Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ecto parasites

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ecto parasites'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ecto parasites"

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BELLAY, S., E. F. DE OLIVEIRA, M. ALMEIDA-NETO, M. A. R. MELLO, R. M. TAKEMOTO, and J. L. LUQUE. "Ectoparasites and endoparasites of fish form networks with different structures." Parasitology 142, no. 7 (March 16, 2015): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015000128.

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SUMMARYHosts and parasites interact with each other in a variety of ways, and this diversity of interactions is reflected in the networks they form. To test for differences in interaction patterns of ecto- and endoparasites we analysed subnetworks formed by each kind of parasites and their host fish species in fish–parasite networks for 22 localities. We assessed the proportion of parasite species per host species, the relationship between parasite fauna composition and host taxonomy, connectance, nestedness and modularity of each subnetwork (n = 44). Furthermore, we evaluated the similarity in host species composition among modules in ecto- and endoparasite subnetworks. We found several differences between subnetworks of fish ecto- and endoparasites. The association with a higher number of host species observed among endoparasites resulted in higher connectance and nestedness, and lower values of modularity in their subnetworks than in those of ectoparasites. Taxonomically related host species tended to share ecto- or endoparasites with the same interaction intensity, but the species composition of hosts tended to differ between modules formed by ecto- and endoparasites. Our results suggest that different evolutionary and ecological processes are responsible for organizing the networks formed by ecto- and endoparasites and fish.
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Lauri, Natalia, Zaher Bazzi, Cora L. Alvarez, María F. Leal Denis, Julieta Schachter, Vanesa Herlax, Mariano A. Ostuni, and Pablo J. Schwarzbaum. "ATPe Dynamics in Protozoan Parasites. Adapt or Perish." Genes 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10010016.

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In most animals, transient increases of extracellular ATP (ATPe) are used for physiological signaling or as a danger signal in pathological conditions. ATPe dynamics are controlled by ATP release from viable cells and cell lysis, ATPe degradation and interconversion by ecto-nucleotidases, and interaction of ATPe and byproducts with cell surface purinergic receptors and purine salvage mechanisms. Infection by protozoan parasites may alter at least one of the mechanisms controlling ATPe concentration. Protozoan parasites display their own set of proteins directly altering ATPe dynamics, or control the activity of host proteins. Parasite dependent activation of ATPe conduits of the host may promote infection and systemic responses that are beneficial or detrimental to the parasite. For instance, activation of organic solute permeability at the host membrane can support the elevated metabolism of the parasite. On the other hand ecto-nucleotidases of protozoan parasites, by promoting ATPe degradation and purine/pyrimidine salvage, may be involved in parasite growth, infectivity, and virulence. In this review, we will describe the complex dynamics of ATPe regulation in the context of protozoan parasite–host interactions. Particular focus will be given to features of parasite membrane proteins strongly controlling ATPe dynamics. This includes evolutionary, genetic and cellular mechanisms, as well as structural-functional relationships.
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Abdullah, Shadan Hassan. "Ecto and Endo Parasites Prevalence in Domestic Chickens in Sulaimani Region." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v37i2.275.

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The study was conducted on 65 local adult chickens (Gallus domesticus) to investigate macro - and microscopically presence of external and internal parasites and their prevalence in Sulaimani region-Kurdistan/Iraq from May to July 2012. Results showed that 90.77 % out of total examined chickens were infested with ecto-parasites, out of that 81.36 % (48/59) were infested with lice such as (Menacanthus stramineus, Goniocotes gallinae, Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Cuclotogaster heterographus ) and 62.72 (37/59) of it with larval stage of soft tick such as (Argas persicus). Mixed infestations with more than two ecto-parasite species were detected. On the other hand 89.23% out of 65 examined chickens were infected by internal parasites including nematodes and cestodes such as (Heterakis gallinarum which formed 81% and the remains were Ascaridia galli, Cheilospirura hamulosa, Capillaria spp., Raillietina spp., Choanotaenia infundibulum, Amoebotaenia sphenoides, Hymenolepis carioca and Davaniea proglottina).
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Stampe, Karina, Ole Næsbye Larsen, and Stephanie S. Godfrey. "Ecto- and endoparasites of the King's skink (Egernia kingii) on Penguin Island." Parasitology 147, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 1094–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020000839.

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AbstractWildlife species are often host to a diversity of parasites, but our knowledge of their diversity and ecology is extremely limited, especially for reptiles. Little is known about the host-parasite ecology of the Australian lizard, the King's skink (Egernia kingii). In spring of 2015, we carried out a field-based study of a population of King's skinks on Penguin Island (Western Australia). We documented five species of parasites, including two ectoparasitic mites (an undescribed laelapid mite and Mesolaelaps australiensis), an undescribed coccidia species, and two nematode species (Pharyngodon tiliquae and Capillaria sp.). The laelapid mite was the most abundant parasite, infesting 46.9% of the 113 captured lizards. This mite species increased in prevalence and abundance over the course of the study. Infection patterns of both mites varied with lizard life-stage; sub-adults were more commonly infested with laelapid mites than adults or juveniles, and sub-adults and adults were infested by more laelapid mites than juveniles. By contrast, adults had a higher prevalence of M. australiensis than juveniles or sub-adults. Among the gastrointestinal parasites, P. tiliquae was relatively common among the sampled lizards (35.3%). These results give new important information about reptiles as parasite hosts and what factors influence infection patterns.
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MOREIRA, O. C., P. F. RIOS, F. F. ESTEVES, J. R. MEYER-FERNANDES, and H. BARRABIN. "CrATP as a new inhibitor of ecto-ATPases of trypanosomatids." Parasitology 136, no. 1 (January 2009): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008005118.

