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OLA-FADUNSIN, Shola D., Fufa I. GIMBA, Donea A. ABDULLAH, and Mohammed KONTO. "Epidemiology of Avian Ectoparasitic Infestations Diagnosed in Osun State Veterinary Hospitals, Southwest Nigeria." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10210239.
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Ectoparasitism is the most devastating parasitic condition of poultry after coccidiosis. The present study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with avian ectoparasitism in Osun State, Nigeria. Data was obtained from avian species presented at the major Veterinary Hospitals in Osun State between January 2006 and December 2015. A total of 4,584 avian species were presented in the period under review. Of the presented birds, 2,665 (58.14%) were young, while 1,919 (41.86%) were adults. One thousand nine hundred and ninety four (43.50%) were male and 2,590 (56.50%) were female. More birds (2,868, 62.57%) were presented during the wet season compared to the dry season (1,716, 37.43%). Turkeys 2,088 (45.55%) were the most frequently presented bird type, followed by layers 1,476 (32.20%) and local chickens 1,020 (22.25%). A total of 324 (7.07%) avian species were diagnosed for ectoparasitic infestations, of which lice infestation was the most prevalent (216, 4.71%) followed by flea infestation (72, 1.57%), tick infestation (24, 0.52%) and mite infestation (12, 0.26%). There was no defined pattern in the yearly and monthly prevalence of ectoparasite infestations. Age, sex, seasons and species were significantly associated (P<0.05) with the prevalence of ectoparasitic infestations. The study showed a low prevalence of ectoparasite infestations among avian species in the study area; however strategic measures should be taken to control these ectoparasites in Osun State, Nigeria, so as to maximize productivity in the poultry sector.
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Heukelbach, Jörg, Shelley F. Walton, and Hermann Feldmeier. "Ectoparasitic infestations." Current Infectious Disease Reports 7, no. 5 (September 2005): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-005-0012-2.
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Jamshidi, Shahram, Nadi Maazi, Shahrokh Ranjbar-Bahadori, Mahdiyeh Rezaei, Pedram Morakabsaz, and Morteza Hosseininejad. "A survey of ectoparasite infestation in dogs in Tehran, Iran." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 21, no. 3 (September 2012): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612012000300030.
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This survey was conducted to identify and estimate the frequencies of ectoparasites of dogs in Tehran, Iran. A total of 143 dogs attended at the Small Animal Hospital of the Veterinary School, the University of Tehran, were examined for the presence of ectoparasites and dermatological lesions. Ectoparasite specimens and blood samples were sent to parasitology and hematology laboratories, respectively. Ticks were the most frequent ectoparasite (36.4%, 52/143), followed by fleas (29.4%, 42/143), mites (25.9%, 37/143), and lice (8.4%, 12/143). Mixed infestations with two or more ectoparasites were detected in eight dogs. Rhipicephalus bursa was the most frequent ectoparasite in spring and summer. Ectoparasitic infestations were recorded mainly in large breeds and juvenile animals. Eosinophilia was more observed in dogs infested with Sarcoptes scabiei. The most common clinical sign, skin pruritus, was associated with mite and lice infestations. These results indicate that the tick R. bursa was the most prominent species of ectoparasite found in the evaluated group, followed by Ctenocephalides canis and S. scabiei var canis.
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Zineldar, Hend, Naser Zeid, Mohamed Eisa, Emad Bennour, and Wafaa Neshwey. "Prevalence, clinical presentation, and therapeutic outcome of ectoparasitic infestations in dogs in Egypt." Open Veterinary Journal 13, no. 12 (2023): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i12.13.
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Background: Skin diseases are usually chronic in nature but not life-threatening. They affect the well-being and pose a threat to the general health of the affected animals. Aim: This study aimed to investigate epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of ectoparasitic infestations in dogs in a number of Egyptian governorates. Methods: Ninety dogs (58 males and 32 females) aged from one month to eleven years from six Egyptian governorates were clinically examined during the years 2022 and 2023. Skin scraping samples were taken from all examined dogs, and deep ear swab specimens from five dogs suspected to have ear mites were obtained and parasitologically examined. Different ectoparasites were classified according to their morphological features. Twenty dogs were treated in four different patterns of administration of local, systemic, and supportive medications. Results: The prevalence of ectoparasite infestation in examined dogs was 64% (58/90). The majority of ectoparasitic infestations (50/58) were single, while the rest (8/58) were mixed. Ninespecies of ectoparasites of fourtaxa were identified: a tick species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus); which had the highest prevalence among isolated ectoparasites from dogs (29%, 26/90), three flea species (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides orientis and Ctenocephalides felis) isolated from 18 out of 90 cases (20%), two types of dog chewing louse species (Trichodectes canis and Heterodoxus spiniger) isolated from 2/90 (2.2%) and three mite species: Demodex canis (18/90, 20%), Sarcoptes scabei var. canis (5/90, 6%) and Otodectes cynotis (2/90, 2.2%). The logistic regression analysis of the potential risk factors associated with the prevalence of ectoparasites in dogs revealed that the age, breed, housing environment, habitat, and season were the significant factors affecting the prevalence of ectoparasites (p<0.05 in contrast dog gender did not have a significant effect. Treated dogs showed variations in recovery times and dogs received ancillary treatment showed rapid skin improvement and hair regrowth. Doramectin was effective against ticks and fleas, but Fluralaner was more effective against Demodex mites. Conclusion: The prevalence of ectoparasites in dogs in Egypt could be considered as high and necessitates efforts toward accurate diagnosis, treatment, and control to reduce their impact on animal and public health.
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Copland, Anna LJ, and Hany M. Elsheikha. "CPD article: An updated review of the indications and adverse drug events associated with the ectoparasiticides used in small animal practice." Companion Animal 25, no. 10 (November 2, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0069.
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The global burden of ectoparasitic infestations is exacerbated by the lack of licensed vaccines, meaning safe and effective ectoparasiticide drugs are vital to their prevention and treatment. However, adverse clinical consequences of treatments for ectoparasites affect thousands of cats and dogs in the UK each year. The unpredictable outcomes of these treatments in some animals can be associated with undesirable consequences and there is a lack of knowledge surrounding their use. This article discusses indications of the major classes of ectoparasiticides used in small animal practice and highlights the types of adverse drug reactions associated with the parasiticides used to treat ectoparasite infestations in dogs and cats. Overall, the incidence of adverse drug events reported in relation to ectoparasiticide use, compared to the total doses administered globally, is small. The potential consequences for animal and human health of not using ectoparasiticides is likely to be more serious than the current rate of adverse drug reactions being reported. The benefits of protection from ectoparasite infestations will therefore outweigh the potential consequences of adverse events associated with such treatment.
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Estrada, Benjamin. "Ectoparasitic infestations in homeless children." Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/spid.2003.127213.
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Yevstafieva, V., K. Horb, V. Melnychuk, T. Bakhur, and D. Feshchenko. "Ectoparasites Ctenocephalides (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) in the Composition of Mixed Infestations in Domestic Dogs from Poltava, Ukraine." Folia Veterinaria 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2020-0026.
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AbstractOne of the most common ectoparasites on domestic carnivores are fleas from the genus Ctenocephalides. This group of blood sucking insects are one of the most important in medical and veterinary terms, as they can serve as carriers of dangerous infectious and may cause other invasive diseases. Research studies have established a variety of fleas and other contagions parasitizing domestic dogs in Poltava, Ukraine. Certain peculiarities of these ectoparasitic studies, as a part of mixed infestations of dogs, have recently been determined. The results of the studies have shown that the species composition of the fleas was represented by two main species. The dominant species was Ct. felis, and their prevalence was 36.05 %. Another species (Ct. canis) was diagnosed less often and had a prevalence of 27.94 %. It was found that in 31.18 % of the dogs, the blood-sucking insects were mostly parasitizing in the form of an associations with: nematoda (Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Uncinaria stenocephala), Cestoda (Dipylidium caninum), protozoa (Cystoisospora canis), and another ectoparasite (Trichodectes canis). Overall, 33 types of mixed infestations were detected. Moreover, the number of different parasitic species in each dog ranged from one to seven. Fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides (in the composition of two species of parasites) were registered the most often (14.60 %). The infestation of dogs with other forms of mixed infestations was 0.69—8.01 %. The most frequent co-members for Ct. felis were Cestoda [D. caninum (13.47 %)], for Ct. canis—Cestoda [D. caninum (11.23 %)] and Nematoda [T. vulpis (8.29 %)].
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Mustafa, Md Murshed Hasan, Md Rafiul Islam, Md Mukhlesur Rahman, and Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder. "Prevalence of Ecto and Endo Parasitic Infections Among Bapard Cattle Farm and Gopalganj District of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 9, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v9i2.61620.
