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Elbayoumy, Elsayed, Nasser A. El-Ghamaz, Farid Sh Mohamed, Mostafa A. Diab, and Tamaki Nakano. "Dielectric Permittivity, AC Electrical Conductivity and Conduction Mechanism of High Crosslinked-Vinyl Polymers and Their Pd(OAc)2 Composites." Polymers 13, no. 17 (2021): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13173005.
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Semiconductor materials based on metal high crosslinked-vinyl polymer composites were prepared through loading of Pd(OAc)2 on both Poly(ethylene-1,2-diyl dimethacrylate) (poly(EDMA)) and poly(ethylene-1,2-diyl dimethacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (Poly(EDMA-co-MMA)). The thermochemical properties for both poly(EDMA) and poly(EDMA-co-MMA) were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis TGA technique. The dielectric permittivity, AC electrical conductivity and conduction mechanism for all the prepared polymers and their Pd(OAc)2 composites were studied. The results showed that the loading of polymers with Pd(OAc)2 led to an increase in the magnitudes of both the dielectric permittivity and AC electrical conductivity (σac). The value of σac increased from 1.38 × 10−5 to 5.84 × 10−5 S m−1 and from 6.40 × 10−6 to 2.48 × 10−5 S m−1 for poly(EDMA) and poly(EDMA-co-MMA), respectively, at 1 MHz and 340 K after loading with Pd(OAc)2. Additionally, all the prepared polymers and composites were considered as semiconductors at all the test frequencies and in the temperature range of 300–340 K. Furthermore, it seems that a conduction mechanism for all the samples could be Quantum Mechanical Tunneling (QMT).
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Ruth, U., J. M. Barnola, J. Beer, et al. ""EDML1": a chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years." Climate of the Past Discussions 3, no. 2 (2007): 549–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-3-549-2007.
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Abstract. A chronology called EDML1 has been developed for the EPICA ice core from Dronning Maud Land (EDML). EDML1 is closely interlinked with EDC3, the new chronology for the EPICA ice core from Dome-C (EDC) through a stratigraphic match between EDML and EDC that consists of 322 volcanic match points over the last 128 ka. The EDC3 chronology comprises a glaciological model at EDC, which is constrained and later selectively tuned using primary dating information from EDC as well as from EDML, the latter being transferred using the tight stratigraphic link between the two cores. Finally, EDML1 was built by exporting EDC3 to EDML. For ages younger than 41 ka BP EDML1/EDC3 is based on dated volcanic events and on a match to the Greenlandic GICC05 time scale via 10Be and methane. The internal consistency between EDML1 and EDC3 is estimated to be typically ~6 years and always less than 450 years over the last 128 ka (always less than 130 years over the last 60 ka), which reflects an unprecedented synchrony of time scales. EDML1 ends at 150 ka BP (2417 m depth) because the match between EDML and EDC becomes ambiguous further down. This hints to a complex ice flow history for the deepest 350 m of the EDML ice core, which amongst other reasons may be caused by spatial variations of the geothermal heat flux.
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Ruth, U., J. M. Barnola, J. Beer, et al. ""EDML1": a chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years." Climate of the Past 3, no. 3 (2007): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-475-2007.
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Abstract. A chronology called EDML1 has been developed for the EPICA ice core from Dronning Maud Land (EDML). EDML1 is closely interlinked with EDC3, the new chronology for the EPICA ice core from Dome-C (EDC) through a stratigraphic match between EDML and EDC that consists of 322 volcanic match points over the last 128 ka. The EDC3 chronology comprises a glaciological model at EDC, which is constrained and later selectively tuned using primary dating information from EDC as well as from EDML, the latter being transferred using the tight stratigraphic link between the two cores. Finally, EDML1 was built by exporting EDC3 to EDML. For ages younger than 41 ka BP the new synchronized time scale EDML1/EDC3 is based on dated volcanic events and on a match to the Greenlandic ice core chronology GICC05 via 10Be and methane. The internal consistency between EDML1 and EDC3 is estimated to be typically ~6 years and always less than 450 years over the last 128 ka (always less than 130 years over the last 60 ka), which reflects an unprecedented synchrony of time scales. EDML1 ends at 150 ka BP (2417 m depth) because the match between EDML and EDC becomes ambiguous further down. This hints at a complex ice flow history for the deepest 350 m of the EDML ice core.
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Masenko, V. L., A. N. Kokov, S. E. Semenov, and O. L. Barbarash. "Noninvasive evaluation of density of coronary and carotid calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine 99, no. 6 (2019): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2018-99-6-310-318.
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Objective. To estimate the density of calcium deposits of atherosclerotic plaques of coronary and carotid arteries in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 using multislice computed tomography (MSCT).Material and methods. 251 patients with multifocal atherosclerosis (MA) were examined using MSCT. Determined equivalent density of calcium deposits (EDCD) atherosclerotic plaque of coronary and carotid arteries.Results. According to the data of MSCT in patients with MA irrespective of concomitant diabetes was a high incidence of calcification of the coronary and carotid arteries. In Group 1 EDCD coronary arteries was 0.235 (0.214; 0.254) mg/mm3, in the group 2 - 0,219 (0,192; 0,242) mg/mm3. EDCD of carotid arteries in patients with diabetes was 0.183 (0.171; 0.193) mg/mm3, in patients without diabetes - 0.226 (0.199; 0.247) mg/mm3. There was a significant difference in the groups EDCD values for coronary (p = 0.017), and the carotid (p = 0.000003) artery.Conclusion. Using index EDCD obtained on the basis of routine MSCT coronary and carotid arteries in patients with MA with DM compared with those without diabetes had significantly higher density calcifications in projection of coronary and low density of calcium deposits carotid arteries without regard to the degree of Agatston calcification scale.
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Bauer, Henry. "ESSAY REVIEW Disappointing “documentary” about Loch Ness Monsters (“Nessies”) (Can good documentaries be made about such subjects?)." Journal of Scientific Exploration 34, no. 1 (2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20201705.
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“About the show:Professor Neil Gemmell uses cutting-edge environmental DNA science to unravel the mystery of the Loch Ness monster. Neil’s high-tech monster hunt opens a new chapter in the search for Nessie as he puts the leading theories to the ultimate scientific test.” [i]This description misleads in every important respect. The mystery is not unraveled; the leading theory is not even mentioned, and Gemmell’s reason for embarking on this project — namely, to spread awareness of the potential benefits that can accrue from research on environmental DNA (eDNA) — is not well served, because there is no useful explanation of what eDNA science does, what it can and cannot accomplish, and why [ii]. That lack is all the sadder because the results in this case with respect to Nessies are not only incomplete, they are inconclusive and probably even wrong in an important respect.[i] https://www.travelchannel.com/shows/loch-ness-monster-new-evidence[ii] That eDNA work is not easy or infallible is pointed out in a comment on Roland Watson’s informative and reliable blog: “as with any tests that involve biologicals, there are error rates. And eDNA is not immune to these errors. . . . eDNA testing is also affected by seasonal changes — of how creatures operate in their environment, as well as the quality of the effluent at different times of the year, and so on. . . . [F]or eDNA testing to detect creatures properly there would have to be such testing throughout Loch Ness on a quarterly basis over probably at least two years, and probably have close to 350 to 450 sampling points — and doing this at least at five or six different consistent depths. I think that Roland correctly pointed out that nothing was taken way down deep, and there probably should have been. Also, eDNA actually lasts much, much longer in soils than in water. So taking samples off the Loch bottom might be a fruitful endeavor.” Indeed, there are several clues indicating that Nessies spend most of their time down deep, possibly in the two basins known to be deeper than 200 m (Shine & Martin 1988).
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Reuter, Yves. "Travailler autrement l’orthographe au collège." Études de communication, no. 6 (September 1, 1985): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/edc.3150.
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Delforce, Bernard. ""Les élèves face aux devoirs et aux copies corrigées : bavardage inutile, réactions aberrantes ou discours révélateur ?"." Études de communication, no. 7 (February 1, 1986): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/edc.3250.
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Lenglet, Marc. "Des paroles aux actes : usages contemporains de la performativité dans le champ financier." Études de communication, no. 29 (December 1, 2006): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/edc.355.
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Cornman, Robert S., James E. McKenna, Jr., and Jennifer A. Fike. "Composition and distribution of fish environmental DNA in an Adirondack watershed." PeerJ 9 (February 26, 2021): e10539. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10539.
