Relevant bibliographies by topics / ECOWAS

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'ECOWAS'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "ECOWAS"

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Varela, Danilson, Filipa Monteiro, Patrícia Vidigal, Luís Silva, and Maria M. Romeiras. "Mechanisms Implemented for the Sustainable Development of Agriculture: An Overview of Cabo Verde Performance." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 5855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145855.

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In 2005, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) adopted the Common Agricultural Policy of ECOWAS (ECOWAP), as an instrument for implementing the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP). The main goals of ECOWAP/CAADP were set to promote agriculture development and end hunger by 2025. In this study we focused on the Cabo Verde archipelago as one of the best performing countries within ECOWAS in terms of overall sustainable development. In this paper, the evolution of the ECOWAP implementation and of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) associated with agriculture in Cabo Verde, were assessed by semi-quantitative (e.g., agricultural policies, agrarian periodical literature) and quantitative (modeling regression of ECOWAP implementation and Sustainable Development Goals—SDGs—performance) analyses. Our integrated results suggest that the agriculture development strategies, the signature of ECOWAP/CAADP by the national government, and political stability might explain the progress made towards poverty reduction and the improvement of food security. The results also show that agriculture-related SDGs in Cabo Verde are higher than the mean values obtained from the remaining West African countries, well above the top 25% WA countries. Nevertheless, Cabo Verde public expenditure into agriculture under the ECOWAP was generally below the targeted 10% of the national budget, with food import required to meet internal food demands.
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Joshua, Segun, Thaddeus T. Ityonzughul, and Gloria Obioma Amoke. "Ecowas and the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia." Kampala International University Interdisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (December 9, 2020): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/kijhus-2020-1-3-04.

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This study explores the role of ECOWA in the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia. The 2016 election was surprisingly won by the leader of an opposition coalition; Adama Barrow. Barrow defeated Yayha Jammeh, who had already won consecutively four previous presidential elections. This marked the terminal point of Jammeh’s 20-years rule of Gambia, marred with human rights abuses. Jammeh initially conceded defeat but later changed his mind after a week, thus triggering a major political conflict. For months, he made incessant desperate attempts to cling to power, before finally leaving the country on 21 January 2017, when it appeared he would be removed by force. Indeed, different stakeholders including the ECOWAS played a vital role for ensuring peace in Gambia. In this connection, this study discusses exclusively the roles of ECOWAS in mitigating the conflict under consideration. With extant literature and oral sources backed with the realist conflict theory, the paper traces the historical foundations of the ECOWAS and electoral conflict in Gambia. It emphasizes the roles the organization has played in mitigating the post-2016 electoral conflict in the Country. The study reveals that ECOWAS was able to restore civil rule and peace in the country by threatening the use of force. ECOWAS enjoyed the support of both African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN). The two organizations gave ECOWAS the much needed support. This conflict resolution in the Gambia was termed the African solution to African problems. Hence this study recommends among others that ECOWAS should continue to act as the regional defender because the numerous conflicts in the region are indeed African problems and should therefore be tackled by Africans themselves.
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Ebobrah, Solomon T. "The Preliminary Reference Procedure of the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice: Why Would the Courts Not Play?" African Journal of International and Comparative Law 32, no. 3 (August 2024): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2024.0497.

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In what can generally be described as mimicry of the design and functioning of the preliminary reference procedure in the European Union legal framework, leaders of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) introduced the preliminary reference procedure into the ECOWAS legal framework in a 2015 revision of the Protocol of the ECOWAS Court. However, unlike the European equivalent which has been hailed as a tremendous success, the procedure has been a monumental failure in the ECOWAS framework, as not a single reference has emanated from any national court to the ECOWAS Court in the 17 years since the introduction of the procedure. Adopting a doctrinal research approach, this article explores why national courts of ECOWAS Member States are not likely to cooperate with the ECOWAS Court to successfully operationalise the procedure. It is argued that structural challenges as well as the absence of the enabling environment create nearly insurmountable obstacles to the functioning of the procedure in the ECOWAS framework.
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Olure Bank Adeyinka, Ayodeji Salihu, John Aiyedogbon, and Gbadebo Salako. "Intra-manufacturing export performance among ecowas member state." Journal of Management and Science 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.13.2.

