for the sediment layer is investigated. Due to this viscosity term, the sediment flux is non-local. A transport threshold is added to the model. The water layer is modeled by the Shallow Water equations. Adding some non-locality to the model allows to simulate dune growth and propagation. In the variable density flow model, the density is a function of one or several tracers such as temperature and salinity. The model derivation consists in removing the dependence of the density on the pressure. A layer-averaged formulation of the model is proposed, which is subsequently used to propose a numerical discretization. The numerical simulations emphasize the differences between this model and a model relying on the classical Boussinesq approximation
He, Ji. "Modèle numérique équivalent pour les propriétés hydro-mécaniques des roches fracturées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10038/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the use of the "Numerical Test System" for the determination of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractured rock masses. The thesis is composed of 7 chapters. The first chapter describes the objective of the thesis and briefly presents the previous studies conducted on fractured rock masses, with a particular focus on the Composite Element Method as weil as the estimation of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractured rocks. The second chapter presents the tools used in the thesis development, namely the finite element method, the composite element method, the coupling theory, the artificial neural network and the Monte Carlo Method. The third chapter presents the concept of the "Numerical Test System (NTS)" for determination of the equivalent hydraulic properties offractured rock. This method requires field data on dominating fractures. Chapters 4 and 5 present the determination of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties and the relevant REYs neglecting the seepage/stress coupling. The 6th chapter presents the determination of the equivalent hydraulic properties considering seepage/stress coupling. This Chapter also establishes a stress/permeability database for describing the relationship between stresses and the equivalent hydraulic property. The last chapter describes a procedure based on a combination of the implicit and explicit approaches for the analysis of a grravity dam. The eqivalent properties of the implicit method are determined using the NTS
Harang, Alice. "Modélisation numérique de la mise en suspension de sédiments cohésifs par instabilités de cisaillement." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0016/document.
Full textThis numerical study focuses on the behavior of the lutocline in a shear flow and aims to better understand the mechanism of resuspension of cohesive sediment. Mud flow, or mud partially consolidated, is modeled by an equivalent homogenous fluid miscible in water, with newtonian or viscoplastic rheology. A study of the hydrodynamics of this shear flow, stratified both in density and viscosity, is presented. Considering an initially laminar mud flow, the focus of the study is on the development of instabilities on the lutocline and the transition to a turbulent mixing layer. The specificity of this flow lies on the large viscosity of the mud and its threshold to be put in motion, when it presents a viscoplastic feature. A linear stability study assesses the influence of the various parameters of the flow, especially of density and viscosity stratification. The viscosity stratification slightly increases the growth rate of the instability for intermediate Reynolds numbers. Then, the non linear evolution of the flow is studied by using direct numerical simulations, viscous stratification leading to a thicker mixing layer. At last, direct numerical simulations based on a Bingham regularized model, permits to study the influence of the critical strain on the development of the instability
DI, MARTINO Bernard. "Contribution à l'étude mathématique et à la simulation numérique des écoulements des fluides géophysiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pascal Paoli, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007931.
Full textBosco, Mickael. "Etude du sillage stratifié d'un cylindre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4737/document.
Full textAn experimental study has been delineated of a stratified wake of a circular cy- linder in order to describe the effect of the tilt and of the stratification on the 3D instabilities of the wake. Principally, four unstable modes have been figured out.These results highlight the fact that the stratification strongly modifies the transition from a 2D to a 3D flow in a cylinder wake, with the presence of new unstable modes. The tilt of the cylinder with respect to the vertical plays a major role, such that a study limited to a vertical or a horizontal cylinder misses a lot of the rich dynamics of the tilted wake
Albagnac, Julie. "Dynamique tridimensionnelle de dipôles tourbillonnaires en eau peu profonde." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2010. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9847/1/Albagnac_9847.pdf.
Full textIskandar, Antoine. "Caractérisation de l'espace poreux de roches sédimentaires par l'étude d'équilibres capillaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569140.
Full textFigoureux, Karine. "Coefficients de diffusion dans la convection de fluides géophysiques hétérogènes : application à l'air nuageux et à l'eau de mer." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-241.pdf.
Full textMosbeux, Cyrille. "Quantification des processus responsables de l’accélération des glaciers émissaires par méthodes inverses." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI085/document.