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SUMMARYTrypanosomatid protozoa include heteroxenic species some of them pathogenic for men, animals and plants. Parasite membrane contains ecto-enzymes whose active sites face the external medium rather than the cytoplasm. Herpetomonas sp. displayed a Mg2+-dependent ecto-ATPase activity, a Mg-independent ecto-ADPase and an ecto-phosphatase activity. Both, the ecto-ADPase and phosphatase activities were insensitive to CrATP (chromium(III) adenosine 5′-triphosphate complex). Ecto-ATPase activity was reversibly inhibited. At 2 mm ATP the apparent Ki was 4·7±1·0 μm but a fraction of about 40–50% was insensitive to CrATP. Remarkably, at low substrate concentration (0·2 mm) more than 90% of the ecto-ATPase was inhibited with Ki=0·33±0·10 μm. These parameter dependences are interpreted as the presence of 2 ecto-ATPases activities, one of them with high ATP apparent affinity and sensitivity to CrATP. DIDS (4,4 diisothiocyanatostilbene 2,2′ disulfonic acid), suramin and ADP were also effective as inhibitors. Only ADP presented no additive inhibition with CrATP. The pattern of partial inhibition by CrATP was also observed for the ecto-ATPase activities of Leishmania amazonensis, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli. CrATP emerges as a new inhibitor of ecto-ATPases and as a tool for a better understanding of properties and role of ecto-ATPases in the biology of parasites.
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Weaver, H. J., and L. R. Smales. "The parasite assemblages of Zyzomys argurus (Thomas, 1889) (Muridae:Murinae) from northern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 6 (2009): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09099.

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In this study, we present an analysis of the ecto- and endoparasite fauna of Zyzomys argurus from Queensland and the Northern Territory. The finding of the louse Hoplopleura zyzomydis, and the nematodes Syphacia abertoni and S. boodjamullaensis, together with the new host records for Nippostrongylus sp., Aspiculuris tetraptera and Raillietina sp., have increased the number of parasites known from Z. argurus from 18 to 24, and provide the first records of parasites from Z. argurus from central and eastern Australia. Analysis of the assemblage of parasites found from Z. argurus appears to indicate that, while intraspecific transmission of parasites is relatively common, host-switching from other species is not. The ecology of Z. argurus appears to be the main determinant of its depauperate parasite fauna.
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Costa, Graça, Luísa Costa, Maria João Santos, and E. Melo-Moreira. "A Review of the Parasites of Deep-Water Fishes from Macaronesian Islands, North-East Atlantic Ocean." Open Parasitology Journal 6, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874421401806010017.

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The deep-water fish fauna of Macaronesian islands is currently estimated at a total of 1029 different fish species, but records of both ecto- and endoparasites are from only about 30 of those species. This fact presents an exciting field of research for scientists interested in fish parasitology, by exploring the structure of parasite communities and their connections with ecological and oceanographic variables. Research on the effect of climatic changes on the parasite faunas, on the occurrence of fish parasites in man and its impact on human health, has not been carried out to date. The present review aims to collate our present knowledge about the parasites of deep-water fishes of Macaronesia, and to suggest directions for future research on the parasites of fishes from the deepwater realm. A checklist of the parasites infecting the deep-water fishes from this region is included.
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Morrill, A., J. J. Mlynarek, and M. R. Forbes. "Explaining covariation between endo- and ecto-parasites in spreadwing damselflies (Zygoptera: Lestidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 10 (October 2013): 761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0096.

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Host individuals and populations are commonly infected by more than one type of parasite, yet studies examining parasite effects on host fitness often limit observations or experiments to only a single parasite taxon or to a narrow subset of potential parasite taxa. Addressing covariation between parasite taxa is important for determining the potential for misattributing effects caused by one parasite species to another parasite species, and also for testing more broadly whether host attributes relate to exposure or susceptibility to infection. In this study, parasitism by ectoparasitic water mites (Arrenuridae) and endoparasitic gregarines (Eugregarinidae) of two spreadwing damselfly species, Lestes disjunctus Selys, 1862 and Lestes forcipatus Rambur, 1842, was measured and analyzed for covariance. No significant correlations between the intensities of the two types of infecting parasites were found when both live and resisted mites were considered. However, significant negative correlations between live mites and gregarines were consistently found in L. forcipatus host samples, but never in L. disjunctus samples. These results show some species-specific patterns of covariation between mite and gregarine infections in damselflies. We propose potential underlying causes for this correlation related to parasite–host ecology and to changes in host behaviour resulting from water mite infection of L. forcipatus.
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TASCA, T., C. D. BONAN, G. A. DE CARLI, J. J. F. SARKIS, and J. F. ALDERETE. "Heterogeneity in extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis among clinical isolates ofTrichomonas vaginalis." Parasitology 131, no. 1 (March 7, 2005): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182005007377.