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Surveillance was conducted to investigate the ecto-and endo-parasitic (gastrointestinal) infections of bapard cattle farm from July 2020 to June 2021 at the Laboratories of BAPARD and Department of Parasitology, BAU. In the study area, a total number of 600 fecal samples and 250 ectoparasites were collected and investigated. Fecal samples were examined by direct smear method followed by McMaster counting technique under microscope. The overall prevalence of endoparasitic (gastrointestinal) infections was 67.5% and ectoparasitic infection was 56%. Prevalence of endoparasite was more frequent in rainy season (52.35%) followed by summer (26.91%) and winter season (20.74%) whereas prevalence of ectoparasite was more prevalent in summer (34.00%) followed by rainy (12.00%) and winter (8.00%) season. Among the endoparasitic infections,high prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (20.00%) was found in rainy season whereas Haemonchus spp. (11.67%) and Toxocara spp. (10.83%) were higher in summer season. In cattle, prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (24.00%) and Haemonchus spp. (15.00%) was higher in adult cattle whereas prevalence of Toxocara spp. (25.00%) and coccidian parasitic infection (17.5%) was higher in calf than adult animal. The overall prevalence of ectoparasite was 56% and tick infestation was highest prevalent (20.00%) followed by lice (16.00%), mange (12.00%) and maggot infestations (8.00%). High humidity (above 70%) and temperature provoke high endo and ectoparasitic infections among cattle populations indicate reduced farm productivity and profitability in the study area. Therefore, training of the cattle farmers on the knowledge and appropriate implementation and use of anthelmintic will help to reduce the morbidity of ecto and endoparasitic infections among cattle populations.
Vol. 9, No. 2, August 2022: 145-152
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KÜNTÜZ, Tuğba, Yiğit GÜNEŞ, Ataman Bilge SARI, and Oya ÜSTÜNER KELEŞ. "Navigating the Resistance: Current Perspectives on Ectoparasite Control in Veterinary Medicine." Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 2 (August 7, 2023): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1328872.
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Ectoparasites present a global challenge to animal health, affecting a wide range of species. These parasites can infect both animals and humans, leading to significant health issues. The impact of ectoparasites extends beyond health, as they can also reduce the productivity of livestock. Moreover, many ectoparasite species act as vectors for bacterial, viral, or parasitic pathogens, thereby posing significant risks to human and animal health. Historically, agents such as organochlorides, organophosphates, carbamates, insect growth regulators, neonicotinoids, spinosad, fipronil, avermectins, isoxazolines, and synthetic pyrethroids have been extensively used to treat and prevent ectoparasitic infestations. However, the extensive use of these chemicals has resulted in the development of resistance among many target species, potentially reducing the effectiveness of these treatments. This article aims to survey the current status of resistance in ectoparasites to active pharmaceutical ingredients used in veterinary medicine. It also seeks to update the understanding of resistance mechanisms and explore measures that can be implemented to prevent the development of resistance.
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Brasil Gadelha Farias, Luís Arthur, Tainá Catarina Campos Lima Gonçalves, Evelyne Santana Girão, Maria Jânia Teixeira, Fabrício Kássio Moura Santos, Maria Isabel Eloy De Oliveira Silva, Luciana Vládia Carvalhedo Fragoso, Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto, and Jorge Luiz Nobre Rodrigues. "Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) infestation in a surgery ward from northeastern Brazil." Revista de Patologia Tropical / Journal of Tropical Pathology 53, no. 1 (March 21, 2024): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v53i1.74916.
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Bed bugs are arthropods of public health significance that have experienced a global resurgence. In this context, we are reporting a bed bug infestation in a surgical ward in Brazil. Thirteen patients in the surgical ward were identified as having diffuse erythematous maculopapular lesions of unknown origin. Similar signs and symptoms were observed among healthcare professionals in the same unit. The issue was addressed with all relevant departments, and a multifaceted approach was adopted to manage the infestation. Bed bugs may potentially pose health risks to both patients and healthcare professionals. It is imperative to actively monitor the structural integrity of the hospital’s physical facilities to prevent arthropod infestations. KEY WORDS: Bed bugs; Cimex lectularius; ectoparasitic infestations; hospitals.
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Hanif, MA, M. Mostofa, ME Choudhury, MA Awal, MM Rahman, and MR Sultana. "EFFICACY OF IVERMECTIN (POUR ON FORMULATION) AGAINST ECTOPARASITES IN SHEEP." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 3, no. 2 (July 23, 2012): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v3i2.11395.
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The research has been carried out from February to March 2005 on 20 sheep (infested and non infested with ectoparasites) of both sexes aged upto 3 to 4 years at the animal house of Veterinary Clinic, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the efficacy of ivermectin pour on (Ivermec® Pour on, Ethical Drugs Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh) against ectoparasites and its effect on certain haematological (Hb, TEC and PCV) parameters and body weight gain. Fifteen sheep heavily infested with different ectoparasites were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (groups B, C and D) consisting of 5 sheep in each. Another 5 sheep free from any ectoparasitic infestation were kept as uninfested control group (group A). Topical ivermectin preparation was administered at the dose rate of 400 ?g/kg body weight (pour on) and 500 ?g/kg body weight (pour on) in groups C and D respectively whereas sheep of group B was kept as infested control. The therapeutic efficacy of ivermectin was 100% against ectoparasites (lice and tick) after 7 days of treatment. The mean body weight of the sheep of treated groups (C and D) were increased after treatment with ivermectin, on day 28 post treatment. Similarly, total erythrocyte count (TEC) and hemoglobin (Hb) content was increased significantly. However, PCV was also influenced appreciably. From this experiment, it may be suggested that ivermectin is a very much suitable broad spectrum anthelmintic for sheep and its pour on formulation may be used effectively and conveniently to treat ectoparasitic infestations.
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Tzn, Binnur, Aslihan Saygin, Ronni Wolf, Mustafa zdemir, and Yalçin Tzn. "Anogenital lesions (viral diseases and ectoparasitic infestations): unapproved treatments." Clinics in Dermatology 20, no. 6 (November 2002): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-081x(02)00288-2.
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Rahman, Shaziea, and Bidhan Chandra Das. "Anthelmintic efficacy of some medicinal plants to control mange in goat in Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i3.44804.
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Parasitism is an important limiting factor that responsible for deteriorating the health and productivity of livestock. Goat rearing is hindered by various problems, among them parasitism is an important limiting factor in Bangladesh as the climatic condition of the country favors the development and survival of various parasites. Of the parasitic problems, ectoparasitic infestations are commonly seen in goats. Common ectoparasites of animals are ticks, lice and mites which cause considerable amount of blood loss, irritation and annoyance. Mange infested goats bite and rub the affected area so that the affected skin becomes abraded. Ectoparasitic infestations reduce the quality and market value of valuable skin. Besides, ectoparasites transmit various types of deadly pathogens of animals. The objectives of this study to find out the alternative measures of mange control especially with herbal products. In the experimental study of mange control, fifteen affected goats of both sexes, aged between 10 and 30 months which were divided into four groups randomly and 3 goats were considered in each group. The treatments were considered with control (A), Neem ointment (B), Ata ointment (C), Mehedi ointment (D).The control experiment was conducted during November’2012 to December’2012 in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. A descriptive statistical analysis and ANOVA were used for the results of clinical parameters (hair coat, skin lesion bodyweight and adverse effects). The recovery of skin lesion was statistically significant (P<0.10) in all treatment groups except control group (P>0.10).The bodyweight was increased in all treatment groups and it was decreased in control group which was significant (P>0.10).In the herbal ointments, Neem(Azadirachtaindica) was more effective for control of mange in goats than Mehidi (Lawsoniainermis) and Ata (Annonareticulata). Further studies are required to clarify the efficacy of the ethno veterinary widely used in agro ecologies, animal species and livestock management system in Bangladesh.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 389-396, December 2019
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Oddie, Melissa A. Y., Sandra Lanz, Bjørn Dahle, Orlando Yañez, and Peter Neumann. "Virus infections in honeybee colonies naturally surviving ectoparasitic mite vectors." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (December 15, 2023): e0289883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289883.
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Western honeybee populations, Apis mellifera, in Europe have been known to survive infestations of the ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor, by means of natural selection. Proposed mechanisms in literature have been focused on the management of this parasite, however literature remains scare on the differences in viral ecology between colonies that have adapted to V. destructor and those that are consistently treated for it. Samples were collected from both a mite-surviving and a sympatric mite-susceptible honeybee population in Norway. The prevalence and abundances of 10 viruses, vectored by the parasite or not, were investigated in adult host workers and pupae as well as in V. destructor mites. Here we show that the mite-vectored Deformed wing virus (DWV-A) is often lower in both abundance and prevalence in the mite-surviving population in tandem with lower phoretic mite infestations compared to the mite susceptible population. However, the non-mite-vectored Black queen cell virus (BQCV), had both a higher abundance and prevalence in the mite-surviving population compared to the susceptible population. The data therefore suggest that general adaptations to virus infections may be unlikely to explain colony survival. Instead, mechanisms suppressing mite reproduction and therefore the impact seem to be more important.
