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Journal articles on the topic 'ED-XRF'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Hoelzmann, Philipp, Torsten Klein, Frank Kutz, and Brigitta Schütt. "A new device to mount portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (p-ED-XRF) for semi-continuous analyses of split (sediment) cores and solid samples." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 6, no. 1 (February 17, 2017): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-93-2017.

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Abstract. Portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (p-ED-XRF) have become increasingly popular in sedimentary laboratories to quantify the chemical composition of a range of materials such as sediments, soils, solid samples, and artefacts. Here, we introduce a low-cost, clearly arranged unit that functions as a sample chamber (German industrial property rights no. 20 2014 106 048.0) for p-ED-XRF devices to facilitate economic, non-destructive, fast, and semi-continuous analysis of (sediment) cores or other solid samples. The spatial resolution of the measurements is limited to the specifications of the applied p-ED-XRF device – in our case a Thermo Scientific Niton XL3t p-ED-XRF spectrometer with a maximum spatial resolution of 0.3 cm and equipped with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to document the measurement spot. We demonstrate the strength of combining p-ED-XRF analyses with this new sample chamber to identify Holocene facies changes (e.g. marine vs. terrestrial sedimentary facies) using a sediment core from an estuarine environment in the context of a geoarchaeological investigation at the Atlantic coast of southern Spain.

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2

Hayakawa, Shinjiro, Shunji Goto, Takashi Shoji, Eiji Yamada, and Yohichi Gohshi. "X-ray microprobe system for XRF analysis and spectroscopy at SPring-8 BL39XU." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 1114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s090904959701892x.

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An X-ray microprobe system for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and spectroscopy has been developed at SPring-8 BL39XU; it comprises an X-ray focusing or collimation system, energy-dispersive (ED) and wavelength-dispersive (WD) XRF spectrometers, and a sample-scanning system. The conventional ED spectrometer will be utilized for qualitative and quantitative trace-element analysis, and the WD spectrometer will be used both for trace-element analysis and XRF spectroscopy. A combination of monochromated undulator radiation and the WD spectrometer will enable resonant XRF spectroscopy using brilliant hard X-ray undulator radiation.

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3

ENE, ANTOANETA, and FLORIN SLOATA. "XRF ANALYSIS OF ARSENIC AND SELECTED METALS IN CONTAMINATED SAND FROM THE DISMANTLING OF INDUSTRIAL DISTILLATION PLANTS." Journal of Science and Arts 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-20.4-c02.

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This paper refers to the application of XRF method for the simultaneous determination of arsenic and selected metals from waste samples resulted from the dismanlting of distilleries in the perimeter of Azomures S.A., Mures County, Romania. The dismantling operation was carried out by a specialized Romanian company, and from this operation resulted several refractory construction wastes, such as sands with a very high content of arsenic and its chemical compounds. In order to determine the arsenic and other metals concentration, the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometric technique was employed. Application of the ED-XRF method was performed in an accredited laboratory for the determination of toxic substances from various samples, using a Genius portable XRF (p-XRF) spectrometer manufactured by Skyray Instruments Inc.

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4

Kurniawati, Syukria, Muhayatun Santoso, Diah Dwiana Lestiani, Natalia Adventini, and Woro Yatu Niken Syahfitri. "Analytical Capabilities of EDXRF for Determination of Rare Earth Elements." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir Indonesia 22, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jstni.2021.22.1.5815.

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Rare earth elements (REE) are present in the lanthanide range and are widely used in high-tech and clean technology applications that are predicted to grow significantly in the coming decades. Therefore, there will be a high demand for REE in the future that will impact the needs for development of sensitive and selective methods for determination of REEs such as X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Reliability of REEs analysis results depend on analytical capability of XRF instrument’s performance. Analytical capability shows the ability of the instrument to perform sample analysis with high accuracy and precision and proven by validation so that the results obtained are reliable. The aim of this study is to assess the analytical capability of XRF for REEs analysis in samples particularly Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm) and Yttrium (Y), by performing method validation of energy dispersive x-ray spectrometers (ED-XRF). Four measurement conditions that covered the selected elements were defined. Accuracy, precision and detection limits determination were performed by measuring the CRM In House Monazite Sand. The yield of the selected element corresponds to its certified value, with a %recovery between 95.99 to 103.1%. The %RSD values ranging from 0.59 to 5.19%. The detection limits (LLD) of ED-XRF ranged from 8.78 to 67.4 ppm. The results showed the good analytical capability of ED-XRF method for REEs analysis.

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5

Sousa, Vitória D., Javier Christian Ramirez-Perez, Hugo D. C. Pereira, Cleber L. Rodrigues, Hellen C. Santos, and Márcia A. Rizzutto. "Determining the sensitivity curve of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and PIXE systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2340, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2340/1/012051.