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Trichomonas vaginalisis a parasitic protozoan that causes trichomonosis, a sexually-transmitted disease, with serious sequelae to women and men. As the host–parasite relationship is complex, it is important to investigate biochemical aspects of the parasite that contribute to our understanding of trichomonal biology and pathogenesis. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase 1), which hydrolyses extracellular ATP and ADP, and ecto-5′-nucleotidase, which hyrolyses AMP, have been characterized in laboratory isolates ofT. vaginalis. Here we show that the extracellular ATP[ratio ]ADP hydrolysis ratio varies among fresh clinical isolates, which presented higher ATPase and ADPase activities than long-term-grown isolates. Growth of parasites in iron-replete and iron-depleted medium resulted in different, albeit minor, patterns in extracellular ATP and ADP hydrolysis among isolates. Importantly, some isolates had low or absent ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity, regardless of environmental conditions tested. For isolates with ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity, high- and low-iron trichomonads had increased and decreased levels of activity, respectively, compared to organisms grown in normal TYM-serum medium. This suggests a regulation in expression of either the enzyme amounts and/or activity under the control of iron. Finally, we found no correlation between the presence or absence of dsRNA virus infection among trichomonad isolates and NTPDase and ecto-5′-nucleotidase activities.
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Martins, Mauricio Laterça, Lucas Cardoso, Natalia Marchiori, and Santiago Benites de Pádua. "Protozoan infections in farmed fish from Brazil: diagnosis and pathogenesis." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 24, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612015013.

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The Phylum Protozoa brings together several organisms evolutionarily different that may act as ecto or endoparasites of fishes over the world being responsible for diseases, which, in turn, may lead to economical and social impacts in different countries. Apart from the recent advances for the diagnosis of fish diseases in Brazil, little is known on the protozoan parasites and their relationship with environment and host. This revision presents the most important protozoan parasites found in farmed fish from Brazil, not only with emphasis on its diagnosis, biology, transmission and host-parasite relationship, but also on some information that may be useful to researchers in determining the correct diagnosis in fish farms.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecto parasites"

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Shati, A. A. M. "Thresholds for ecto-parasite persistence in a vertebrate metapopulation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590984.

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This thesis investigates how host metapopulation processes (local population size and dispersal) affect the prevalence and persistence of ectoparasites of water voles (Arvicola terrestris). Water voles have been found to persist as metapopulations in the study areas in northern Scotland (fragmented populations with frequent extinction and colonisation and linked by dispersal). The ectoparasites examined were: 1) three tick species: Ixodes trianguliceps, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes apronophorus; 2) four flea species: Megabothris walkeri, Peromyscopsylla spectabilis, Ctenopthalmus nobilis and Histrichopsylla talpae; 3) two species of mites: Laelaps muris and Hyperlaelaps amphibia. The prevalence and persistence of these parasites were examined over three years in 155 vole sub-populations which varied in density and isolation from each other. The effect of connectivity between vole sub-populations (where the number of immigrants a patch receives can be indexed by both the size of populations in the surrounding area and distance to these populations) on the spatial population dynamics of two tick species: a specialist small mammal tick (I. trianguliceps) and the sheep tick (I. ricinus) were examined. Connectivity had positive effects on the prevalence and burden of I. trianguliceps but not on I. ricinus. The relative effect of local (vole population size/density) versus metapopulation processes (connectivity) on the burden and prevalence of fleas was investigated. Local population dynamics had a weak influence on flea burden and prevalence (no or negative effect) whereas number of infected voles in neighbouring populations increased flea burden and prevalence. Extinction thresholds, taken as connectivity or proportion of habitat loss/“disinfection” below which a parasite cannot persist, were examined and compared for all parasites. Overall, the findings of this study show that host spatial structure and distance dependent dispersal (heterogeneous mixing) are important factors that affect parasite persistence. Therefore, these factors should be considered when planning conservation and disease control programmes.
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Betts, Alexander. "The effects of parasite diversity on eco-evolutionary dynamics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:219e3908-94bb-4fec-897f-cf918cdb37f8.

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Virtually all interacting species (such as hosts and parasites) are embedded within diverse communities. However, evolutionary interactions are typically considered in a pairwise species framework. Although coevolutionary theory suggests that multiple species interactions may provide greater opportunities for diversification, the impacts of community diversity on coevolution have not been directly tested. In this thesis I synthesize the findings from recent experimental work to assess the effects of increased species diversity on the patterns and processes of host and parasite evolution. I then investigate the effects of parasite diversity on host-parasite population dynamics and evolution using the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and five lytic bacteriophage parasites in a brief evolution experiment. Parasite diversity was manipulated by assembling phage communities with different number of species. Phage communities suppressed host populations more rapidly but also showed reduced phage density, likely due to inter-phage competition. The evolution of resistance allowed rapid bacterial recovery that was greater in magnitude with increases in phage diversity. These results were then followed up via longer term experimental coevolution of the same host and parasite communities. Here the data showed that greater parasite diversity accelerates coevolutionary arms races and drives more diversification among lineages. Coevolution between hosts and parasite communities drove more successive increases in host resistance coupled with increasingly frequent selective sweeps at the genomic level. Consistent with this, the most rapidly evolving host genes under coevolution with parasite communities were those involved in various host resistance strategies. These results demonstrate, at phenotypic and genomic levels, how areas of high community diversity may be hotspots for rapid evolution in interacting, antagonistic species. Finally, In the face of escalating antibiotic resistance, there is now an urgent need to develop alternative antimicrobials, these results may be relevant to the application of phages as therapeutics and they are discussed in that context.
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Ferreira, Caroline Gracielle Torres. "Distribuição de ecto e hemoparasitas em cães no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/21677.

