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1

Wells Krautkramer. "Eddy current probes." NDT & E International 23, no. 2 (1990): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(90)91091-2.

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2

Wells Krautkramer. "Eddy current probes." NDT International 23, no. 2 (1990): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)91980-8.

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3

Nguyen, Phuc, Van Thuy Nguyen, Binh Duong Vuong, et al. "Study, design and manufacture eddy current probes for industry applications." Nuclear Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (2021): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v6i2.157.

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This study is based on the studying, designing and manufacturing of eddy current probes for industry applications. The main tasks of this study include:
 + Describes the overview and classification of eddy current probes (which can be classified into three categories based on the mode of operation: absolute eddy current probe, differential eddy current probe and reflect eddy current probe).
 + Describes the three methods of probe designing and manufacturing (including experimental, analytical and numerical designs).
 + Describes the designing and manufacturing of eddy current pr
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4

Chen, Guolong, Zheng Cao, and Weimin Zhang. "A Novel Planar Differential Koch Fractal Eddy Current Probe with Parallel Wound Topological Structure." Journal of Sensors 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6671189.

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Flexible planar eddy current probes are widely used to detect conductive components with complex surface. In this study, topological transformation is applied to design a differential Koch coil exciting eddy current probe. Two kinds of Koch exciting coils, Koch A and Koch B , were obtained by topological transformation from a three-dimensional differential exciting eddy current probe. Finite element model simulation is conducted to visualize the differences of eddy current distributions induced by the probes and get the defect signal. A detailed comparison is made among the two kinds of Koch e
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5

Kim, Young Joo, Bong Young Ahn, Ki Bok Kim, and Young Gil Kim. "Multi-Coil Eddy Current Probe for the Detection of Circumferential Cracks in Tubing." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.505.

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Conventional eddy current bobbin probes, multi-pancake and/or rotating pancake probes, and transmit-receive eddy current probes are currently utilized in testing metal tubing. Each method has respective strengths and weaknesses. This paper proposes another eddy current probe with new features. The structure is designed to be sensitive to circumferential cracks, which are not easily detected with ordinary bobbin coil probes. The directions of the magnetic field and the eddy current around the coil were considered in design of the probe structure. Signals of these probes from the artificial defe
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6

Zagidulin, R. V., A. T. Bakiev, and A. R. Baykova. "ON THE ISSUE OF MUTUAL INFLUENCE OF PROBES IN A MULTIPLE-UNIT (MATRIX) SURFACE EDDY CURRENT PROBE." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 323 (May 2025): 4–15. https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2025.05.pp.004-015.

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The distribution of eddy currents induced in metal by a surface multiple-unit eddy current probe (ECP) is investigated. A mathematical formula is derived to calculate the increment in the magnetic moment of the eddy currents within the metal, accounting for the mutual interactions and orientation of the individual eddy current probes within the ECP array. The results indicate that the increment in the magnetic moment of the eddy currents increases monotonically as the spacing between the probes in the ECP array decreases, while the sign of the magnetic moment increment is determined by the pha
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7

Cecco, V. S., and F. L. Sharp. "Probes to overcome eddy current limitations." NDT International 22, no. 3 (1989): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(89)90072-2.

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8

AbdAlla, Ahmed N., Moneer A. Faraj, Fahmi Samsuri, Damhuji Rifai, Kharudin Ali, and Y. Al-Douri. "Challenges in improving the performance of eddy current testing: Review." Measurement and Control 52, no. 1-2 (2018): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294018801382.

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Eddy current testing plays an important role in numerous industries, particularly in material coating, nuclear and oil and gas. However, the eddy current testing technique still needs to focus on the details of probe structure and its application. This paper presents an overview of eddy current testing technique and the probe structure design factors that affect the accuracy of crack detection. The first part focuses on the development of different types of eddy current testing probes and their advantages and disadvantages. A review of previous studies that examined testing samples, eddy curre
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9

Auld, B. A., J. C. Moulder, S. Jefferies, P. J. Shull, S. Ayter, and J. Kenney. "Eddy-Current Reflection Probes: Theory and Experiment." Research in Nondestructive Evaluation 1, no. 1 (1989): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09349848909409462.