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Abstract The study of thin and thick materials every time is a challenge in X-ray analysis. The calculation of the sensitivity curve of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) systems allows for better quantitative analysis and also allows the determination of the concentration of a chemical element in a given thin sample from its intensity. The sensitivity curve can be found through the analysis of elemental standards, samples with well-defined superficial densities (μg/cm 2) that allow the calculation of the sensitivity of the system to the elements present in the standards. From these standard values, it is possible to fit a curve and find the sensitivity equation as a function of the atomic number. After that, the sensitivity curve which will be used to determine the elemental composition can help to calculate the concentration of any of the chemical elements of the periodic table present in a sample. Also, PIXE and ED-XRF are known to have a different sensibility and limits of detection (LOD) to determine elemental concentrations. In this article, the sensitivities of a portable ED-XRF and a PIXE system were calculated and compared. Altogether, the results showed that, for the experimental setups used, ED-XRF has better sensitivity associated with the chemical elements of intermediate atomic numbers, while PIXE’s functions describe better the sensitivities to the lighter and heavier chemical elements of the periodic table.

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6

Kim, Si-Kuk, Byeong-Kil Chae, and Yong-Taek Han. "Investigation Techniques of Arson Fire in Low-Temperature Warehouses Using ED-XRF." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.749c4872.

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Investigation techniques for fire prevention in low-temperature warehouses were studied using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF). In the first experiment, a sample (galvanized steel sheet plus urethane foam plus sandwich panel) was burned with 500 mL of a flammable liquid (gasoline, thinner, kerosene, and light oil)/ Then, the component change of the sample was measured. In the combustion experiment, there was a difference in the heat of combustion depending on the type of flammable liquid; however, as a result of measuring the component change of the sample with ED-XRF after combustion, the largest component change was measured in the combustion experiment with gasoline. The change was in the order of thinner, kerosene, and diesel. Using ED-XRF, it was possible to distinguish the flammable liquid used in the experiment by measuring the component change of the sample resulting from the difference in the combustion heat of the flammable liquid. A second experiment was conducted under the same conditions as the first experiment, assuming a fire brigade fire suppression condition, and the combustion time of the flammable liquid was limited to 600 s. A combustion characteristic of flammable liquids is that the temperature and heat flux reach the maximum value within 300 s after the start of combustion regardless of the type of liquid. Because the change of composition was confirmed in the order of light oil, it was possible to distinguish the flammable liquid used at the fire site using the ED-XRF measurement result.

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7

Петришин and Aleksey Petrishin. "Industrial Applications of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescent Analyzers." NDT World 19, no. 3 (September 20, 2016): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21148.

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Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (ED XRF) enables the qualitative and quantitative elemental material composition to be determined, as well as thicknesses of multilayer coatings to be measured. Nowadays this method has been implemented in modern equipment, which is widely used both in laboratory measurements and in industry. The article describes the basic principles of the method and gives an overview of its different applications. Special attention is paid to the following industrial applications: thickness measurement of immersion gold on circuit boards; thickness measurement and composition of electroless Nickel; thickness measurements of electroplated tin; measurements of silicate coatings; measurements of turbine blade heat-resistant coatings. Experimental researches were carried out; measurements were made with the FISCHERSCOPE X-RAY analyzer manufactured by the company “HELMUT FISCHER GmbH” (Germany). The experimental results for different samples are presented as well as the ways of solving the arising problems. The ED XRF method has proven to be highly efficient for abovementioned industrial applications. The growth of scientific and technological progress is creating new possibilities for wider application of the ED XRF method including problems of non-destructive testing.

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8

Akbulut, S. "Validation of classical quantitative fundamental parameters method using multivariate calibration procedures for trace element analysis in ED-XRF." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 29, no. 5 (2014): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ja50377a.

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9

B., Manohara, and Belagali S. L. "Evaluation of energy dispersive scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence techniques for analysis of compost quality." Analytical Methods 9, no. 2 (2017): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02586b.

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10

Gunning, Geoffrey R. "Applications of ED-XRF Technology to On-Line Analysis." Advances in X-ray Analysis 36 (1992): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080001870x.

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On-line analysis is a valuable tool for many industrial manufacturing processes. Real-time analytical results allow immediate control of a manufacturing process, giving significant improvements in product quality, and reductions in product wastage and labor.

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11

Marucco, Alessandra. "Low-energy ED-XRF spectrometry application in gold assaying." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 213 (January 2004): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(03)01608-2.

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12

Michałowski, A., P. Niedzielski, L. Kozak, M. Teska, K. Jakubowski, and M. Żółkiewski. "Archaeometrical studies of prehistoric pottery using portable ED-XRF." Measurement 159 (July 2020): 107758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107758.

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13

Olivares, M., N. Etxebarria, G. Arana, K. Castro, X. Murelaga, and A. Berreteaga. "Multielement µ-ED-XRF analysis of vertebrate fossil bones." X-Ray Spectrometry 37, no. 4 (July 2008): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1023.

