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Journal articles on the topic 'Eddy currents testing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Penman, J. "Eddy currents and nondestructive testing." IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education) 137, no. 3 (May 1990): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-2.1990.0018.

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2

Otterbach, Jan Marc, Reinhard Schmidt, Hartmut Brauer, Marek Ziolkowski, and Hannes Töpfer. "Comparison of defect detection limits in Lorentz force eddy current testing and classical eddy current testing." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-453-2018.

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Abstract. Lorentz force eddy current testing (LET) is a motion-induced eddy current testing method in the framework of nondestructive testing. In this study, we address the question of how this method is classified in comparison with a commercial eddy current testing (ECT) measurement device ELOTEST N300 in combination with the probe PKA48 from Rohmann GmbH. Therefore, measurements using both methods are performed and evaluated. Based on the measurement results, the corresponding defect detection limits, i.e., up to which depth the defect can be detected, are determined and discussed. For that reason, the excitation frequency spectrum of the induced eddy currents in the case of LET is considered.

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3

Gros, X. E. "Technical Note: Detection of delamination in tyres using eddy currents." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526236.

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Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a useful tool to assess the structural integrity of components in order to maintain quality and safety standards. A low-cost electromagnetic technique based on eddy currents induced into a material appeared promising for the inspection of composite materials. Experiments were carried out in order to assess the potential of eddy currents in detecting delamination in rubber tyres. Infrared thermography was used to verify inspection results achieved with eddy currents. Non-destructive examination results are presented in this paper; these confirm that eddy current testing is an economically viable alternative for the inspection of steel reinforced truck tyres.

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4

BLITZ, J., S. R. OATEN, and N. T. HAJIAN. "THE TESTING OF FERROMAGNETIC METALS WITH EDDY-CURRENTS." Nondestructive Testing Communications 2, no. 5-6 (September 1986): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10589758608952927.

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5

Larionov, Vitalii V., Andrey M. Lider, and Yurii S. Bordulev. "Eddy Current Method for Testing of Metals under Simultaneous Exposure to Radiation and Hydrogenation." Advanced Materials Research 1084 (January 2015): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1084.16.

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The study demonstrated that implementation of eddy currents of different frequencies enables identification of altered phase composition, diffusion properties and metal hydrogenation extent. Using the newly developed parameters of eddy current method sensitivity, we have established that the change of a metal structure from one layer to another is identified by the currents of different frequency according to the depth of their penetration into a metal.

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Abrantes, Ruben F., Luis S. Rosado, Moisés Piedade, and Pedro M. Ramos. "Pulsed eddy currents testing using a planar matrix probe." Measurement 77 (January 2016): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.09.026.

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7

Mercklé, J., D. Sauter, J. Ragot, J. B. Lajournade, and J. M. Watrinet. "Intelligent sensing for non-destructive testing using eddy currents." NDT International 23, no. 6 (December 1990): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)90859-m.

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8

Verite, J. C. "Numerical modelling in non-destructive testing by eddy-currents." NDT International 23, no. 6 (December 1990): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)90924-d.

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9

Mercklé, J. "Intelligent sensing for non-destructive testing using eddy currents." NDT & E International 23, no. 6 (December 1990): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(90)90156-d.

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10

Aoukili, Abdeslam, and Abdellatif Khamlichi. "Damage detection of cracks in carbon fibre reinforced composites by pulsed eddy-current testing." MATEC Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 00003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819100003.

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Non-destructive evaluation techniques that are based on electromagnetic methods are commonly used for inspection of metallic and carbon fibre reinforced plastics parts. Some of these inspection methods are based on eddycurrents which are generated by the electromagnetic induction phenomenon occurring under variable magnetic induction field. In eddy-currents testing, the depth of penetration into the material is controlled by the conductivity of the tested material and also the work frequency. Transient eddy-currents, also called pulsed eddy-currents, is an emerging non destructive technique that employs a pulsed excitation to induce a transient electromagnetic response from defects lying deep within a conducting structure. Such defects are difficult to inspect by conventional techniques, such as harmonic eddy-currents or ultrasonics. A large number of recent scientific publications have dealt with the theoretical understanding of the pulsed eddy-currents phenomenon and have also undertaken the design feature of appropriate probes. Finite element solution of the governing equations has been used to simulate the output signals as function of the input electrical excitation signal. Considering a B-scan strategy, simulation of a pulsed eddy-currents based probe is performed in this work with the objective to assess detectability of small defects through monitoring impedance changes of a detection probe.