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Background Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are appealing options for monitoring aquatic biodiversity. While factors affecting eDNA persistence, capture and amplification have been heavily studied, watershed-scale surveys of fish communities and our confidence in such need further exploration. Methods We characterized fish eDNA compositions using rapid, low-volume filtering with replicate and control samples scaled for a single Illumina MiSeq flow cell, using the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA locus for taxonomic profiling. Our goals were to determine: (1) spatiotemporal variation in eDNA abundance, (2) the filtrate needed to achieve strong sequencing libraries, (3) the taxonomic resolution of 12S ribosomal sequences in the study environment, (4) the portion of the expected fish community detectable by 12S sequencing, (5) biases in species recovery, (6) correlations between eDNA compositions and catch per unit effort (CPUE) and (7) the extent that eDNA profiles reflect major watershed features. Our bioinformatic approach included (1) estimation of sequencing error from unambiguous mappings and simulation of taxonomic assignment error under various mapping criteria; (2) binning of species based on inferred assignment error rather than by taxonomic rank; and (3) visualization of mismatch distributions to facilitate discovery of distinct haplotypes attributed to the same reference. Our approach was implemented within the St. Regis River, NY, USA, which supports tribal and recreational fisheries and has been a target of restoration activities. We used a large record of St. Regis-specific observations to validate our assignments. Results We found that 300 mL drawn through 25-mm cellulose nitrate filters yielded greater than 5 ng/µL DNA at most sites in summer, which was an approximate threshold for generating strong sequencing libraries in our hands. Using inferred sequence error rates, we binned 12S references for 110 species on a state checklist into 85 single-species bins and seven multispecies bins. Of 48 bins observed by capture survey in the St. Regis, we detected eDNA consistent with 40, with an additional four detections flagged as potential contaminants. Sixteen unobserved species detected by eDNA ranged from plausible to implausible based on distributional data, whereas six observed species had no 12S reference sequence. Summed log-ratio compositions of eDNA-detected taxa correlated with log(CPUE) (Pearson’s R = 0.655, P < 0.001). Shifts in eDNA composition of several taxa and a genotypic shift in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) coincided with the Hogansburg Dam, NY, USA. In summary, a simple filtering apparatus operated by field crews without prior expertise gave useful summaries of eDNA composition with minimal evidence of field contamination. 12S sequencing achieved useful taxonomic resolution despite the short marker length, and data exploration with standard bioinformatic tools clarified taxonomic uncertainty and sources of error.
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Kumar, Chakresh, and Rakesh Goyal. "Effect of Crosstalk in Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System using Hybrid Optical Amplifier." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (2019): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0098.
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Abstract Analysis of proposed 400×10 Gbps super dense wavelength division multiplexing (SD-WDM) system has been evaluated in term of crosstalk and optical signal to crosstalk ratio (OSCR). Amplification is carried out using RAMAN-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) for the transmission of 300 km. The pump power of 550 mW at 1520 nm and 580 mW at 1530 nm are set to RAMAN and EDFA optical amplifier respectively. Further, the power level of 0 dBm with channel spacing of 100 GHz has shown the remarkable outcome of controlling the fiber nonlinearity to maintain the best rating optical communication for long haul distance.
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Akpéyédjé, Dossou, and Saadou Issifou. "PO 8458 POLYMORPHISM OF THE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MSP-2 GENE ASSOCIATED WITH PLACENTAL MALARIA AT THE BORGOU-ALIBORI DEPARTMENTAL HOSPITAL." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (2019): A40.1—A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.104.
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BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, malaria during pregnancy is a major health problem because it poses significant risks for the pregnant woman and the foetus. The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the placenta has consequences for the mother and the foetus. This study aimed to evaluate the allelic polymorphism of the Plasmodium falciparum MSP-2 gene related to the consequences of placental malaria.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study conducted over two periods lasting six months in 2016 and 2017. The maternity center of the Hospital of Borgou-Alibori in Benin served as a framework for the study. From the 98 parturients included, placental blood samples were taken and then genotyped.ResultsUsing the MSP-2 gene as marker, the prevalence was 17, 34%. The MSP-2 gene was polymorphic with 9 distinct allelic types for both 3D7 and FC27 families (150 bp; 200 bp; 250 bp; 275 bp; 300 bp; 350 bp; 400 bp; 450 bp and 500 bp). The FC27 allelic family was predominant over the 3D7 family with 56, 25% and 43, 75% respectively. The 300 bp allelic type (50%) was predominant in the FC27 family while the 400 bp type was predominant in 3D7 family (35, 71%). 9 women had polyclonality (52,94%). The multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 1, 88. The number of strains ranged 1 to 4 in infected women. In univariate analysis there was no significant relationship between MSP-2 gene polymorphism and maternofoetal consequences. The absence of prenatal consultation (p=0.0270), non-taking of IPTp/SP (p=0.0060), the occurrence of malaria in the third trimester (p=0,0364) and moderate maternal anaemia (p=0.0277) were associated with the polymorphism of MSP-2 gene. The MOI was significantly associated with parasite density of infected women.ConclusionPlasmodium falciparum MSP-2 gene was polymorphic in infected women at Parakou. Several factors related to pregnancy monitoring were associated with this genetic diversity. It is therefore essential to ensure correct follow-up of pregnancies.
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Zhong, Ruqing, and Olayiwola Adeola. "Energy values of solvent-extracted canola meal and expeller-derived canola meal for broiler chickens and growing pigs determined using the regression method1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 8 (2019): 3415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz215.
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Abstract The energy values of solvent-extracted canola meal (SECM) and expeller-derived canola meal (EDCM) for broiler chickens and growing pigs were determined in 2 experiments using the regression method. Corn–soybean meal reference diet (RF) and 4 test diets were prepared. The test diets consisted of SECM or EDCM that partly replaced the energy sources in the RF at 100 or 200 g/kg, respectively. The ratios of all energy ingredients were kept similar across all experimental diets. In Exp. 1, a total of 300 birds were fed standard broiler starter diet from days 0 to 19 posthatching. On day 19, 240 birds (776 ± 79.3 g initial BW) were assigned into 5 experimental diets in a randomized complex block design with BW as a blocking factor. Excreta were collected from days 23 to 25 and ileal digesta were collected after birds were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation on day 26. In Exp. 2, 40 barrows (28.4 ± 1.6 kg initial BW) were allotted to 5 experimental diets according to the randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. After 5-d adaption period, the feces and urine samples were collected for 5 d by total collection method. The ileal digestible energy (IDE), apparent ME (AME), and nitrogen-corrected apparent ME (AMEn) in Exp. 1 and the DE, AME, and AMEn in Exp. 2 for experimental diets and canola meals were determined. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of canola meals to RF linearly decreased the IDE, AME, and AMEn for birds fed SECM diets (P < 0.01) and the AME and AMEn for birds fed EDCM diets (P < 0.01). Furthermore, quadratic effects were also found in the IDE, AME, and AMEn by the inclusion of EDCM to RF (P < 0.05). The IDE were 2,194 and 3,514 kcal/kg DM for SECM and EDCM in broiler chickens, respectively. The respective ME and MEn values were 1,919 and 1,695 kcal/kg DM for SECM and 3,134 and 2,937 kcal/kg DM for EDCM. In Exp. 2, the SECM or EDCM addition to RF linearly decreased the AME and AMEn for pigs (P < 0.01). The DE content was also decreased linearly with the increasing level of SECM (P < 0.01). The DE, ME, and MEn of SECM for pigs were 3,109, 2,891, and 2,655 kcal/kg DM, respectively. The EDCM contained 3,850 kcal of DE, 3,581 kcal of ME, and 3,491 kcal of MEn/kg DM for pigs. In conclusion, the energy values of EDCM are greater than those of SECM for broiler chickens and pigs, and pigs utilize more of the GE in SECM and EDCM than broiler chickens.
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Crump, D. "The effects of UV-B radiation and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the biology of amphibians." Environmental Reviews 9, no. 2 (2001): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a01-001.
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Statistical meta-analysis of large and diverse data sets has indicated that amphibians have been declining worldwide since the 1960s. Exposure to UV-B radiation (280320 nm) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been considered as possible hypotheses to explain the observed declines. Equivocal conclusions have been reached with respect to the effects of UV-B on amphibian populations. Field and laboratory studies employing both ecologically relevant and enhanced UV-B levels have been conducted using a variety of amphibian species and reports differ with respect to the most sensitive developmental stage and the ultimate implications. UV-B radiation has also been shown to interact with other stressors (e.g., pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, low pH) resulting in decreased survivorship for several amphibian species. Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity of xenobiotics in amphibians exist; however, early exposure to EDCs could cause abnormal development of the amphibian reproductive system, inhibit vital hormone messages that drive metamorphosis, and ultimately contribute to the decline of some amphibian populations. The available evidence suggests that more than one agent is contributing to amphibian population declines and the following review narrows the focus to address the existing data on the effects of UV-B, alone and in combination with other stressors, and EDCs on amphibian survivorship and development. Key words: amphibians, UV-B radiation, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, declines, review.