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14

Beslic, I., J. Burger, F. Cadoni, D. Centioli, I. Kranjc, B. Van den Bril, J. Rinkovec, et al. "Determination of As, Cd, Ni and Pb in PM10 – comparison of different sample work-up and analysis methods/Bestimmung von As, Cd, Ni und Pb in PM10 – Vergleich verschiedener Probenaufbereitungs- und Analysenverfahren." Gefahrstoffe 80, no. 06 (2020): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2020-06-17.

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In 2015 the European Joint Research Center (JRC) for air quality in Ispra, Italy, carried out an intercomparison for the determination of PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air. Five laboratories also analyzed the content of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel) in PM10 from filter samples collected during the intercomparison. Thus, all steps from sampling in the field to instrumental quantification of heavy metals in the laboratory could be statistically analyzed. The different techniques of sampling and sample work-up had no significant influence on the analysis results. However, the method of instrumental analysis strongly influenced them: The results of laboratories using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) coincided well in most cases. For laboratories using the Energy Dispersed X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) technique the uncertainty of the results strongly depended on the metal concentration. For cadmium the concentrations generally were too low for analysis by ED-XRF, for arsenic, lead and nickel the relative uncertainties decreased exponentially with increasing concentrations. The relation between metal concentration and the relative uncertainty of analysis results could be described as power functions. Analysis of lead and nickel by ED-XRF is well possible in the range of the EU limit and target values for these metals.

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15

Xing, Yan, Haihan Zhang, Zhen Yang, Wei Song, Wenqi Long, Ruirui Zhu, Ruixue Chang, and Linlin Zhang. "Evaluation of 20 Elements in Soils and Sediments by ED-XRF of Monochromatic Excitation." Metals 12, no. 11 (October 24, 2022): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111798.

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There is an urgent need for the accurate analysis of heavy metal contamination in the field of ecology and environmental sciences, especially in the case of trace heavy metals, such as cadmium. Using doubly curved crystals (DCC) to achieve the monochromatic X-ray excitation of the sample to be measured and a silicon drift detector (SDD) to collect the fluorescence of the sample elements, combined with an algorithm analysis of the fundamental parameters (FP), the monochromatic energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (MED-XRF) system significantly improved the detection limits of the target elements. The detection limits, precision, and accuracy of the MED-XRF acquisition for 20 elements, including cadmium, lead, and arsenic, were evaluated and compared with the Determination of Inorganic Elements in Soil and Sediment Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry report and tested on the actual samples. The test results showed that the detection limit of the inorganic elements in soil and sediment determined by MED-XRF was mostly better than the industry standard, especially the detection limit of Cd, which was 0.04 mg/kg. The accuracy and correctness fully met the requirements for daily laboratory testing and, as a quality control tool, the actual sample testing and laboratory ICP-MS results were consistent. The research conducted in this project constituted a useful attempt to expand and improve the analytical methods for inorganic elements in soil and sediment, showing that MED-XRF is superior to conventional ED-XRF and WD-XRF and is the current new method of analysis for a low content of Cd in soil. MED-XRF offers a very important contribution to research on soil census, conservation, the rational use of agricultural land, and soil restoration and improvement, and provides strong support for field testing.

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16

Fakinle, B. S., O. B. Okedere, C. P. Okenwa, and J. A. Sonibare. "ED-XRF analysis of wet deposition around metal recycling plant." Ife Journal of Science 19, no. 2 (November 14, 2017): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v19i2.11.

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17

Bernardoni, Vera, Eleonora Cuccia, Giulia Calzolai, Massimo Chiari, Franco Lucarelli, Dario Massabò, Silvia Nava, Paolo Prati, Gianluigi Valli, and Roberta Vecchi. "ED-XRF set-up for size-segregated aerosol samples analysis." X-Ray Spectrometry 40, no. 2 (February 21, 2011): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1299.

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18

Acquafredda, Pasquale, Francesca Micheletti, Italo Maria Muntoni, Mauro Pallara, and Robert H. Tykot. "Petroarchaeometric Data on Antiparos Obsidian (Greece) for Provenance Study by SEM-EDS and XRF." Open Archaeology 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0003.

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AbstractThe island of Antiparos belongs to the Aegean volcanic arc. The obsidian outcrops here contain pieces of excellent tool-making quality, but of small size making the raw material less attractive. Geological samples collected at Soros beach, at Blaco and Mastichi, in the southern part of the island, were analysed using Optical Microscopy, XRF (whole rock) and SEM-EDS (glass and microliths-microphenocrysts). The results obtained demonstrate the potential for distinguishing the Antiparos obsidian from other major central-western Mediterranean sources in an absolutely non-destructive way, using an XRF spectrometer or alternatively with an SEM equipped with an ED spectrometer.

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19

Ding, Yufan, Jose Mirao, Pedro Redol, Luis Dias, Patricia Moita, Emma Angelini, Sabrina Grassini, and Nicola Schiavon. "Provenance study of the limestone used in construction and restoration of the Batalha Monastery (Portugal)." ACTA IMEKO 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i1.857.