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10

Auld, B. A., J. C. Moulder, S. Jeffries, P. J. Shull, and S. Ayter. "Eddy-current reflection probes: theory and experiment." NDT International 23, no. 6 (1990): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)90927-g.

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11

Yang, Fan, Zhaoyang Li, Yuewen Fu, Wenfeng Huang, Chenhuai Tang, and Aisong Cao. "Comparison of different types of focusing probes in pulsed eddy current testing." AIP Advances 12, no. 7 (2022): 075010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090311.

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Pulsed eddy current (PEC) testing has attracted widespread attention because of its unique advantages in detecting local defects in insulated pipes. In this paper, rectangular, U-shaped, and semicircular PEC focusing probes are designed, the magnetic energy utilization efficiency and focusing properties of the developed probes are simulated and compared, and their detection sensitivities are experimentally compared. The magnetic flux through specific surfaces is calculated to find the utilization of magnetic energy by the different probes, and the eddy current dissipation power is used to quan
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12

Mohamad, Ahmad Joraimee, Kharudin Ali, Damhuji Rifai, Zulfikri Salleh, and Ahmad Anwar Zikri Othman. "Eddy Current Testing Methods and Design for Pipeline Inspection System: A Review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2467, no. 1 (2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2467/1/012030.

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Abstract Non-destructive testing and complex systems integration are commonly used in transportation, aircraft, automotive, manufacturing, petrochemical, and defence. Eddy current testing (ECT) is a common non-destructive evaluation technique, especially in the coating, nuclear, and oil and gas industries. However, the eddy current testing method must continue to focus on the probe’s construction and application. It ascribed noisy data to inadequate detection and a severe false alarm problem. Nonetheless, only few academics have elaborated on the intelligent ECT crack detection method. This st
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13

Shkatov, Petr N., Gennady A. Didin, Dmitry E. Subbotin, and Andrey M. Kokurov. "Study of Interaction of Eddy Current Probes and Delamination in Multidirectional CFRP." Materials Science Forum 970 (September 2019): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.970.305.

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This paper describes the physics of the interaction of the eddy current probe and the delamination in multidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFDR). Currently, there is an opinion that eddy current signals obtained due to delamination in multidirectional CFRP are caused by the redistribution of the vertical eddy current arising from the excitation of eddy currents in the sample by a rectangular coil whose surface is orthogonal to the surface of the sample. The analysis performed by us shows that the possibility of creation and deformation of the vertical eddy current is very question
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14

Zagidulin, R. V., A. T. Bakiev, and A. R. Baykova. "THE STUDY OF THE EDDY CURRENT DISTRIBUTION AREA INDUCED BY SURFACE EDDY CURRENT PROBE IN MAIN GAS PIPELINE METAL HOT-DIP GALVANIZING UNITS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 321 (March 2025): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2025.03.pp.021-031.

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The distribution area of eddy currents induced on metallic surfaces by the alternating magnetic field of surface eddy current probes (ECPs) is investigated. Analytical calculations reveal that the effective eddy current distribution excited by surface ECPs forms a circular region, with its radius determined by the core diameter of the surface ECP. Various approaches for estimating the spatial extent of eddy current distribution induced by surface ECPs are examined. The study indicates that more accurate results are achieved by determining the boundary of the eddy current distribution area thro
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15

Wang, Jing, Haicheng Song, Takuma Tomizawa, Noritaka Yusa, and Yuanjin Ling. "Evaluation of detection capability of eddy current probes with stochastic decision threshold for inspecting pits on austenitic stainless steel welding." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 67, no. 1 (2021): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-201602.

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It is still a big challenge to calculate the probability of defect detection for inspecting pits on austenitic stainless steel welding using traditional POD models. Because we determine the decision threshold, the POD curve has a lot of changes as the decision threshold changes, there is no clear reason to insist which threshold is reasonable. This study proposes a new probability of detection (POD) model to quantitatively assess the detection capability of eddy current probes for inspecting pits on austenitic stainless steel welding. The experimental results show that the proposed model is mo
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16

Uchanin, Valentyn. "Detecting and Estimating Local Corrosion Damages in Long-Service Aircraft Structures by the Eddy Current Method with Double-Differential Probes." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2024, no. 2 (2024): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2024-0009.