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The study examined role economic integration and trade facilitation in promoting manufacturing export among ECOWAS member states The objectives of the study were achieved using descriptive, statistical and econometric analyses of annual data covering the period 2015 – 2020. The descriptive analysis helped in assessing the level of economic integration among ECOWAS member states. The econometric analyses were use examine the effect of economic integration on trade facilitation as well as the role of trade facilitation and economic integration in promoting manufacturing exports among ECOWAS member states. The findings reveal the level of trade facilitation in ECOWAS is below world average. That is ECOWAS member states has higher bureaucratic processes with greater costs of exporting/importing. Furthermore, results from econometric analyses reveal economic integration can significantly help in promoting manufacturing exports among ECOWAS member states. Again, economic integration and trade facilitation can significantly influence manufacturing exports across ECOWAS member states, while manufacturing production had direct and significant impact on manufacturing exports. Some policy recommendations that would help to facilitate trade flow to improve manufacturing exports across ECOWAS member states were recommended.
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Nwali, Collins Sunday, Oguntade Adegboyega Eyitayo, Mafimisebi Taiwo Ejiola, and Obisesan Adekemi Adebisola. "Effects of Economic Partnership Agreements Between Ecowas and the EU on Trade, Revenue and Welfare of Agricultural Trade of Ecowas Bloc." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (May 5, 2022): 642–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i4.642-656.4720.

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This study examined the Effects of Economic Partnership Agreements between ECOWAS and the EU on Trade, Revenue and Welfare of Agricultural trade of ECOWAS bloc. The specific objectives of the study were to:(i) estimate the potential trade creation and diversion effects of EPA on agricultural trade of ECOWAS bloc, (ii) estimate the potential revenue effects of EPA on agricultural trade of ECOWAS bloc and (iii) estimate the potential welfare effects of EPA on agricultural trade of ECOWAS bloc. World Integrated Trade Solutions provided access to an online secondary data as classified by United Nations Harmonized system. The result on the potential trade creation and diversion effects of EPA on both trading blocs showed that ECOWAS will gain US$198.9million in trade creation and lose US$58.4 million in Trade Diversion. On the other hand, there will be no trade creation for EU with negligible trade diversion of – US$0.2million. The result showed total potential tariff revenue losses of US$366.4million for ECOWAS bloc post EPA. On the other hand, EU will lose (US$951.8million) its agricultural products post EPA. The result further showed potential welfare gain of US$27.6million for consumers of ECOWAS bloc. On the other hand, there will be welfare gain of the EU at US$243.5million for their consumers post EPA. Among all the recommendations, the study therefore points out that the on-going EPA negotiations between ECOWAS and the EU need not to be hurriedly signed by ECOWAS bloc. Also, ECOWAS needs to strengthen its agricultural production efficiency to be able to compete globally and encourage its individual countries to return to a single digit borrowing interest rate to encourage more investment by local agricultural producers if they want to enjoy the benefits of trade treaties at long run if EPA is eventually signed.
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Ibrahim, Kehinde. "The Puzzling Paradox Presented within the African Supranational Judicial Institutions: The ECOWAS Court of Justice." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 28, Supplement (November 2020): 86–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2020.0333.

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The judgments of the ECOWAS Court, which are final and immediately binding, are vital for the realisation of ECOWAS aims and objectives. The enforcement of its judgments is particularly important in the case of individuals whose enjoyment of fundamental human rights, as guaranteed under the ECOWAS Community laws, is dependent on effective enforcement. Yet, an existential puzzling paradox emanates through a poor record in the implementation of the ECOWAS Court's judgments. This problem, which is not limited to the West African region deserves scrutiny and concrete proposals. Legal and political considerations surface in assessing the existence of this paradox, and despite the lack of a consistent political will, to implement the decisions of ECOWAS Court relevant judicial actors have roles to play. National courts could take a bolder approach in complementing the work of the ECOWAS Court. The ECOWAS Court itself could put in place concrete mechanisms and adopt certain practices to address this poor record of non-implementation. It is yet to be seen how substantive mechanisms would work in practice.
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Adeyinka, Olure-Bank, Mustapha Muktar, Saheed Zakaree, Alexander Abraham, and Alfa Yakubu. "Impact of trade facilitation on intra-manufacturing export among ECOWAS member states." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 11, no. 6 (February 29, 2024): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v11i6.28466.