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<p class="Abstract">To assess the provenance of the limestones used in the construction and restoration of the Batalha Monastery in central Portugal, stone samples collected from the monument and from five limestone quarries in the region surrounding the building were investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Ca-Sr binary diagrams from the ED-XRF result indicated the source of the samples collected from different parts of the monastery. Thin-section observation supplemented the petrographic evidence for this identification. PXRD and TGA were also used to acquire information on the mineral and chemical composition of the stones. Preliminary results suggest that the monastery baluster was made of stone from the Valinho do Rei or Reguengo do Fetal quarries, whereas part of the church railing, the north-aisle eaves arch and Royal Cloister were made with stone from the Pidiogo or Cabeço do Roxo quarries.</p>

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20

Paula, L. N. R. de, G. M. de Paula, and M. G. F. Rodrigues. "Adsorption of reactive blue BF-5G dye on MCM-41 synthesized from Chocolate clay." Cerâmica 66, no. 379 (September 2020): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132020663792862.

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Abstract The efficiency of as-synthesized and calcined mesoporous silica, using clay as a silica source, to remove the reactive blue BF-5G dye was investigated. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The kinetic and adsorption isotherms were also studied. The XRD and ED-XRF results showed that the Chocolate clay is rich in SiO2 (69.4%) and has a large amount of other oxides, which can be eliminated by acid leaching. According to the characterization results, the MCM-41 synthesis was effective and produced a highly-ordered material. The kinetic study showed the adsorption corresponded predominantly to the pseudo-second order model. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after 3 h, and the data were better ﬁtted to the Freundlich model. Furthermore, both samples obtained satisfactory removal results, being potential adsorbents having reduced cost due to the use of an alternative silica source.

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21

Mählitz, Løvik, Figi, Schreiner, Kuntz, Korf, Rösslein, Wäger, and Rotter. "Characterizing the Urban Mine–Challenges of Simplified Chemical Analysis of Anthropogenic Mineral Residues." Resources 8, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030132.

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Anthropogenic mineral residues are characterized by their material complexity and heterogeneity, which pose challenges to the chemical analysis of multiple elements. However, creating an urban mine knowledge database requires data using affordable and simple chemical analysis methods, providing accurate and valid results. In this study, we assess the applicability of simplified multi-element chemical analysis methods for two anthropogenic mineral waste matrices: (1) lithium-ion battery ash that was obtained from thermal pre-treatment and (2) rare earth elements (REE)-bearing iron-apatite ore from a Swedish tailing dam. For both samples, simplified methods comprising ‘inhouse’ wet-chemical analysis and energy-dispersive Xray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry were compared to the results of the developed matrix-specific validated methods. Simplified wet-chemical analyses showed significant differences when compared to the validated method, despite proven internal quality assurance, such as verification of sample homogeneity, precision, and accuracy. Matrix-specific problems, such as incomplete digestion and overlapping spectra due to similar spectral lines (ICP-OES) or element masses (ICP-MS), can result in quadruple overestimations or underestimation by half when compared to the reference value. ED-XRF analysis proved to be applicable as semi-quantitative analysis for elements with mass fractions higher than 1000 ppm and an atomic number between Z 12 and Z 50. For elements with low mass fractions, ED-XRF analysis performed poorly and showed deviations of up to 90 times the validated value. Concerning all the results, we conclude that the characterization of anthropogenic mineral residues is prone to matrix-specific interferences, which have to be addressed with additional quality assurance measures.

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22

Kim, Jong-Min, Byeong-Kil Chae, Hui-Jin Park, and Sam-Kuk Gwon. "A Study on the Fire Investigation Techniques of Using ED-XRF." Magazine of Fire Investigation Socity of Korea 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31345/fisk.2021.12.2.5.

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23

Sonibare, J. A., F. A. Akeredolu, O. Osibanjo, and I. Latinwo. "ED-XRF Analysis of Total Suspended Particulates from Enamelware Manufacturing Industry." American Journal of Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2005.573.578.

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24

Ivanova, Ju, R. Djingova, and I. Kuleff. "Possibilities of ED-XRF with radionuclide sources for analysis of plants." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 242, no. 2 (November 1999): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02345596.

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25

Bonizzoni, L. "ED-XRF analysis for Cultural Heritage: is quantitative evaluation always essential?" Journal of Physics: Conference Series 630 (July 15, 2015): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/630/1/012001.

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26

Seyfarth, A., and H. Ress. "F-34 Next Generation S2 Ranger Xflash Benchtop Ed-Xrf System." Powder Diffraction 22, no. 2 (June 2007): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2754415.

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27

Katpadi Mohammed, Abdul Kadhar, Raghu Kanniyappan, Mallappa M. Shirol, and Subhas V. Naik. "Development of Protocol for Computerized XRF-ED Zari Testing Using Artificial Intelligence Technique." Textile & Leather Review 5 (December 17, 2022): 592–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2022.64.