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Hanninger, Eva-Maria, Jörn Selling, Katharina Heyer, and Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. "Skin conditions, epizoa, ectoparasites and emaciation in cetaceans in the Strait of Gibraltar: An update for the period 2016-2020." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 24, no. 1 (August 14, 2023): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v24i1.401.
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ABSTRACT: Cetacean populations in the Strait of Gibraltar are heavily impacted by human activities. Photographs are a valuable tool to monitor the external health of cetaceans. We visually screened 27,866 pictures taken during whale watching operations in the years 2016–2020 for abnormal conditions, such as emaciation, dermal diseases and epizoic infestations. Prevalence levels could not be calculated as data were obtained opportunistically. Dermal diseases were detected in 566 sightings and occurred in all species. Bottlenose dolphins were most strongly affected (n = 192). Hypopigmented skin lesions were most common in all species (n = 291). Tattoo skin disease‐like lesions affected 16 animals (T. truncatus: n = 12; G. melas: n = 3; D. delphis: n = 1). Other observed conditions include expansive annular lesions in three juvenile pilot whales. Furthermore, we report the presence of open wounds in 28 animals (G. melas: n = 23; T. truncatus: n = 2; P. macrocephalus: n = 3). In three pilot whales, these wounds did not heal over a period of several years. Epizoic and ectoparasitic infestations include the observation of Xenobalanus spp. and Pennella balaenopterae. Multiple fin whales were sighted with very high numbers of Pennella balaenopterae, ranging up to 84 parasites per host. Emaciation was mainly detected in bottlenose dolphins (n = 36) and seemed to affect these animals more severely during specific years, potentially indicating fluctuations in prey availability. KEYWORDS: CETACEANS; DERMAL DISEASES; EMACIATION; ECTOPARASITES; STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR
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Kalyoncu, M., E. Dilber, and A. Ökten. "Amitraz intoxication in children in the rural Black Sea region: analysis of forty-three patients." Human & Experimental Toxicology 21, no. 5 (May 2002): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327102ht241oa.
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Amitraz is used topically in the treatment of demodicosis and other ectoparasitic infestations. Amitraz poisoning in children has been reported in a few cases. We presented 43 cases with amitraz intoxication. Of the patients, 14 had skin exposure. We compared the skin to peroral exposure group considering intoxication findings and outcome. In the peroral exposure group symptoms and recovery were more severe than in the skin exposure group, but mortality was not seen in two groups.
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Marti, O. G., and C. E. Rogers. "Effect of Noctuidonema guyanense (Nematoda: Acugutturidae) on the Longevity of Feral Male Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths2." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.3.259.
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Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain is an ectoparasitic nematode of certain species of adult Lepidoptera, particularly Noctuidae, in the Western Hemisphere. It is transferred to a new host when the insects mate. Survival of infested and uninfested feral adult males of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), the fall armyworm, was compared at three different temperature regimens (20°C, 30°C, and 30/20°C) at 14:10 L/D at 80% RH. Apparent age differences were controlled by pairing moths having the same amount of scale loss. Overall mean nematode infestations of 239.3 and 0 in infested and uninfested groups produced significantly different mean longevity of 3.7 and 6.2 days, respectively. At 20°C, survival of both groups increased to 6.2 and 13.3 days, but remained significantly different. The results demonstrate a deleterious effect of Noctuidonema infestation on longevity of feral adult male S. frugiperda.
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Lorch, Dagmar, Diana O. Fisher, and David M. Spratt. "Variation in ectoparasite infestation on the brown antechinus, Antechinus stuartii, with regard to host, habitat and environmental parameters." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 3 (2007): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06073.
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We studied ectoparasite infestation patterns in a wild population of brown antechinuses, Antechinus stuartii (Dasyuridae) at three sites in south-eastern New South Wales, over a period of seven months. Ectoparasite diversity on brown antechinuses was particularly high for a small mammal: 18 species of ectoparasites were recorded, including one undescribed species of mite. Ectoparasite infestation varied between study sites and changed seasonally. Variation between sites was related to habitat and environmental parameters, and the highest ectoparasite infestations were encountered in the coolest habitat with greatest depth of leaf litter. Host population densities varied only slightly between sites, and host density was not considered to be a primary factor influencing ectoparasite infestation. This is the first study to provide a host record of ectoparasites of Antechinus stuartii sensu stricto.
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Tfouni, S. A. V., R. P. Z. Furlani, L. B. Carreiro, I. S. D. Loredo, A. G. Gomes, L. A. Alves, R. S. S. Mata, A. M. D. Fonseca, and R. M. S. Rocha. "Determination of diflubenzuron residues in milk and cattle tissues." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, no. 1 (February 2013): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352013000100043.
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Diflubenzuron (DFB) is used to control ectoparasitic infestation by inhibiting larvae development in the manure and feces of treated animals. It is also currently been used to control tick infestations. In this study, milk and tissues from cattle treated orally with DFB for a 77-120 day period with a commercial product containing the compound were analyzed for the presence of residues. DFB residues were determined by using extraction with acetonitrile, cleanup with C18 SPE and chromatographic analysis by HPLC with UV detection (254nm). DFB was not detected in any of the analysed samples (<0.006mg kg-1 for fat, <0.014mg kg-1 for muscle, <0.015mg kg-1 for kidney, <0.016mg kg-1 for liver and <0.0006mg kg-1 for milk). In this manner, the use of this compound, according to the manufacturer's suggested doses may result in cattle milk, liver, kidneys, fat and muscles being considered safe regarding the presence of DFB residues.
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NUNES, Suellen Cristina Barbosa, Raquel Borges MORONI, Júlio MENDES, Sílvia Cássia Brandão JUSTINIANO, and Fábio Tonissi MORONI. "HEAD LICE IN HAIR SAMPLES FROM YOUTHS, ADULTS AND THE ELDERLY IN MANAUS, AMAZONAS STATE, BRAZIL." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 57, no. 3 (June 2015): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652015000300010.
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A study of head lice infestations among young people, adults and elderly individuals was conducted from August 2010 to July 2013 in Manaus, AM, Northern Brazil. Hair samples collected from 1,860 individuals in 18 barber shops and beauty parlors were examined for the ectoparasite. The occurrence of pediculosis and its association with factors, such as sex, age, ethnicity, hair characteristics and the socioeconomic profile of salon customers, salon location and seasonal variation were determined. The overall occurrence rate was 2.84%. Occurrence was higher in hair samples from non-blacks and the elderly. Higher occurrence was also observed during kindergarten, elementary and junior education school holidays. The results indicate that the occurrence of head lice among young people, adults and the elderly in Manaus is relatively low compared to that determined in children and in other regions of the country. After children, the elderly were the most affected. The study also indicated the need to adopt additional procedures to improve surveys among the population with low or no purchasing power, which is usually the most affected by this ectoparasitic disease.
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Beaurepaire, Alexis, Christina Sann, Daniela Arredondo, Fanny Mondet, and Yves Le Conte. "Behavioral Genetics of the Interactions between Apis mellifera and Varroa destructor." Insects 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10090299.
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The western honeybee Apis mellifera exhibits a diverse set of adaptations in response to infestations by its most virulent disease-causing agent, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. In this study, we investigated the effect of honeybee pupae genotype on the expression of four host and parasite traits that are associated with the reproductive phase of the mite in the brood of its host. We first phenotyped cells containing bee pupae to assess their infestation status, their infestation level, the reproductive status of the mites, and the recapping of cells by adult workers. We then genotyped individual pupae with five microsatellites markers to compare these phenotypes across full sister groups. We found that the four phenotypes varied significantly in time but did not across the subfamilies within the colonies. These findings show that V. destructor mites do not differentially infest or reproduce on some particular honeybee patrilines, and that workers do not target preferentially specific pupae genotypes when performing recapping. These findings bring new insights that can help designing sustainable mite control strategies through breeding and provide new insights into the interactions between A. mellifera and V. destructor.
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Oddie, Melissa A. Y., Bjørn Dahle, and Peter Neumann. "Norwegian honey bees surviving Varroa destructor mite infestations by means of natural selection." PeerJ 5 (October 24, 2017): e3956. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3956.
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Background Managed, feral and wild populations of European honey bee subspecies, Apis mellifera, are currently facing severe colony losses globally. There is consensus that the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, that switched hosts from the Eastern honey bee Apis cerana to the Western honey bee A. mellifera, is a key factor driving these losses. For >20 years, breeding efforts have not produced European honey bee colonies that can survive infestations without the need for mite control. However, at least three populations of European honey bees have developed this ability by means of natural selection and have been surviving for >10 years without mite treatments. Reduced mite reproductive success has been suggested as a key factor explaining this natural survival. Here, we report a managed A. mellifera population in Norway, that has been naturally surviving consistent V. destructor infestations for >17 years. Methods Surviving colonies and local susceptible controls were evaluated for mite infestation levels, mite reproductive success and two potential mechanisms explaining colony survival: grooming of adult worker bees and Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH): adult workers specifically detecting and removing mite-infested brood. Results Mite infestation levels were significantly lower in surviving colonies and mite reproductive success was reduced by 30% when compared to the controls. No significant differences were found between surviving and control colonies for either grooming or VSH. Discussion Our data confirm that reduced mite reproductive success seems to be a key factor for natural survival of infested A. mellifera colonies. However, neither grooming nor VSH seem to explain colony survival. Instead, other behaviors of the adult bees seem to be sufficient to hinder mite reproductive success, because brood for this experiment was taken from susceptible donor colonies only. To mitigate the global impact of V. destructor, we suggest learning more from nature, i.e., identifying the obviously efficient mechanisms favored by natural selection.