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This study investigates the effects of trade facilitation policies on intra-manufacturing exports among ECOWAS member states. Utilizing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) linear model, this research analyzes data from 2015–2020 for the ECOWAS member states. The findings reveal that trade facilitation policies in the ECOWAS region fall below the global average. This discrepancy is primarily due to the extensive bureaucratic processes in the region, leading to increased costs for exporting and importing goods. Consequently, there is a significant need for trade facilitation to enhance intra-manufacturing exports within ECOWAS. Based on these insights, the study recommends several policy interventions to improve trade flow and bolster intra-manufacturing exports in the ECOWAS region. These include a stronger commitment to trade agreements among ECOWAS member states, the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) to streamline trade processes and reduce bureaucratic delays associated with document processing for exports and imports, the strengthening of institutional frameworks within the member states, and the formulation of policies aimed at increasing industrialization levels to enhance manufacturing exports throughout the ECOWAS region.
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Bokeriya, Svetlana, and Gbaa Emmanuella Nguevese. "ECOWAS peacekeeping missions and their effects on West African nations." Международные отношения, no. 3 (March 2024): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2024.3.71338.

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The relevance of the research is determined by the increased role of regional actors in peacekeeping on the African continent. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is spearheading efforts to promote peace and security throughout the West African region. Through its peacekeeping and conflict resolution activities, ECOWAS has contributed greatly in shaping the policies of West African states. The object of the research is ECOWAS peacekeeping missions in West Africa. The subject of the research is ECOWAS peacekeeping. The aim of this article is to examine the ECOWAS peacekeeping missions in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau and the Gambia, their mandates, achievements, challenges and problems. The objectives of the article are to compare ECOWAS peacekeeping missions in terms of their impact and role in shaping the future of West Africa, and to assess the challenges and problems faced by ECOWAS in improving the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the authors' endeavor to characterize, using a wide range of sources and academic literature, the ECOWAS peacekeeping missions and their impact on West African countries. The methodological basis of the article is the system approach, which is based on the consideration of the object as a holistic set of interrelated elements. Based on an institutional analysis of ECOWAS peacekeeping in West Africa and a comparative analysis of conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau and the Gambia, the authors conclude that ECOWAS continues to be a leader in ensuring peace and stability in Africa and its experience, mechanisms and instruments for crisis resolution in West Africa can be used not only to resolve existing conflicts but also to prevent the emergence of new ones on the African continent.
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Dada, Eme A., and Adegoke I. Adeleke. "An Empirical Analysis of Integration and Intra-Regional Trade in ECOWAS." Journal of African Development 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.17.1.0095.

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This study examines integration and intra-regional trade in ECOWAS. It focuses on the benefit of common policies within ECOWAS and their implications for intra-regional trade among member countries. The study utilizes a gravity model that is modified to reflect economic features of ECOWAS. Findings of the research show that economic size and common language are the major drivers of intra-regional trade in ECOWAS. Specifically, it indicates that real GDP, population size, openness and language positively influence intra-regional trade while distance was found to be negatively related to intra-ECOWAS trade. Deepening economic and cultural integration is recommended to maximize the enormous gains accruable from increased intra-regional trade.
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Chuma-Okoro, Helen. "The Nigerian Constitution, the ecowas Treaty and the Judiciary: Interplay of Roles in the Constitutionalisation of Free Trade." Global Journal of Comparative Law 4, no. 1 (April 17, 2015): 43–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00401002.