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The fine gold and silver zari thread is an integral part of the silk handloom weaving predominantly practiced in the southern part of the Indian peninsula. The zari thread consists of a silk core, wrapped with flattened silver-copper alloy wire and electroplated with gold. In a brocade silk saree, a minimum of 240 g (1 Marc) of zari is used along with 540 g of dyed silk to produce a silk saree of 6 m in length. The cost of zari is up to 60% of the price of the raw material needed to produce the saree. Earlier, the silver purity of zari thread was assessed using the volumetric analysis technique. Recently, due to the sharp rise in the price of precious metals, the gravimetric technique, which is more time-consuming, has been adopted to test all the zari ingredients as a content percentage to help the fair-trade practice of zari thread. The advent of the computerized XRF-ED technique has accelerated the process of estimating the metal purity values instantly. It could not be used as a tool to estimate the cost of the zari thread as it is traded based on the concentration of silk. Thus, this research aimed to develop the computerized XRF-ED zari testing protocol using the artificial intelligence technique to assess the zari content values. The research findings revealed that the results of the zari thread constituents as content percentage estimated using AI technique are comparable and at par with the test results of the gravimetric analysis. Thus, the XRF-ED testing can be popularized in the field to assess the quality of zari used in the handloom silk saree available to consumers. Findings could also benefit the overall development of the handloom industry faced with tough competition from the silk saree woven with zari imitation thread.

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Bottaini, Carlo E., Antonio Brunetti, Ignacio Montero-Ruiz, Antonio Valera, Antonio Candeias, and José Mirão. "Use of Monte Carlo Simulation as a Tool for the Nondestructive Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) Spectroscopy Analysis of Archaeological Copper-Based Artifacts from the Chalcolithic Site of Perdigões, Southern Portugal." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 1 (November 20, 2017): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817721934.

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This work is part of a broader research line that aims to develop and implement a nondestructive methodology for the chemical characterization of archaeological metals based on a protocol that combines energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) with a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation algorithm. In this paper, the ED-XRF-MC protocol has been applied to estimate the chemical composition of a selected group of 26 copper-based artifacts and fragments recovered at Perdigões, one of the larger Chalcolithic sites of southwest Iberia. All the analyzed artifacts have a multilayered structure composed of the alloy substrate and of a superficial layer common in each metal buried for hundreds of years and consisting of the patina mixed with soil. Due to the difficulty in determining the quantitative composition of these alloys in the presence of this complex patina/encrustation layer, the spectrometric protocol applied in this paper allows to simulate and to determine the composition of the bulk alloy without any prior removal of the overlying corrosion patina layer and soil-derived crust, even in the presence of rough and irregular surfaces, thus preserving the physical integrity of the artifacts. The overall results obtained with the ED-XRF-MC protocol indicates that the artifacts from Perdigões are almost pure coppers with a low amount of arsenic (<3.0 wt%) and reduced concentration of elements such as Pb, Bi, and Sb, in agreement with the third millennium metallurgy known in southwestern Iberia. Also based on previously theoretical–experimental studies, the data presented in this paper show how the applied analytical methodology can be a fast and completely nondestructive analytical tool reliable for routine and large-scale chemical analysis of archaeological metals, thus representing a major advance to be broadly applied within the field of cultural heritage studies.

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29

Ningsih, Sherly Kasuma Warda. "Effect of Various Solvent on the Synthesis of NiO Nanopowders by Simple Sol-Gel Methods and Its Characterization." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21223.

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Synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) with various solvents by simple sol-gel process has been done. NiO nanopowders were obtained by using nickel nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide 5 M were used as precursor and agent precipitator, respectively. The addition of various solvents that used in this research were aquadest, methanol and isopropanol. The powders were formed by drying in the temperature of 100-110 °C for 1 h and after heating at ±450 °C for 1 h. The products were obtained black powders. The products were characterized by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The ED-XRF pattern show that composition of NiO produced was 96.9%. The XRD patterns showed NiO forms were in monoclinic structure with aquadest solvent and cubic structure with methanol and isopropanol used. Crystal sizes of NiO particles produced with aquadest, methanol, isopropanol were obtained in the range 37.05; 72.16; 66.04 nm respectively. SEM micrograph clearly showed that powder had a spherical shape with uniform distribution size is 0.1-1.0 µm approximately.

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30

Chen, Tong, Xingpu Qi, Zaiyong Si, Qianwei Cheng, and Hui Chen. "An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry approach for the identification of geographical origin of wheat flour." International Journal of Food Engineering 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2020-0265.

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Abstract In this work, a method was established for discriminating geographical origins of wheat flour based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) and chemometrics. 68 wheat flour samples from three different origins were collected and analyzed using ED-XRF technology. Firstly, the principal component analysis method was applied to analyze the feasibility of discrimination and reduce data dimensionality. Then, Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) was used to further extract feature variables, and 12 energy variables (corresponding to mineral elements) were identified and selected to characterize the geographical attributes of wheat flour samples. Finally, a non-linear model was constructed using principal component analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). The CARS-PCA-QDA model showed that the accuracy of five-fold cross-validation was 84.25%. The results showed that the established method was able to select important energy channel variables effectively and wheat flour could be classified based on geographical origins with chemometrics, which could provide a theoretical basis for unveiling the relationship between mineral element composition and wheat origin.