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Miura, Takeshi, Munenori Nishikawa, Yuki Otsu, Muhammad Fariz Zahir Ali, Atsushi Hashizume, and Chiemi Miura. "The Effects of Silkworm-Derived Polysaccharide (Silkrose) on Ectoparasitic Infestations in Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) and White Trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex)." Fishes 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7010014.
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The effect of silkworm-derived polysaccharide silkrose on fish ectoparasites was investigated. When juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) fed diets containing silkrose were artificially infected with Benedenia seriolae, a fish ectoparasite, the numbers of parasitized B. seriolae were significantly lower compared to that in fish in the control group without silkrose treatment. Furthermore, when juvenile yellowtails were severely infected with B. seriolae, no mortality was observed in the silkrose-treated group, compared to more than 60% in the control group. In field studies carried out at a fish farm with yellowtail and white trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex), oral treatment with silkrose significantly reduced B. seriolae parasitism in yellowtail and Caligus longipedis and Neobenedenia girellae parasitism in white trevally. Silkrose treatment also reduced blood levels of cortisol, a stress hormone in both species. The changes in gene expression in the epidermis of yellowtail by silkrose treatment were also investigated, showing that the expression of various genes, including factors involved in immunity, stress response, and wound healing, was changed by the treatment. These findings indicate that silkworm-derived silkrose effectively prevents infection by external parasites in yellowtail and white trevally.
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Lundqvist, Lars. "Reproductive strategies of ectoparasites on small mammals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-116.
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A model of ectoparasitic reproductive strategies is presented. To be successful, an ectoparasite must either disperse to find a new host or stay on one host and produce its progeny during the lifetime of the host. Dispersion is facilitated by utilizing many host species and by waiting for the next host; these strategies prolong the generation time. Staying on the host is facilitated by shortening the generation time. Ectoparasites that repeatedly move on and off hosts are thus expected to have wide host preference spectra and long generation times while sedentary ectoparasites are expected to have narrow host preference spectra and short generation times. Population parameters of 27 ectoparasitic species (fleas, lice, mesostigmatic mites, and one ixodid tick species) on cyclic small mammal populations were investigated and a cluster analysis was performed. Three population parameters proved to be important and could be used to form a base for life-trait grouping of the ectoparasites: (i) the host preference spectra; (ii) the time lag between host and parasite peak abundance; and (iii) the intensity of the infestation. Three groups of ectoparasitic life traits were discernible: (i) species with narrow host preference spectra, no time lag (short ectoparasitic generation time), and major infestation: the Anoplura–Laelapinae group; (ii) species with moderate to wide host preference spectra, 1-year time lag (long parasitic generation time), and minor infestation: the Siphonaptera–Haemogamasinae group; (iii) one species, Ixodes trianguliceps, had moderate host preference spectrum, 2-year time lag, and moderate infestation. Ectoparasites, such as trombiculid mites and the tick Ixodes ricinus, which are not confined to small mammals, were missing or very rare on the cyclic small mammal populations. This was predicted by the model.
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Jerônimo, GT, GM Speck, MM Cechinel, ELT Gonçalves, and ML Martins. "Seasonal variation on the ectoparasitic communities of Nile tilapia cultured in three regions in southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 2 (May 2011): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000300005.
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A total of 240 Nile tilapia were examined between April 2007 and March 2008, gathered from three different fish farms, 20 fish in each fish farm, in the four seasons of the year. Fish ponds were located in Joinville, Blumenau and Ituporanga, Santa Catarina state, Brazil and each pond had a different culture system. Prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance and mean relative dominance were compared among fish ponds and seasons. During this period, the water quality was kept in normal values. Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida) was the most dominant parasite followed by Trichodina magna e T. compacta (Ciliophora), Cichlydogyrus sclerosus, C halli, C. thurstonae, Scutogyrus longicornis (Monogenoidea), copepodids Lernaeidae gen. sp. The highest prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of ectoparasites were found on the body surface in fish from Joinville followed by Blumenau and Ituporanga. In the gills, the highest mean intensity and mean abundance were found in fish from Blumenau and Ituporanga in the winter. Piscinoodinium pillulare showed prevalence 100% during autumn in Blumenau and Ituporanga. In winter P. pillulare occurred in all study facilities. Fish from Joinville showed 100% prevalence of Monogenoidea during all seasons, as well as the highest mean intensity and abundance. The results showed that the majority of examined fish had higher infestations by protozoan during autumn and winter and higher infestations by metazoan have occurred in spring and summer.
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Sadauki, Mustapha Amadu, Timothy Auta, and Jabir Ibrahim. "A Survey of Ecto-Parasites in Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nile Tilapia) in Zobe Reservoir, Katsina State." Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2023-0101-001.
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This study examined the occurrence and severity of ectoparasitic infestations in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) sourced from Zobe Artificial Lake in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State. A total of 108 Nile tilapia specimens were collected from Zobe Reservoir in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, Nigeria at bi-weekly intervals during the period from July- September; 2023 for the discovery of ectoparasites and subjected to thorough parasitological examination. Experimental samples was range between 10.0-15.0cm fry, 16.1-20.0cm fingerlings, 21.0-25.0cm adults. Among the examined male Nile tilapia, 40 (45.45%) were found to be infected with ecto-parasites, while a higher infection rate of 75.00% was observed among the females. Overall infection of 55 (50.92%) was recorded in this study. Among the examined individuals, 21 (46.67%) were infected with Trichodina spp on the skin. Trichodina spp also infected 8 individuals (17.78%) in the gills. No individuals were infected with Gyrodactylus spp on the skin. Gyrodactylus spp infected 16 individuals (35.55%) in the gills. An overall infection rate, the total infection rate on the skin is 46.67%. While the total infection rate in the gills is 53.33%. The outcomes of this survey serve up as a reference point for upcoming research, offering valuable information for fisheries management and the sustainable conservation of aquatic ecosystems in Zobe Reservoir. High prevalence of ectoparasites was recorded in this study. There is need for proper handling of Nile tilapia from Zobe Reservoir before consumption.
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Luka, J. ,., AM Peter, MK Zango, J. Musa, EA Malgwi, HM Pindar, CM Alfred, and YD Medugu. "Ectoparasitic fauna of poultry species in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 4 (January 5, 2023): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i4.2.
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Ectoparasitic fauna of 397 conveniently sampled domestic birds consisting of 213 chickens, 128 turkeys, 21 ducks, 19 guinea fowls, 8 pigeons and 8 geese were investigated in Maiduguri, Borno State. A total of one hundred and fifty-two 152 (38.29%) birds were infested with one ectoparasitic species or the other comprising of 115 (54.00%) chickens, 33 (25.78%) turkeys, 1 (5.26%) guinea fowl and 3 (37.50%) pigeons. No infestation was encountered among geese and ducks examined. The infestation rate differed significantly based on sex and age (p<0.05), but not the management system. Similarly, the occurrence varied significantly (p<0.05) based on locations of sampling (p<0.00001) and species of poultry examined (p<0.000049). Furthermore, 116 (29.21%) of the total birds examined had a single infestation with either louse, tick or mite species, while 36(9.06%) birds had mixed infestation with species from two or more of these ectoparasitic groups. Among the parasites encountered, lice present on 146 (36.77%) birds were the most prevalent, followed by mites 28(7.05%) and ticks 15(3.78%). Nine different species of ectoparasites belonging to the orders Mallophaga and Acarina were identified in the study. Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Menacanthus stramineus, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae and Columbicola columbae were the lice identified, while Cnemidocoptes mutans and Ornithonyssus bursa were the only species of mite identified. The poultry tick, Argas persicus was the only tick species found. Conclusively, the study revealed a high but variable burden of ectoparasitic infestation among poultry species examined, and that ectoparasites are common in minor poultry species as they do occur in chickens under different management systems in the study area. The need to investigate the diverse effects of ectoparasitism on the different poultry species is suggested here.
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Tishyn, O. L., I. D. Yuskiv, and L. L. Yuskiv. "Comparative effectiveness of the complex drugs based on imidacloprid and moxidectin against ecto- and endoparasitic infestations of cats." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 14, no. 2 (April 14, 2023): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022330.