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This paper discusses the Nigerian Constitution and the ecowas Treaty to determine whether and how they support free trade as envisioned in the Treaty, and the role of the judiciary in the realisation of this objective. Focusing on the ecowas Community Court and Nigerian superior courts vested with jurisdiction over constitutional matters, it argues that specific constitutional norms and policies of Nigeria inhibit the realisation of the objectives of free trade as constitutionalised in the ecowas Treaty. Relying on the principles of direct applicability and direct effect, and the arguments developed around these principles in relation to the obligations of State parties to treaties, it argues further that Community law should be applicable in national jurisdictions and enforced by national courts. Thus, Nigerian courts and the ecowas Community Court both have jurisdiction to arbitrate matters arising from national laws and policies having the effect of inhibiting the ecowas objectives of free trade. It concludes that while the ecowas and Nigerian frameworks support the interplay of roles in the adjudication and enforcement of ecowas norms, this would depend on the extent to which some of the constitutional and policy constraints in question are addressed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ECOWAS"

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Madichie, Nnamdi O. "Customs unions theory and the ECOWAS experience." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2002. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19996/.

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The study traces the evolution of West African economic integration efforts, leading up to the formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The original Lagos Treaty of 1975 is reviewed against the background of its revised 1993 Abuja version under the framework of the Customs Unions theory. This study is undertaken to ascertain the consistency of regional integration theory with the stated objectives of ECOWAS. It questions, for example, whether the Customs Unions theory and its welfare effects could actually explain the experience of regional integration of West Africa in general, and within ECOWAS in particular. In other words, the critical success factors and/or moderating influences in ECOWAS are examined against the background of the Community's objectives as set out in its two Treaties. The study also benefits from a wide range of discussions on different political and economic bases for regional integration theory: functionalism, neofunctionalism, federalism and intergovernmentalism and their relevance to ECOWAS. Strange enough, while these 'isms' are demonstrated to be inconsistent with ECOWAS objectives having dwelt more on regional integration efforts in Europe, no other study on West African integration has examined ECOWAS along these lines. The experience of ECOWAS is made against the backdrop of Customs Unions within Africa, such as the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADCC); and others outside Africa in regions like the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) and the South American Customs Union (MERCOSUR). One emerging pattern of such comparison reveals that ECOWAS has wavered from its stated objectives in favour of the static principles of customs unions theory and consequently been unable to improve its record on the welfare levels of contracting states. The implication of such departures from its original objectives is that market inter-penetration and intra-regional trade within ECOWAS has neither yielded the desired welfare gains nor improved levels of industrialisation, sustained growth and economic development. It is safe to conclude, therefore, that despite considerable efforts at achieving regional economic integration in ECOWAS, the result has been dismal largely as a result of applying unrealistic models of customs unions theory to the West African situation. It is therefore posited that the process of regional economic integration in other parts of the world and particularly in Europe, are not readily applicable in the West African context, where the economic, political and institutional foundations are not only grossly dissimilar but largely at variance.
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Vargová, Soňa. "Vplyv čínskych investícií na vzťahy ECOWAS a EÚ." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75578.

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This thesis is devoted to analyzing the impact of Chinese investments in the region of West Africa on relations between ECOWAS and European Union. The first chapter characterizes Community of West African States - geographically, demographically and especially in the area of macroeconomics. Following chapter focuses itself on relations of PRC and ECOWAS. Particular attention is paid to foreign direct investments, which is China realizing in the area. ECOWAS relations with the European Union and the changes that have occurred in recent years are described in the third chapter of the thesis. A separate section describes the Economic Partnership Agreements. The conclusion represents the analysis of changes in trade relations between ECOWAS and the EU.
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Eriksson, Lisa. "ECOWAS fredsinsats i Liberia : En folkrättsenlig eller folkrättsstridig intervention?" Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-735.

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Olika frågor och problematik kring reglerna för intervention samt samspelet mellan regionala organisationer och FN utgör stommen i denna uppsats. Syftet är att utreda om ECOWAS fredsinsats i Liberia (1990-1997) var en folkrättsenlig intervention. Då insatsen hade dels fredsbevarande, dels tvingande inslag samt möjligen kunde ses som en humanitär intervention är huvuduppgiften att utreda om ECOWAS hade ett sådant samtycke som krävs för fredsbevarande insatser, om ECOWAS hade fått ett bemyndigande av säkerhetsrådet enligt art 53 i FN-stadgan för den tvingande delen av insatsen samt om insatsen kunde karaktäriseras som en humanitär intervention.

