Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Écrivains africains'
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Essono, Tsimi Eric. "Les processus psychosociaux à l'œuvre dans le développement de l'identité des écrivains migrants africains." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL014.
Full textDoes African literature exist? The answer to this complex issue has been addressed in different ways. Along this research, focused on how African migrants writers negotiate and manage their muliple and often-conflicting roots in their writing worlds. In which way do they articulate different « voices » when they both live and write in countries such as France, Switzerland and the United States ? Alain Mabanckou and Leonora Miano's works for example provide contrasted narratives in terms of positionings. This dissertation goes along with the growing field of African Studies which emphasizes on identity dynamics, postcolonial and cultural matters in litterature. Drawing on a dialogical and sociocultural perspective in psychology, our findings will contribute to a better understanding of identity dynamics for people facing multiple cultural references in contexts shaped by issues of art, power, and history. This research, conducted within the framework of Bakhtin’s dialogical principle, addresses the issues of African migrant writers and their works. Its interdisciplinary approach merges literary research with social psychology. The methodology is based upon the interpretative paradigm, and consists of the literary analysis of selected works, the study of the literary fact of migritude, and an analysis of the extensive verbatim accounts recorded in Western countries.Based on a corpus of important works and of interviews with major writers, it analyzes the Dialogical Self of African migrant writers either as an “I arena” or as a “polyphonic narrative” (Bakhtine, [1987] Valsiner, 2000 ; Hermans and Kempen, 2010). The self of migrant writers is apprehended as a repertoire of “I” : I-positions that bring together an infinity of narrative voices. Each voice has a unique bond to the host country, a particular memory of origin, beliefs and poetics, personal convictions. Our results enrich the constant debates about both the existence of an African literature and the identity positions of writers of African origin living in the West. Our essential contribution is the design of a model which takes into consideration the stages of their identity construction. This work also contributes to the research on the relationship between their works and the experiences of authors, within their place of transit or establishment
Nkouda, Sopgui Romuald. "Migration et contact culturel : problématique de la transculturation chez les écrivains de la diaspora africaine en Allemagne, en France et en Angleterre (1980-2011)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0277.
Full textMaganga, Ulrich Kevin. "La Phratrie de l'imaginaire : les écrivains africains et le modèle latino-américain à partir des années 1980." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC043/document.
Full textThe renewal of sub-Saharan French-speaking writings in the 1980s results in a remarkable overtaking of the geographical, linguistic, cultural and identical traditional borders. So opening to the universal letters, many African writers turn to the Latin American universe which fascinates them for its space, topics, aesthetics, imaginary. It is this Latin American orientation of the African novel, the implementation of a relationship in the modes of expression and the representation of reality, that we call imaginary phratry. A phenomenon with multiple issues, the analysis of the imaginary phratry can reveal how, inspired by a common history and culture, the African and Latin American universe are literally brought closer in a fraternal posture reflecting some transatlantic solidarity
Husti-Laboye, Carmen. "L'individu dans la littérature africaine contemporaine : l'ontologie faible de la postmodernité." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2f038f2d-2481-4422-acc2-52c319cfcb28/blobholder:0/2007LIMO2012.pdf.
Full textBedecarré, Madeline. "La Francophonie à tout prix : le rôle de la Francophonie institutionnelle dans l'accès à la reconnaissance des écrivains africains d'expression française." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH207.
Full textThe dissertation argues that the creation of institutional Francophonie in 1970 influences the French-language African literature through the creation and financing of literary prizes. These francophone prizes have and continue to play an important role in granting access to recognition: in part determining what is published, affecting their reception, and influencing the categories used to classify these texts and authors. Drawing on archival research, interviews, ethnographic observation of awards ceremonies, and a database of over 300 prizes, the dissertation shows how the supranational institution of la Francophonie has maintained since the 1970s a circuit of literary recognition for almost exclusively Sub-Saharan African authors. The institution promotes and generates the production of African literature while at the same time imposing constraints. For many years the circuit privileged theatre and the short story over other genres and tends even today to depoliticize or repoliticize prized texts. Ultimately, the dissertation shows how literary prizes do the imaginative work of inscribing African literature into this category of “francophone”. By demonstrating how literature and politics mutually affect one another, the dissertation points to the need for greater scholarly attention to the role played by state institutions in elaborating enduring aesthetic standards and criteria of literary value
Severino, Pacheco Mariano Ana Filomena. "Reconstruction de l’identité féminine dans les romans africains francophones et lusophones d’écrivaines contemporaines." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH6291.
Full textAs a result of traumatic events experienced during the colonial period, female authors from Africa writing in French or Portuguese and belonging to the mainstream of post-colonial literature chose the novel, from the 1980s onward, as vehicle for reconstructing female identity – a subject about which they speak freely.Proceeding both from the Portuguese-language novels of Paulina Chiziane, Ngonguita Diogo, Lueji Dharma and Djaimilia Pereira de Almeida, and from the (mostly autobiographical) French-language novels of Véronique Tadjo, Calixthe Beyala, Léonora Miano and Tanella Boni, the present study uses the methods of comparative literature to show how colonialisation, slavery, war, suffering, the break-down of family structures, the imposition of European language and culture and, finally, mass migration lead to the destruction, obliteration and fragmentation of the identity of those novels’ characters.At the same time, those very characters actively deconstruct the models of identity inherited from colonialism while seeking to reconstruct their own identity by questioning contemporary society and notions of exile and migration, and by acknowledging their place in an « Afropolitan » culture reuniting the « Africans of the World ». The culmination of this quest is the recognition of an hybrid identity encompassing tradition, modernity and pluralism.Thus the French- and Portuguese-speaking African authors of our corpus call into question received ideas and, in search of the reconstruction and affirmation of womanhood, address complex topics including exile (voluntary or involuntary), homosexuality, dance as pleasure and therapy, and music – to name but a few.This multiple approach, based on the reappropriation of African components and the revisitation of European ones, allows the creation of an identity which, far from remaining fixed, can engender a dynamic process and renew transfer and exchange between those two [and other cultures
Ndombi-Sow, Gaël. "L'entrance des écrivains africains et caribéens dans le système littéraire francophone : les oeuvres d'Alain Mabanckou et de Dany Laferrière dans les champs français et québécois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0365/document.