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11

Chabane, Kahina, Salaheddine Harzallah, and Mohamed Chabaat. "3D Eddy Current Testing by FEM for Detection of Crack’s in Materials." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.349.

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In this paper, we present a nondestructive Testing by sensor Eddy current is used as a tool to control cracks and micro-cracks in materials. A new method for computing by measuring and testing related 3D Eddy currents is considered. In the process, a Potential Magnetic Vector is provided on the basis of formulations taken from the theoretical set up. Thus, results of relevant applications are obtained to check the theory consistency. A simulation by a numerical approach using Finite element discretization of 3-D Eddy Current governing equations is employed to detect cracks and damaged zones in materials and eventually to study their propagation.

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12

Aguiam, Diogo E., Luis S. Rosado, Pedro M. Ramos, and Moisés Piedade. "Heterodyning based portable instrument for eddy currents non-destructive testing." Measurement 73 (September 2015): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.05.019.

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13

Mercier, D., J. Lesage, X. Decoopman, and D. Chicot. "Eddy currents and hardness testing for evaluation of steel decarburizing." NDT & E International 39, no. 8 (December 2006): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.04.005.

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14

MEHADDENE, Hamid. "Eddy Currents Non Destructive Testing and Evaluation of Ferromagnetic Medium." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2019.02.26.

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15

Patel, U., and D. Rodger. "Finite element modelling of pulsed eddy currents for nondestructive testing." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 32, no. 3 (May 1996): 1593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.497557.

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16

Brauer, Hartmut, and Marek Ziolkowski. "Eddy current testing of metallic sheets with defects using force measurements." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 5, no. 1 (2008): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0801011b.

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The problem of determining defects in structures using eddy current methods was investigated. The goal of this work is to demonstrate that the forces generated by the eddy currents and acting back on the magnet system can be used to detect defects in the object. Numerical simulations and experimental investigations have been performed. This novel technique has been found to be sensitive enough to detect even deep defects in an Aluminium bar moving relative to the field-generating magnet system.

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17

Feng, Bo, Artur Ribeiro, Tiago Rocha, and Helena Ramos. "Comparison of Inspecting Non-Ferromagnetic and Ferromagnetic Metals Using Velocity Induced Eddy Current Probe." Sensors 18, no. 10 (September 21, 2018): 3199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103199.

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A velocity induced eddy current probe has been used to detect cracks in both non-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic metals. The simulation and experimental results show that this probe can successfully detect cracks in both cases, but further investigation shows that the underlying principles for inspecting non-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic metals are actually different. For an aluminum plate, the induced eddy current density and the signal amplitude both increase with probe speed, which means the signal is caused by velocity induced eddy currents. For a steel plate, probe speed changes the baselines of the testing signals; however, it has little influence on signal amplitudes. Simulation results show that the signal for cracks in a steel plate is mainly caused by direct magnetic field perturbation rather than velocity induced eddy currents.

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18

Cascante, Giovanni, John Vanderkooy, and Wilson Chung. "A new mathematical model for resonant-column measurements including eddy-current effects." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-073.

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Wave velocity and attenuation are commonly studied in the laboratory with the resonant-column device (American Society for Testing and Materials standard), which is driven by a set of coils and magnets. This paper presents a new and robust mathematical model of the electromechanical resonant-column system. The model is used to compute various transfer functions. Eddy currents, a new source of damping identified in the resonant-column device, introduce damping proportional to the velocity of the magnets. Eddy-current damping is considered in the mathematical model. A testing program is devised to calibrate the resonant column with three aluminum probes. Experimental and theoretical results show an excellent agreement (4% maximum error). Exploratory results are presented for a dry-sand specimen. A resonant-column device is modified to demonstrate the significant effect of the induced voltage (electromotive force (EMF)) on damping ratio if tests are not based on current measurements. Free-vibration tests on aluminum specimens and a dry-sand specimen show a significant effect of the induced EMF (up to 400% increase in damping for the sand specimen). The induced voltage depends on the resonant frequency and damping of the specimen. In the case of aluminum probes, eddy-current damping represents 20150 times the material damping of the specimen. Preliminary results on dry sand show that eddy-current damping represents up to a 15% increase in damping ratio. However, the magnitude of eddy-current damping depends on the configuration and materials used in the resonant-column device. The smaller the damping ratio of the specimen is, the more important the eddy-current damping becomes.Key words: damping, eddy currents, mechanical waves, resonant-column device, shear modulus, wave velocity.