Det framkommer att det som är viktigast i utredningen i förhållande till dessa frågor är huruvida ECOWAS kunde grunda sitt ingripande på Liberias regerings samtycke allena, om retroaktiva bemyndigande av säkerhetsrådet är giltiga samt om det har utvecklats tillräcklig praxis och opinio juris för att rättfärdiga humanitära interventioner av regionala organisationer som sedvanerätt.

Analysen visar att samtliga dessa frågor måste besvaras nekande, i varje fall i ett inledande skede. ECOWAS insats i Liberia var således till en början en folkrättsstridig intervention. Det utesluter dock inte att den kan ses som en föregångare för humanitära interventioner. Bland annat positiva reaktioner från omvärlden tyder även på att den kan komma att spela en viss roll i utvecklingen för det framtida samarbetet mellan regionala organisationer och FN.

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Francis, David J. "The Politics of Economic Regionalism: Sierra Leone in ECOWAS." Ashgate, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3064.

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The primary objective of this book is to provide an analytical understanding of the nature, dynamics and complexity of the politics of economic regionalism through the prism of Sierra Leone in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The book also discusses the following issues: the evolution of economic regionalism in West Africa and the conceptual framework for analysis; the expansion of the economic regionalism; developments within the West Africa sub-region with that of the transformation of the global economy and international political system; political, economic and security developments within ECOWAS; and the civil war in Sierra Leone.
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Ezekwesili, Chinweuba E. "Can the Monetary Integration of ECOWAS Improve Intra-Regional Trade?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/279.

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A gravity model is used to evaluate the effects of currency union on intra-regional trade of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) member states. The panel data used includes bilateral observations for fourteen years spanning 1994 through 2006 for 16 countries. Controlling for determinants and deterrents of trade, I find the presence of a currency union three times as likely to increase intra-regional trade between ECOWAS member countries. In addition, I find that the effect on trade creation has been steadily falling since 1994.
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Soremi, Titilayo. "Narrating policy transfer : renewable energy and disaster risk reduction in ECOWAS." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34580.

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The thesis contributes to the policy transfer literature through the examination of narratives presented by policy actors engaged in policy transfer. The actors’ policy narratives are analysed through the application of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF). With the use of the NPF, the research investigates the portrayal of narrative elements, including, setting, character, plot, and moral, by the transfer actors, in depicting their perception of the transfer process and object, and of the other actors involved in the policy transfer. The investigation is aimed at having a better understanding of factors that facilitate the occurrence of policy transfer i.e. transfer mechanisms, such as, conditionality, obligation, and persuasion, and how they manifest and drive the transfer process. To examine how policy narratives may inform the manifestation of transfer mechanisms, the research studies two cases of policy transfer involving international governmental organisations (IGOs) as transfer agents. These are i) the transfer of renewable energy policy by the European Union to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and ii) the transfer of disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy by the United Nations International Strategy for DRR (UNISDR) to ECOWAS. The thesis argues that the mechanisms of conditionality and persuasion were involved in the transfer of renewable energy policy, while the mechanism of obligation can be observed in the transfer of DRR policy. It further argues that the portrayals of the narrative setting, character, plot and moral, in the policy narratives of the transfer agents and recipient, shaped the manifestation of these transfer mechanisms. The application of the NPF to the two case studies enabled the identification and association of different policy narrative elements that will likely characterise specific transfer mechanisms. In addition, the study highlights the opportunity of broadening policy transfer research beyond a limited geographical reach, through covering two instances of policy transfer to a region in sub-Sahara Africa. It also broadens the group of actors that are often studied in the literature by considering policy transfers initiated and led by IGOs.
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Darboe, Ndey Ramou. "REGIONAL SECURITY ANALYSIS : ECOWAS AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS IN THE GAMBIA." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78750.

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Yakubu, Nansata. "The ECOWAS Parliament as a tool for conflict prevention in West Africa." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59194/.