Full textIf it is admitted that the field theory, systematized by Pierre Bourdieu, allowed to renew the approach of the literary phenomenon, its application in the field of the Frenchspeaking studies remains limited. This study examines the conditions of access to the French and Quebec French literary fields by the writers of African and Caribbean origin. The thesis proceeds to a sociological approach - the analysis leaning on the examination of the individual trajectories, the poetics of the works and the communications strategies of the authors - of the conditions of access to the writing, the publication, the literary socialization and the consecration in each of the fields of reception, that is the policy of reception of the legitimizing authorities and the place reserved for these migrant writings. An essential option consisted in approaching writers whose status and audience are already asserted on the French-speaking literary scene. For this purpose, the corpus is made up of two writers indisputably recognized : the former, Alain Mabanckou, especially present in the French field; the latter, Dany Laferrière, especially recognized in the Quebec French field. The comparison between the French and Quebec French fields ended in a new conception of the phenomena of entrance, by highlighting the positions, the postures and the writing strategies deployed
Federici, Sandra. "L'entrance des auteurs africains dans le champ de la bande dessinée européenne de langue française (1978-2016)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0379.
Full textThis research examines the conditions of possibilities within and the routes of entry of the African authors into the comic field of the French-speaking Europe. The dissertation employs a sociological approach by making, firstly, an institutional analysis of the conditions of production, circulation and reception, as well as the sociability in the local contexts, in particular in the French-speaking countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The examination of the modalities of publication in the edition or in the press, of the associations of authors, festivals and other promotional initiatives, and of the possibilities offered by associations and institutions, shows that local authors have to realize their artistic vocation and their professional projects in poorly organized and unfavourable environments. Of course, this state of things requires agents to exercise their greater or lesser skill in adapting to it and making it play to the advantage of their professional career, but it also prompts a number of authors to consider the publication in the European field as the goal towards which to focus their efforts and strategies. The general problem of entry is the angle of attack of the second part, which draws on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of fields to analyse the trajectories of the few African comics authors who managed to achieve a certain legitimation in European environments, namely Congolese Barly Baruti and Pat Masioni and the Ivorian Marguerite Abouet, as well as some other significant paths. The notions of habitus, strategy, periphery, autonomy and heteronomy, but also antinomy have helped to illuminate these paths. The theory of fields, which emphasizes the social conditions relating to the creation, circulation and consumption of symbolic goods and the institutions involved in the "mise en act" of the artistic-cultural object, in order to understand the position in the society of reference, was instrumental in understanding the importance of several factors: the impact of associations and of the international institutions; autonomy as a second step or eventually as a decisive phase, determining the entrance from the beginning; the “instances of legitimation”
Mangeon, Anthony. "Lumières noires, discours marron : indiscipline et transformations du savoir chez les écrivains noirs américains et africains : itinéraires croisés d'Alain Leroy Locke, V.Y. Mudimbe et de leurs contemporains." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CERG0237.
Full textBourlet, Mélanie. "Emergence d'une littérature écrite dans une langue africaine : L'exemple du poulâr (Sénégal/Mauritainie)." Paris, INALCO, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INAL0013.
Full textThe thesis considers the development of a written literature in an African language, focusing on pulaar (Senegal/Mauritania), one of the major dialectal variants of Fulani. The first part treats the interface between political context, linguistic changes and literary writing on the Latin alphabet. It is divided into two parts and (1960-1990s) centred on the appropriation of the languages by scholars seeking to integrate the culture into their nationalist claims. A second period, which extends to the present, witnesses the appearing of new and less politicised writers who, more interested to the status of individuals in a mutating society, appropriated the art of writing while refusing to use it to express ideologies. The second part considers literary creativity, using some sixty texts (mostly prose and poetry) identified during fieldwork in Senegal and Mauritania. Given the wealth of texts obtained and the author’s desire to reveal their riches, the choice was made to focus on prose, and on four novels from already well-known writers belonging to the second literary period: Yero Dooro JALLO, Nidkkiri Joom Moolo (Ndikkiri le Guitariste), 1981 ; Ibraahiima DEM, Sahre Goonga (Le Monde de la Vérité), 1997 ; Saydu Bah, Sammba Jallo. Moni fof et feccere mum (Sammba Jallo. Chacun sa destinée), 2005 ; Mammadu Abdul SEK, Ngayngu Gid’li (L’Amour-Haine), 2004. The appendix contains the detailed summaries of the four novels and a biobibliography of fifteen authors
Ndiaye, El Hadji Malick. "Éthiques et poétiques auctoriales : le dire de l’auteur francophone face aux idéologies de l’appartenance : Bretagne, Québec, « Afriques »." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269043/fr/.
Full textAfter having revisited the concept of authorship and analyzed the highly polyphonic and multicultural vocation of the francophone discourse, this work, focusing on three geographical areas (Brittany, Québec, Sub-Saharian Africa) and three authors (Pierre-Jakez Hélias, Félix Leclerc and Cheikh Hamidou Kane), examines the tension between the moral duty of belonging to a minority culture and the universality of the literary project. First, a study of Pierre-Jakez Hélias shows the underexamined biculturalism of some French populations and the uneasy identity of the author in a “French Francophone” context. Then, through Felix Leclerc 's writings, I question the Quebecois author's wor k, whose troubling ambiguity is not entirely accounted for by the myth of a bipolar opposition between English and French. Finally, with the study of potential identities in Kane’s novels, I discuss the evidence of a homogeneous black African identity, in order to better assess the relevance of a manifold reading of African cultures in literature. Ultimately, this work demonstrates that Francophone authors are ethically free to overcome biological constraints so their work can bear the hallmark of an assumed “alterculturality”
Hounkanrin, Zountangni Yveline. "La littérature engagée de l'Afrique de l'Ouest contemporaine : renouvellements et adaptations interculturelles." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040213.