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Submitted by MARCOS LEANDRO TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA (marcosteixeira@ufv.br) on 2018-09-06T12:54:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3009626 bytes, checksum: 3b580c9f317c40df5878ed0ea85913c8 (MD5)
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Diversas espécies de parasitos podem afetar a saúde dos cães e apresentam importância zoonótica pela transmissão de patógenos ao ser humano. Por isso o conhecimento da fauna ectoparasitária e de hemoparasitas é fundamental para o controle e prevenção de enfermidades. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar morfologicamente as espécies de ectoparasitas, determinar a prevalência das hemoparasitoses que acometem cães e identificar os fatores de risco associados à infecção no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram inspecionados 912 cães em 14 municípios do Rio Grande do Norte para pesquisa de ectoparasitas, e analisadas as fichas de anamnese e hemogramas de 4114 cães atendidos no HOVET/UFERSA, provenientes de 23 municípios do Estado. Foram identificadas dez espécies de ectoparasitas, sendo Rhipicephalus sanguineus o carrapato mais frequente. Registra-se a primeira ocorrência de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum, Amblyomma rotundatum e Ornithodoros spp. parasitando cães no Rio Grande do Norte. Dos animais analisados para hemoparasitas, 25,13% apresentaram resultados positivos para Anaplasma platys (71,37 %), Ehrlichia canis (8,32%), Hepatozoon canis (2,8%), Babesia canis (2,51%) e coinfecções (15%). As alterações hematológicas mais frequentes foram anemia normocítica normocrômica, leucopenia, trombocitopenia, formação de rouleaux, policromasia, hipocromasia, macrocitose, anisocitose, poiquilocitose, corpúsculos de Howell Jolly e metarrubrícitos. A sintomatologia observada nos animais positivos para hemoparasitoses foram mucosas hipocoradas, depressão, perda de peso, vômito, febre, uveíte, linfadenomegalia, diarreia. Além destes, hepatoesplenomegalia e icterícia foram observados em animais com B. canis e H. canis. Os achados dessa pesquisa alertam para os fatores de risco associados à presença de parasitas que acometem os cães domésticos, domiciliados e errantes, como importantes vetores de patógenos com potencial zoonótico. Por isso, a elaboração de medidas adequadas de controle de ectoparasitas e o tratamento dos cães com hemoparasitas são medidas importantes tanto para a medicina veterinária quanto para saúde pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte.
Several species of parasites can affect dogs health and are of zoonotic importance by the transmission of pathogens to the human being. Therefore the knowledge of ectoparasitary fauna and hemoparasites is fundamental for the control and prevention of diseases. The present study aimed to characterize morphologically the species of ectoparasites, to determine the prevalence of hemoparasitoses that affect dogs and to identify the risk factors associated with the infection in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. A total of 912 dogs were inspected in 14 cities of Rio Grande do Norte for ectoparasite research, and the records of anamnesis and hemograms of 4114 dogs seen in HOVET / UFERSA from 23 cities of the State were analyzed. Ten species of ectoparasites were identified, with Rhipicephalus sanguineus being the most frequent tick. The first occurrence of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum, Amblyomma rotundatum and Ornithodoros spp. parasitizing dogs in Rio Grande do Norte. Of the animals analyzed for hemoparasites, 25.13% presented positive results for Anaplasma platys (71.37%), Ehrlichia canis (8.32%), Hepatozzon canis (2.8%), Babesia canis 51%) and co-infections (15%). The most frequent hematological alterations were normochromic normocytic anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, rouleau formation, polychromasia, hypochromasia, macrocytosis, anisocytosis, poquilocytosis, Howell Jolly corpuscles and metarrubycytes. The symptomatology observed in the animals positive for hemoparasitoses were hypochromic mucosa, depression, weight loss, vomiting, fever, uveitis, lymphadenomegaly, diarrhea. In addition, hepatosplenomegaly and jaundice were observed in animals with B. canis and H. canis. The findings of this research point to the risk factors associated with the presence of parasites that affect domestic dogs, domiciled and wandering, as important vectors of pathogens with zoonotic potential. Therefore, the development of adequate measures to control ectoparasites and the treatment of dogs with hemoparasites are important measures for both veterinary medicine and public health in the State of Rio Grande do Norte.
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Schlotz, Nina [Verfasser]. "Eco-physiological consequences of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids for host-parasite interactions / Nina Schlotz." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1102364886/34.

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O'Sullivan, T. N. "The chemical behaviour and eco-toxicity of Cu-CRG molluscicides : as used in attempts to control the snail hosts of schistosomiasis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356083.

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Assis, Elisângela Aparecida de. "Influência da manutenção de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis em meio de cultura axênico sobre a infecciosidade dos parasitos e sua correlação com a atividade ecto-nucleotidásica." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós Graduação, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/2555.