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This thesis seeks to examine the effectiveness of the ECOWAS Parliament in conflict prevention in West Africa. From a holistic perspective, it also discusses the emergence of regional parliaments and specifically analyses their contribution to conflict prevention. This thesis is the first to assess how the ECOWAS Parliament attempts to prevent conflict in West Africa and how effective this has been. It presents the argument that, bodies such as the ECOWAS-P which are mandated as the legislative organs in a region otherwise noted for protracted conflicts play a crucial role in preventing conflict. The study employed participant observation (specifically in the ECOWAS-P), case study methods, elite interviews, parliamentary and archival research. The thesis greatest contribution lie in undertaking an institutionalist approach to conflict prevention and drawing from public administration developed and applied a performance management tool to help assess how the ECOWAs-P has succeeded at this task. It finds that with no provision made for the parliament in the regional conflict prevention mechanism, it has had to employ normative initiatives to be relevant in conflict prevention. The research exposes that the lack of a universal suffrage mode of election of EMPs emphasises its democratic deficit. The thesis concludes that, the ECOWAS-P as a new institution provided under the revised treaty of 1993 is increasingly gaining more responsibility as a body for conflict prevention and prospectively the enhancement of its powers by the draft supplementary act passed in December 2014 will help it in making binding laws.
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Cernicky, Jan. "Regionale Integration in Westafrika eine Analyse der Funktionsweise von ECOWAS und UEMOA." Bonn Manama New York, NY Florianópolis Scientia Bonnensis, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990850846/04.

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Gandois, H. N. A. "The emergence of regional security organisations : a comparative study on ECOWAS and SADC." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:82c09a8b-6a13-45dc-b017-a89ceaaea7f8.

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The emergence of regional security organisations during the 1990s in Africa proved to be of great significance for the lives of many Africans, including those living in conflict-torn countries such as Liberia, Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire or the Democratic Republic of Congo, but, at the same time, this phenomenon has been understudied. This dissertation explores why regional security organisations with an agenda of democratic governance emerged in Africa in the 1990s. This question is answered with two in-depth case studies on the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Driven by an empirical puzzle, this study is both hypothesis-testing and hypothesis generating. The study starts by laying out the different possible factors put forward by several bodies of theory in international relations to explain the emergence of ECOWAS and SADC as security organisations. These hypotheses are then tested throughout the history and the evolution of ECOWAS and SADC in order to highlight the circumstances of their creation and their qualified failure as economic communities. This is followed by a comparative analysis of the security and democracy mandates entrusted to ECOWAS and SADC by its member states based on the study of the legal texts that outline the specific objectives of each regional security organisation and the tools they were given to implement their mandates. The study finally analyses the implementation records of ECOWAS and SADC in order to assess the commitment of their member states to their new democracy and security mandate. The research concludes with the two following hypotheses: 1) A security agenda cannot emerge without the involvement of the regional hegemon. 2) What the regional hegemon can do, including affecting the speed of the transformation, is constrained by the acceptance of its leadership by its neighbours (legitimacy) and by state weakness (capability).
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Books on the topic "ECOWAS"

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. ECOWAS Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8.

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Economic Community of West African States., ed. Ten years of ECOWAS. Lagos: The Community, 1985.

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Secretariat, Nigeria Federal Department of Fisheries Project. ECOWAS fund accelerated artisanal fish. Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Dept. of Fisheries, Project Secretariat, 2000.

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Falana, Femi. ECOWAS court: Law and practice. Ojodu, Lagos [Nigeria]: Legaltext Pub. Co. Ltd., 2010.

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Affairs, Nigerian Institute of International. ECOWAS: Milestones in regional integration. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 2009.

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Oloruntimehin, B. Olatunji. Rebuilding ECOWAS on democratic principles. Ibadan: Development Policy Centre, 2000.

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Council, Nigerian Export Promotion, ed. Trade tariffs in ECOWAS countries. [Lagos]: The Council, 1991.

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Pattillo, Catherine, and Paul Masson. Monetary Union in West Africa (ECOWAS). Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781589060142.084.