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ABSTRACT Monitoring corrosion in aircraft structures through nondestructive testing is crucial for maintaining long-term aircraft serviceability. Corrosion monitoring is particularly challenging when corrosion damage is situated on internal surfaces of multilayer aircraft structures. The eddy current method is one of the most promising techniques for detecting and measuring such subsurface corrosion damage without direct contact or disassembly. However, due to their low sensitivity traditional eddy current probes with coaxial coils are not well suited for detecting corrosion damages of the loc
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17

Yin, Wuliang, Mingyang Lu, Liyuan Yin, et al. "Acceleration of eddy current computation for scanning probes." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 60, no. 10 (2018): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2018.60.10.547.

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18

NDT Technology Inc. "Eddy current unit operates up to 12 probes." NDT International 21, no. 3 (1988): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(88)90476-2.

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19

Dulcie, L. L., and T. E. Capobianco. "New standard test method for eddy current probes." NDT International 23, no. 6 (1990): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)90905-4.

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20

NDT Technology Inc. "Eddy current unit operates up to 12 probes." NDT & E International 21, no. 3 (1988): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(88)90288-5.

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21

Gong, Zhi, and Shiyou Yang. "Metamaterial-Core Probes for Nondestructive Eddy Current Testing." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3036658.

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22

Mayos, M., and J. L. Muller. "Geometrically anisotropic probes: an improved eddy current technique." Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 6, no. 2 (1987): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00568889.

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23

Halchenko, V. Ya, R. V. Trembovetskaya, and V. V. Tychkov. "Surface Eddy Current Probes: Excitation Systems of the Optimal Electromagnetic Field (Review)." Devices and Methods of Measurements 11, no. 2 (2020): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-2-91-104.

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Development of technical tools with improved metrological and operational characteristics is the actual problem of the eddy current testing. Ensuring the optimal distribution of the electromagnetic excitation field in the testing zone carries out confident detection of the defects and determination of their geometrical parameters by means of eddy current testing. The purpose of the work was to conduct an analysis of scientific and technical information in the field of eddy current testing to study of the use of electromagnetic excitation fields with a priori specified properties, as well as to
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24

SABBAGH, HAROLD A., JOHN R. BOWLER, and L. DAVID SABBAGH. "A MODEL OF EDDY-CURRENT PROBES WITH FERRITE CORES." Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation 5, no. 1 (1989): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02780898908952955.

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25

Derun, E. N., A. A. Kolyshkin, and R. Vaillancourt. "Signal simulator for the calibration of eddy current probes." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 30, no. 1 (1994): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.272520.

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26

Sabbagh, H. A. "A model of eddy-current probes with ferrite cores." NDT International 22, no. 3 (1989): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(89)90089-8.

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27

Li, R. M., J. J. Zhou, and H. Y. Fang. "Finite element analysis of eddy current feed-through probes." NDT International 22, no. 3 (1989): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(89)90098-9.

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28

Sabbagh, H. A., J. R. Bowler, and L. D. Sabbagh. "A model of eddy-current probes with ferrite cores." NDT International 23, no. 6 (1990): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)90895-u.

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29

Cecco, V. S., and F. L. Sharp. "Transmit-receive eddy current probes for heat excharger inspection." NDT International 23, no. 6 (1990): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)90957-p.

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30

Sabbagh, H. "A model of eddy-current probes with ferrite cores." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, no. 3 (1987): 1888–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065171.

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31

Zhang, Kai, Xing Jian Dai, and Xiao Zhang Zhang. "Designs of Eddy Current Sensor Probes Based on Multilayer Printed Circuit Board Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.801.