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Parasitos pertencentes ao gênero Leishmania quando são mantidos em cultura por passagens sucessivas apresentam redução na infecciosidade. As cepas infectantes dos parasitos possuem maior atividade ecto-nucleotidásica do que as não infectantes. Para avaliar a existência de correlação entre o tempo de manutenção em cultura, a infecciosidade e a hidrólise de nucleotídeos em Leishmania amazonensis o parasito citado foi mantido em cultura por passagens sucessivas. Os parasitos mantidos em cultura por poucas passagens (p<15) apresentaram maior hidrólise dos nucleotídeos ATP, ADP e AMP e maior porcentagem de formas infectantes quando comparados com aqueles mantidos em cultura por várias passagens (p>100). Para avaliar o curso da infecção causada por passagens diferentes do parasito, os camundongos C57BL/6 foram inoculados na pata com formas promastigotas totais ou metacíclicas. O curso da infecção foi acompanhado por um período de oito semanas. Os camundongos inoculados com os parasitos mantidos em cultura por poucas passagens desenvolveram lesões maiores e produziram IFN- em menor quantidade quando comparados com o grupo de animais que recebeu o inóculo dos parasitos mantidos em cultura por várias passagens. Não foi verificada a produção de IL-4. O re-isolamento de parasitos, dos animais inoculados com os parasitos mantidos em cultura por várias passagens, mostra que apenas uma passagem pelo hospedeiro vertebrado não alterou a atividade ecto-nucleotidásica. O observado indica que a manutenção dos parasitos em cultura pode selecionar aqueles que apresentam reduzida atividade ecto-nucleotidásica. O tratamento dos parasitos mantidos em cultura por poucas passagens com adenosina causou alteração no metabolismo de nucleotídeos e na infecciosidade dos mesmos. Os dados sugerem a existência de correlação entre o tempo de manutenção em cultura, a infecciosidade e a atividade ecto-nucleotidásica em L. amazonensis. _______________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT: It is usually accepted that maintenance of Leishmania parasites in culture leads to a decrease in the parasite’s ability to cause infection in the vertebrate host. Previous work from our laboratory suggests that the infectivity of different Leishmania species correlates with the level of ecto-nucleotidasic activity. Studies from other laboratories, also demonstrated that no infectivity strains of Leishmania amazonensis have decreased apirasic activity. Based on these evidences, the present study evaluated the correlation between the maintenance of L. amazonensis in culture for several passages (>100), the ecto-nucleotidasic activity, its infectivity and the immune response induced by the infection in C57BL/6 mice. Our results show that long term culture of L. amazonensis not only leads to decreased metacyclogenesis but, more importantly, that these parasites present reduced ecto-nucleotidasic activity. This decreased infectivity is associated with a decrease in IFN-g production by lymph node and spleen cells. Furthermore, re-isolation of long term cultured parasites from lesions of infected mice did not recover the level of ectonucleotidasic activity. Finally, we show that treatment of L. amazonensis promastigote cultures with adenosine leads to a decreased ability to hydrolyze extracellular ATP and ADP and that infection by these parasites resulted in decreased lesion development. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that infectivity by Leishmania parasites is, at least, partially dependent on the activity of ecto-nucleotidases.
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Molbert, Noëlie. "Host-parasites transfer of micropollutants and eco-physiological consequences on a freshwater fish : case study of chub-acanthocephalan model." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS102.