Full textThe current global warming has direct consequences on ice-sheet mass loss. Reproducing the responsible mechanisms and forecasting the potential ice-sheets contribution to 21st century sea level rise is one of the major challenges in ice-sheet and ice flow modelling. Ice flow models are now routinely used to forecast the potential ice-sheets contribution to sea level rise. Such short term simulations are very sensitive to model initial state, usually build from field observations. However, some parameters, such as the basal friction between icesheet and bedrock as well as the basal topography, are still badly known because of a lake of direct observations or large uncertainty on measurements. Improving the knowledge of these two parameters for Greenland and Antarctica is therefore a prerequisite for making reliable projections. Data assimilation and inverse methods have been developed in order to overcome this problem. This thesis presents two different assimilation algorithms to better constrain simulaneouslybasal friction and bedrock elevation parameters using surface observations. The first algorithm is entierly based on adjoint method while the second algorithm uses a cycling method coupling inversion of basal friction with adjoint method and inversion of bedrock topography with nudging method. Both algorithms have been implemented in the finite element ice sheet and ice flow model Elmer/Ice and tested in a twin experiment showing a clear improvement of both parameters knowledge. The application of both algorithms to regions such as the Wilkes Land in Antartica reduces the uncertainty on basal conditions, for instance providing more details to the bedrock geometry when compared to usual DEM. Moreover,the reconstruction of both bedrock elevation and basal friction significantly decreases ice flux divergence anomalies when compared to classical methods where only friction is inversed. We finaly sudy the impact of such inversion on pronostic simulation in order to compare the efficiency of the two algorithms to better constrain future ice-sheet contribution to sea level rise
Hugot, Alexandre. "Modélisation des écoulements gravitaires catastrophiques par une approche objet dynamique : érosion, transport, dépôt." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066567.
Full textNavas, Nunez Rafael. "Modélisation hydrologique distribuée des crues en région Cévennes-Vivarais : impact des incertitudes liées à l'estimation des précipitations et à la paramétrisation du modèle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU025/document.
Full textIt is known that having a precipitation observation system at high space - time resolution is crucial to obtain good results in rainfall - runoff modeling. Radar is a tool that offers quantitative precipitation estimates with very good resolution. When it is merged with a rain gauge network the advantages of both systems are achieved. However, radars estimates have different uncertainties than those obtained with the rain gauge. In the modeling process, uncertainty of precipitation interacts with uncertainty of the hydrological model. The objective of this work is: To study methods used to quantify the uncertainty in radar – raingauge merge precipitation estimation and uncertainty in hydrological modeling, in order to develop a methodology for the analysis of their individual contributions in the uncertainty of rainfall - runoff estimation.The work is divided in two parts, the first one evaluates: How the uncertainty of radar precipitation estimation can be quantified? To address the question, the geostatistical approach by Kriging with External Drift (KED) and Stochastic Generation of Precipitation was used, which allows to model the spatio - temporal structure of errors. The method was applied in the Cévennes - Vivarais region (France), where there is a very rich observation system. The second part explains: How can it be quantified the uncertainty of the hydrological simulation coming from the radar precipitation estimates and hydrological modeling process? In this point, the hydrological mesoscale computation tool was developed; it is distributed hydrological software in time continuous, within the basis of the Curve Number and the Unit Hydrograph. It was applied in 20 spatio-temporal resolutions ranging from 10 to 300 km2 and 1 to 6 hours in the Ardèche (~ 1971 km2) and the Gardon (1810 km2) basins. After a sensitivity analysis, the model was simplified with 4 parameters and the uncertainty of the chain of process was analyzed: 1) Precipitation estimation; 2) Hydrological modeling; and 3) Rainfall - runoff estimation, by using the coefficient of variation of the simulated flow.It has been shown that KED is a method that provides the standard deviation of the precipitation estimation, which can be transformed into a stochastic estimation of the local error. In the chain of processes: 1) Uncertainty in precipitation estimation increases with decreasing spatio-temporal scale, and its effect is attenuated by hydrological modeling, probably due by storage and transport properties of the basin; 2) The uncertainty of hydrological modeling depends on the simplification of hydrological processes and not on the surface of the basin; 3) Uncertainty in rainfall - runoff treatment is the result of the amplified combination of precipitation and hydrologic modeling uncertainties
Audebert, Marine. "Développement d'une méthode de contrainte des modèles hydrodynamiques par une stratégie d'analyse des données géophysiques ERT : Application aux écoulements de lixiviat dans les massifs de déchets." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU011/document.