Full textThe literature of the French-speaking Black Africa was perceived for a long time even theorized like concerning an ordinary literature of engagement because of the history of the continent. This design, in a certain manner, unconsciously harmed the image which one could have of this literature. It is from the Eighties, after the collapse of the Communism, that the concept of literary engagement seems, to be constrained to evolve and to renew itself putting more and more the African writer in a rather uncomfortable situation divided between the desire to remain a political writer, near to his people concerns, and the desire to assert a creative autonomy. Nowadays, if the question of artistic engagement makes debate again, it’s certainly not a question of chance according to the confused and dubious time we must cope with. Indeed, we attend a loss of the reference marks and ideals leading the men of thought (intellectual, writers) to adopt writing projects, i. E. Engagements, different in their work of creation. What are the interrogations that were faced or are still faced to the sub-Saharan committed literature in this universalization era? Thus, our study tries to analyze the evolution of this problematic until the faintness current of the new African writers in French language, confronted with a problem of redefinition contents of literary engagement
Ducournau, Claire. "Écrire, lire, élire l'Afrique : les mécanismes de réception et de consécration d'écrivains contemporains originaires de pays francophones d'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0015.
Full textAt the crossroads of the sociology of culture and postcolonial studies, this dissertation explores the mechanisms by which contemporary writers from Francophone countries of sub-Saharan Africa attain literary recognition. The empirical material comprises archives, interviews with writers, publishers, and cultural agents; ethnographic observations of cultural events; and a statistical survey of 404 writers who were socialized in this part of the world, and who were active between 1983 and 2008. Their legitimation follows two waves: the first occurs in the early eighties and the second in the mid-nineties. The increase in the number of publications, the importance of the novel in the hierarchy of literary genres, and the evolution of the publishing industry combine to structure an African literary space. Its stake is the legitimate definition of the African writer, related to the nature of the writer’s relationship to Africa. The authors located in this space are socially elite and often mobile. From the eighties onwards, the number of new female writers has increased steadily; writers are more professionalized and more often settled outside Africa. Publishers in Paris have played a decisive role in a book market partly dissociated from the markets prevailing in African countries. The analysis of these global evolutions is complemented by case studies: the controversy surrounding the manifesto “Toward a World Literature in French” seen as a collective mobilization; the representation of colonization in the texts of Amadou Hampâté Bâ and Ahmadou Kourouma; and letters from readers
Daouda, Boubacar. "La création romanesque chez Tierno Monenembo, écrivain africain francophone." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30022.
Full textThis study which deals with novelistic creation in tierno monenembo, a french speaking writer places first the novelist in historical, cultural and political contexts in which his work was born. As the other french speaking writers, he renews the practices of african prose pioneers but trying to set himself out of the french novel's perfect example. He explores traditional african literary ressources which he mixes with modern narrative techniques. Our investigations allowed us to underline the esthetical principles of this guinean exiled. Our first part studies the baroque trend of his writing. The second analyses the derision which is brought by a violent, imperfect and frightening world. Our third part shows the impossibility for authors like monenembo to celebrate africa. They mix epic style with satire, sarcasm, and parody. Baroque style, derision and epic tone influence one another. Finally, our text shows that tierno monenembo is a sceptical novelist who keeps hope refusing to nurture utopia and the myths. This novelistic creation is original in african literature
Bédia, Jean-Fernand. "Les écrivains francophones d'origine mandingue et la question du modèle." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30025.
Full textThe problematic notion of identity in French-speaking African novels, through the question of paradigm, aims at circumventing one difficulty : the inertia of a controversy subjected to the historical contingencies at the origin of the francophone world. Thus emerges the objective of considering the sphere of the novel in all its constituent structures, that is sociological, religious, institutional, historical and linguistic. The narrative structure is modelled on the paradigm of the "donsomana" and the "Soundjata-fasa" through the significant presence of esoteric oratories like proverbs, as well as the mythical couple man-woman, the pre-eminent heroes of the oral tales of griots. The consequence of this resourcefulness can hence be appreciated in the epistemological renewal of the founding aspects of realism and fiction : characters and setting. The second discriminating notion of identity, which reveals the profound nature of the writing paradigm, is the language spoken by the protagonists or narrators. Hence, the language of the novel, in its singularity, is primarily an echo of the system of representation. Ahmadou Kourouma's "rape" of the French language, like the "fraternity of huts" of the Mandingue languages and the French language in the novels of Massa Makan Diabaté, are, together with the "classicism" of Djibril Tamsir Niane, linguistic concepts which, by claiming an identity affirmation, transpire into the political field. These two aspects of the aesthetic model in the novels of writers of Mandingue origin or culture essentially constitute the prolegomena of ethno-criticism as endogenous method
Bikéné, Békalé Béatrice. "Littérature gabonaise au féminin." Nancy 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN21017.
Full textThis thesis gives voice to gabonese women's novels according to the new criticism approaches on french-speaking african women's literature. The critics are agree to recognize that women literary production bring a new breath to african literature, because the female writers don't restrict themselves by developing autobiographical stories, but they treat marginal questions and they're concerned about today's problems in their society. In regard to these considerations, we wanted to assess by questionong the novels, the extent of newness so often praise by the critics. For that reason, we relied on some elements liable to express this change. Gabonese novelists illustrate the new tendency of women's literature by their free speaking and by developing a new vision round about woman's body, her sexuality, her motherhood, her freedom aspiration, her filial and matrimonial connections. But at the same time, their writing follow the african way of writing. This one doesn't yet offer - in spite of recourse to oral art and other african forms of language - interesting perspectives, on expression viewpoint, who can lead to an african esthetic renewal
Tchoffogueu, Emmanuel. "Les Romancières africaines à l'épreuve de l'invention de la femme : essai d'analyse du nouveau discours romanesque africain au féminin (Calixte Beyale, Ken Bugul, Malika Mokeddem)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/TCHOFFOGUEU_Emmanuel_2008.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation aims to demonstrate not only how African novelists in 1980-1990 promoted the image of the new African woman by continuing the feminist demands of their predecessors, but also, and foremost, to describe the pattern of their discourse, which was characterized predominantly by aesthetics of subversion of linguistic norms. This linguistic defiance mirrors their fight to invent the New African Woman, who throws off the shackles of tradition and opens herself up to universality. The corpus is composed primarily of autobiographical novelistic works by three writers who represent two geocultural macrospaces: the sub-Saharan Africa of C. Beyala and Ken Bugul, and the Maghreb of Malika Mokeddem. This study seeks, drawing on the linguistics of discourse as initiated by H. Weinrich and enriched by J. -M. Adam, D. Maingueneau, and A. Viala, to present how these creative female artists reconcile the feminine problem with the challenge of African development in such a way as to expeditiously contribute to new visibility for African literature. Transversal reading thus reveals a new place for the African woman, who is embodied in the creative space by the new woman writer participating in sociopolitical and cultural battles in order to advance a society in evolution into a promising future. The hypothesis of over-reading women’s literary works as the monotonous expression of the feminine condition is supported; the dissertation contributes, in particular, to a rehabilitation of feminine literature that has been undermined by criticism that has limited itself solely to descriptive and thematic aspects
N'Guessan, Kouadio Germain. "Féminisme africain-américain et féminisme africain : incidences et limites d'un dialogue par romans interposés." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR2004.