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Tavares, Tiago Rodrigues, José Paulo Molin, Lidiane Cristina Nunes, Elton Eduardo Novais Alves, Fábio L. Melquiades, Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho, and Abdul Mounem Mouazen. "Effect of X-Ray Tube Configuration on Measurement of Key Soil Fertility Attributes with XRF." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060963.

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The successful use of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) sensors for soil analysis requires the selection of an optimal procedure of data acquisition and a simple modelling approach. This work aimed at assessing the performance of a portable XRF (XRF) sensor set up with two different X-ray tube configurations (combinations of voltage and current) to predict nine key soil fertility attributes: (clay, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, base saturation (V), and extractable nutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg). An XRF, operated at a voltage of 15 kV (and current of 23 μA) and 35 kV (and current of 7 μA), was used for analyzing 102 soil samples collected from two agricultural fields in Brazil. Two different XRF data analysis scenarios were used to build the predictive models: (i) 10 emission lines of 15 keV spectra (EL-15), and (ii) 12 emission lines of 35 keV spectra (EL-35). Multiple linear regressions (MLR) were used for model calibration, and the models’ prediction performance was evaluated using different figures of merit. The results show that although X-ray tube configuration affected the intensity of the emission lines of the different elements detected, it did not influence the prediction accuracy of the studied key fertility attributes, suggesting that both X-ray tube configurations tested can be used for future analyses. Satisfactory predictions with residual prediction deviation (RPD) ≥ 1.54 and coefficient of determination (R2) ≥ 0.61 were obtained for eight out of the ten studied soil fertility attributes (clay, OM, CEC, V, and extractable K, Ca, and Mg). In addition, simple MLR models with a limited number of emission lines was effective for practical soil analysis of the key soil fertility attributes (except pH and extractable P) using XRF. The simple and transparent methodology suggested also enables future researches that seek to optimize the XRF scanning time in order to speed up the XRF analysis in soil samples.

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Koncz-Horváth, Dániel, and Zoltán Gácsi. "Using Simulated Data to Support the Calibration Process of ED-XRF Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 1435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1435.

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In the general practice of ED-XRF measurements, the values of elemental concentrations are derived from complicated calculation methods. Hereby a simple mathematical formula is suggested, which provides an easy way to prepare standard samples. On the other hand, the simulation of spectral lines may also be a helpful tool for the calibration process. In this study, measured and simulated data were used for the quantitative analysis of ternary Au-Ag-Cu alloys. To determine the calibration points, the peak intensity ratio method was applied and the calibration curves were fitted. This work presents the results of a twofold investigation aimed at: a) finding a suitable computational tool to optimise the parameters of the underlying equations and b) testing the reliability of the simulated data to determine the concentrations of multi-element standard samples. Based on comparisons of calculated concentrations it can be stated that a simple calculation method with simulated data provides an easy tool to define calibration standards. It is also demonstrated that the parameters of the linear plots can be optimised to yield improved results.

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Ahirrao, Rajendrakumar, and Mandakini N. Chaudhari. "RD and ED-XRF study of Indian; Modern, Ancient and Historic Coins." JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 65, no. 07 (2021): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37398/jsr.2021.650717.

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Martindale Johnson, Lucas R., Jeffrey R. Ferguson, Kyle P. Freund, Lee Drake, and Daron Duke. "Evaluating obsidian calibration sets with portable X-Ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) instruments." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 39 (October 2021): 103126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103126.

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Milinovic, Jelena, Filipe M. J. Figueiredo, João Paulo Noronha, and José Sardinha. "Application of ED-XRF spectra for determination of macroelements in edible seaweeds." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 110 (July 2022): 104559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104559.

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ABE, Kai. "Surface Analysis by ED-XRF Coating Thickness Gauge with Activating FP Method." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 72, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.72.159.

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Perring, Loïc, and Daniel Andrey. "Multi-elemental ED-XRF Determination in Dehydrated Bouillon and Sauce Base Products." Food Analytical Methods 11, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0985-0.

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Slavík, Roman, Markéta Julinová, and Martina Labudíková. "Screening of the Spatial Distribution of Risk Metals in Topsoil from an Industrial Complex." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0020-0.

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Screening of the Spatial Distribution of Risk Metals in Topsoil from an Industrial Complex For the sustainable development of urban areas, it is necessary to identify if environmental pollution exists and where hot spot pollution sources lie. In this study, 280 topsoil samples were collected from an industry estate in Zlin (the Czech Republic). In these samples, the presence of toxic metal was analyzed by energy dispersed X-Ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), and statistical analysis revealed that the major anthropogenic contaminants in the topsoil were Pb, Zn and Sn. Further contaminant analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) determined the maximum contents of 28558.47 mg/kg for Pb, 1132.35 mg/kg for Sn and 2865.22 mg/kg for Zn in selected topsoil samples. According to soil pollution index results, the main proportion of topsoil is contaminated, with the possible sources of contamination being traffic and a nearby municipal heating plant. This study proves that the combination of preliminary ED-XRF topsoil analysis, a multivariative statistical approach, AAS analysis and the geographical information system (GIS) is effective and together form a powerful tool for mapping topsoil contamination and conducting an environmental risk assessment.