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Palacios Colón, Laura, Andrés J. Rascón, Lamia Hejji, Abdelmonaim Azzouz, and Evaristo Ballesteros. "Validation and Use of an Accurate, Sensitive Method for Sample Preparation and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Determination of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Dairy Products." Foods 10, no. 5 (2021): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10051040.
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Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances capable of altering the human hormone system and causing various diseases such as infertility and cancer as a result. In this work, a method for determining twenty-three different EDCs including parabens, alkylphenols, phenylphenols, organophosphorus pesticides, bisphenol A and triclosan in dairy products was developed. Samples are conditioned by addition of acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid, centrifugation and clean-up of the extract by continuous solid-phase extraction. EDCs in the extract are derivatised by heating in a microwave oven and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The proposed method features good limits of detection (6–40 ng/kg) and precision (relative standard deviation < 7.6%); also, it is scarcely subject to matrix effects (1–20%). EDC recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 80 to 108%. The method was used to analyse a total of 33 samples of dairy products including cow, sheep and goat milk, yoghourt, milkshakes, cheese, cream, butter and custard. Bisphenol A was the individual contaminant detected in the greatest number of samples, at concentrations from 180 to 4800 ng/kg. 2-Phenylphenol and ethylparaben were found in more than one-half, at concentrations over the range 130–3500 and 89–4300 ng/kg, respectively. In contrast, alkylphenols, organophosphorus pesticides and triclosan were detected in none.
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Spitler, Kathryn M., Takayuki Matsumoto, and R. Clinton Webb. "Suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress improves endothelium-dependent contractile responses in aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 305, no. 3 (2013): H344—H353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00952.2012.
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A contributing factor to increased peripheral resistance seen during hypertension is an increased production of endothelium-derived contractile factors (EDCFs). The main EDCFs are vasoconstrictor prostanoids, metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) produced by Ca2+-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) following phosphorylation (at Ser505) mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and cyclooxygenase (COX) activations. Although endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been shown to contribute to pathophysiological alterations in cardiovascular diseases, the relationship between ER stress and EDCF-mediated responses remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that ER stress plays a role in EDCF-mediated responses via activation of the cPLA2/COX pathway in the aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Male SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were treated with ER stress inhibitor, tauroursodeoxycholic acid or 4-phenlybutyric acid (TUDCA or PBA, respectively, 100 mg·kg−1·day−1 ip) or PBS (control, 300 μl/day ip) for 1 wk. There was a decrease in systolic blood pressure in SHR treated with TUDCA or PBA compared with control SHR (176 ± 3 or 181 ± 5, respectively vs. 200 ± 2 mmHg). In the SHR, treatment with TUDCA or PBA normalized aortic (vs. control SHR) 1) contractions to acetylcholine (ACh), AA, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, 2) ACh-stimulated releases of prostanoids (thromboxane A2, PGF2α, and prostacyclin), 3) expression of COX-1, 4) phosphorylation of cPLA2 and ERK1/2, and 5) production of H2O2. Our findings demonstrate a novel interplay between ER stress and EDCF-mediated responses in the aorta of the SHR. Moreover, ER stress inhibition normalizes such responses by suppressing the cPLA2/COX pathway.
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Schmutzler, Cornelia, Anja Bacinski, Inka Gotthardt, et al. "The Ultraviolet Filter Benzophenone 2 Interferes with the Thyroid Hormone Axis in Rats and Is a Potent in Vitro Inhibitor of Human Recombinant Thyroid Peroxidase." Endocrinology 148, no. 6 (2007): 2835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1280.
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Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), either plant constituents or contaminants deriving from industrial products, may interfere with the thyroid hormone (TH) axis. Here, we examined whether selected EDCs inhibit the key reactions of TH biosynthesis catalyzed by thyroid peroxidase (TPO). We used a novel in vitro assay based on human recombinant TPO (hrTPO) stably transfected into the human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line FTC-238. F21388 (synthetic flavonoid), bisphenol A (building block for polycarbonates), and the UV filter benzophenone 2 (BP2) inhibited hrTPO. BP2 is contained in numerous cosmetics of daily use and may be in regular contact with human skin. Half-maximal inhibition in the guaiacol assay occurred at 450 nmol/liter BP2, a concentration 20- and 200-fold lower than those required in case of the TPO-inhibiting antithyroid drugs methimazole and propylthiouracil, respectively. BP2 at 300 nmol/liter combined with the TPO substrate H2O2 (10 μmol/liter) inactivated hrTPO; this was, however, prevented by micromolar amounts of iodide. BP2 did not inhibit iodide uptake into FRTL-5 cells. In BP2-treated rats (333 and 1000 mg/kg body weight), serum total T4 was significantly decreased and serum thyrotropin was significantly increased. TPO activities in the thyroids of treated animals were unchanged, a finding also described for methimazole and propylthiouracil. Thus, EDCs, most potently BP2, may disturb TH homeostasis by inhibiting or inactivating TPO, effects that are even more pronounced in the absence of iodide. This new challenge for endocrine regulation must be considered in the context of a still prevailing iodide deficiency in many parts of the world.
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Azooz, Rehab Ebaid. "EDTA as a corrosion inhibitor for Al in 0.5 M HCl: adsorption, thermodynamic and theoretical study." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 6, no. 3 (2016): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.300.
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<p class="Default"><span lang="EN-US">In this study; EDTA is used in very small amount (10<sup>-10</sup> M) as an inhibitor for the Al corrosion in 0.5 M HCl. Thermodynamic and adsorption parameters are calculated. The result shows that, in this range of concentrations, EDTA is chemisorbed at the Al surface, forming a stable complex with Al and give inhibition efficiency up to 89 %. For more concentration, unstable complex is formed and acceleration of corrosion occurs. The adsorption fit well to Langmuir, Temkin isotherms and El-awady model. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to study the geometrical optimizations of EDTA. From the obtained optimized structure, The highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO and their energy difference (ΔE), the total energy (TE), electronegativity (χ), dipole moment (µ), global hardness (η), global softness (σ), electron affinity (A), ionization potential (I), the fraction of electrons transferred (∆N) and were determined using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set.</span></p>
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Matsumoto, Takayuki, Eri Noguchi, Keiko Ishida, Tsuneo Kobayashi, Nobuhiro Yamada, and Katsuo Kamata. "Metformin normalizes endothelial function by suppressing vasoconstrictor prostanoids in mesenteric arteries from OLETF rats, a model of type 2 diabetes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 3 (2008): H1165—H1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00486.2008.
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We previously reported that in mesenteric arteries from aged Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats (a type 2 diabetes model) endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-type relaxation is impaired while endothelium-derived contracting factor (EDCF)-mediated contraction is enhanced (Matsumoto T, Kakami M, Noguchi E, Kobayashi T, Kamata K. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H1480–H1490, 2007). Here we investigated whether acute and/or chronic treatment with metformin might improve this imbalance between the effects of the above endothelium-derived factors in mesenteric arteries isolated from OLETF rats. In acute studies on OLETF mesenteric arteries, ACh-induced relaxation was impaired and the relaxation became weaker at high ACh concentrations. Both metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that is also activated by metformin] 1) diminished the tendency for the relaxation to reverse at high ACh concentrations and 2) suppressed both ACh-induced EDCF-mediated contraction and ACh-stimulated production of prostanoids (thromboxane A2 and PGE2). In studies on OLETF arteries from chronically treated animals, metformin treatment (300 mg·kg−1·day−1 for 4 wk) 1) improved ACh-induced nitric oxide- or EDHF-mediated relaxation and cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated contraction, 2) reduced EDCF-mediated contraction, 3) suppressed production of prostanoids, and 4) reduced superoxide generation. Metformin did not alter the protein expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho-eNOS (Ser1177), or COX-1, but it increased COX-2 protein. These results suggest that metformin improves endothelial functions in OLETF mesenteric arteries by suppressing vasoconstrictor prostanoids and by reducing oxidative stress. Our data suggest that within the timescale studied here, metformin improves endothelial function through this direct mechanism, rather than by improving metabolic abnormalities.