Full textThe work analyses Black women's oppression in the fiction of Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrisson, Alice Walker, Gloria Naylor, Paule Marshall and Buchi Emecheta, Flora Nwapa, Mariama Bâ, Bessie Head, Ama Ata Aidoo. It shows that in America, this oppression is related to racism, sexism and to class. In Africa, it stems from colonialism and neocolonialism, from tradition and religious conceptions, and also from the new world economic order. The analysis of these situations of oppression puts forward a "black feminism" which aims at constructing Black women's identity through their relations to traditional values : ancestral beliefs, motherhood as a means of social integration, etc. It thus establishes "black feminism" as a manifestation of the North/South dialogue. It is also a feminist interpretation of Panafricanism since it tries to bring together two peoples that have been separated yet share the same origin. However, the heterogeneity of women's situations creates utopias which are shaped according to the specificity of women's situations but fall under the general perpective of women's subordination and their struggle for its eradication
Djiffack, Andre. "La quête de la liberté chez Mongo Beti, écrivain africain." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22393.
Full textMuthoni, Wanjira. "La femme et les problèmes sociaux chez les romancières noires francophones." Montpellier 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON30023.
Full textThe focus of our thesis is on various social problems experienced by black women in patriarchal societes as seen by french-speaking female novelists from black africa and the caribbean islands. The need was felt to limit this study to former french colonies in order to be able to explore the influence of a particular form of colonisation on colonised women. We also analysed the way in which french patriarchy modified traditional african patriarchy and the resultant situation. Our study consists of five chapters, the first of which examines woman's body as seen by man, by western civilisation and by the woman herself from a psychological and philosophical standpoint. The second chapter deals with woman's relationship to the surrounding space : exile (a tragic experience) and space in one's native land. Home and the outside world change their significance depending on a woman's social class : the wealthy woman is housebound whereas the wage-earner is chased out of her home by the need to earn her living. The third chapter deals with woman's social conditioning. Traditional upbringing and western influence make her an alienated person but paradoxically, it was western formal schooling that was to open the door to individual freedom for her. In chapter four, we analyse various activities that help to bring out female dynamism and in chapter five, we look at woman's relationship to marriage. Sex and motherhood. Her economic dependence and the lack of contraception make these experiences a form of servitude. In conclusion, female novelists emphasize the importance of formal schooling in the improvement of the female condition
Coly, Alexandre. "La réception de la négritude en Afrique lusophone." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20011/document.
Full textThis thesis studies how Négritude was received in Portuguese-speaking Africa. In order to achieve this, the study addresses the origins of Négritude through the poets and writers of the Harlem Renaissance as well as René Maran’s Batouala. This permits a better discussion of the emergence of the concept of Négritude through Aimé Césaire, Léon Gontran Damas and Léopold Sedar Senghor. The study analyses the ideology of Négritude and the poets’ struggle for the freedom of black peoples and those oppressed by colonialism. Finally, this research examines the impact of the reception of Négritude on the African Lusophone literature of Agostinho Neto, José Craveirinha and Noémia de Sousa. Did it contribute to freeing the colonies of Portuguese-speaking Africa from colonial oppression and to strengthening the quest for identity? This study seeks to show that the humanism of Négritude returns us to a tribute to the human condition and the promise of possibility
Hanras, Marie-Christine. "L'Oeuvre littéraire de Manuel Lopes, écrivain capverdien." Rennes 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN20009.
Full textThe Cabo Verde islands: geographic location of the territory. Historical introduction. The literature of Cabo Verde: a parallel between the literature of cabo verde and those which might have had a direct influence on it or which have a direct effect on it. Manuel Lopes : his life and his work: the man and his work cannot be dissociated. The important stages of a life rich of experiments, followed by a detailed bibliography. Sao Vicente Santo Antao as the only action scene: a survey of all the names of places mentioned throughout his works. Fiction characters borrowed from real-lige people: some recur from one book to another. The deep-rooted, the runaways, the renovators. Characters mythical, irreal, escape from him; others, human, folk-like remain within standard. Manuel Lopes's language: various levels of language. "Portuguesed" - Creole: study of its morphosyntactic and stylistic characteristics; glossary. Conclusion: Manuel Lopes's work is full of learnings and original; it makes up a kind of saga of the islands. - the second volume contains a supplement which presents various scattered articles, poems and chronicles written by the autor between 1927 and 1987
Chevrier, Jacques. "Williams Sassine, un écrivain africain au carrefour du mythe et de la modernité." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120008.
Full textThe novels of williams sassine provide a sociological, political, economical and cultural analysis of african societies which appear deeply affected and striken by what the novelist regards as an "historical wreckage". The heroes of these novels are therefore involved in a quest of the past - beyond islamism and christianis - in order to fond again their true identity. Williams sassine suggests that, if they want to return to the magical country of the origins, they have to undergo a series of sufferings, so that most of the main characters are christ'like figures. Biblical influence is evident through saint monsieur baly and wirriyamu, but the writer never forgets he is a son of kankan, his birthplace in the mande, so that elements of african mythological tales are also an important part of his writing
Rotily-Forcioli, Thomasine. "L'éclosion du roman féminin en Afrique noire francophone : 1969-1985." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30052.