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Probe characteristics are important for eddy current displacement sensors. Probes made by multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) are good at maintaining quality consistency and their axial length was short. As design principles for wired probes were not suitable for PCB probes, an analysis and design method for them was developed. In this paper, PCB probe characteristics were first analyzed with 3D eddy current field FEM software. The process was time-consuming. To increase analysis efficiency, a simplified 2D axial symmetry model was used to replace the 3D model. The analysis results were com
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32

Zheng, Xinyu, Jing Huang, and Ningzhao Luo. "Enhanced Nondestructive Testing Using Pulsed Eddy Current and Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Techniques." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156488.

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Owing to the challenging working conditions aboard ships, equipment may develop various defects that traditional nondestructive testing methods cannot fully detect. This study proposes a combined approach using pulsed eddy current and electromagnetic ultrasonic testing for enhanced probe detection. Utilizing COMSOL 6.2 finite-element software, a two-dimensional model of the probe was developed to optimize the probe’s design. Based on these findings, a composite probe was designed and structurally optimized, resulting in improved energy conversion efficiency. An experimental platform was establ
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33

Wu, Meixian, Dongli Zhang, and Chuanglong Wang. "A new eddy current probe with deep penetrating field trajectories for the inspection of deep cracks in metal materials." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 62, no. 7 (2020): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2020.62.7.402.

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The detectability of deep cracks in metal materials is an important performance index of eddy current probes. However, because of the limitations of the skin effect of eddy currents, it is difficult to obtain deep crack information in materials using an ordinary probe. This paper proposes a new probe with deep penetrating field trajectories for the inspection of deep cracks. To optimise its performance, contributions of the coil radius, the pick-up position and the excitation frequency to penetration depth of eddy currents are studied. The results show that the capability of the new probe in t
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34

Xia, Zihan, Ruochen Huang, Ziqi Chen, et al. "Eddy Current Measurement for Planar Structures." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228695.

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Eddy current (EC) testing has become one of the most common techniques for measuring metallic planar structures in various industrial scenarios such as infrastructures, automotive, manufacturing, and chemical engineering. There has been significant progress in measuring the geometry, electromagnetic properties, and defects of metallic planar structures based on electromagnetic principles. In this review, we summarize recent developments in EC computational models, systems, algorithms, and measurement approaches for planar structures. First, the computational models including analytical models,
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35

Semenov, A. V. "ENCIRCLING EDDY CURRENT TESTING PROBES FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CLOSED LINEARLY EXTENDED OBJECTS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 292 (October 2022): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.10.pp.004-011.

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In this article, using the example of multi-strand rope inspection, encircling eddy current testing (ECT) probes for non-destructive testing of closed linearly extended objects, for example, stay cables, ropeways or pipelines, are considered. These ECT probes can be divided into parts in the azimuthal direction, which increases the technological effectiveness of the control. The possibility of dividing the ECT probes into parts is provided by using of saddle-shaped measuring coils, saddle-shaped excitation coils or excitation coils of different radii. In addition, the considered ECT probes all
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36

REPELIANTO, Ageng S., Naoya KASAI, and Kouichi SEKINO. "Investigation of the flaw detectability of Uniform Eddy Current Probes." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2019 (2019): J40131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2019.j40131.

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37

Dmitriev, S. F., A. V. Ishkov, V. N. Malikov, and A. O. Katasonov. "Investigation of aluminum alloys by using subminiature eddy current probes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 510 (April 24, 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/510/1/012009.

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38

HALCHENKO, Volodymyr. "Nonlinear surrogate synthesis of the surface circular eddy current probes." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 9 (2019): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2019.09.15.

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39

Bowler, J. R., H. A. Sabbagh, and L. D. Sabbagh. "The reduced impedance function for cup-core eddy-current probes." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 25, no. 3 (1989): 2646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.24504.

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40

Theodoulidis, Theodoros P. "Model of ferrite-cored probes for eddy current nondestructive evaluation." Journal of Applied Physics 93, no. 5 (2003): 3071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1543634.

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41

Bowler, J. R., H. A. Sabbagh, and L. D. Sabbagh. "The reduced impedance function for cup-core eddy-current probes." NDT International 23, no. 6 (1990): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)90931-d.