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Pereira, Bruno Fernando Faria, Cleide Aparecida de Abreu, Solange Romeiro, Ana Maria Magalhães Andrade Lagôa, and Antônio Paz-González. "Pb-phytoextraction by maize in a Pb-EDTA treated Oxisol." Scientia Agricola 64, no. 1 (2007): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000100008.
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One of the most viable strategies to restore metal contaminated soils is the introduction of plants specialized in their accumulation or able to tolerate very high metal concentrations. This research evaluated: i. the maize as a Pb-accumulator plant; ii. the effects of EDTA-chelating agent for Pb-uptake by maize; iii. amending effect of EDTA on the soil Pb-availability using different extracts. Treatments consisted of Pb rates (100; 200; 350; 1,200 and 2,400 mg kg-1) applied to a Rhodic Hapludox in the form of Pb3(NO)2 with (0.5 g kg-1) and without EDTA. Lead concentrations were determined in maize plant shoots. Soil available Pb was obtained using DTPA, Mehlich-3 and saturation solutions methods. Ionic speciation in the soil solution was performed using the software Visual-Minteq. Although a low t value was found (t <0.70), Pb concentration were high (>1,500 mg kg-1 of Pb) in maize shoots regardless of EDTA addition. Maize plants treated with EDTA had lower dry matter yield, mainly due to toxic levels of Fe and Al of the Oxisol. All extracting solutions were effective to determine available Pb in soil samples, but the saturation extract is a more difficult and time consuming procedure. At low and medium Pb levels, the plants grew less on EDTA, therefore the phytoextration process was less efficient. The addition of EDTA to the soil is not recommended with the purpose of increasing Pb absorption by maize plants.
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Verardi Burlamaque, Fabiane, and Deisi Luzia Zanatta. "A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA MULHER NA LITERATURA: A PROTAGONISTA EM THE AWAKENING, DE KATE CHOPIN." Revista da Anpoll 1, no. 41 (2016): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18309/anp.v1i41.928.
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Este artigo visa analisar como é representada a prática transgressora de emancipação da protagonista Edna Pontellier, no romance The Awakening, da escritora norte-americana Kate Chopin mediante a categoria da personagem, do narrador e foco narrativo. Para tal buscamos subsídios teóricos em Candido (1976), Rosenfeld (1969) e Forster (2005) sobre a natureza e a classificação da personagem de ficção; Genette (1972) acerca da teoria da narrativa, o qual trata sobre o narrador heterodiegético e de Friedman (2002) sobre o foco narrativo, especificamente, a onisciência seletiva e seletiva múltipla. O estudo mostra que, muitas vezes, a escritora deixa transparecer os sentimentos e percepções da protagonista, bem como das demais personagens, permitindo ao leitor (a) saber que ideologia atravessa a mente dos seres ficcionais. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
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Muhammadzai, Javeria, Michael Moser, Kamal Haider, et al. "Effects of early discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy (EDAC) and the timing of treatment on outcomes in patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer (ESPC): Result from a population-based retrospective cohort study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (2020): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.694.
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694 Background: Although evidence suggests that a delay in initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) results in inferior outcomes in some cancers, little is known about its detrimental effects in patients with ESPC. Moreover, it is not known if EDAC has been associated with high risk of recurrence and poor survival. The current study aims to determine association between timing and completion of AC and outcomes in ESPC. Methods: Patients with ESPC who were diagnosed from Jan 2007 to Dec 2017 and underwent complete resection in the province of Saskatchewan were examined. Kaplan Meier methods and log rank tests were performed for survival analyses. Cox proportional multivariate analyses were performed for correlation with recurrence and survival. Results: A total 168 patients with ESPC were identified. 97 (57%) patients were excluded as they did not receive AC, were found to have metastatic disease, did not have curative surgery or had received preoperative chemotherapy. Of 71 eligible patients with median age of 69 years (IQR: 57-73), 52% were male, 31% had WHO performance status of 0 and 92% had a comorbid illness. 78% had pancreatic head tumor, 66% had T3 tumor and 63% had node-positive disease. Median time to start of AC from surgery was 73 days (IQR: 59-89). 32% were started AC within 60 days of surgery. 89% received single-agent chemotherapy and 25% received adjuvant radiation. 69% completed planned treatment. Median time to recurrence in group which completed treatment was 22 months (95%CI:15.8-28.2) vs. 9 months (3.3-14.7) if treatment was discontinued early (P < 0.001). Median overall survival of the group that completed treatment was 33 months (17.5-48.5) vs. 16 months (17.5-48.5) if it was stopped early (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, EDAC was significantly correlated with recurrent disease (HR = 3.0; 1.6-5.5), P = 0.0001 and inferior survival (HR = 3.2; 1.68-6.12), P < 0.001. No correlation between AC timing and survival was noted. Conclusions: Although timing of AC does not correlate with inferior outcomes, EDAC has been associated with high risk of recurrence and inferior survival in ESPC.
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Pereira, Bruno Fernando Faria, Cleide Aparecida de Abreu, Uwe Herpin, Mônica Ferreira de Abreu, and Ronaldo Severiano Berton. "Phytoremediation of lead by jack beans on a Rhodic Hapludox amended with EDTA." Scientia Agricola 67, no. 3 (2010): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162010000300009.
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A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) addition to soils on the lead (Pb) phytoextraction potential of jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis L.). In a pot experimentSoil samples (dystrophic Rhodic Hapludox) were treated with six Pb rates (0, 100, 200, 350, 1,200, and 2,400 mg kg-1 soil) applied as Pb(NO3)2 without and with EDTA application (0 and 0.5 g kg-1, respectively). Lead, Cl-, NO3-, NH4+, SO4(2-), H2PO4-, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentrations obtained in a saturation soil extract (soil:water ratio of 1:0.3) were used for Pb speciation by means of the software Visual-Minteq 2.30. Soil Pb-availability was assessed with Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction. EDTA treated soils showed higher Pb (as PbEDTA2-), and Fe (as FeEDTA-) concentrations in soil solution leading to higher uptake of these elements by the jack bean. On the other hand, it decreased the concentration of stable complexes as Pb-DOC and Fe-DOC. EDTA also induced better nutrition to plants building up the concentration of non target metals (Ca, K, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in shoots. Shoot dry matter yield remained constant even at the highest Pb rates after EDTA treatment. Jack bean can be considered as a potential Pb-phytoextractor. In addition, the DTPA solution was effective to assess Pb availability to the plants at all applied Pb rates.
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ITOIGAWA, Fumihiro, Tohru KAWASHIMA, Shinya HAYAKAWA, Takashi NAKAMURA, and Tomio MATSUBARA. "330 Study on Tribological Properties of TiC Coated Layer by EDC." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2001.3 (2001): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2001.3.251.
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Nallu, Ravali, Misbah Azmath, Hassaan Aftab, and Vitaly Kantorovich. "A Case of Euglycemic DKA With SGLT 2 Inhibitor Use- A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A358—A359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.730.
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Abstract Background: The increasing use of SGLT-2 inhibitors driven by the apparent renal and cardiovascular benefits has been associated with increased incidence of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), we present a case of euglycemic DKA following bariatric surgery in a patient on SGLT-2 inhibitors. Case: 32 year old female with history of diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and triglyceride induced pancreatitis was admitted for an elective gastric sleeve procedure. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes after birth of her first child. Prior to the surgery she was treated with metformin 1000 mg twice daily, Empagliflozin 25 mg once daily, Tresiba 46 units and Humalog 12–15 units with each meal. She was placed on a strict calorie restricted diet leading up to the surgery. Empagliflozin and metformin were held 1 day prior to the surgery, insulin was decreased. Patient’s laparoscopic surgery was complicated by bleeding and hypotension and had to be converted to open surgery. Post operatively labs showed metabolic acidosis with bicarbonate level of 13 mmol/l (22–33), anion gap of 22 (7–17) and arterial pH of 7.29. Serum glucose of 223 mg/dl (65- 99), AST 541 u/l (10–50) ALT 580 u/l (10–50), beta hydroxy butyrate 5.89 mmol/l (&lt; 0.28), serum osmolality 305. Urinalysis showed a glucose of 500 mg /dl with the presence of large ketones. She was started on an insulin infusion and transferred to the ICU for close monitoring and management of euglycemic DKA. She was eventually transitioned to a basal bolus regimen of insulin at discharge with discontinuation of SGLT - 2 inhibitor therapy. Later, it was revealed that the patient had history of EDKA while on SGLT2 inhibitors, which was not reported to her new endocrinologist and hence she was re-initiated on them a year ago. Discussion: Euglycemic DKA [EDKA] in the setting of SGLT- 2 inhibitor use has been associated with Type I diabetes with an incidence of 9.4 % whereas in type II at a rate of 0.2 %. In type 2 diabetics, it is more common in patients with beta cell insufficiency and may predict risk of developing type 1 diabetics which is likely the case in our patient. SGLT2 inhibitors act by promoting glucosuria, which in turn promotes sodium and ketone body reabsorption and increased ketone body production because of increased glucagon to insulin ratio. (1) Most patients with DKA while on SGLT 2 inhibitor have a precipitating event like dehydration, infection, surgery or change in insulin dose. We propose that strict carbohydrate diet and continuation of SGLT2 inhibitors before bariatric surgery resulted in EDKA. It led to complications peri-operatively. In conclusion, despite the increasing benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetics, one must be cognizant of its limitations and in particular association with EDKA. This especially holds true for patients suspected to have beta cell dysfunction or ketosis prone diabetes and patients on strict/low carbohydrate diets.