Full textIn an effort to discover the reasons for the late appearance of the feminine african novel; we will look into the status of the african women in the traditional world, the evolution of the image of the women in literature and the biographies of female writers. This literary production travels beyond a study of the condition of woman. A very strong fictional live, showing the hidden face of society and creates an atmosphere which expresses a world troubled by political, economic and social problems. However, in a country undergoing transformation, african women have great difficulty in finding their true image appear doorned to the destiny of marriage and mothehood and are inevitably confronted by polygamy. Others, those influenced by western culture or prostitutes vainly attempt to adapt to the changes around them. The figurehead of the female novel remains the eternel woman, prisoner of her body, submissive and virtuos, who lives with a husband who is both fickle and cruel. Thus equally the problems of the couple are confronted and the image of man defined. The womans writers have a certain reserve towards feminist movements, as the latter might read to the depravity, a loss of cultural identity and growth in social imbalance, this viewpoint restricts the woman framework of their fiction, but their scepticism towards emancipation bears witress to their attachments to ancestral values
Assi, Diané. "Amadou Hampâte Bâ écrivain du XXe siècle ou l'Etrange destin de la tradition africaine." Rennes 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN20026.
Full textAmadou Hampâte Bâ, writer from Mali, born in the beginning of this century is also a philosopher, a historian and a story teller who combines genres and cultures through a very rich work. At the turning point of African tradition and Islamic culture, at the crossroad between Africa and the western world, this multiple, sometimes esoteric work is the vehicle by which is transmitted to us the message enclosed in the symbological elements pertaining to the initiatory tales he has closen to focus upon. As a man who created the strange destiny of wangrin, he appears from 1973 on as an established literary talent. It is then discovered that he is also a peul poet whose work in fulfulde still unpublished as of today would benefit by being translated. This work is a witness to the intellectual and philosophical advance of A. H. Bâ around three major axis: history, biography and speech -here transmuted into writing-. The evolvement of the initiatory tales from the sacred to the secular thanks to the books, calls our attention upon matters of translation and upon relations existing between the text, the initiatory ritual and literary creativity. Shifts from one language to another (and from one world to another), what is left to us of tradition and of the status of traditionalist turned writer? The analysis of this complex work combining initiatory tales, novels and essays, verifies and confirm the emergence of the new status of the traditionalist as a complete twentieth century writer, effectively participating to the elaboration of this strange destiny which is that of African tradition
Konaté, Diola. "Réflexions poétiques de l'Afrique dans l'oeuvre d'un écrivain ethnologue surréaliste : Michel Leiris." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20048.
Full textThe narrator-poet and ethnographer at the same time-in his literary creations and ther works structures around the theme about africa a theory giving a new dynamic value to the authentic reflections expresin, the spiritual and cultural values and the africa heritage-a theory doubly throun into relief in our study on account of michel leiris' double vocation. According to the ethngrapher all aspects described in his travel book as manners and customs, rites and apparent sources of beliefs, exploitation of magic knouledges and resorts to mythical survivals deserve to be taken into account, for they represent basis from which the africa black explains and integrates his naturel environment but also throngh which be states his attachment to his origins. According to the poet the travel throngh the complex circonvolutions of these irrational wealths, beyond the passion for myths and cultures unknoun of that time, becomes a means of being objective towards the rational logic and to reach a better acquaintance of oneself and the then - a poetic experimentation that he carries on even in his dreams (image of the ethnographe
Gahungu, Céline. "Élan et devenir. Sony Labou Tansi (1967-1975) : naissance d’un écrivain et d’une écriture." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040081.
Full textThe searches on Sony Labou Tansi’s works and the publications of his manuscripts testify of the wealth of his texts. A piece of it remains however unknown : the first steps of the writer. The access to its manuscripts and typescripts partially kept at the Francophone Library of Limoges – others are available for consultation in the Institute of Modern Texts and Manuscripts – open the way to renewed analyses. Written between 1967 and 1975, these texts, for the great majority unpublished in his lifetime, paint the portrait of a Congolese writer in training, dashing into the adventure of the writing. This one consists then in building his author’s identity, in making a universe and in professionalizing his writing intended to invest the French edition. In a first part, this work demonstrates that by drafting his texts, Sony Labou Tansi forges his auctorial identity. He conceives himself under the features of a bomb, the manuscripts becoming bold laboratories. Becoming a writer includes an institutional dimension, in which is interested our second part. Despite the anarchistic imagination of the bomb, the creative writing is considered as a job : it is thus necessary to accept its codes and to develop a strategy of emergence to be published. Our third part analyzes the metamorphoses of this universe under construction. The refusals of publishing houses as well as the tension between the fantasy of a creation conceived as a revolt and the desire to be recognized by the literary institution do not affect his will. The key word of these years of learning is to become and so Sony Labou Tansi reinvents its universe, which is the place of ceaseless transformations. His trajectory is doubly interesting : the battle of the creation and of the publication concerns every young writer, but seems more complex for a generation of African authors confronted with a changing editorial universe
Barrett, Susan. "Quête d'identité, quête d'une écriture dans l'oeuvre des romancières sud-africaines blanches de 1883 à 1994." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30015.
Full textNatukunda, Edith Rwabihaiga R. "Profil de l'oeuvre de la femme écrivaine ou le regard de la romancière africaine sur sa société." Aix-Marseille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985AIX1A015.
Full textRubera, Albert. "La poétique feministe postcoloniale dans la littérature africaine francophone : autour de l'écriture romanesque de Ken Bugul." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131006.
Full textConfluence of sociological theories, political movements and moral philosophies regarding the situation of women in general, and within their social, political and economic context in particular, feminism has always embraced worldwide ambitions. In this resolute struggle for women liberation, feminism changed the face several times, and was often divided into trends and streams sometimes opposed to one another with regard to the meaning of the struggle to lead. How is the postcolonial African woman going to react to feminism which can be considered as one of the forms of Western imperialism having for a long time acted in the guise of a universalistic discourse of women liberation? This is the question that Ken Bugul has already asked herself. This study intends to situate Ken Bugul's feminist thought and position at the cross-section of feminist and postcolonial theories
Kouassi, Kouamé Germain. "Les écrivains ivoiriens et la langue française: heurs et malheurs d'un mariage contre nature : l'exemple de l'oeuvre romanesque de Dadié, Kourouma et Adiaffi." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040245.