Full textIn France, approximately 25% of the total amount of collected household waste is stored in municipal solid waste landfills (MSWL). To reduce their impact on the environment, the bioreactor concept was studied and tested for more than a decade in Europe. This concept is based on leachate reinjection, which consists in collecting leachate at the bottom of the waste deposit cell and reinjecting it underneath the landfill cover. The optimization of leachate distribution requires tools to design leachate injection systems (LIS) and to assess volumes and flow rates for the reinjection. To design LIS and to improve the understanding of leachate flow in the waste medium, a subsurface flow modelling procedure may be considered. Hydrodynamic models are based on a conceptual approach to represent the porous medium and a mathematical model to describe flow. To simulate an infiltration into a porous medium, the assessment of the hydrodynamic parameters included in the mathematical equations of the model is required. Thus, additional information is needed to constrain hydrodynamic models and to assess hydrodynamic parameters.This thesis focused on the use of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method to constrain hydrodynamic models at the landfill scale. Indeed, many studies have shown that this geophysical method is suitable to study leachate reinjection into the waste landfills. However, this geophysical method does not allow ERT users to directly measure water content and to assess hydrodynamic parameters. In the literature, several authors proposed constraint methods of hydrodynamic models from ERT measurements, based on the use of Archie's law. To avoid the use of this relationship, which seems to be inappropriate for heterogeneous media such as waste, we found relevant to use the infiltration shape obtained on the ERT results to constrain hydrodynamic models.Thus, the aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of leachate flow by proposing a constraint method of hydrodynamic models using the infiltration shape extracted from ERT measurements.This thesis was divided into three successive steps corresponding to each part of the manuscript. The first part corresponds to a bibliographic study concerning the ERT method and hydrodynamic modelling. The second part aimed at proposing an interpretation methodology to delimitate an infiltration area from the ERT measurements. The third part allowed us to develop a constraint method of hydrodynamic models using the infiltration delimitation obtained from the ERT measurements with the methodology developed in the second part
Anquez, Pierre. "Correction et simplification de modèles géologiques par frontières : impact sur le maillage et la simulation numérique en sismologie et hydrodynamique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0069/document.
Full textNumerical geological models help to understand the spatial organization of the subsurface. They are also designed to perform numerical simulations to study or predict the rocks physical behavior. The internal structures of geological models are commonly discretized using meshes to solve the physical governing equations. The quality of the meshes can be, however, considerably degraded due to the mismatch between, on the one hand, the geometry and the connectivity of the geological objects to be discretized and, on the other hand, the constraints imposed on number, shape and size of the mesh elements. As a consequence, it may be desirable to modify a geological model in order to generate good quality meshes that allow realization of reliable physical simulations in a reasonable amount of time. In this thesis, I developed strategies for repairing and simplifying 2D geological models, with the goal of easing mesh generation and simulation of physical processes on these models. I propose tools to detect model elements that do not meet the specified validity and level of detail requirements. I present a method to repair and simplify geological cross-sections locally, thus limiting the extension of modifications. This method uses operations to edit both the geometry and the connectivity of the geological model features. Two strategies are thus explored: geometric modifications (local enlargements of the layer thickness) and topological modifications (deletions of small components and local fusions of thin layers). These editing operations produce a model on which it is possible to generate a mesh and to realize numerical simulations more efficiently. But the simplifications of geological models inevitably lead to the modification of the numerical simulation results. To compare the advantages and disadvantages of model simplifications on the physical simulations, I present three applications of the method: (1) the simulation of seismic wave propagation on a cross-section within the Lorraine coal basin, (2) the site effects evaluation related to the seismic wave amplifications in the basin of the lower Var river valley, and (3) the simulation of fluid flows in a fractured porous medium. I show that (1) it is possible to use the physical simulation parameters, like the seismic resolution, to constrain the magnitude of the simplifications and to limit their impact on the numerical simulations, (2) my method of model simplification is able to drastically reduce the computation time of numerical simulations (up to a factor of 55 in the site effects case study) while preserving an equivalent physical response, and (3) the results of numerical simulations can be changed depending on the simplification strategy employed (in particular, changing the connectivity of a fracture network can lead to a modification of fluid flow paths and overestimation or underestimation of the quantity of produced resources)
Le, Reun Thomas. "Régimes asymptotiques des écoulements en rotation excités par forçage mécanique dans les noyaux planétaires : saturation turbulente et organisation à grande échelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0322.