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L'exposition à des mélanges complexes de substances chimiques dans l'environnement peut avoir de graves conséquences pour les animaux sauvages. En milieux naturels, ces organismes sont également affectés par de nombreux autres facteurs de stress, y compris le parasitisme. L'exposition chimique et l'infection parasitaire ont toutes deux été bien étudiées et documentées, mais dans de nombreux cas, elles ont été étudiées indépendamment l'une de l'autre. Cependant, il est crucial d'évaluer simultanément leur effet combiné étant donné que certains parasites peuvent interférer sur le devenir des polluants chez leur hôte grâce à leur capacité de bioaccumulation. Sur la base d'une étude de terrain, complétée par une approche expérimentale, j'ai étudié le devenir et les conséquences de six familles de contaminants organiques, et certains de leurs métabolites, dans un système hôte-parasite composé d'un poisson d'eau douce et de son parasite intestinal, Pomphorhynchussp. issus de la Marne, en France. Plus précisément, j'ai cherché à savoir si ces vers intestinaux étaient capables d'accumuler des substances toxiques et comment leur présence affectait la réponse au stress de leur hôte exposé aux contaminants environnementaux, à différents échelles biologiques à l'aide de biomarqueurs généraux (télomère, lysozyme, peroxydase, antioxydants, dommages oxydatifs, microbiote intestinal, indices de Fulton et hépatosomatique). Nous avons démontré que ces vers intestinaux étaient capables d'accumuler des contaminants organiques, de détoxifier leurs hôtes et que leurs effets sur l’hôte basculaient de négatifs à positifs à mesure que l'exposition aux contaminants organiques augmentait
Exposure to complex mixtures of environmental contaminants may have severe consequences in free-living. Under natural conditions, organisms are also exposed to other stressors, including parasites. Both chemical exposure and parasite infection have been well studied and documented, but have in many cases been investigated independently from one another. However, it is crucial to simultaneously assess their combined effect on wild organisms given that parasites may interfere with the fate of environmental contaminants within their host through their bioaccumulation capacity. Based on a field study, completed by an experimental approach, I investigated the fate and consequences of six families of organic contaminants, and some of their metabolites, in a host-parasite system composed of a freshwater fish, the European chub, Squalius cephalus, and its intestinal parasite, Pomphorhynchus sp. from the Marne River, France. Specifically, I investigated whether intestinal parasites were able to accumulate toxicants and how their presence affected the stress response of their definitive host exposed to environmental contaminants, at different biological levels with the use of general biomarkers (telomere, lysozyme, peroxidase, antioxidants, oxidative damage, gut microbiota, Fulton’s index and hepatosomatic index). Importantly, we demonstrated that intestinal worms were able to accumulate organic contaminants, detoxify their hosts and that their effects on the host shifted from negative to positive as chemical exposure increased
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Alves, Ana Rita Esteves. "Ecto e endoparasitas em animais de companhia: protocolos de desparasitação." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/7521.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
As parasitoses dos animais de companhia possuem um importante papel na sua saúde e bem-estar, podendo levar ao seu comprometimento. Também para o homem podem representar um perigo se falarmos nas zoonoses parasitárias. Os protocolos de desparasitação usados são pensados em função dos parasitas em questão e dos possíveis fatores de risco que podem potenciar o aparecimento de parasitismo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal a recolha de amostras biológicas e a sua caracterização no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Porto (UPVet), de setembro a dezembro de 2015, de forma a verificar os ecto e endoparasitas que surgem diariamente na prática clínica, os potenciais fatores de risco que possam favorecer a sua presença e os protocolos de desparasitação mais utilizados. Durante o período de estágio foi possível diagnosticar os ectoparasitas Ctenocephalides felis, Otodectes cynotis, parasitas do género Demodex e Sarcoptes scabiei, e os endoparasitas Toxocara canis, T. cati, Dipylidium caninum, Leishmania infantum e Babesia microti-like. Verificou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a presença de T. canis e a idade inferior a 12 meses (p = 0,037). Também se observou que os animais parasitados, com ectoparasitas, apresentaram de forma significativa a presença de sinais clínicos compatíveis com a parasitose (p = 0,029). Relativamente aos protocolos de desparasitação, verificou-se que 62,2% e 67,6% dos animais estavam corretamente desparasitados externa e internamente, respetivamente, sendo a associação imidaclopride e permetrina a mais usada de ectoparasiticidas em cães (36,4%), e o imidaclopride nos gatos (33,3%), administrados mensalmente. Para os endoparasiticidas as associações febantel, pirantel e praziquantel e pirantel e praziquantel foram as mais utilizadas no cão e no gato, respetivamente (58,8% e 22,2%) em intervalos inferiores a quatro meses. Face aos resultados encontrados neste estudo, e apesar de mais de metade dos animais incluídos no estudo estarem corretamente desparasitados, é importante não negligenciar as medidas profiláticas, incluindo a administração regular de antiparasitários, contribuindo assim para a diminuição da prevalência das infeções parasitárias.
Parasitic diseases of companion animals, dog and cat, play an important role on animal health and welfare. Furthermore, the zoonotic potential of some parasitic infections make them of public health importance. Antiparasitic protocols are established according to the parasites in question and the risk factors that may potentiate the parasitism. The main aim of this study was to collect biological samples and data, from September to December of 2015, in the Veterinary Hospital of University of Porto (UPVet) in order to identify the ecto and endoparasites that daily appear in the clinical practice, the potential risk factors that could support their presence and the most used antiparasitic protocols. During the time of practices, it was possible to diagnose the ectoparasites Ctenocephalides felis, Otodectes cynotis, Demodex genre and Sarcoptes scabiei and the endoparasites Toxocara canis, T. cati, Dipylidium caninum, Leishmania infantum and Babesia microti-like. A statistically significant difference was found between the presence of T. canis and age less than 12 months (p = 0.037). Animals with ectoparasites showed significant clinical signs compatible with the parasitosis (p = 0.029). Regarding the antiparasitic protocols, it was found that 62.2% and 66.7% of the studied animals were correctly dewormed against ecto and endoparasites respectively. The monthly association imidacloprid and permethrin was the most used ectoparasitic drugs in dogs (36.4%) and imidaclopride in cats (33.3%). For the endoparasitic drugs, the association febantel, pyrantel and praziquantel in dogs (58,8%) and pyrantel and praziquantel in cats (22.2%), at intervals less than four months, were the most frequently. In face of the present results, and even though more than half of the animals included in this study were correctly dewormed, preventive measures should not be neglected, including regular administration of antiparasitic drugs, contributing to a prevalence decrease in parasitic infections.
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Boyer, Julie. "Forma y función de los juegos fónicos en el habla juvenil de Puebla (México)." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11001.