Full textThe present thesis entitled: Ivorian writers and french language: fortunes and misfortunes of a marriage against nature. An example of Dadié, Kourouma and Adiaffi's romance work, it takes a formal study and some detailed stylistic procedures put to work by the three principle writers of Côte d'Ivoire ( Dadie, Kourouma, and Adiaffi) to try and overcome the major obstacles that constitutes, obviously, french language in free expression of their tradition and of their cultural personalities. Also, it clearly looks like these writers have cunningly used in their romantic speech some terms, some constructions and particular forms of expression directly extracted from languages of their motherland by the help of a diversity of gathering and putting together into interlinguistics. Having in that one reference the imaginary african, they have in general foreseen obstacles, succeeded in showing that in the centre of a large language of international communication like french, it is possible to find a place for a plural expression, and, by the same way, for exchange between different languages and cultures
Alla, Koffi Jean. "Les représentations de la société traditionnelle de l'Afrique Noire : du roman colonial au roman contemporain africain." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082195.
Full textLefilleul, Alice. "Animismes : de l'Afrique aux Premières Nations, penser la décolonisation avec les écrivains." Thèse, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21128.
Full textKefi, Meriem. "Les Femmes dans la Résistance : Une étude de trois écrivaines de l'Harlem Renaissance : Nella Larsen, Jessie Redmon Fauset et Zora Neale Hurston." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASV002.
Full textArt and literature have often been used as means of resistance in the fight for Civil Rights as well as social equality in the United States. In a context of racial and gender discrimination, African-American artists have combined creativity with activism as they have fought for their talent and humanity to be recognized. In the 1920s, the Harlem Renaissance came as a turning point in black cultural history. Also called “The New Negro Movement,” this rebirth of Black-American culture aimed to subvert the derogatory image ascribed to African-Americans and to construct a new racial identity. The Harlem Renaissance indeed gave space and a voice to African-Americans, especially to African-American women, allowing them to resist a white male-dominated world through the production of an unprecedented number of artistic works.This thesis focuses on three African-American women writers of the Harlem Renaissance: Nella Larsen (1891-1964), Jessie Redmon Fauset (1882-1961) and Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) who, though well-known in the United States, have met with limited recognition in France. Although they shared the same purpose, their strategies are different. While in their best works Larsen and Fauset opted for narratives of passing, Hurston chose to situate her stories in a black world, ignoring the very existence of Whites. This thesis aims at exploring the generic, narrative and stylistic characteristics of their production while delineating their specificity
Chauchix, Cheikrouhou Danièle. "L'écriture des femmes de lettres maghrébines d'expression française en comparaison avec l'écriture africaine de Doris Lessing." Rennes 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985REN20008.
Full textMurad, Machado Fernanda. "Construction d'un univers fabuleux : l'écrivain et le lecteur dans l'œuvre d'Amadou Hampâté Bâ." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040257.
Full textThrough his literary writing, Hampâté Bâ aims at highlighting african culture. Similarly to other authors of his generation, his work shows the desire to contribute to the construction of a discourse that would allow Africa to be reinserted in an universal frame. For that purpose, he chooses to reactualize oral tradition. An indefatigable researcher, he collects, throughout his life, stories and beliefs later to be rewritten in french for an occidental audience. By so doing, the author is confronted to a major difficulty, namely the fact that there is not one worldview or a repertory common to both the characters, the narrative authority and the reader. This reference gap raises thus concerns of an aesthetic nature to the writer, who looks for strategies in order, not only to portray the social reality that he refers to, but, at the same time, to recreate the latter in a way such as to enable it to interact with the reality of the reader. The role taken by the writer is ambiguous. A faithful transmitter on the one hand, Hampâté Bâ attempts, on the other hand, to seduce the reader by constructing a fabulous universe. He implements different levels of dialogue out of the rereading of memories, as well as from traces of the past and worldviews, which meaning is eluded in favour of elaborate contextual significations. As a result, the text becomes a privileged place for a reflection on memory, history and the myth ; in a broader sense, it opens for a reflection on the Real and on the mode of storytelling
Moji, Polo Belina. "Réimaginer la nation : nationalisme africain, engagement sociopolitique et autoreprésentation chez les romancières subsahariennes." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030130/document.
Full textNationalism in sub-Saharan Africa « imagines » a homogenous national identity embedded in the mythology of African uniqueness, which represents the woman symbol of cultural roots (the “Mother Africa “trope). This study analyses how the sub-Saharan female novelist (the woman as a mute, extra-historical and apolitical object of culture) appropriates African nationalism (re-imagines the nation) to define a new identity for African womanhood. The study tests the hypothesis that a marginal subject reveals itself in “border location” according to its similarity or difference to dominant subjects. It analyses political nationality (citizenship), cultural nationality (Africanness), and their interaction within the representation of female national identity. And They Didn’t Die and Nehanda evoke liberation movements in South Africa and Zimbabwe to recontextualise women’s cultural affiliation (the woman “pot of culture)” between tradition and modernity. Matins de couvre-feu and L’Ex-père de la nation depict the post-independence disillusionment of Senegal and the Ivory Coast to subvert the dichotomy of public and private spheres which construct a male centred State (the “Father of the Nation”) and the woman-centred “domestic” sphere. Finally, Destination Biafra highlights ethnic nationalism in Nigeria to illustrate the problematic of the intertwining of cultural and political nationalities resulting from the paradoxical construction of the African nation-state: A State (a geo-political space) defined by modern borders and a supranational nation (“imagined community”) delimited by the symbolic borders of a pre-colonial culture
Nilsson, Birgitta. "Deux générations d’écrivaines africaines. Les femmes qui se conforment aux normes et les femmes qui font du bruit. Mariama Bâ et Calixthe Beyala." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-33864.
Full textAda, Ondo Danielle. "L'Afro-cubanité dans Paradiso de José Lezama Lima et dans Tres tristes tigres de Guillermo Cabrera Infante." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0559.