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Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, ed. 40 years of ECOWAS: Summarized version. Abuja, Nigeria: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2015.

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D, Jebuni Charles, ed. International payments systems within ECOWAS countries. Accra-North. Ghana: Centre for Policy Analysis, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "ECOWAS"

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Aideyan, Osaore. "ECOWAS." In Handbook of International Trade Agreements, 348–58. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351046954-30.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. "Introduction." In ECOWAS Law, 1–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_1.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. "Free Movement of Persons and Right of Residence." In ECOWAS Law, 259–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_10.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. "Right of Establishment (Services) and Free Movement of Capital." In ECOWAS Law, 285–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_11.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. "Free Movement of Goods." In ECOWAS Law, 301–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_12.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. "Discrimination." In ECOWAS Law, 333–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_13.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. "Competition Policy." In ECOWAS Law, 347–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_14.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. "Sources of ECOWAS Law." In ECOWAS Law, 31–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_2.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. "Institutions of the Community." In ECOWAS Law, 53–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_3.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. "Terrorism, Conflicts and Legal Interventions." In ECOWAS Law, 103–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "ECOWAS"

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PRODJINOTHO, Ulrich Thierry, Patrice Koffi CHETANGNY, Marcaire AGBOMAHENA, Victor ZOGBOCHI, Mawuena MEDEWOU, Jacques AREDJODOUN, Hypolite J. H. HOUNNOU, Gerald BARBIER, and Didier CHAMAGNE. "energy demand and Supply aggregation for ECOWAS interconnected network." In 2024 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 01–05. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/powerafrica61624.2024.10759364.

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Danso, Sunkung, Silas Emovwodo, and Muhammad Saud. "Ecowas Common Trade Policy: Challenges And Opportunities – Gambia And Nigeria." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Research and Academic Community Services (ICRACOS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icracos-19.2020.11.

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Abodohoui, Alexis, Guihua Nie, and Pingfeng Liu. "Digital Commerce Assessment in West Africa: An ECOWAS Countries Data Analysis." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5576537.

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Ndiaye, Babacar, Daniela Ancuta Sarpe, and Cyril Manga. "Two Essential Elements for a Strong and Sustained Industry in the ECOWAS Area." In International Conference Risk in Contemporary Economy. Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/rce2067053264.

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Wole-Osho, Ifeoluwa, Olusola Bamisile, Humphrey Adun, and Ismaila Yusuf. "Comparison of renewable energy potential in relation to renewable energy policy in ECOWAS countries." In 2016 HONET-ICT. International Symposium on Smart MicroGrids for Sustainable Energy Sources Enabled by Photonics and IoT Sensors. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/honet.2016.7753441.

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"ECOWS 2011 Conference Organization." In 2011 IEEE 9th European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecows.2011.5.

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Di Chio, Cecilia, Riccardo Poli, and Paolo Di Chio. "EcoPS." In the 9th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277008.

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Zhou, Dongzhan, Xinchi Zhou, Wenwei Zhang, Chen Change Loy, Shuai Yi, Xuesen Zhang, and Wanli Ouyang. "EcoNAS: Finding Proxies for Economical Neural Architecture Search." In 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.01141.

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Ramírez-Gómez, Álvaro, Esperanza Ayuga, Ana García, José María Fuentes, and Francisco Ayuga. "ECOLAB-UPM AND ECODESIGN THINKING." In 14th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2020.1636.

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Viana, Janaina Da Fonseca, and Jean Michel dos Santos Menezes. "Ecobags de folhas de bananeira." In XXXII Congresso de Iniciação Científica. Manaus, Amazonas: Even3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/xxxii-congresso-de-iniciacao-cientifica-380957.760178.

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Reports on the topic "ECOWAS"

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Adkisson, Stephen. Integration in West Africa : an empirical examination of ECOWAS. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3268.

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Sopein-Mann, Oluwafunmike, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Medicines Regulation in West Africa: Current State and Opportu-nities. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317443.