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42

May, Philip, Erping Zhou, and Danny Morton. "Numerical modelling and implementation of ferrite cored eddy current probes." NDT & E International 40, no. 8 (2007): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2007.06.003.

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43

Morozov, Maxim, and Pavel Novotný. "Evaluation of eddy current probes based on local field excitation." NDT & E International 35, no. 3 (2002): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-8695(01)00028-7.

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44

Bagaev, A. A., A. V. Ishkov, and V. N. Malikov. "Research of layered composites by using subminiature eddy-current probes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 483 (March 20, 2019): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/483/1/012049.

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45

Uchanin, V. M. "Invariant efficiency parameter of eddy-current probes for nondestructive testing." Materials Science 48, no. 3 (2012): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-012-9520-z.

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46

Cascante, Giovanni, John Vanderkooy, and Wilson Chung. "A new mathematical model for resonant-column measurements including eddy-current effects." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 1 (2005): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-073.

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Wave velocity and attenuation are commonly studied in the laboratory with the resonant-column device (American Society for Testing and Materials standard), which is driven by a set of coils and magnets. This paper presents a new and robust mathematical model of the electromechanical resonant-column system. The model is used to compute various transfer functions. Eddy currents, a new source of damping identified in the resonant-column device, introduce damping proportional to the velocity of the magnets. Eddy-current damping is considered in the mathematical model. A testing program is devised
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47

Shkatov, P. N., G. A. Didin, and A. A. Ermolaev. "INCREASING SENSITIVITY OF EDDY CURRENT NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF DELAMINATION IN CARBON-FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 274 (April 2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2021.04.pp.028-037.

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The paper is concerned with increasing sensitivity of eddy current nondestructive testing of most dangerous delamination in carbon-fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). Increased sensitivity is achieved by separate registration and comparison of eddy current signals obtained from a set of stratifications of carbon fibers with the same orientation. The separation of eddy current signals is possible due to pronounced anisotropy of the electrical conductivity of the layers dominant in the direction of the fibers of the corresponding layer. Eddy-current signals are registered by eddy current probes wi
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48

Uchanin, V. M. "Limiting possibilities of detecting cracks in ferromagnetic structures through an anti-corrosion coating using a smartphone based eddy current flaw detector." Information extraction and processing 2024, no. 52 (2024): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vidbir2024.52.005.

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Detection of cracks in ferromagnetic steel structures by the eddy current method is often limited by additional noise associated with magnetic and structural heterogeneity, especially when it is necessary to detect structural cracks through a layer of dielectric anti-corrosion coating. A promissing approach to problem solution is based on the use of selective eddy current probes, which include the eddy current probes of double differential type. One of the features of such eddy current is the possibility of detecting hidden defects even through a layer of dielectric anti-corrosion coating. In
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49

Xu, Chuandi, Wanze Li, and Fei Lv. "Study on the Relationship Between Thickness Measurement and Strength Defect of Buried Pipeline." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2428, no. 1 (2023): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2428/1/012033.

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Abstract Based on the principle of electromagnetic eddy current testing, aiming at the problems of heavy workload and difficult location of defects in the periodic inspection of buried pipelines, the eddy current distribution of pipelines, probes, and defects is modeled and simulated by using ANSYS EM simulation software, the correlation model between pipeline parameters, excitation signals, and received signals is established, and the quantitative relationship between pipeline wall thickness parameters and eddy current distribution is clarified. Based on the accuracy and engineering applicati
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50

Uchanin, Valentyn. "Eddy Current Techniques for Detecting Hidden Subsurface Defects in Multilayer Aircraft Structures." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2022, no. 2 (2022): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2022-0011.

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Abstract In-service non-destructive inspection (NDI) is a very important part of the aircraft maintenance program that minimizes aircraft breakdowns due to the fracture of critical components. The eddy current (EC) NDI method is one of the most applicable methods for this purpose, due to its high sensitivity to fatigue cracks and corrosion damage in the main structural materials. In this paper, selective double differential type EC probes characterized by the enhanced possibility of detecting subsurface cracks initiated by fatigue or stress corrosion phenomena are presented. For different appl
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