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Fu, Yu, and Yan Shan Cui. "Removal Soil Lead (Pb) from EDTA Leachate by Bentonite and Modified Bentonite." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.230.
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There is little information about removal soil Pb from EDTA leachate. Modified bentonite was successfully synthesized from original bentonite and iron (Fe) in this study. Removal efficiency of Pb from the EDTA leachate using the modified bentonite was higher than that of original bentonite. The highest removal efficiency of Pb was 65% with modified bentonite with pH 3.0. The results of this work proposed a potential way for removal of soil Pb from the EDTA leachates.
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Lundqvist, S., S. O. Hietala, and K. Karp. "Experimental Studies Comparing Iohexol and 51Cr-Edta for Glomerular Filtration Rate Measurements." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 1 (1995): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600110.
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The total plasma clearance as well as the renal clearance of iohexol were evaluated for determination of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 16 anesthetized pigs. The iohexol levels in urine and plasma were measured by X-ray fluorescence. The total plasma clearance of 1 and 4 ml/kg b.w. of iohexol 300 mg I/ml was compared to the simultaneously as well as nonsimultaneously calculated total plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA. The total plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA and of iohexol turned out to be equal and independent of the injected dose of iohexol. The injected dose did not have any effect on the renal clearance of iohexol either. It is concluded that iohexol and 51Cr-EDTA are similar as marker substances for determination of the GFR.
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Saelee, R., and C. Bunyakan. "Degradation Kinetics of Fe-EDTA in Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Process." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2012 (June 5, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/740429.
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Available data on the degradation of Fe-EDTA liquid redox H2S removal processes are reviewed, and the effect of H2S molar flow rate, the initial concentration of Fe(III)EDTA, and the presence of sodium citrate in Fe-EDTA solution were investigated in this study. The semibatch with continuous flow of H2S containing biogas was used under a wide range of experimental conditions; , H2S molar flow rate, (1.08 × 10−3–3.40 × 10−3 mol/h), the initial concentration of Fe(III)EDTA, (2.17–8.16 mol/m3), and the concentration of sodium citrate, (0–300 mol/m3). The result showed that sodium citrate acted as stabilizer with a good ability to reduce the degradation rate. The degradation rate of Fe-EDTA was found to follow pseudo first-order kinetics. Empirical correlations expressed the degradation rate constant as a function of significant H2S molar flow rate, and the initial Fe(III)EDTA and sodium citrate concentration were successfully developed for the prediction of Fe-EDTA degradation rate. Moreover, the precipitated solid, called sulfur cake, was recovered, and its composition was investigated. The result revealed that the sulfur cake contained more than 98% sulfur element and almost balances with iron, and no significant EDTA was degraded into the solid form.
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Mhimbira, Francis, Jerry Hella, Hellen Hiza, et al. "PO 8565 PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RESPIRATORY VIRUSES AND BACTERIA DETECTED IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS COMPARED TO HOUSEHOLD CONTACT CONTROLS IN TANZANIA." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (2019): A54.2—A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.142.
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BackgroundThe study aim is to describe the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in tuberculosis (TB) patients and in their household contact controls, and to determine the clinical significance of respiratory pathogens in TB patients.MethodsWe studied 489 smear-positive adult TB patients and 305 household contact controls without TB with nasopharyngeal swab samples within an ongoing prospective cohort study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between 2013 and 2015. We used multiplex real-time PCR to detect 16 respiratory viruses and seven bacterial pathogens from nasopharyngeal swabs.ResultsThe median age of the study participants was 33 years; 61% (484/794) were men, and 21% (168/794) were HIV-positive. TB patients had a higher prevalence of HIV (28.6%; 140/489) than controls (9.2%; 28/305). Overall prevalence of respiratory viral pathogens was 20.4% (160/794; 95% CI 17.7%–23.3%) and of bacterial pathogens 38.2% (303/794; 95% CI 34.9%–41.6%). TB patients and controls did not differ in the prevalence of respiratory viruses (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.00, 95% CI 0.71–1.44), but respiratory bacteria were less frequently detected in TB patients (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.94). TB patients with both respiratory viruses and respiratory bacteria were likely to have more severe disease (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.4; p 0.011). TB patients with respiratory viruses tended to have more frequent lung cavitations (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 0.93–2.7; p 0.089).ConclusionRespiratory viruses are common for both TB patients and household controls. TB patients may present with more severe TB disease, particularly when they are co-infected with both bacteria and viruses.
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Kaye, Paul, Ahmed Musa, Joseph Olobo, et al. "OC 8489 CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF A THERAPEUTIC VACCINE FOR PREVENTION OF POST KALA AZAR DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (2019): A9.2—A9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.22.
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BackgroundThe leishmaniases represent a complex of human diseases, with 350 million people at risk of infection worldwide. Although the potential benefits of vaccination have been well-recognised, no human vaccine is registered. Post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a chronic skin disease often following treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In addition to affecting quality of life, evidence suggests that PKDL patients may also act as reservoirs for VL transmission. Hence, PKDL vaccines may have a significant impact on disease burden. We recently developed a third-generation adenoviral vaccine for leishmaniasis (ChAd63-KH) that has been evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in healthy volunteers (Osman et al,2017). ChAd63-KH is currently being evaluated for safety as a therapeutic in Sudanese PKDL patients, with a phase IIb RCT starting in late 2018. With EDCTP funding, we are initiating a new phase IIa/IIb study (PREV_PKDL) todetermine whether ChAd63-KH can prevent PKDL development.MethodsIn PREV_PKDL, we will conduct an open-label phase IIa safety study, followed by a placebo blinded, phase IIb RCT. Safety and clinical response represent primary outcome measures, and immunogenicity is a secondary outcome measure. In addition, working across the four countries of Leishmaniasis East Africa Platform (LEAP), we will use deep phenotyping methods to study the immune status of patients before and after treatment for VL to understand why PKDL development is limited to specific geographic regions. This work, and other research in the region, will be supported by the creation of a new flow cytometry ‘centre of excellence’ within LEAP.ResultsAn update on the progress of our current therapeutic trial in PKDL patients will be provided.ConclusionPREV_PKDL represents an important step in the clinical development of ChAd63-KH and will help develop capacity to support future vaccine and drug trials for leishmaniasis in the East Africa Region.
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Stankovic, Slavka, Branimir Grgur, Nedeljko Krstajic, and Milan Vojnovic. "Kinetics of the zinc anodic dissolution reaction in near neutral EDTA solutions." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 68, no. 3 (2003): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0303207s.
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Polarization curves of the anodic dissolution reaction of zinc were determined in EDTA solutions of different total molar concentrations (0.05 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mol dm-3), the pH values of which were systematically varied (pH 3.0 ? 10.0). The Tafel slopes of the anodic polarization curves are close to 40 mV dec-1 at lower current densities (10-5 ? 5x10-4 A cm-2) while at higher current densities (5x10-4 ? 10-2 A cm-2) the slopes are in the range of 60 ? 120 mV dec-1. The order of the anodic reaction determined from the anodic polarization curves at lower current densities are: z+(H+) ?? 1/2 for pH < 8 and z+(H+) ??1 for pH > 8, while z+(H4Y) ??1 for all pH values of the examined EDTA solutions. On the basis of these results, two mechanisms of the zinc anodic dissolution reaction are proposed: at pH < 8 and at pH > 8. In both cases the relevant EDTA species directly participate as reactants in the anodic reaction. The dependences of the corrosion potential on pH and on total molar EDTA concentration indicate that the relevant EDTA species take part as reactants in both the cathodic (hydrogen evolution) and anodic (zinc dissolution) reactions of the zinc corrosion process.