Full textSlavery with abolition while passing by the wars of independence ( 1492-1898 ), the history of Cuba was always marked by the presence of the Blacks. Transported like slaves in the plantations, the Blacks were privated of all the rights and all freedoms. Their habits and beliefs were quite simply jeered but considered pernicious and dangereous because of the Withe. The latter then will make all the previsios so that the slaves adopt and practise the catholic relgion. But the slaves can't therefore cutting the ombilical cord with Africa and their ancestors. Under pretext of serve christian Gold, the slaves reactivate Orisha African. They then will establish equivalences between the catholic saints and Orishas. With each festival of a catholic saint, the slaves associated A Orishas. In fact, qualified primitives, barbarians, Withe and all the evils which led to their screeming, even after independences. It is in this context that was born the cubanity. It consists in defening the cuban authentic society. Infortunately, the short after the independence of Cuba, this cubanity becomes exclusive Black. This last and its culturage heritage are difered. This attitude exiled the Afro-cuban of the speech identitary. The Withe seem to be unaware of the considerable contribution of the Africans in the formation of the cuban nation. The negrism reacted against this" laps of memory" by highlighting the character mongrel of the cuban company. Researchers like Fernando Ortiz, Lydia Cabrera or Rómulo Lachatañere discovered the enormous cultural contribution that Cuba received from Africa by the slaves. That african cultur is well anchored in the cuban culture and this one is approached
Zaaraoui, Karima. "Tours et détours du genre : les avatars de l'écriture féminine africaine américaine autour de Harriet Jacobs, Harriet Wilson et Hannah Crafts." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030003.
Full textThe comparative study of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (Harriet Jacobs), Our Nig ; Sketches from the Life of a Free Black (Harriet Wilson), and The Bondwoman’s Narrative (Hannah Crafts) aims at opening up new perspectives on the specificity of the female subject, through the slave narrative’s autobiographical writing. If these women writers stand as privileged witnesses of the female condition in Antebellum America, they do not remain passive nonetheless. The aim of this dissertation is to approach the links between « writing » and « feminine », by taking into account the text itself, be it autobiographical or fictionalized. Significantly enough, self-consciousness, identity and the construction of a self through writing are definitely major components of the African American literary tradition in which outstanding voices are singled out. The slave narrative tends to drift away from autobiography in order to afford its survival and conforms to the conventions that proved successful, thus revealing the truth of the subject. In this perspective, gender is the key issue of this study which brings an exclusive insight on black women’s writing. Discursive difference, writing the female body, and a staged conflicted subject are the core themes of this work. As a follower of Dickens and Byron, Hannah Crafts creates a unique blend of genres, while Harriet Wilson’s modus operandi is to rewrite Emerson’s reflections on society, and Harriet Jacobs offers a subversion of the sentimental novel. By all means, these female slave narratives’ « tour de force » lies in the aesthetics and poetics of the genre located at the crossroads of autobiography, sentimental fiction, the gothic and the picaresque. The subject determines its own sexuation, which enables the female subject to break free from the male subject. This dissertation also offers the opportunity to raise the question of history and literature. The slave narrative falls within the frame of literature as the writer’s political stance is an invitation to reconsider avant-garde women’s literary production within the African American literary canon
Monbeig, Fanny. "Représentation et performance de genre et de « race » dans la littérature féminine noire (africaine-américaine, caribéenne, française)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30038.
Full textSlavery is the chronotope of "Tituba" by M. Condé and "Beloved" by T. Morrison. Slavery is a paradigmatic heritage in other novels by these authors, as well as in Alice Walker's and Gisèle Pineau's art ; it determines the contemporary racial relationships. The splitting up of the slave's body calls to mind the pattern of sewing, narrative weaving, re-membering of the social body, and reinventing a traditionally feminine work. The highlighting of performative power of the master's words reminds us the historicity and the politic aspect of the invention of racism in the plantation system. The example of women's beauty and its racialization illustrates the complicated co-construction of gender and race. The writing of past history of slavery points out and explains the present time, but it requires a painful fight against various processes of individual and collective repression. "Beloved" and "The Color Purple" remind us of the importance of rememory, while "Paradise", "Morne Câpresse" and "Heremakhonon" tell about memory in excess. The criticism of historian claim for objectivity belongs to a global questioning of science on the one hand, and of the heritage of Enlightenment on the other. The ambivalences of postmemory confront the contemporary sacralization of memorial and testimonial literature. Postcolonial haunting is seen in a nex light, quite ironic. The analysis of dialectic motherhood in "Beloved", "Tituba" or "Rosie Carpe" allows us to conceptualise the link between national storytelling, racialization of motherhood and political control of women's bodies. Reading and analysing the novels with the concept of intersectionality shows a global deconstruction of womanhood, freed from the stress of reproductive sexuality. At the crossroad of women's power to give birth and death, the midwife is a recurring character. The midwife is often accused of being a witch, and she belongs to a feminine mythology that can turn the stigma around. The witch is born from rivalry in both religious and medical fields. In Toni Morrison's, Maryse Condé's or Marie Ndiaye's novels, the witch is an intercultural invention ; her parodic and performative strength undermines literary categories. Born from the trauma of slavery, the novels outline the pattern of concrete utopias. The totalitarian and separatist aspect of these utopias appears in the grinning face of the contemporary eschatological hope: the sect. Therefore any hope of a better future seems to be ridiculous ; when the return to a primary space, turning back in time, is dying in the impossible way back to Africa. The "Négritude" of Aimé Césaire is dismissed, and so are the hopes of "Créolité", by a literature that rejects post-racial utopia. There is not any idealization of movement in these novels, which tell contemporary migrations and pains of exile condition. Although the narrative strategies are different, they all intend to expose and overcome the color line
Gomis, Aimé. "Écritures du corps dans la littérature sénégalaise. Esquisse d'une corporéité et implications plurielles : de Senghor à Ken Bugul." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030085.
Full textIdentity constitutes one of the fundamental themes of African literature. It takes on a resonance in the writing of Senghor and Ken Bugul as well as in the writing of many Senegalese writing. It allows the establishment of an epistemological footbridge with the body. Therefore, the discourses about the body help to understand what is at stake concerning identity which livens up the dramatic tension of the narrative structures. For example, in the work of Cheikh Hamidou Kane, the body becomes the motive for a metaphysical apprehension of the "esse". In Ken Bugul’s autobiographies, the affirmation of identity of the feminine "Me" refers to the existential condition, especially when the literatures show the conflicts of gender. However, we agree that the debate on identity and the body has its importance in the understanding in the psychology of the character. It also has its importance in the construction of meaning, through which society reveals its vices and virtues. Moreover, that is why in the works of Sembene, Abasse Ndione, Sanou Lô, Marouba Fall, Seydi Sow or still El Hadji Momar Sambe, the social implication of literary discourse fragments of meaning to which all writing about the body refers. The ambition of this thesis is to construct a comparative exchange between their richness of meaning
Mounziegou-Mombo, Narcice. "Les modalités de l'élaboration romanesque dans la littérature gabonaise. : Lecture des oeuvres de Peter Ndemby et de Chantal Magalie Mbazoo Kassa." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0015/document.