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Ndomondo-Sigonda et al. (2017) observed that there is scarcity of information on human resources (person-nel devoted to regulation of medicines) in the domain of medicines regulation in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The published information on medicines regulation by the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region are no longer current and consistent with the current realities in the NMRAs. In order to reveal this occurrence, show the trends that exist over the years and make appropriate recommendations, data were collected and compared from 2005, 2010 and 2017 research reports on seven regulatory features of the fifteen Members States of ECOWAS. The re-sults show that there was missing information per regulatory feature and country. There was also an overall increasing trend in the number of NMRAs in the region that showed progress with respect to the measured regulatory features - Autonomy (Authority and Legal form), Marketing Authorization), GMP inspection, Quality Control, Quality Management System, Information Management System and Harmonization and International cooperation. People of Africa have a valuable story to tell as it relates to medicines regulation. This report is written by a West African from the perspective of a West African involved in the study and practice of medi-cines regulation by the NMRAs in the ECOWAS.
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Diop, Cheikh Ahmed, and Mustafa Yagci. Fragility and Development Challenges in IsDB Member Countries: The Case of Niger. Islamic Development Bank Institute, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/re24039.

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While the political and security-related challenges in West Africa have risen recently, the political turmoil that unfolded in Niger in July 2023 has raised more significant attention and concern globally. Niger’s strategic location at the intersection of North, West, and Central Africa (Figure 1), its mineral resources and its vast land of 1,267,000 km² ―the biggest among the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)― and its strong demographic growth are some of the reasons behind the interest for the political developments in Niger. However, the country’s situation is not isolated in Western Africa and the Sahel region. This article aims to shed light on Niger’s underlying economic challenges and how these are compounded by fragility. Furthermore, it analyzes the potential impacts of the recent political trouble on the country’s development prospects.
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Ama Pokuaa, Fenny, Aba Obrumah Crentsil, Christian Kwaku Osei, and Felix Ankomah Asante. Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.003.

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This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.
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Maske, Helmut, James L. Mueller, and Charles C. Trees. Ecohab: Hyperspectral Optical Properties of Red-Tide Blooms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629760.

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Gray, Kimberly, Gerald Hill, Patricia Berry, and David Riestenberg. Establishing an Early CO2 Storage Complex in Kemper County, Mississippi (ECO2S) Phase II Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1767444.

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Parisien, Lia. ECOS E-MATRIX Methane and Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) Emissions Best Practices Database. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1261808.

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Reyes Ortiz, Maria Ximena, and Sergio Enrique Ramírez Moreno. Proyecto de Alas Zagi AESS RACE Colombia y Proyecto DARDO vehículo eléctrico FIA. Escuela Tecnológica Instituto Técnico Central - ETITC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55411/2023.3.

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Dentro de los proyectos que se realizarán y se dará continuidad, en el convenio de proyectos de los Semillero de ECOS IEEE y Semillero de vehículos eléctricos SEVE, que son concursos de cohetería, robótica, drones, entre otros. El próximo semestre 2023-2 se realiza el concurso de drones de ala fija Alas Zagi Race Colombia.
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Zhang, Zhongfei. Real-Time Decision Support for Course of Action/Enemy Course of Action (COA/ECOA) Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441062.

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Vonk, Jaynie. Sustainable Water and Sanitation in DRC: Impact evaluation of the ‘Sustainable WASH in Fragile Contexts (SWIFT 1)’ project. Oxfam GB, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8717.

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Between April 2014 and March 2018, the SWIFT Consortium, led by Oxfam with Tearfund and ODI as members, carried out the 'SWIFT 1' project in DRC and Kenya to provide access to water and sanitation and to promote basic hygiene practices. In DRC, the consortium worked with implementing partners HYFRO, CEPROSSAN, and PPSSP in rural and semi-urban areas in three eastern provinces – North Kivu, South Kivu and Maniema. This Effectiveness Review evaluates the success of this project to increase the sustainability of water and sanitation systems and services. It focuses on measuring benefits attributable to additional activities the project carried out in rural areas, above and beyond the national ‘Villages et Ecoles Assainis’ (VEA) approach. Using a quasi-experimental evaluation design, impact is assessed among individuals and their households in intervention and comparison communities in Kirotshe and Mweso Health Zones in North Kivu. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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