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Dans le parler des jeunes du Mexique, on retrouve, entre autres formes de vitalité linguistique, un usage fréquent de jeux phoniques qui transforment ou substituent des lexèmes et syntagmes sans qu'il y ait altération significative du signifié. Ce phénomène linguistique utilise trois procédés phoniques: la suffixation parasitaire, la substitution lexicale basée sur la similitude phonique et l'enchaînement en écho. Le présent mémoire contribue à remplir un vide dans la littérature scientifique et faire connaître ce phénomène peu étudié en explorant les aspects formels linguistiques et les fonctions sociales. Nous cherchons à établir les relations qui existent entre la structure linguistique et les fonctions linguistiques et sociales inhérentes à l'usage de jeux phoniques. L'étude empirique menée dans la ville de Puebla (Mexique) a permis la collecte d'un corpus de plus de deux cents jeux phoniques et la réalisation d'entrevues sociolinguistiques avec dix-huit jeunes de Puebla usagers des expressions étudiées. Nous proposons une classification du corpus de jeux phoniques basée sur la structure formelle afin d'apprécier que le phénomène réponde à des patrons fixes de construction. Suite à une analyse thématique des entrevues que nous appuyons d'exemples de jeux phoniques, nous verrons que l'usage de jeux phoniques joue principalement une fonction poétique, ludique ainsi qu'une fonction de cohésion sociale et une fonction identitaire. La présente étude confirme que le caractère non normatif et cryptique intrinsèque aux jeux de mots sert à renforcer ces fonctions sociales, à la manière d'un parler argotique.
In the youth speech of Mexico a frequent use of phonic wordplays that transform or substitute lexemes and phrases without significant alteration of the signifier are found among linguistic vitality signs. This linguistic phenomenon uses three phonic techniques: parasitic suffixation, lexical substitution based on phonic similarity and echo chaining. This report contributes by filling a void in the scientific literature and to expose this overlooked phenomenon by exploring its formal linguistic aspects and social functions. The aim of this study is to establish the relationship between linguistic structure and linguistic and social functions inherent to phonic wordplay use. The empiric study conducted in Puebla (Mexico) allowed the collection of a corpus of more than two hundred phonic wordplays and the realization of sociolinguistic interviews with eighteen Puebla youth, who employ the studied expressions. This work proposes a classification of the corpus based on their formal structure in order to highlight that the phenomenon conforms to fixed patterns of construction. After a thematic analysis of the interviews, with an emphasis on phonic wordplay examples, we observe that the use of phonic wordplays mainly accomplishes poetic and ludic, as well as social cohesion and identity functions. This study confirms that the non-normative and cryptic characteristics intrinsic to phonic wordplays help to reinforce the aforementioned social functions as an argotic speech.
En el habla de los jóvenes de México encontramos, entre otras muestras de vitalidad lingüística, un uso frecuente de juegos fónicos que transforman o sustituyen lexemas y sintagmas sin que haya alteración significativa del significado. Este fenómeno lingüístico utiliza tres recursos fónicos: la sufijación parasitaria, la sustitución léxica por similitud fónica y el encadenamiento en eco. La presente memoria contribuye a llenar un vacío en la literatura científica y dar a conocer este fenómeno poco estudiado, explorando los aspectos formales lingüísticos y las funciones sociales. Buscamos establecer las relaciones que existen entre la estructura lingüística y las funciones lingüísticas y sociales inherentes al uso de los juegos fónicos. El estudio empírico que se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Puebla (México) permitió la recolección de un corpus de más de doscientos juegos fónicos y la realización de entrevistas sociolingüísticas con dieciocho jóvenes poblanos usuarios de las expresiones estudiadas. Proponemos una clasificación del corpus de juegos fónicos basada en la estructura formal para apreciar que el fenómeno responde a patrones fijos de construcción. Tras un análisis temático de las entrevistas, que apoyamos con ejemplos de juegos fónicos, veremos que el uso de juegos fónicos cumple principalmente una función poética, lúdica, así como una función de cohesión social y una función identitaria. El presente estudio confirma que el carácter no normativo y críptico intrínseco a los juegos fónicos sirve para reforzar estas funciones sociales, a modo de habla argótica.
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Books on the topic "Ecto parasites"

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K, Roy P. Ecto and endo parasites of captive animals and birds of Nandankanan zoo: Final project report. New Delhi: [Central Zoo Authority], 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ecto parasites"

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Freitas-Mesquita, Anita Leocadio, and José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes. "Ecto-nucleotidases and Ecto-phosphatases from Leishmania and Trypanosoma Parasites." In Subcellular Biochemistry, 217–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7305-9_10.

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Owen, Jeb P., and Dana M. Hawley. "Host-Parasite Interactions." In Eco-immunology, 73–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8712-3_4.

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Benelli, Giovanni. "Plant-Synthesized Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly Tool Against Mosquito Vectors?" In Nanoparticles in the Fight Against Parasites, 155–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25292-6_8.

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Lopes, Everaldo Antônio, Rosangela Dallemole-Giaretta, Wânia dos Santos Neves, Douglas Ferreira Parreira, and Paulo Afonso Ferreira. "Eco-friendly Approaches to the Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes." In Plant Health Under Biotic Stress, 167–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6043-5_9.

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Bajaj, Ruchika, Ram Prasad, Ajit Varma, and Kathryn E. Bushley. "The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Mycorrhizal-Like Fungus Piriformospora indica in Biocontrol of Plant Parasitic Nematodes." In Mycorrhiza - Eco-Physiology, Secondary Metabolites, Nanomaterials, 43–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57849-1_3.

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Mittelbach, Gary G., and Brian J. McGill. "Some concluding remarks and a look ahead." In Community Ecology, 334–40. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835851.003.0017.