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Treatments of ecto- and endoparasitic infestations of cats adopt drugs based on imidacloprid and moxidectin. Therefore, the objective of our study was comparing spot-on applied complex drugs, which have different action mechanisms of their active agents, during ecto- and endoparasitic infestations of cats. We provide the data on effectiveness of the complex antiparasitic drug Megastop Ultra for Cats, in comparison to the Advocate for Cats drug, used for treatment and prophylaxis of ecto- and endoparasitic infestations of cats of different breeds, ages, sexes and body weights. Entomological examination of cats of the experimental and control groups revealed fleas such as Ctenocephalides felis and Pulex irritans, with the infestation intensity of 50 to 90 specimens per individual, the average infestation intensity measuring 65.3 ± 3.37 ectoparasitic insects per animal. Clinically, it manifests in unrest of animals and itching. The efficacy of the tested drug Megastop Ultra for Cats against siphonapterosis of cats was 95.4% on the 8th h after application, whereas such of the comparison drug Advocate for Cats was 97.9%. Starting from the first and third days of usage of the drugs, no fleas were found on the cats. According to the results of acarological examination, cats of the experimental and control groups suffered from Otodectes cynotis mites, the infestation intensity equaling 4 to 10 specimens per animal, the average infestation intensity being 7.4 ± 0.5 mites per animal. Otoacariasis was accompanied by itching, reddening of the auricle, and sites of Otodectes infestation as moderately thick scabs and crusts. On the 7th day after treating otoacariasis of cats, Megastop Ultra for Cats produced 82.6% efficacy and Advocate for Cats produced 84.5% efficacy. Starting from the 14th day after the treatment, we found no specimens of O. cynotis on the internal surface of the auricle and the external acoustic meatus. According to the results of conducted parasitological examinations of animals of the experimental and control groups, we diagnozed spontaneous infestations with endoparasites, nematode pathogens of the digestive tract – Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma tubaeforme. The intensity (ІІ) of T. cati invasion accounted for 60 to 120 eggs in one gram of feces (ЕGF), the average invasion intensity being 90.4 ± 4.2 ЕGF, while such of A. tubaeforme were 20 to 56 and 39.1 ± 2.3 ЕGF, respectively. Clinically, nematodoses of the cats’ digestive tract manifested in loss of appetite, frustration, paleness of the mucous membranes, and some animals vomittd and had mild diarrhea. After worm removal, we carried out coprological examinations for helminths so as to identify indexes of parasitic infestation and efficiacy of the drugs. We determined that the efficacy of the tested drug Megastop Ultra for Cats against spontaneous toxocariasis of cats on the 7th day after worm removal was 95.1%, and such of Advocate for Cats was 98.0%. On the 14th day after worm removal, the efficacy of the both drugs was 100%. The helminthological examinations revealed that on days 7 and 14 after treating spontaneous ancylostomiasis of cats, both the tested drugs, utilized in the doses recommended by the manufacturers, exerted 100% effectiveness. Moreover, the field trials revealed that single spot-on applications of Megastop Ultra for Cats and Advocate for Cats in the doses recommended by the manufacturers had good response among the animals and had no negative impact on them, regardless of breed, age, sex and body weight.
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Zirojevic, Milica, Bozidar Dejanovic, Zeljka Savic, Sonja Sedlarevic, Dusan Grujic, and Kristina Stepanovic. "Inadequate dietary intake and pediculosis as the underlying cause of iron deficiency anemia - case report." Medical review 76, no. 11-12 (2023): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2312368z.
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Introduction. Causes of iron deficiency anemia include inadequate dietary intake, increased body requirements, reduced iron absorption, chronic inflammation, and chronic blood loss. Individuals residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas are prone to iron deficiency, primarily due to inadequate dietary intake, with parasitic infestations being a rare cause. Pediculosis, caused by Pediculus humanus capitis, is an ectoparasitic infestation of the human scalp. Case Report. We present the case of a 52-year-old Caucasian female who sought emergency medical attention due to progressive fatigue and pallor. The patient denied any history of gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleeding. Nutritional assessment revealed an inadequately balanced diet with a suspected deficiency of iron-rich foods. Physical examination was unremarkable, except for decreased muscle mass. A pronounced infestation with lice along with a large number of nits was observed on the head. Laboratory tests confirmed severe sideropenic anemia. Endoscopic, radiological and specific laboratory examinations failed to provide significant information about the etiology of the anemia. Initially, the patient received transfusions of deplasmatized erythrocytes, followed by oral ferrous sulfate preparations, which resulted in satisfactory substitution. Topical application of Permethrin 1% lotion was administered, followed by the use of a lice comb. Conclusion. This case underscores the significance of a comprehensive approach to patients with chronic head and body lice infestation, including basic laboratory analyses and an iron profile, if necessary. Many patients receive over-the-counter therapy without an adequate hematological assessment. Only through this approach can hematological disorders associated with chronic or recurrent pediculosis be promptly diagnosed and treated, thus preventing the potentially fatal complications of anemia.
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Massimo, Michela, Donatella Volpatti, Marco Galeotti, James E. Bron, and Paola Beraldo. "News Insights into the Host-Parasite Interactions of Amyloodiniosis in European Sea Bass: A Multi-Modal Approach." Pathogens 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010062.
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Amyloodiniosis is a disease resulting from infestation by the ectoparasitic dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) and is a threat for fish species such as European sea bass (ESB, Dicentrarchus labrax), which are farmed in lagoon and land-based rearing sites. During the summer, when temperatures are highest, mortality rates can reach 100%, with serious impacts for the aquaculture industry. As no effective licensed therapies currently exist, this study was undertaken to improve knowledge of the biology of AO and of the host-parasite relationship between the protozoan and ESB, in order to formulate better prophylactic/therapeutic treatments targeting AO. To achieve this, a multi-modal study was performed involving a broad range of analytical modalities, including conventional histology (HIS), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Gills and the oro-pharyngeal cavity were the primary sites of amyloodiniosis, with hyperplasia and cell degeneration more evident in severe infestations (HIS). Plasmacells and macrophages were localised by IHC and correlated with the parasite burden in a time-course experimental challenge. CLSM allowed reconstruction of the 3D morphology of infecting trophonts and suggested a protein composition for its anchoring and feeding structures. These findings provide a potential starting point for the development of new prophylactic/therapeutic controls.
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Aboulqassim, Waleed Y. M., Salah Ghana, and Taher Shaibi. "Flea Infestations on Domestic Animals in Nafusa Mountain Region, North-West Libya." Al-Mukhtar Journal of Sciences 37, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v37i2.645.
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Fleas are ectoparasitic pests on domestic animals and act as vectors of many pathogens to humans. Here, we aim to identify the fleas that parasitize on domestic animals and their seasonality in the Nafusa Mountain region (Gharyan, Zintan, and Nalut). The survey was carried out from summer 2017 to winter 2018/2019. Fleas were collected seasonally from flea-infested animals using a metal comb (11 teeth per cm) and tweezers. One flea species was identified in this survey; Ctenocephalides felis, which was collected from goats, sheep, rabbits, donkeys, hens, cats, and dogs. The highest flea prevalence was among goats (66.49 %), followed by sheep (56.17%), whereas in dogs, donkeys, hens, rabbits, and cats, it represented less than 50.00%. The highest flea intensity was among dogs (4.50 ± 3.04 fleas per dog), while the lowest intensity was among hens (0.87 ± 0.59 fleas per hen). The highest mean flea abundance was among cats (8.00), whereas goats, sheep, donkeys, dogs, and hens represented less than 1.50 fleas per host. Summer and autumn represented the highest intensity followed by spring, but no fleas were collected in winter. The finding of the study indicated that Ct. felis was common among domestic animals. Consequently, it may become a potential source of pathogen transmission among people and animals.
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Dietemann, Vincent, Alexis Beaurepaire, Paul Page, Orlando Yañez, Ninat Buawangpong, Panuwan Chantawannakul, and Peter Neumann. "Population genetics of ectoparasitic mites Varroa spp. in Eastern and Western honey bees." Parasitology 146, no. 11 (July 31, 2019): 1429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201900091x.
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AbstractHost shifts of parasites are often causing devastating effects in the new hosts. The Varroa genus is known for a lineage of Varroa destructor that shifted to the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, with disastrous effects on wild populations and the beekeeping industry. Despite this, the biology of Varroa spp. remains poorly understood in its native distribution range, where it naturally parasitizes the Eastern honey bee, Apis cerana. Here, we combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses with the assessment of mite reproduction to determine the population structure and host specificity of V. destructor and Varroa jacobsonii in Thailand, where both hosts and several Varroa species and haplotypes are sympatric. Our data confirm previously described mite haplogroups, and show three novel haplotypes. Multiple infestations of single host colonies by both mite species and introgression of alleles between V. destructor and V. jacobsonii suggest that hybridization occurs between the two species. Our results indicate that host specificity and population genetic structure in the genus Varroa is more labile than previously thought. The ability of the host shifted V. destructor haplotype to spillback to A. cerana and to hybridize with V. jacobsonii could threaten honey bee populations of Asia and beyond.