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19

Rosado, Luis S., Filipe A. Cardoso, Susana Cardoso, Pedro M. Ramos, Paulo P. Freitas, and Moisés Piedade. "Eddy currents testing probe with magneto-resistive sensors and differential measurement." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 212 (June 2014): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2014.03.021.

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20

Rasolonjanahary, J. L., F. Thollon, N. Burais, and X. Brunotte. "Study of eddy currents non destructive testing system in riveted assemblies." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 32, no. 3 (May 1996): 1585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.497555.

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21

Cheng, Jun, Hongli Ji, Jinhao Qiu, Toshiyuki Takagi, Tetsuya Uchimoto, and Ning Hu. "Novel electromagnetic modeling approach of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminate for calculation of eddy currents and eddy current testing signals." Journal of Composite Materials 49, no. 5 (February 6, 2014): 617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998314521475.

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22

Cheng, Jun, Cheng Yu, Shuai Xu, Jinhao Qiu, Toshiyuki Takagi, and Dezhang Xu. "Measurement of directionality in carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite with eddy current testing." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 1207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209438.

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In carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite, the alignment of continuous carbon fibers guides the directional flow of eddy currents, which is beneficial to the structural and damage detection. In this study, for the purpose of impact damage repair, the transmitter-receiver (T-R) and the flat-tangent eddy current probes are used to determine the fiber orientations and stacking sequence in the CFRP laminate by surface scanning. Theoretical analysis shows that the T-R probe can flexibly pick up the magnetic field generated by the stretched eddy current in CFRP layers. In the meanwhile, the flat-tangent probe possesses layer selective characteristics. By calculating the fiber distribution images of individual directions based on two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) and comparing the order of pixel intensity values of these images, the fiber orientation and the stacking sequence in the laminate plates can be obtained simultaneously, which provides guidance for damage detection and repair of the CFRP structures.

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23

Uhlmann, Hermann, and Olaf Michelsson. "A fast forward solution with a boundary element method for eddy current nondestructive testing." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 15, no. 2 (2002): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0202205u.

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Eddy current non-destructive testing is used to determine position and size of cracks or other defects in conducting materials. The presence of a crack normal to the excited eddy currents distorts the magnetic field; so for the identification of defects a very accurate and fast 3D-computation of the magnetic field is necessary. A computation scheme for 3D quasistatic electromagnetic fields by means of the Boundary Element Method is presented. Although the use of constant field approximations on boundary elements is the easiest way, it often provides an insufficient accuracy. This can be overcome by higher order approximation schemes. The numerical results are compared against some analytically solvable arrangements.

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24

Thollon, F., and N. Burais. "Geometrical optimization of sensors for eddy currents. Non destructive testing and evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 31, no. 3 (May 1995): 2026–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.376441.

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25

Halchenko, V. Ya, R. V. Trembovetskaya, and V. V. Tychkov. "Surface Eddy Current Probes: Excitation Systems of the Optimal Electromagnetic Field (Review)." Devices and Methods of Measurements 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-2-91-104.