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Garbacz-Klempka, A., Ł. Kowalski, J. Kozana, J. Gackowski, M. Perek-Nowak, G. Szczepańska, and M. Piękoś. "Archaeometallurgical Investigations of the Early Iron Age Casting Workshop at Kamieniec. A Preliminary Study." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0044.

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Abstract This preliminary study characterizes the bronze metalworking on a defensive settlement of the Lusatian culture in former Kamieniec (Chełmno land, Poland) as it is reflected through casting workshop recovered during recent excavations. Among ready products, the ones giving evidence of local metallurgy (e.g. casting moulds and main runners) were also identified. With the shrinkage cavities and dendritic microstructures revealed, the artifacts prove the implementing a casting method by the Lusatian culture metalworkers. The elemental composition indicates application of two main types of bronzes: Cu-Sn and Cu-Pb. Aside these main alloying additions, some natural impurities such as silver, arsenic, antimony and nickel were found which may be attributed to the origin of the ore and casting technology. The collection from Kamieniec was described in terms of its structure and composition. The investigations were made by means of the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDS) and optical microscopy (OM). In order to fingerprint either local or non-local profile of the alloys, the ED-XRF data-set was statistically evaluated using a factor analysis (FA).

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Garbacz-Klempka, A., Ł. Kowalski, J. Gackowski, and M. Perek-Nowak. "Bronze Jewellery from the Early Iron Age urn-field in Mała Kępa. An approach to casting technology." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0112.

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AbstractThis study characterizes the bronze jewellery recovered from the Lusatian culture urn-field in Mała Kępa (Chełmno land, Poland). Among many common ornaments (e.g. necklaces, rings, pins) the ones giving evidence of a steppe-styled inspiration (nail earrings) were also identified. With the dendritic microstructures revealed, the nail earrings prove the implementing of a lost-wax casting method, whereas some of the castings were further subjected to metalworking. The elemental composition indicates the application of two main types of bronze alloys: Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Pb. It has been established that the Lusatian metalworkers were familiar with re-melting the scrap bronze and made themselves capable of roasting the sulphide-rich ores.The collection from Mała Kępa has been described in terms of its structure and composition. The investigations were made by means of the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X - ray analysis system (EDS) and optical microscopy (OM). In order to fingerprint an alloy profile of the castings with a special emphasis on the nail earrings, the data-set (ED-XRF, EDS) was statistically evaluated using multidimensional analyses (FA, DA).

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Chaouqi, Soukaina, Natalia Moratalla-López, Gonzalo L. Alonso, Cándida Lorenzo, Abdelmjid Zouahri, Nazha Asserar, El Mehdi Haidar, and Taoufiq Guedira. "Effect of Soil Composition on Secondary Metabolites of Moroccan Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)." Plants 12, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040711.

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Climate and soil are important factors that affect the quality of saffron. Saffron quality is determined by the marked content of secondary metabolites. The objective of this work was to study the effect of soil physicochemical properties on the secondary metabolites of saffron. Our study concerned the analysis of saffron samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-detection by diode array (HPLC-DAD). Soil samples were analyzed by physicochemical methods, ED-XRF fluorescence and X-ray diffraction to determine the different types of clays. Saffron samples grown in loam–clay–sand soils contained high values of crocins and kaempferol 3-sophoroside 7-glucoside but low values of safranal. In addition, saffron samples grown in soils rich in organic matter, phosphorus and potassium contained high values of crocins and kaempferol 3-sophoroside 7-glucoside but low values of safranal. This original approach was carried out for the first time in our study, both by ED-XRF fluorescence and by X-ray diffraction, to determine what elements affect the quality of saffron. Thus, we concluded that clays containing low amounts of iron could have a positive effect on the coloring strength of saffron.

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Zwicky, Christoph N., and Peter Lienemann. "Quantitative or semi-quantitative?–laboratory-based WD-XRF versus portable ED-XRF spectrometer: results obtained from measurements on nickel-base alloys." X-Ray Spectrometry 33, no. 4 (July 2004): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.730.

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Swiatly-Blaszkiewicz, Agata, Dagmara Pietkiewicz, Jan Matysiak, Barbara Czech-Szczapa, Katarzyna Cichocka, and Bogumiła Kupcewicz. "Rapid and Accurate Approach for Honeybee Pollen Analysis Using ED-XRF and FTIR Spectroscopy." Molecules 26, no. 19 (October 4, 2021): 6024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26196024.