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Leyssac, Paul P., Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou, and Ole Skøtt. "Renal blood flow, early distal sodium, and plasma renin concentrations during osmotic diuresis." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 4 (2000): R1268—R1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.4.r1268.
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Inconsistencies in previous reports regarding changes in early distal NaCl concentration (EDNaCl) and renin secretion during osmotic diuresis motivated our reinvestigation. After intravenous infusion of 10% mannitol, EDNaCl fell from 42.6 to 34.2 mM. Proximal tubular pressure increased by 12.6 mmHg. Urine flow increased 10-fold, and sodium excretion increased by 177%. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) increased by 58%. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate decreased, however end-proximal flow remained unchanged. After a similar volume of hypotonic glucose (152 mM), EDNaClincreased by 3.6 mM, ( P < 0.01) without changes in renal hemodynamics, urine flow, sodium excretion rate, or PRC. Infusion of 300 μmol NaCl in a smaller volume caused EDNaCl to increase by 6.4 mM without significant changes in PRC. Urine flow and sodium excretion increased significantly. There was a significant inverse relationship between superficial nephron EDNaCl and PRC. We conclude that EDNa decreases during osmotic diuresis, suggesting that the increase in PRC was mediated by the macula densa. The results suggest that the natriuresis during osmotic diuresis is a result of impaired sodium reabsorption in distal tubules and collecting ducts.
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Setiawan, Sarno, Irawan, and Alfath Fanidya. "Uji Proteksi Kombinasi Antioksidan Asam Askorbat dan EDTA sebagai Pengkelat Pb Darah terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Tikus (Mus musculus)." Jurnal Zarah 7, no. 1 (2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/zarah.v7i1.848.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat proteksi antioksidan (kombinasi EDTA dan asam askorbat) terhadap kadar hemoglobin tikus putih yang dipapar timbal asetat. Jumlah perlakuan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Setiap kelompok perlakuan dipapar Pb asetat 175 mg/kg BB kecuali kelompok kontrol. Kelompok kontrol, kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok I (Na2EDTA 150 mg/kg BB), kelompok II (Na2EDTA 250 mg/kg BB), kelompok III (Na2EDTA 150 mg/kg BB dan asam askorbat 300 mg/kg BB), dan kelompok IV (Na2EDTA 250 mg/kg BB dan asam askorbat 500 mg/kg BB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok kontrol memiliki kadar hemoglobin tertinggi yaitu 13,1 gr/100 ml, sedangkan kelompok kontrol negatif yaitu 6,3 gr/100 ml, kelompok I yaitu 7,2 gr/100 ml, kelompok II yaitu 7,7 gr/100 ml, kelompok III yaitu 9,3 gr/100 ml, dan kelompok IV yaitu 8,3 gr/100 ml. Data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh asam askorbat dan Na2EDTA dalam menormalkan kadar hemoglobin tikus putih. Kombinasi antioksidan paling efektif yaitu 300 mg/kg BB asam askorbat dengan 150 mg/kg BB Na2EDTA. Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa f hitung < f tabel , sehingga Ho diterima artinya ada pengaruh induksi timbal asetat secara oral pada tikus terhadap kadar hemoglobin. Semakin banyak tikus putih diinduksi timbal asetat, maka kadar hemoglobin semakin rendah.
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Holtkamp, Ute, Jeanette Klein, Johannes Sander, et al. "EDTA in Dried Blood Spots Leads to False Results in Neonatal Endocrinologic Screening." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 3 (2008): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.096685.
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Abstract Background: Blood samples for neonatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism are collected and shipped on standardized filter paper cards. Occasionally these samples are contaminated with EDTA, which is often used for anticoagulation. EDTA may interfere with newborn screening tests based on lanthanide fluorescence and thus lead to false-negative or false-positive results. Methods: We used tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to detect EDTA in dried blood spots by use of an extra experiment that was integrated into the standard MS/MS neonatal screening and did not require an additional sample spot, nor extra time or work. We analyzed the influence of different blood sampling procedures on lanthanide fluorescence tests for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). Results: EDTA was increased in 138 of 190 000 newborn screening samples, 27 of which caused false- positive results in the immunoassay for 17-OHP. No false-negative TSH results were found. False-positive results in the 17-OHP test occurred when EDTA concentrations were &gt;2.0 g/L; the TSH test, however, produced false negatives only when EDTA concentrations were &gt;3.0 g/L. Using EDTA-containing devices the procedure of blood collection significantly influenced the concentration of the anticoagulant. Conclusion: Addition of EDTA quantification into standard MS/MS tests is a simple and useful method to avoid false-positive or false-negative neonatal screening results in lanthanide fluorescence–based tests.
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Landais, A., G. Dreyfus, E. Capron та ін. "Towards orbital dating of the EPICA Dome C ice core using δO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>". Climate of the Past 8, № 1 (2012): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-191-2012.
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Abstract. Based on a composite of several measurement series performed on ice samples stored at −25 °C or −50 °C, we present and discuss the first δO2/N2 record of trapped air from the EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core covering the period between 300 and 800 ka (thousands of years before present). The samples stored at −25 °C show clear gas loss affecting the precision and mean level of the δO2/N2 record. Two different gas loss corrections are proposed to account for this effect, without altering the spectral properties of the original datasets. Although processes at play remain to be fully understood, previous studies have proposed a link between surface insolation, ice grain properties at close-off, and δO2/N2 in air bubbles, from which orbitally tuned chronologies of the Vostok and Dome Fuji ice core records have been derived over the last four climatic cycles. Here, we show that limitations caused by data quality and resolution, data filtering, and uncertainties in the orbital tuning target limit the precision of this tuning method for EDC. Moreover, our extended record includes two periods of low eccentricity. During these intervals (around 400 ka and 750 ka), the matching between δO2/N2 and the different insolation curves is ambiguous because some local insolation maxima cannot be identified in the δO2/N2 record (and vice versa). Recognizing these limitations, we restrict the use of our δO2/N2 record to show that the EDC3 age scale is generally correct within its published uncertainty (6 kyr) over the 300–800 ka period.
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Hatlie, Peter. "(J.) Haldon Ed.A Social History of Byzantium. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2009. Pp. xxvii + 300. £55. 9781405132404 (hbk). £19.99. 978140513-2411 (pbk)." Journal of Hellenic Studies 130 (November 2010): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426910001084.
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Cauquoin, A., A. Landais, G. M. Raisbeck, et al. "Comparing past accumulation rate reconstructions in East Antarctic ice cores using <sup>10</sup>Be, water isotopes and CMIP5-PMIP3 models." Climate of the Past 11, no. 3 (2015): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-355-2015.
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Abstract. Ice cores are exceptional archives which allow us to reconstruct a wealth of climatic parameters as well as past atmospheric composition over the last 800 kyr in Antarctica. Inferring the variations in past accumulation rate in polar regions is essential both for documenting past climate and for ice core chronology. On the East Antarctic Plateau, the accumulation rate is so small that annual layers cannot be identified and accumulation rate is mainly deduced from the water isotopic composition assuming constant temporal relationships between temperature, water isotopic composition and accumulation rate. Such an assumption leads to large uncertainties on the reconstructed past accumulation rate. Here, we use high-resolution beryllium-10 (10Be) as an alternative tool for inferring past accumulation rate for the EPICA Dome C ice core, in East Antarctica. We present a high-resolution 10Be record covering a full climatic cycle over the period 269 to 355 ka from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9 to 10, including a period warmer than pre-industrial (MIS 9.3 optimum). After correcting 10Be for the estimated effect of the palaeomagnetic field, we deduce that the 10Be reconstruction is in reasonably good agreement with EDC3 values for the full cycle except for the period warmer than present. For the latter, the accumulation is up to 13% larger (4.46 cm ie yr−1 instead of 3.95). This result is in agreement with the studies suggesting an underestimation of the deuterium-based accumulation for the optimum of the Holocene (Parrenin et al. 2007a). Using the relationship between accumulation rate and surface temperature from the saturation vapour relationship, the 10Be-based accumulation rate reconstruction suggests that the temperature increase between the MIS 9.3 optimum and present day may be 2.4 K warmer than estimated by the water isotopes reconstruction. We compare these reconstructions to the available model results from CMIP5-PMIP3 for a glacial and an interglacial state, i.e. for the Last Glacial Maximum and pre-industrial climates. While 3 out of 7 models show relatively good agreement with the reconstructions of the accumulation–temperature relationships based on 10Be and water isotopes, the other models either underestimate or overestimate it, resulting in a range of model results much larger than the range of the reconstructions. Indeed, the models can encounter some difficulties in simulating precipitation changes linked with temperature or water isotope content on the East Antarctic Plateau during glacial–interglacial transition and need to be improved in the future.