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Development of technical tools with improved metrological and operational characteristics is the actual problem of the eddy current testing. Ensuring the optimal distribution of the electromagnetic excitation field in the testing zone carries out confident detection of the defects and determination of their geometrical parameters by means of eddy current testing. The purpose of the work was to conduct an analysis of scientific and technical information in the field of eddy current testing to study of the use of electromagnetic excitation fields with a priori specified properties, as well as to generalize and systematize the accumulated experience and approaches to conduct theoretical research in this direction.A review of publications in the field of non-destructive electromagnetic testing devoted to the improvement of the excitation systems of eddy current flaw probes was carried out. The authors considered approaches in which a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field on the control object surface was achieved by linear and non-linear optimal synthesis of excitation systems, provided the immobility of the probe relative to the testing object. Analysis of eddy current probe designs with a homogeneous excitation field created by circular, rectangular tangential and normal coils, as well as by creating a rotational excitation field was carried out. The authors studied designs of the excitation coils of probes with fields of complex configuration characterized by the original fractal geometry which can increase the probability of identifying defects that were not amenable to detection by classical probes.Studies that suggested the formation of optimal configuration fields in a given area using magnetic cores, field concentrators made of conductive materials and specially shaped screens were analyzed. The authors studied approaches to the implementation of the optimal synthesis of excitation systems of probes with uniform sensitivity in the testing zone using surrogate optimization for cases of moving testing objects taking into account the speed effect.The experience, as well as the results of theoretical studies devoted to the problem of designing eddy current probes with uniform sensitivity in the testing zone due to the uniform density distribution of the induced currents flowing in the object were generalized and systematized. As a result, the classification of probes on a number of features that characterize the excitation systems was proposed.

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26

Kikuchihara, Hiroki, Illiana Marinova, Yoshifuru Saito, Manabu Ohuchi, Hideo Mogi, and Yoshiro Oikawa. "Development of a New High Sensitive Eddy Current Sensor." Materials Science Forum 792 (August 2014): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.792.98.

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Eddy current testing (ECT) is one of the most representative nondestructive testing methods for metallic materials, parts, structures and so on. Operating principle of ECT is based on two major properties of the magnetic field. One is that alternating magnetic field induces eddy current in conducting materials. Thereby, an input impedance of the magnetic field source, i.e., electric source, depends on the eddy current path. Second is that the magnetic field distribution depends not only on the exciting but also on the reactive magnetic fields caused by the eddy currents in targets. Former and latter are the impedance sensing and magnetic flux sensing types, respectively.This paper concerns with an optimization of a new magnetic flux sensing type sensor named coil. Exciting and sensing coils are composed of shape coil and a finite length solenoid coil wound on ferrite bar, respectively. Development of this coil fully depends on the 2D and 3D finite elements method modeling. According to the simulation results, we have worked out two types of coils. Practical experiments reflect the validity of both simulation and design aims, quite well. Thus, we have succeeded in developing coil having a higher sensibility compared with that of conventional one.

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27

Rosado, Luis S., João C. Gonzalez, Telmo G. Santos, Pedro M. Ramos, and Moisés Piedade. "Geometric optimization of a differential planar eddy currents probe for non-destructive testing." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 197 (August 2013): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2013.04.010.

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28

Rosado, Luis S., Pedro M. Ramos, and Moises Piedade. "Real-Time Processing of Multifrequency Eddy Currents Testing Signals: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 63, no. 5 (May 2014): 1262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2283633.

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29

Harzallah, Salaheddine, Mohamed Chabaat, and Sekoura Benissad. "Formulation for Stress Intensity Factors and J-Integral Calculation by Eddy Current Testing." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.225.

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In this paper, we present a method for computing the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) and J-Integral, by measuring and testing related Eddy currents. In the process, we provide a magnetic vector based formulations for the theoretical set up. Furthermore, we provide relevant applications having theory consistent results.

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30

Chelabi, M., T. Hacib, Z. Belli, M. R. Mekideche, and Y. Le Bihan. "The combination of adaptive database SDM and multi-output SVM for eddy current testing." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 6 (November 2, 2015): 1731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2014-0348.

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Purpose – Eddy current testing (ECT) is a nondestructive testing method for the detection of flaws that uses electromagnetic induction to find defects in conductive materials. In this method, eddy currents are generated in a conductive material by a changing magnetic field. A defect is detected when there is a disruption in the flow of the eddy current. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new noniterative inversion methodology for detecting degradation (defect characterization) such as cracking, corrosion and erosion from the measurement of the impedance variations. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on multi-output support vector machines (SVM) combined with the adaptive database schema design method (SDM). The forward problem was solved numerically using finite element method (FEM), with its accuracy experimentally verified. The multi-output SVM is a statistical learning method that has good generalization capability and learning performance. FEM is used to create the adaptive database required to train the multi-output SVM and the genetic algorithm is used to tune the parameters of multi-output SVM model. Findings – The results show the applicability of multi-output SVM to solve eddy current inverse problems instead of using traditional iterative inversion methods which can be very time-consuming. With the experimental results the authors demonstrate the accuracy which can be provided by the multi-output SVM technique. Practical implications – The work allows extending the capability of the experimentation ECT defect characterization system developed at LGEP. Originality/value – A new inversion method is developed and applied to ECT defect characterization. This new concept introduces multi-output SVM in the context of ECT. The real data together with estimated one obtained by multi-output SVM model are compared in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed technique.