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Lacerda, José Dantas Araújo, Henri Castro Pacheco, Magno Chagas Souza, Nasly Cristianna Gonçalves Xavier, Wilton Pires da Cruz, and Fabio Akashi Hernandes. "New records of the feather mite Pterolichus obtusus Robin, 1877 (Acariformes: Astigmata: Pterolichidae) parasitizing chickens Gallus gallus domesticus (L.) (Galliformes: Phasianidae) in Brazil." Acarologia 63, no. 4 (November 24, 2023): 1219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/cet8-2c2k.
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The feather mite Pterolichus obtusus Robin, 1877 (Astigmata: Pterolichidae) is associated with Gallus gallus domesticus (L.) worldwide. Here, we report new records of this species from rustic chickens in Brazil after a gap of 45 years, and for the first time in a northern area of this country. The major role of Brazil as one of the main chicken meat producers and exporters highlights the importance of these new findings. Knowing and keeping track of the distribution of this ectoparasitic species might offer valuable information for the development of animal health programs and policies aimed at mitigating mite pest infestations, in addition to support decision-making processes regarding research funding to study the damage caused by P. obtusus in domestic and wild fowl populations, contributing to the advancement of aviculture.
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Seyoum, Zewdu, Tsegaye Tadesse, and Agerie Addisu. "Ectoparasites Prevalence in Small Ruminants in and around Sekela, Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015 (April 5, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/216085.
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This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and type of ectoparasites and to identify risk factors associated with ectoparasite infestations in small ruminants in and around Sekela, Northwest Ethiopia. Clinical examination and laboratory analysis were made on 304 sheep and 96 goats. The collected raw data were analyzed using χ2-test. Out of the 400 sampled animals, 182 (45.5%) were infested with one or more ectoparasites. The prevalent ectoparasites observed were lice, ticks, Ctenocephalides species, Melophagus ovinus, and Demodex species. The infestation rates of ectoparasites with age and sex were significantly varied (P<0.05) in sheep but not in goats (P>0.05). Body condition score was not significantly associated (P>0.05) with ectoparasites infestation in both sheep and goats. In our attempt, only two cases due to Demodex species were recorded in sheep. In conclusion, the prevalence of ectoparasites in the present study was high and this could affect the wellbeing and productivity of small ruminants. Therefore, to reduce ectoparasites prevalence and impact on the productivity and health status, planning of integrated control measures with sustainable veterinary services aiming at creating awareness about the importance and control of ectoparasites for livestock owners is required.
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YILDIZ, Öner, and Onur KÖSE. "Investigation of ectoparasites in budgerigar and canaries in Burdur city of Turkey." Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 8, no. 2 (June 9, 2023): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1243440.
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Ectoparasite infestations are of the most important and neglected diseases of birds. Ectoparasites cause sirious harmful effects such as; irritation, feathers and skin damage, restlessness, anemia, weight loss, transmission of other pathogens, reducing overall fitness and decreasing long term survival depending on the intensity of the infestation. The main objective of this study was to investigate the ectoparasites of budgerigars and canaries in Burdur city of Turkey. The material of the study was consisted of randomly selected 555 budgies in 192 cages and 121 canaries in 49 cages belongs to 12 different breeders in center district of Burdur city, Turkey. The feathers of head, neck, abdomen, legs, tail, beak, under the wings, around the cloaca and feet of all birds, in addition cages and cage equipments have been examined in terms of ectoparasites. As a result; no ectoparasite species were found on/between feathers and other body parts of overall 676 cage birds, however, a large number of Dermanyssus gallinae were found in cages and cage equipments. Dermanyssus gallinae have been detected in rates of 28.65% and 28.57% in budgerigar and canary cages, respectively. The present study is the first investigation study of ectoparasites of budgerigar and canaries in Turkey and rarely in the world. In addition, within this study D. gallinae infestation is being reported for the first time from budgerigar and canaries from Turkey.
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ASRIF, NUR ATHIRAH, KARIM NURQAMAREENA, and YEE LING CHONG. "Ectoparasites of Birds from a Rice Field in Samarahan Division, Sarawa." Trends in Undergraduate Research 1, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): a45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.1240.2018.
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Birds are easily infested with ectoparasites due to their fitness, foraging behaviour, nesting cavities, micro- and macro-habitats. However, the status of ectoparasite infestation on birds in Sarawak is widely unknown. Rice field provides food resources to a variety of birds. This study was conducted to determine the species composition of ectoparasites from birds in a rice field at Kuap Village, Samarahan, Sarawak. A total of 69 birds consists of five species were caught from the rice field and the most common bird species found was the Chestnut Munia (Lonchura atricapilla). From these, 55 were found infested with ectoparasites with the infestation prevalence of 79.71%. A total of 2,513 ectoparasites from eight species were recovered from this study which comprised of six species of mites, one species of soft tick, and one species from the class Insecta. The most dominant ectoparasite species was mite namely, Nanopterodectes sp. with a total of 1,626 individuals. This baseline data on the ectoparasite composition and infestation of birds is important as some of the ectoparasites have the potential in transmitting zoonotic diseases to the farmers working at the rice fields in this region.
Keywords: Avian, Chestnut Munia, ectoparasite infestation, paddy plantation, Malaysia
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Rose Nakkoud, Julie, Camila Maria Dos Santos, Dina Regis Recaldes Rodrigues Argeropulos Aquino, and Alexsandra Rodrigues de Mendonça Favacho. "Um Olhar para as Populações de Ectoparasitas em Cães com Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) em Mato Grosso do Sul – Potenciais Vetores de Transmissão para essa Doença." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2022v26n1p43-47.
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Diante da variedade de ectoparasitos, pulgas e carrapatos têm importância como vetores e na sua constante presença causando infestações em cães, estes artrópodes durante a alimentação de um hospedeiro parasitado fazem a manutenção do ciclo do agente infeccioso. Potencialmente, se pode associar a presença desses ectoparasitas e a positividade em cães para leishmaniose. A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) é uma zoonose endêmica no Brasil, estando presente em todas as cinco regiões do país. Com o intuito de contribuir para trabalhos posteriores na associação da presença de ectoparasitas em cães com leishmaniose, objetivou-se demonstrar a porcentagem de cães soropositivos atendidos na Clínica Veterinária da Universidade Anhanguera Uniderp, no período de 2017 a 2019, em que foram encontrados carrapatos ou pulgas durante a consulta clínica. A seleção da população canina ocorreu por conveniência, de acordo com a demanda espontânea de atendidos na Clínica Veterinária. Foram selecionados somente caninos soropositivos para Leishmaniose Visceral Canina. Foram analisadas fichas de 415 cães identificados como soropositivos a prevalência de 8,41% dos cães atendidos em consonância com outros resultados que relatam a alta prevalência da LVC na região Centro-Oeste. Neste estudo, avaliando a presença de pulgas e carrapatos, dos 415 cães soropositivos para leishmaniose a prevalência de infestação por ectoparasitos foi de 34%. Estudos sobre a presença de carrapatos e pulgas em cães positivos para leishmaniose e outras enfermidades devem ser feitos regularmente, podendo ajudar no entendimento da transmissão desses agentes e facilitar assim o controle e prevenção das doenças zoonóticas. Palavras-chave: População Canina. Zoonoses. Carrapatos. Pulgas. Abstract Given the variety of ectoparasites, fleas and ticks are important as vectors and in their constant presence causing infestations in dogs; these arthropods during the feeding of a parasitized host maintain the infectious agent cycle. It is possible to potentially associate the presence of these ectoparasites and positivity in dogs for leishmaniasis. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (LVC) is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil, presenting itself in all the five regions of the country. In order to contribute to further research upon associating the presence of ectoparasites in dogs with leishmaniasis, the objective was to demonstrate the percentage of positive dogs attending the Veterinary Clinic of Anhanguera Uniderp University, between 2017 and 2019, in which ticks or fleas were found during the clinical consultation. The selection of the canine population carried out based on convenience, according to spontaneous demand of those attended at the Veterinary Clinic. Only seropositive dogs for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis were selected. Records of 415 dogs identified as seropositive were analyzed; the prevalence was 8.41% of the dogs seen, matching other results that report this high prevalence of CVL in the Midwest region. In this study presence of fleas and ticks was assessed, and in all the 415 seropositive dogs for leishmaniasis, the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation was 34%. Studies on the presence of ticks and fleas in dogs positive for leishmaniasis and other diseases should be carried out regularly, which may help in understanding the transmission of such agents and thus facilitate controlling and preventing zoonotic diseases. Keywords: Canine population. Zoonoses. Ticks. Fleas.
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Lehmann, T. "Ectoparasite impacts on Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi under natural conditions." Parasitology 104, no. 3 (June 1992): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000063745.