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Gao, Li Di, Naoki Kano, Yuichi Sato, Shuang Zhang, and Hiroshi Imaizumi. "Effect of EDTA and EDDS on Phytoremediation of Pb- and Zn- Contaminated Soil by Brassica Juncea." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5040.
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Effect of EDTA and EDDS on phytoremediation of Pb- and Zn- contaminated soil by Brassica Juncea was investigated in this work. Especially, the effect of the kind and the method of adding chelating agent was investigated during the plant growth. Plants were grown in an environmental control system. The biomass of the whole plant was weighed, and the uptake of Pb and Zn in shoot and root were determined using ICP-AES. Consequently, the following matters have been obtained: (1) Both EDTA and EDDS significantly enhanced the translocation of metals (Pb and Zn) in soil from root to shoot. Furthermore, the two chelating agents resulted in a sharply biomass loss for more than 30% of the control. As a result, the total uptake amount of metals by Brassica Juncea was decreased (except the uptake of Pb with the addition of 3.0 mmol•kg-1 EDTA). (2) EDDS showed the higher inhibition for the growth of Brassica Juncea than EDTA. (3) The method for adding EDTA and EDDS at several times separately did not necessarily increase the uptake of heavy metals.
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Messele, Selamawit Ashagre, Christophe Bengoa, Frank Erich Stüber, et al. "Enhanced Degradation of Phenol by a Fenton-Like System (Fe/EDTA/H2O2) at Circumneutral pH." Catalysts 9, no. 5 (2019): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9050474.
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This work deals with the degradation of phenol based on the classical Fenton process, which is enhanced by the presence of chelating agents. Several iron-chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), and ethylenediamine-N,N’-diacetic acid (EDDA) were explored, although particular attention was given to EDTA. The effect of the molar ligand to iron ratio, EDTA:Fe, initial pH, and temperature on the oxidation process was studied. The results demonstrate that the proposed alternative approach allows the capacity for degrading phenol to be extended from the usual acidic pH (around 3.0) to circumneutral pH range (6.5–7.5). The overall feasibility of the process depends on the concentration of the chelating agent and the initial pH of the solution. The maximum phenol conversion, over 95%, is achieved using a 0.3 to 1 molar ratio of EDTA:Fe, stoichiometric ratio of H2O2 at an initial pH of 7.0, and a temperature of 30 °C after 2 hours of reaction, whereas only 10% of phenol conversion is obtained without EDTA. However, in excess of ligand (EDTA:Fe > 1), the generation of radicals seems to be strongly suppressed. Improvement of the phenol removal efficiency at neutral pH also occurs for the other chelating agents tested.
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Adigbonon, Claudiane, Benoît S. Assogba, and Luc S. Djogbenou. "PO 8418 NEW MALARIA EPIDEMIOLOGY IN COASTAL LAGOON OF BENIN: PLASMODIUM INFECTION IN ANOPHELES MELAS." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (2019): A35.1—A35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.90.
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IntroductionMalaria is a worldwide disease affecting many people particularly in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. It is caused by Plasmodium parasites and essentially transmitted by female mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles genus. Our understanding of the infectivity of these vectors to Plasmodium is necessary to design sustainable strategies for their control. This aspect remains unknown in the coastal and lagoon area of Benin where Anopheles melas and Anopheles coluzzii are sympatric. This study aims to investigate the infectivity of these two vectors to Plasmodium to understand their role in malaria transmission in southern Benin.MethodsInsecticide spray catch technique was used to collect females in 80 houses randomly selected in our study site. Three hundred and twenty (320) females were identified using PCR–species technique, Plasmodium infection was determined by the TaqMan method during the dry season. This assay detects all four malaria-causing species and discriminates Plasmodium falciparum from Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae (OVM).ResultsDuring the dry season, the sporozoïte rates were 0.2% and 0.3% for Anopheles melas and Anopheles coluzzii, respectively. However, we observed that positivity to the OVM (one of Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae species) was significantly higher in Anopheles melas (95%) than in Anopheles coluzzii (33.33%) (Chi-sq=15 857, df=1, p<0.001). These results indicated that Anopheles melas is more infected by one of the species Plasmodium ovale, Plamodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae than by Plasmodium falciparum, contrarily to Anopheles coluzzii.ConclusionThese findings reinforce the debate on the role of Anopheles melas in malaria transmission in coastal lagoon areas of Benin.
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Kim, Cheolhwan, Gilad Goldfarb, Yan Han, Zhihong Li, Xiaoxu Li, and Guifang Li. "WDM Transmission over 320 km EDFA-Amplified SSMF Using 30 Gb/s Return-to-Zero Optical Differential 8-Level Phase-Shift Keying (OD8PSK)." Optics Express 13, no. 11 (2005): 4044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.004044.
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Bakarey, Adeleye S., Ijeoma M. Ifeorah, and Adegboyega Akere. "PO 8275 HEPATITIS B VIRUS IMMUNE ESCAPE MUTANTS AMONG APPARENTLY HEALTHY INHABITANTS IN IBADAN, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (2019): A25.3—A26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.65.
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BackgroundThe documentation of circulation of immune escape mutants (IEMs) poses a risk on the continual success of HBV prevention and control. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the possible circulation of IEM among asymptomatic dwellers in southwestern Nigeria.MethodsBlood samples collected from consenting 133 males and 305 female participants in Ibadan were tested for HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcIgM, HBcTotal and HBsAb by ELISA technique. Samples positive for HBsAg were further analysed for HBV DNA by amplifying and sequencing the S gene. Isolates were genotyped and subtyped based on amino acid residues at position 122, 127, 134, 160 of the S gene.ResultsOf the 438 subjects tested 31 (7.1%) were positive for HBsAg, 2 (6.5%) of which were HBeAg positive. Ninety-nine (22.8%) had detectable HBsAb, 3 (0.7%) were positive for HBcIgM and 195 (44.5%) were HBcTotal positive. HBV DNA was amplified and sequenced in 27 out of 31 and 4 could not be amplified due to low titres. After sequencing, 9 (33.3%) were not exploitable due to the presence of multiple peaks. Of the 18 exploitable isolates, only 15 showed significant similarity to HBV S-gene. Eleven of the 15 isolates were subtyped as ayw4 while others could not due to substitution at s122p. Phylogram showed that the 11 isolates were genotype E. Two of the 4 isolates with R122Q/P substitutions also belonged to genotype E while the other 2 which were >11% divergent from the reference genotype E sequence clustered with an isolate previously described as an Immune Escape Mutant.ConclusionThis study identified high endemicity of HBV infection, presence of markers of infection even in non-detectable HBsAg levels and circulation of genotype E ayw4 and vaccine mutants in south-western Nigeria. It therefore emphasises the risk of development of an indigenous infected population that may not be protected by the current vaccine.
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Landais, A., G. Dreyfus, E. Capron та ін. "Towards orbital dating of the EPICA Dome C ice core using δO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>". Climate of the Past Discussions 7, № 3 (2011): 2217–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-2217-2011.
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Abstract. Based on a composite of several measurement series performed on ice samples stored at −25 °C or −50 °C, we present and discuss the first δO2/N2 record of trapped air from the EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core covering the period between 300 and 800 ka (thousands of years before present). The samples stored at −25 °C show clear gas loss affecting the precision and mean level of the δO2/N2 record. Two different gas loss corrections are proposed to account for this effect, without altering the spectral properties of the original datasets. Although processes at play remain to be fully understood, previous studies have proposed a link between surface insolation, ice grain properties at close-off and δO2/N2 in air bubbles, from which an orbitally tuned chronologies of the Vostok and Dome Fuji ice core records have been derived over the last four climatic cycles. Here, we show that limitations caused by data quality and resolution, data filtering and uncertainties in the orbital tuning target limit the precision of this tuning method for EDC to at least 2.5 kyrs (thousands of years). Moreover, our extended record includes two periods of low eccentricity. During these intervals (around 400 ka and 750 ka), the matching between δO2/N2 and the different insolation curves is ambiguous because some local insolation maxima cannot be identified in the δO2/N2 record (and vice versa). Recognizing these limitations, we restrict the use of our δO2/N2 record to show that the EDC3 age scale is generally correct within its published uncertainty (6 kyrs) over the 300–800 ka period. We illustrate the uncertainties associated with data quality, filtering and tuning target for periods of low eccentricity by highlighting the difficulty to constrain the duration of Marine Isotopic Stage 11 based on the EDC δO2/N2 information.