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Since honeybee pollen is considered a “perfectly complete food” and is characterized by many beneficial properties (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, etc.), it has begun to be used for therapeutic purposes. Consequently, there is a high need to develop methods for controlling its composition. A thorough bee pollen analysis can be very informative regarding its safety for consumption, the variability of its composition, its biogeographical origin, or harvest date. Therefore, in this study, two reliable and non-destructive spectroscopy methods, i.e., ED-XRF and ATR–FTIR, are proposed as a fast approach to characterize bee pollen. The collected samples were derived from apiaries located in west-central Poland. Additionally, some commercially available samples were analyzed. The applied methodology was optimized and combined with sophisticated chemometric tools. Data derived from IR analyses were also subjected to two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. The developed ED-XRF method allowed the reliable quantification of eight macro- and micro-nutrients, while organic components were characterized by IR spectroscopy. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and obtained synchronous and asynchronous maps allowed the study of component changes occurring dependently on the date and location of harvest. The proposed approach proved to be an excellent tool to monitor the variability of the inorganic and organic content of bee pollen.

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KATIRCI, RAMAZAN. "STATISTICAL APPROACH TO OPTIMIZING A Zn–Ni BATH CONTAINING ED AND TEA." Surface Review and Letters 22, no. 01 (February 2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x15500158.

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Zinc–nickel ( Zn – Ni ) alloys were electrodeposited in a noncyanide alkaline bath containing triethanolamine (TEA) and ethylenediamine (ED) as complexing agents for Ni 2+ ions. The microstructure, surface morphology and alloy composition of the electrodeposited zinc–nickel alloys were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. A 23 full-factorial experimental design methodology was applied to identify the main and interaction effects of the variables, and the results were statistically analyzed. The results indicated that ED increased the particle size when the Ni additive concentration was 10 mL/L. When the Ni additive concentration was increased from 10 mL/L to 20 mL/L in the presence of 45 mL/L TEA, ED decreased the particle size and increased the smoothness and compactness of the alloy.

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45

Jovic, Mihajlo, Ana Stankovic, Latinka Slavkovic-Beskoski, Ilija Tomic, Sandro Degetto, and Slavka Stankovic. "Mussels as a bio-indicator of the environmental quality of the coastal water of the Boka Kotorska bay (Montenegro)." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76, no. 6 (2011): 933–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc101007075j.

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The Mediterranean blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was used as a pollution level indicator in the Boka Kotorska Bay of the southeastern Adriatic on the Montenegrin coast. The ever-increasing urbanization and industrialization, combined with a poor sewage system, an increase in both marine and inland traffic, as well as insufficient water circulation in the Bay itself have resulted in some level of pollution. Since heavy metals are extremely toxic and do not easily undergo biodecomposition, the results of this study supply valuable information concerning the metal pollution of the marine environment in Boka Kotorska Bay. The concentrations of the investigated metals and nonmetals accumulated in the mussels were determined during the fall of 2007 using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sn and V, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) to determine the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Si, P, S, Cl, K and Ca. ED-XRF was also used to determine the levels of non-metals and elements present in high concentrations. Comparing the data from this study in relation to data from other regions for Mytilus galloprovincialis, the mussel sampled from the Boka Kotorska Bay showed a moderate level of pollution.

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Sunder Raju, P. V. "Role of Energy Dispersive XRF (ED-XRF) in Development of Rare Earth Element-2, International Certified Standard Reference Material: Ambiguities and Constraints." Journal of the Geological Society of India 96, no. 3 (September 2020): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-020-1544-7.

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Brocchieri, J., C. Sabbarese, F. Marzaioli, I. Passariello, F. Terrasi, C. De Maio, and L. Ferrara. "Elemental analysis using ED-XRF and 14C dating of Cuman wall paintings samples." Journal of Instrumentation 13, no. 04 (April 26, 2018): C04027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/04/c04027.

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Heginbotham, Arlen, Robert Erdmann, and Lee-Ann C. Hayek. "The dating of French gilt bronzes with ED-XRF analysis and machine learning." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 57, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01971360.2018.1515389.

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Perring, Loïc, and Daniel Andrey. "ED-XRF as a Tool for Rapid Minerals Control in Milk-Based Products." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, no. 15 (July 2003): 4207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf034158p.

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Kelloway, Sarah J., Colin R. Ward, Christopher E. Marjo, Irene E. Wainwright, and David R. Cohen. "Calibration for ED-XRF profiling of coal cores for the Itrax Core Scanner." Powder Diffraction 29, S1 (October 20, 2014): S28—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088571561400089x.

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Recent developments in instrumentation mean that chemical analysis of large drill cores taken for geological purposes can be performed rapidly at sub-millimetre scales using core scanners equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers. The present study describes the development of a calibration for the Itrax Core Scanner (Cox Analytical, Sweden), intended for whole cores of coal-seam sections, without the need for sample preparation. The calibration was developed for key major elements (Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, and Fe) based on pressed pellets of reference coals, allowing semi-quantitative and, at times, quantitative analyses. The influence of core curvature and surface roughness compared with an ideal flat-surface was also examined using model samples, and their influence on the apparent sample composition evaluated.

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