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To assess ectoparasite impact on individuals and populations of Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi under natural conditions, I addressed the following questions. Do ectoparasites affect their host fitness and, if so, how? Do ectoparasites affect host population level? Does this parasite–host interaction support the traditional concept of parasite evolution towards avirulence? For this purpose, host infestation, infection, survival, haematological indices, and physical condition were recorded. A field experiment which included manipulating host infestation while recording host survival was conducted to determine the causal relations between these variables. G. a. allenbyi was infested by 2 fleas (Synosternus cleopatrae and Stenoponia tripectinata), 5 mesostigmatid mites (Androlaelaps centrocarpus, A. hirsti, A. insculptus, A. marshalli and Hirstionyssus carticulatus), 1 tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), and 1 louse (Polyplax gerbilli). Ectoparasite burden significantly reduced host survival and red blood cell indices (red cell concentration, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit). Ectoparasite burden did not significantly affect white blood cell concentration. Gerbils were not infected by haemoparasites or gut helminths which potentially could cause anaemia. The causal relationship between S. cleopatrae burden and host survival was established by manipulation of host infestation. Both ectoparasite removal and initial level of infestation significantly affected host survival. Ectoparasites that caused anaemia were not associated with host physical condition (PC), measured as weight/length3. None of the red blood cell indices was correlated with host PC. These results suggest both that host PC was not affected by ectoparasite burden and that exsanguination leading to anaemia was the main effect of the ectoparasites. Ectoparasite pressure on the host population (based on the ectoparasite effects as estimated by statistical models, combined with dispersion of the infestation within the host population) changed seasonally and was greatest when host density was the highest. A large segment of the gerbil population was affected by ectoparasites during the entire year. An explanation for the evolution of parasite virulence, contrasting parasites that evolve towards increased virulence with parasites that evolve towards avirulence is presented. This classification is primarily based on whether parasite impact is equated with a higher efficiency of host exploitation, or whether it is a ‘side effect’ of parasite biology.
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Ramdani, K., N. Ziane, M. Younsi, C. Ben Krinah, I. Bouchahdane, and R. Rouag. "Body Size and Ectoparasitic Infestations in the Mediterranean Pond Turtle Mauremys leprosa (Testudines, Geoemydidae) in Majen Belahriti Pond (North-Eastern Algeria)." zoodiversity 58, no. 3 (2024): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2024.03.231.
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Morphological parameters were measured on a population of the Mediterranean pond turtle Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger, 1812) in Majen Belahriti pond in the region of Guelma (North-east of Algeria). Females exhibited a longer carapace length (CL) at 177 ± 23.85 mm, surpassing that of males (151.45 ± 31.12 mm), and they also displayed a higher body weight (BW) at 756.52 ± 243.91 g, which was notably greater than that of males (453.09 ± 224.42 g). Placobdella nabeulensis Ben Ahmed, Gajda, Utevsky, Kwist & Świątek, 2023 (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) was identified as the only ectoparasite affecting M. leprosa, with an average body length and width of 11 ± 5.83 mm and 5.1 ± 2.89 mm respectively. The intensity, represented by the average number of leeches per turtle, was calculated to be 2.21 ± 1.31 for this specific population and a prevalence rate of 21.17 %. The tail region showed the highest parasite load, indicating its increased susceptibility compared to other body parts.
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Walton, Shelley F., and Bart J. Currie. "Problems in Diagnosing Scabies, a Global Disease in Human and Animal Populations." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 20, no. 2 (April 2007): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00042-06.
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SUMMARY Scabies is a worldwide disease and a major public health problem in many developing countries, related primarily to poverty and overcrowding. In remote Aboriginal communities in northern Australia, prevalences of up to 50% among children have been described, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy. Sarcoptic mange is also an important veterinary disease engendering significant morbidity and mortality in wild, domestic, and farmed animals. Scabies is caused by the ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei burrowing into the host epidermis. Clinical symptoms include intensely itchy lesions that often are a precursor to secondary bacterial pyoderma, septicemia, and, in humans, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Although diagnosed scabies cases can be successfully treated, the rash of the primary infestation takes 4 to 6 weeks to develop, and thus, transmission to others often occurs prior to therapy. In humans, the symptoms of scabies infestations can mimic other dermatological skin diseases, and traditional tests to diagnose scabies are less than 50% accurate. To aid early identification of disease and thus treatment, a simple, cheap, sensitive, and specific test for routine diagnosis of active scabies is essential. Recent developments leading to the expression and purification of S. scabiei recombinant antigens have identified a number of molecules with diagnostic potential, and current studies include the investigation and assessment of the accuracy of these recombinant proteins in identifying antibodies in individuals with active scabies and in differentiating those with past exposure. Early identification of disease will enable selective treatment of those affected, reduce transmission and the requirement for mass treatment, limit the potential for escalating mite resistance, and provide another means of controlling scabies in populations in areas of endemicity.
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Lefiana, Delli. "Prevalence Of Ectoparasites in Cattle in The Payakumbuh Livestock Market." Jambura Journal of Animal Science 5, no. 2 (May 16, 2023): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35900/jjas.v5i2.19038.
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This study aims to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites infestation in cattle at the Payakumbuh Livestock Market. This research was conducted in August 2022. A total of 158 cows were randomly selected to be examined for ectoparasites at the Payakumbuh Livestock Market. Examination of ectoparasites using the permanent mounting method without staining. This study used a descriptive non-experimental design to obtain data on the incidence of ectoparasitic infestation in cattle at the Payakumbuh Livestock Market. Of the 158 cows examined, 85 of them were positive for ectoparasites on the outside of the body with a prevalence of 53.8%. Type of ectoparasites in the form of ticks Dermacentor sp. (50.63%) and Boophilus sp. (13.92%). Ectoparasites were found to be highest in cows with an infestation rate of 55.26% in the age group 8 years the prevalence reached 100% compared to the group of young cattle 56.36%.
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Aina, Triya, Efida Pima Sari Tambunan, and Syukriah Syukriah. "Prevalensi dan Intensitas Ektoparasit pada Sapi yang dipelihara secara Intensif dan Semi Intensif di Kecamatan Pangkalan Susu Sumatera Utara." BIO-EDU: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/jbe.v9i1.6354.
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Beef cattle have a major role in meat production and meet animal protein needs. This study aims to identify and calculate the prevalence rate and level of ectoparasite infestation in beef cattle raised intensively and semi-intensively in Alur Measles village and Pangkalan Susu sub-district agricultural village. This research uses exploratory methods with tools such as sweep nets and tweezers. Sweep nets are used to catch ectoparasites flying around the cow’s body, while tweezers are used to pick up ectoparasites attached to the cow’s body. There are four families of ectoparasite consisting of four different types. The most common type of ectoparasite found is Rhipicephalus microplu. The highest attendance rate was seen in semi-intensively raised cows, with the ectoparasite Rhipicephalus microplus present rate reaching 100% which can be categorized as “always present”. Meanwhile, the lowest attendance rate was seen in intensively reared cattle, with the ectoparasite Chryomya megacephala present at a rate of 26%, which can be categorized as ”frequently present”. The highest infestation rate also occurred in semi-intensively raised cattle, with an Rhipicephalus microplus infestation rate of 6.88, which can be categorized as “moderate”. Meanwhile, the lowest infestation rate occurred in intensively raised cows, with an infestation rate of 0.28, which can be categorized as “very low”I.
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Apriyadi, A. F., G. Mahasri, and L. Sulmartiwi. "Stress level of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) with infested ciliata pathogens after open wet transportation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1273, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1273/1/012003.
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Abstract Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the leading fishery commodities in Indonesia. The unbalanced interaction between the environment, host, and pathogen causes the shrimp’s body defense to decrease and it is easy for parasites to infest and cause disease. This study aimed to determine the correlation between stress levels and the degree of ectoparasite infestation in vaname shrimp which was infested with pathogenic ciliates prior to open wet system transportation. This research uses survey method. Sampling of vaname shrimp at IBAP Lamongan. The parameters observed were blood glucose levels and the degree of infestation. The results of the ectoparasite examination showed that the ectoparasites that infested vaname shrimp had the degree of infestation in the category of very mild to moderate infestation. The number of vaname shrimp with a very light category is 4, the category of light infestation degree is 22, the number of vaname shrimp with a moderate level of infestation category is 24. There is a correlation between blood glucose levels and the level of infestation of ectoparasites which have a very high power. Thus, an increase in blood glucose levels will be followed by an increase in the rate of ectoparasite infestation.
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Todd, CD, BDM Whyte, JC MacLean, and AM Walker. "Ectoparasitic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus) infestations of wild, adult, one sea-winter Atlantic salmon Salmo salar returning to Scotland." Marine Ecology Progress Series 328 (December 20, 2006): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps328183.
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Insyari’ati, Titis, Penny Humaidah Hamid, Endang Tri Rahayu, Diah Lutfiah Sugar, Nadya Nurvita Rahma, Shelly Kusumarini, Heri Kurnianto, and April Hari Wardhana. "Ectoparasites Infestation to Small Ruminants and Practical Attitudes among Farmers toward Acaricides Treatment in Central Region of Java, Indonesia." Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040162.