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This chapter reflects on the successes achieved and challenges that remain in the study of ecological communities. It concludes with a discussion of research topics expected to occupy the attention of community ecologists for the next decade or so and that may yield big dividends in terms of understanding the processes that structure communities and govern their functioning. These include metacommunities and the integration of local and regional processes; the drivers of regional biodiversity; community assembly and functional traits; pathogens, parasites and natural enemies; biodiversity and ecosystem functioning; changing technology will change how we collect data; eco-evolutionary feedbacks and regional pool processes; climate change, and its effects on species distributions and species interactions; and the role of time.
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Dogru, Sedat, Sebahattin Topal, Aydan M. Erkmen, and Ismet Erkmen. "A Framework for Prototyping of Autonomous Multi-Robot Systems for Search, Rescue, and Reconnaissance." In Prototyping of Robotic Systems, 407–37. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0176-5.ch014.

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Robots consistently help humans in dangerous and complex tasks by providing information about, and executing tasks in disaster areas that are highly unstructured, uncertain, possibly hostile, and sometimes not reachable to humans directly. Prototyping autonomous multi-robot systems in disaster scenarios both as hardware platforms and software can provide foundational infrastructure in comparing performance of different methodologies developed for search, rescue, monitoring and reconnaissance. In this chapter, the authors discuss prototyping modules of heterogeneous multi-robot networks and their design characteristics for two different scenarios, namely Search and Rescue in unstructured complex environments, and connectivity maintenance in Sycophant Wireless Sensor Networks which are static ecto-parasitic clandestine sensor networks mounted incognito on mobile agents using only the agent’s mobility without intervention, and are cooperating with sparse mobile robot sensor networks.
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Guerbouj, Souheila, Imen MkadaDriss, and Ikram Guizani. "Molecular Tools for Understanding Eco-Epidemiology, Diversity and Pathogenesis of Leishmania Parasites." In Leishmaniasis - Trends in Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. InTech, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57510.

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Ahmed, Toqeer, Irfan Liaqat, and Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder. "Nanotechnology Based Emerging Approaches to Combat Malaria and Dengue Fever." In Handbook of Research on Nano-Strategies for Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance and Cancer, 188–205. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5049-6.ch008.

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Nanotechnology has vast applications in virtually all the fields including health and environment. Nanomaterials have different origins like plants, animals, metals, and microorganisms. They have larvicidal activities against mosquito larvae that cause malaria and dengue fever which are most malicious parasitic diseases of human beings. Multidrug resistance of malaria has been reported in different parts of Southeast Asia especially to the first line of antimalarial drugs. Nanomaterials having different origin, sizes, concentrations, and shapes, have varied efficacy against the vectors which are comparable with the commercially available insecticides and even have better results than the same. Nanomaterials can be used as an alternative to commercially available insecticides for the eradication of vectors causing both the diseases. In this chapter, types, sources, composition, larvicidal potential against vectors of nanomaterials have been discussed along with possible toxicity and future recommendations on the eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquito-borne diseases.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ecto parasites"

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Thomaz, A. A. de, L. Y. Pozzo, A. Fontes, D. B. Almeida, C. V. Stahl, J. R. Santos-Mallet, S. A. O. Gomes, et al. "Optical Tweezers Force Measurements to Study Parasites Chemotaxis." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2009.7367_1a.

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Kitvimonrat, Apichon, Natthaporn Hongcharoen, Sanparith Marukatat, and Sarin Watcharabutsarakham. "Automatic Detection and Characterization of Parasite Eggs using Deep Learning Methods." In 2020 17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecti-con49241.2020.9158084.

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Jaemin Shin, Chang-Ki Kwon, Xiaonan Zhang, and Timothy Michalka. "Accurate two-step measurement-based parasitic capacitance extraction for high speed memory interface." In 2009 IEEE 59th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2009.5074274.

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Wongsiritorn, P., C. Phongcharoenpanich, D. Torrungrueng, and M. Krairiksh. "UHF-RFID tag antenna design using dipole with parasitic lines." In 2009 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2009.5137166.

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Laurant, Christine, Johan Delaine, Pierre Perichon, Benoit Thollin, Charley Lanneluc, Antoine Izoulet, Manon Porlan, Rene Escoffier, Jean Brun, and Jacques Favre. "Very low parasitic inductance double side cooling power modules based on ceramic substrates and GaN devices." In 2020 IEEE 70th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc32862.2020.00222.

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Taonok, Chawangsak, and Charinsak Saetiaw. "Design of Unbalance Slot Printed Dipole Antenna with Triangle Parasitic Element for DTV Receiver." In 2020 17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecti-con49241.2020.9158107.

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Piboonwattanakit, K., and W. Khan-ngern. "Parasitic Capacitance Cancellation of Filter in Power Supply Using Mutual Capacitance Technique." In 2008 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2008.4600606.

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Sakuna, N., R. Muanghlua, S. Niemcharoen, A. Ruangphanit, and A. Poyai. "Temperature and devices dimension dependence on threshold voltage, the low field mobilty and the series parasitic resistance of PMOSFET." In 2013 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2013.6559490.

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Suwalak, Rattapong, and Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich. "A two-square-aperture antenna excited by a probe on rectangular ground plane with elliptical parasitic patch for UHF-RFID reader." In 2008 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2008.4600434.

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