Full textGabonese literary works in general and the novel in particular raise amazement because of their being scarce. The goal of our dissertation has been to improve some aesthetical approaches of the Gabonese novel. It has consisted in turning down the common description of the Gabonese novel as being behind. The aesthetics of the Gabonese novel reveals an identity of isolation. The systems of its setting up result mainly from this aspect. Revealing how the novel has been built up in the Gabonese literature through the writings of Peter Ndemby and Chantal Magalie Mbazoo Kassa means, on the one hand, developing issues of influences in the Gabonese prose and shaping the relationship between text and society. This process helps to uncover a better definition of literariness in Gabon according to the works of Fortunat Obiang Essono. On the other hand, in dealing with the modalities of the Gabonese novel, we have had to develop its literary peculiarity through its mimetic and autistic literariness, and its ‘exiguousness’. From the literary story of Lanson through the sociocriticism of Claude Duchet and Pierre Zima, the Gabonese novel has unveiled peculiarities requiring new approaches, a new conception of literariness in the Gabonese novel
Nyingone, Léa. "Interlangue et radicalisation du discours féminin francophone d’Afrique septentrionale et d’Afrique subsaharienne : cas : Assia Djebar, Aminata Sow Fall, Calicthe Beyala et Nedjma." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0393.
Full textThe present study aims at analyzing the female speech in the texts of Assia Dejbar, Calixthe Beyala, Aminata Sow Fall and Nedjma. The title of the research accounts for two major concepts: interlanguage and radicalization. We base our reflection on three main bets, the first one, defines the interlanguage and questions the existence or not of objectives common to its use by women novelists. The second part, analyzes through new theoretical and critical approaches on language, novels Nowhere in my father's house, Naked woman, black woman, The strike of the battu and the almond. The third part deals with the notion of radicalization by emphasizing the language of the body, reflected in the whole of writing. The reading of the literary texts allowed to divide them into two categories. On the one hand, there are novels that lash and fight by means of a modest and reserved language, and, on the other hand, those who denounce and affirm themselves, through an extremely transgressive and violent language
Pope, Julie. "Émancipation et création poétique. De la Négritude à l' écriture féminine à l'exemple d'Aimé Césaire, Léopold Sedar Senghor, Ahmadou Kourouma, Calixthe Beyala." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030067.
Full textIn the context of the independences of former French colonies, the poetic impetus of militant authors such as Aimé Césaire, Léopold Sédar Senghor or Léon-Gontran Damas is adamantly linked to the rebuttal of colonialism and to political activism. Intellectuals, writers, and artists strongly condemn European imperialisms. For the “Négritude” poets, poetry stands as the most obvious testimony of political and literary commitment. Their poetic works, relying both on oral practices inherited from Africa and on relatively classic prosodic styles, is the vehicle for political messages and reclaiming of African culture. Subsequently, novel writing in sub-Saharian Africa tackles more and more themes of slavery, colonization, colonial alienation, neo-colonialism, all of this becoming empowering processes. The question is to open on a renewed vision of the world, giving the French language a new creative trace, through the authors’ representation. Therefore, Francophone literature reclaims its singularity. This is especially true with Cameroon and Congo: for instance, Ahmadou Kourouma posits that his literature is malinké. Tchicaya U. Tam’si declares that if the French language is colonizing him, then he colonizes it in turn. The colonized rebellion paradoxically leans on the French colonizer language, while trying to displace and advance it through writing. Francophone literature in sub-Saharian Africa is the place of differences and of “différances”, for it bears the traces of many sociological reflexions, and becomes, through its diversity, a place for creativity, liberty and hybridity. We also witness the rise of political protest novel against dictatures, corruption, civil wars ; for example Ahmadou Kourouma, writing Allah n’est pas obligé, does not bother anymore with the rules of literature but excels in the practice of a “rotten language” to describe an atrocious war. This is a form of creativity similar to the one that give birth to creole, “français petit-nègre”, “camfranglais” and one that African sub-Saharian literature explore. It is in this perspective opened by subversive writing and reading practices that women emancipation in Africa takes place. The case of Calixthe Beyala, among others, illustrates this evolution of the status of women in society, beyond the sexual male/female divide. This process stems from post-colonialism and independentist movements gaining power and focus in the XXth century. Women distinguish themselves thanks to their writing and speech in a public sphere reserved to men. Novels written by sub-Saharian African women carefully describe traditional practices, polygamy, forced marriages. These writers, through their acquired freedom speech, have gained the power to participate in the public debate. This form of emancipation takes hold of a language and an art formerly reserved to men because of traditions. Violence, slang words, obscene or pornographic language are no longer part of a male monopoly on poetic language. This poetic creation is vested differently by women writers, who are therefore able to express themselves
Garycka-Balmitgere, Anna. "L'Afrique vue de Pologne : voyages et images littéraires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC003.
Full textThe relations between Poland and Africa are considered in this thesis in a historical and comparative approach in order to contribute to the studies of the image of Africa in European literatures. As a link to the geopolitical situation of Poland the questioning is articulated about the image of a colonised space created in the literature of a country not implicated in colonisation. Three kinds of facts are analysed. First, travels by the Polish in Africa, then, stories created as a result of these travels, and finally the images that exist in Polish imagery with their literary, ideological or political uses. The relations between Polish writers and Africa are studied in an extended corpus which refers to writers of the colonial period (Joseph Conrad and Henryk Sienkiewicz) but is more focused on the decolonisation period from 1950 to 1980, where Ryszard Kapuściński’s writings are put in perspective by a number of secondary writers, reporters, physicians, missionaries or diplomats. The African alterity is also approached in its specular dimension as a mirror through which the Polish identity is observed and defined. The Polish image of Africa comes into view as a paradox since it simultaneously is contrary to Western images and a reproduction of them. A place of deep literary roots, Africa becomes in Polish literature also a place of reflection which – more than some politic ulterior motives or hidden culpabilities characteristic of imperial powers – reveals the union of destinies