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Ectoparasite infestations are one of the major problems affecting goat and sheep farming. Disease resulting from these infestations can cause changes in physical appearance, such as severe lesions on the skin, and economic consequences in the form of significantly reduced selling prices. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites in the Boyolali district, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 651 sheep and goats were surveyed in this study. The parasites were collected via skin scraping, twister, or manually from clinically infected goats and sheep in traditional farms. All of the ectoparasites collected were successfully identified. The prevalence of ectoparasites in ruminants in Boyolali was 97.8% (637/651). The species make-up was as follows: Bovicola caprae 97.8% (637/651), Linognathus africanus 39% (254/651), Haemaphysalis bispinosa 3.5% (23/651), Ctenocephalides spp. 0.2% (1/651), and Sarcoptes scabiei 5.2% (34/651). The predilection sites were in the face, ear, and leg areas, and in the axillary, dorsal, abdomen, and scrotum regions of the surveyed animals. An evaluation of farmers’ attitudes to ectoparasites was performed using a questionnaire. The findings of this study imply that animals in the investigated area are highly exposed to ectoparasite infestations. Given the importance of ectoparasites in both livestock and human communities, specifically in the health domain, more research into appropriate control strategies is necessary.
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Tanjung, M., and F. O. Purba. "Ectoparasite infestation on cattle husbandry in oil palm plantation afdeling II, North Sumatra." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1352, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012061.
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Abstract The occurrence of ectoparasite infestation in cattle contributes significantly to the success of cattle farming. A study on ectoparasite infestation in cattle (Bos sp.) was conducted in the oil palm plantation Afdeling II, Gunung Kataran Village, Tebing Tinggi Subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra. The research aimed to determine the types, prevalence, and intensity of infestation in three cattle breeds (Madrasin, Limousin, and Simmental), with each breed consisting of 10 individuals. Ectoparasite samples were collected using two methods: sweeping with a net and manual inspection of the entire cattle body. The identified ectoparasite species included Boophilus microplus, Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Culex sp., and Haemadipsa sp. The prevalence of ectoparasite infestation across the three breeds (Madrasin, Limousin, and Simmental) ranged from 80% to 100%, falling into the ‘usually-always’ category. The intensity of ectoparasite infestation across the three breeds ranged from 4.22 to 97.4, categorized as ‘light-heavy’. Musca domestica emerged as the most dominant ectoparasite species affecting the cattle in this study. The presence of ectoparasites was found to be significantly influenced by the cleanliness of the rearing environment.”
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EEVA, TAPIO, and TERO KLEMOLA. "Variation in prevalence and intensity of two avian ectoparasites in a polluted area." Parasitology 140, no. 11 (August 7, 2013): 1384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013000796.
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SUMMARYWe counted the numbers of pupae of two ectoparasitic flies (Protocalliphora sp. and Ornithomyia sp.) in the nests of a passerine bird, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) to find out if their prevalence or intensity are affected by long-term environmental pollution by a copper smelter and whether such an interaction would have impacts on birds' breeding success. Fecal metal concentrations of F. hypoleuca nestlings were used to explore direct association between metal levels and parasite prevalence, but we also included other explanatory factors in our analysis, such as timing of breeding, brood size, ambient temperature, habitat quality and host population density. We found that environmental pollution decreased the prevalence of Protocalliphora via changed habitat quality but did not affect the prevalence of Ornithomyia. The prevalence of neither ectoparasite was, however, directly related to ambient metal levels. Both ectoparasites showed higher prevalence when ambient temperature during the nestling period was high, emphasizing the potential of climate change to modify host–parasite relationships. The prevalence of Ornithomyia was further highest in dense F. hypoleuca populations and late broods. Nestling survival decreased with increasing infestation intensity of Ornithomyia while no association was found for Protocalliphora. Despite relatively low numbers and overall weak effect of parasites on survival, the possible delayed and/or sublethal effects of these ectoparasites call for further studies. Our results suggest that pollution-related effects on avian ectoparasite numbers are species-specific and reflect habitat changes rather than direct toxic effect of heavy metals.
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Daben, M. R., B. O. Echor, and S. A. Da’an. "Abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park, Plateau State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 41, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v41i1.2.
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Birds’ populations are being threatened by parasites that have not received adequate attention by parasitologists. This study aimed at evaluating the abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of the wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park. A systematic five-month study of ectoparasites was conducted. Sixty-two (62) birds were trapped using mist nets and examined for ectoparasite infestation. Wool soaked with 70% ethanol, using gloved-protected-hand; ectoparasites were carefully extracted, preserved in sampling bottles containing 70% alcohol for morphological identification. A wide spectrum insecticide (0.09% tetrametrin and 0.45 piperronyl) was used to pulverize tiny parasites on the feather over a white paper. Overall, 4,066 ectoparasites belonging to 5 orders, 8 families, and 24 species were identified from the trapped birds. Fiftysix 56(90.3%) birds were found to be infested with ectoparasites, while 6(9.7%) had none. Phthirathera, and Siphonaptera were the most and least abundant respectively. The highest parasites found were lice (96.60%) and the least, fleas (0.02%). Wing predilection site had the highest infestation rate (83%), and the lowest was the leg (0.37%). The most caught and most infested bird species was the West African thrush bird Turdus pelios (14.28%), followed by the Red-checked cuckoo-shrike and Bronze manikin (10.70% and 7.14%) respectively. Least species of bird infested among others, were the African paradise king fisher, Blue-throated brown sunbird, Blue-spotted wood dove, and Blue-breasted fire finch (1.79%). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the rate of infestations among the caught and examined bird species. The study provided useful insight and knowledge on how diverse and abundant ectoparasites of bird species are in this park and possible vector-borne diseases that may have zoonotic potential.
Keywords: Abundance; birds; ectoparasites; diversity; park; wildlife.
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Bartosik, Katarzyna, Weronika Maślanko, Alicja Buczek, Marek Asman, Joanna Witecka, Ewelina Szwaj, Paweł Szczepan Błaszkiewicz, and Magdalena Świsłocka. "Two New Haplotypes of Bartonella sp. Isolated from Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in SE Poland." Insects 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060485.
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Insects of the genus Lipoptena are parasitic arthropods with a broad host range. Due to the type of parasitism (hematophagy), their potential role as vectors of pathogens, i.e., Bartonella sp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia burgdorferi is considered. As the range of their occurrence has been changing dynamically in recent years and infestations of humans have increasingly been reported, these organisms are now the subject of numerous studies. Our research aimed to present the molecular characteristics of Bartonella sp. detected in Lipoptena fortisetosa parasitizing wild cervids in south-eastern Poland. Adults of Lipoptena spp. were collected from carcasses of roe deer and red deer between spring and autumn in 2013. The PCR method was used to detect Bartonella sp. in the insects. We report two new haplotypes of the rpoB gene of Bartonella sp. isolated from L. fortisetosa feeding on wild cervids in south-eastern Poland and the presence of this invasive ectoparasitic species in the studied area since 2013. Phylogenetic analyses of newly obtained Bartonella sp. haplotypes confirmed their unique position on the constructed tree and network topology. The rpoB gene sequences found belonging to lineage B support the view that this phylogenetic lineage represents a novel Bartonella species.
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Čož-Rakovac R, R., I. Strunjak-Perović, N. Topić Popović, M. Hacmanjek, B. Šimpraga, and E. Teskeredžić. "Health status of wild and cultured sea bass in the northern Adriatic Sea." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 8 (March 30, 2012): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5828-vetmed.
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A complex survey has been conducted in the northern Adriatic Sea over a period of one year that included comparative parasitological, bacteriological, virological, histological and biochemical studies of the cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). The results show that parasite infestations were due mainly to ectoparasitic monogenea Diplectanum sp. in both cultured and wild sea bass. Philometra sp. and Lernaea sp. were detected in wild sea bass while Triaenophorus sp. and Eimeria sp. were found in reared sea bass. Bacterial pathogens isolated from both reared and wild sea bass belong to Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas sp., P. fluorescens) and unknown Gram-negative bacteria. Moraxellaceae (Acinetobacter sp.), Vibrionaceae (Shewanella putrefaciens), Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea agglomerans) and Flavobacterium sp. were isolated from reared fish only. Virological examinations were negative. Histological analysis revealed “fatty liver” (fatty infiltration and degeneration) in the cultured fish. Triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose levels were higher in cultured sea bass (2.55 ± 1.77 mmol/l, 3.68 ± 1.43 mmol/l and 9.97 ± 3.33 mmol/l, respectively) than in wild fish (0.80 ± 0.57 mmol/l, 2.95 ± 0.77 mmol/l and 4.79 ± 3.29 mmol/l, respectively). The present paper contributes to establishing a relationship between disease and pathophysiological conditions in wild and cultured fish.