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Stulc, J., and B. Stulcova. "Effect of NaCl load administered to the fetus on the bidirectional movement of 51Cr-EDTA across rat placenta." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 270, no. 5 (1996): R984—R989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.5.r984.
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A hypothesis that, in the rat, fluid circulates across the placenta, with circulation being maintained by active transport of Na+ from mother to fetus, has been tested. Transfer of 51Cr-EDTA from mother to fetus and from fetus to mother has been measured and the respective unidirectional transfer constants, Kmf and Kfm, have been calculated. Immediately before the transfer measurement, the fetuses were injected intravenously with 10 microliters of isotonic glucose (controls); with 30 or 300 microliters of isotonic saline; or with 10, 30, or 60 microliters of 9% NaCl. In controls, Kmf of 51Cr-EDTA was 2.0 +/- 0.6 microliters/min, and Kfm was 4.3 +/- 1.0 microliters/min. Injecting the fetus with NaCl had no effect on Kmf, whereas the Kfm was increased significantly in a dose-dependent way. In other experiments, 51Cr-EDTA was injected into nephrectomized maternal animals, and the radioactivity of maternal and fetal plasma was followed for 30 h. The time course of fetal plasma radioactivity supported the thesis that the transfer of 51Cr-EDTA across the rat placenta is highly asymmetrical.
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Zhao, Donglin, Qi Zhang, Han Xuan, et al. "Corrigendum to “EDTA functionalized Fe3O4/graphene oxide for efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solutions [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 506 (2017) 300–307]”." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 564 (March 2020): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.054.
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Moshynets, Olena, Jean-François Bardeau, Oksana Tarasyuk, et al. "Antibiofilm Activity of Polyamide 11 Modified with Thermally Stable Polymeric Biocide Polyhexamethylene Guanidine 2-Naphtalenesulfonate." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2 (2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020348.
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The choice of efficient antimicrobial additives for polyamide resins is very difficult because of their high processing temperatures of up to 300 °C. In this study, a new, thermally stable polymeric biocide, polyhexamethylene guanidine 2-naphtalenesulfonate (PHMG-NS), was synthesised. According to thermogravimetric analysis, PHMG-NS has a thermal degradation point of 357 °C, confirming its potential use in joint melt processing with polyamide resins. Polyamide 11 (PA-11) films containing 5, 7 and 10 wt% of PHMG-NS were prepared by compression molding and subsequently characterised by FTIR spectroscopy. The surface properties were evaluated both by contact angle, and contactless induction. The incorporation of 10 wt% of PHMG-NS into PA-11 films was found to increase the positive surface charge density by almost two orders of magnitude. PA-11/PHMG-NS composites were found to have a thermal decomposition point at about 400 °C. Mechanical testing showed no change of the tensile strength of polyamide films containing PHMG-NS up to 7 wt%. Antibiofilm activity against the opportunistic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was demonstrated for films containing 7 or 10 wt% of PHMG-NS, through a local biocide effect possibly based on an influence on the bacterial eDNA. The biocide hardly leached from the PA-11 matrix into water, at a rate of less than 1% from its total content for 21 days.
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Droege, Gabriele. "GGBN Data Portal, GGBN Data Standard and GGBN Document Library." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 17, 2018): e25282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25282.
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The GGBN Data Standard (https://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/GGBN_Data_Standard) provides a platform based on a documented agreement to promote the efficient sharing and usage of genomic sample material and associated specimen information in a consistent way. It builds upon existing standards commonly used within the community extending them with the capability to exchange data on tissue, environmental and DNA samples as well as sequences. The standard has been recently extended to support environmental DNA and High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) library samples. Both, eDNA and HTS library sample use cases have been published in the GGBN Sandbox (http://sandbox.ggbn.org) and will be presented here. The use case collection is documented in the GGBN wiki (http://wiki.ggbn.org/ggbn/Use_Case_Collection). In addition a general overview of the GGBN Data Portal (http://www.ggbn.org) will be given. Based on ABCD, DwC and the GGBN Data Standard the GGBN Data Portal is the gateway to standardized access of DNA, tissue and environmental samples and their associated specimens. The third core piece of GGBN is the GGBN Document Library (https://library.ggbn.org), today containing more than 300 documents about research, management and legal aspects of biodiversity biobanks. We will provide an overview of covered topics and gaps that the community can help to fill. Finally an outlook of goals and priority tasks for the next two years will be given.
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MCILWAINE, C. "Women in the Latin American development process Bose, Christine E. and Acosta-Bel�n, B. Edna (eds) (1995), Temple University Press (Philadelphia). x + 290 pp. E44.95 hbk, E16.95 pbk." Bulletin of Latin American Research 16, no. 2 (1997): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-3050(97)83644-3.
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Li, Jianqiang, Magnus Karlsson, Peter A. Andrekson, and Kun Xu. "Transmission of 1936 Tb/s (11 × 176 Gb/s) DP-16QAM superchannel signals over 640 km SSMF with EDFA only and 300 GHz WSS channel." Optics Express 20, no. 26 (2012): B223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.00b223.
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Rouillon, Steeve, Houria El Ouazzani, Sylvie Rabouan, Virginie Migeot, and Marion Albouy-Llaty. "Determinants of Risk Perception Related to Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors during Pregnancy: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on French Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (2018): 2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102231.
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Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) are known as environmental exposure factors. However, they are rarely reported by health professionals in clinical practice, particularly during pregnancy, even though they are associated with many deleterious consequences. The objectives of this study were to estimate the risk perception of pregnant women related to EDC exposure and to evaluate its determinants. A qualitative study based on the Health Belief Model was carried out through interviews of pregnant women and focus group with perinatal, environmental health and prevention professionals in 2015 in the city of Poitiers, France. Then, determinants of risk perception were included in a questionnaire administered to 300 women in the perinatal period through a quantitative study. Scores were subsequently calculated. Perception of EDC risk was defined as perceived severity for different stages of the infant’s development and perceived susceptibility to EDC exposure. The determinants reported in the qualitative study were: age, strong maternal figure, socio-professional category, level of knowledge, and involuntariness of exposure. Age and level of knowledge were confirmed in our statistical model as determinants. Mean score of EDC risk perception was 55.0 ± 18.3 on 100 points. Our study should guide healthcare providers when advising pregnant women about EDC and environmental exposure. Our score for perceived EDC risk and assessment of its known determinants may help to assess the impact and the relevance of prevention programs dedicated to reducing exposure to EDC during pregnancy.
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Alves, Thiago Caique, Karina Reinicke Dalke, and Adilson Pinheiro. "Chemical and enzymatic transformations of progesterone in simulation water treatment processes at laboratory scale." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 11, no. 2 (2020): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2020.002.0023.
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The removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) present in waters and effluents has been proposed both by physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods and by the use of enzymes produced by living beings. While some methods prove efficient, it is known that steroid transformation can generate by-products with similar or increased disruptive capacity over the parent compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the removal of the progesterone molecule in oxidizing and enzymatic media and. to verify the formation of by-products. The samples were evaluated under different conditions when submitted to oxidizing media (pH, time, temperature, salinity) and enzyme medium (pH, time, enzymatic concentration). From the analyses, it was verified that the samples submitted to the oxidizing media presented lower average removal (18.7%) than the samples submitted to enzyme laccase (36.7%). Among the samples submitted to the oxidizing media, the positive influence of hydrogen peroxide on the average removal of progesterone (20.8%) was observed. While for the samples submitted to the enzymatic medium progesterone removal favored (43.9%) occurred in buffer solution pH 5 and the most extended incubation period (300 min). The generation of degradation byproducts was observed in the samples submitted to oxidizing media (12 by-products) and in the samples submitted to the enzymatic medium (a by-product). Thus, it is concluded that enzymatic media are more effective than oxidizing means in the removal of progesterone and that the generation of byproducts from progesterone occurs along with the exposure to both media.