Full textThe present thesis explores the turbulent flows induced by tidal interaction in planetary cores. In particular, we focus on the saturation of the elliptical instabilities induced by the effect of planetary rotation and tidal deformation. Such instabilities arise for instance when the rotation rate of the tidal bulge and the planet differ and lead to the exponential growth of inertial waves. Similar resonances are also excited when tidal interactions induce harmonic modulation of the planetary rotation rate called "libration." The saturation of the elliptical instability is first investigated experimentally via the forcing the libration of an ellipsoid filled with water. We find two saturation regimes: at low forcing amplitude, the saturation flow is a superposition of inertial waves in non-linear, triadic resonant interaction, a state called "wave turbulence." At larger forcing amplitude, the saturation flow is dominated by a strong geostrophic mean flow. With a numerical and theoretical study, we find that the transition between these two regimes is due to an instability of finite amplitude inertial waves. Furthermore, we explore the saturation of the elliptical instability with an idealised, local cartesian model. We retrieve the two saturation regimes found in the experiment and give a detail account of their spatial and temporal content. The local model also allows exploring the behaviour of these two saturation regimes in the geophysical limit. Lastly, a last study is targeted at the elliptical instability in stratified planetary cores. We find that internal waves are excited by tidal interaction and also saturate into inertial wave turbulence
Munier, Simon. "Modélisation intégrée des écoulements pour la gestion en temps réel d'un bassin versant anthropisé." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525756.
Full textVenaille, Antoine. "Mélange et circulation océanique : une approche par la physique statistique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347063.
Full textEssouayed, Elyess. "Développement d'une stratégie de localisation d'une source de contaminants en nappe : mesures innovantes et modélisation inverse." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30006/document.
Full textContaminated sites management and remediation can be complex and require a significant investment to locate the contaminant source, which delivers the higher pollutant mass fluxes. The study proposes a strategy for contaminant source localisation using in situ measurement and inverse modelling. First, an innovative tool was developed to measure groundwater velocity in a well. The developed tool called DVT (Direct Velocity Tool) made it possible to measure a low Darcy flux. Laboratory and field tests were performed with the DVT and compared to other velocity measurement tools. By combining the DVT with a local concentration measurement, it is possible to calculate the mass fluxes passing through wells. Then the thesis present the inverse modeling used for source localisation and parameters estimation. The study was done on two synthetics cases using the non-linear optimisation method. To adapt the method to a real management of polluted sites, an iterative strategy is developed by imposing a limited addition of new observations to each modeling phase. This strategy is base on the Data Worth approach. Source localisation results on the two synthetic cases made it possible to judge the method applicability to a real site problem. The source localisation strategy is then applied to a real site with (i) mass flux measurement with velocities (DVT) and concentrations and (ii) inverse modeling. The modeling phases made it possible to locate the new wells and helped the source localisation. Nevertheless, by analysing the results more precisely, the hydraulic conductivity field estimated by the optimisation did not correspond to reality. In addition, contaminant mass fluxes highlightes two distinct zones of flux. By analysing the pollutant ratio of the site, it appears that two plumes are potentially present. Thus, another inverse modeling phase has been tested (i) to locate the two potential sources and (ii) to estimate the chemistry of the site. Results of the strategy were compared to the geoprobe campaign which confirmed the second source location
Allègre, Vincent. "Couplages électrocinétiques en milieux poreux non-saturés." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872163.
Full textGrisouard, Nicolas. "Réflexions et réfractions non-linéaires d'ondes de gravité internes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00540608.
Full textToussaint, Renaud. "Quelques contributions en mécanique de milieux poreux déformables, mélanges solides et fluides : Fractures, liquéfaction, avalanches et déformations lentes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816311.
Full textNoir, Jerome. "Ecoulements d'un fluide dans une cavité en précession : approches numérique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745620.
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