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31

Huang, Gang, Lu Ming Li, Yi Ping Cao, and Xing Chen. "A New Type of Instrument with Its Special Excited Input-Signal in Inspecting Residual Stress." Materials Science Forum 490-491 (July 2005): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.490-491.177.

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The issue of nondestructive testing in aeronautical structures is of considerable importance in the aviation industry today. And a high sensitivity magnetic field sensor, which has recently been developed is designed for non-destructive stress testing. It is based on idea of the magnetic field produced by pulsed currents and perturbed by the presence of stress. The sensor can be effectively utilized for the detection of defects and stress concentration in conducting materials using eddy current testing measurements. The principle of the measuring technique is based on the unbalance of the magnetic field where the stress or cracks exist. Also, the excited input-signal is special designed. A pulsed current was inputted and changed into a self-attenuation signal which does the effect in the probe.

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32

Kondej, Adam, and Tadeusz Samborski. "Non-destructive testing by the eddy current method of half-shafts after induction hardening." Inżynieria Powierzchni 25, no. 3-4 (February 17, 2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7000.

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The non-destructive testing method with applying eddy currents carried out on drive half-shafts used in the car drive systems was described. The aim of the testing was to establish if the tested shafts were inductively hardened. At the Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Precision Mechanics, the control and measurement system was designed and built to detect efficiently the martensite structure and therefore to make possible quick control of any elements. The system has been implemented at the Neapco Europe, the manufacturer of drive-shafts for the automobile industry, in Praszka, Poland.

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33

Cardoso, Filipe A., Luis S. Rosado, Fernando Franco, Ricardo Ferreira, Elvira Paz, Susana F. Cardoso, Pedro M. Ramos, Moises Piedade, and Paulo J. P. Freitas. "Improved Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Design for the Detection of Superficial Defects by Eddy Currents Testing." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 50, no. 11 (November 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2326959.

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34

Harzallah, Salaheddine, and Mohamed Chabaat. "3D-FEM computation and experimental study of eddy currents for characterization of surface cracks." International Journal of Structural Integrity 8, no. 5 (October 2, 2017): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-02-2017-0013.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for computing by measuring and testing related 3D Eddy currents. In the process, a magnetic vector is formulated from the theoretical setup and obtained results from relevant applications are checked for the consistency of the theory. Besides, cracks detection as well as its propagation is studied through the two parameters: SIF and J-integral. A simulation by a numerical approach using finite-element discretization of 3D governing equations is employed to detect damaged zones and cracks. This approach has been used in the aircraft industry to control cracks. Besides, it makes it possible to highlight the defects of parts while preserving the integrity of the controlled products. Obtained results are compared and agreed with those of other researchers. Design/methodology/approach Finite-element discretization of 3D for solving problem in eddy current testing is presented in this paper. The main idea is the introduction of categorization for the shape reconstruction using the non-destructive testing by 3D-EC. The results are presented for a simple eddy current problem using the finite-element method as an experimental support. Findings In this research work, results of the various cases of simulation have been obtained. From these results of various boxes of simulation, one can conclude that the calculation of the impedance in only one point is not enough to confirm the presence or the absence of a defect for materials. Then, this confirmation leads us to the calculation of the impedance along the plate. The detection of an external defect requires the energy of the sensor by high frequencies .The position of defect (internal, in the middle, external) has a large effect on the impedance. The use of this sensor type in industrial application is frequent because of its precision (minimal error) and its low costs. The major disadvantage of this type of sensor lies in the fact that it is unable to detect a defect. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to detect cracks in materials and eventually to study their propagation.

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35

Malikov, Vladimir N., Alexey Ishkov, and Leonid Nikonov. "Application of an Ultra-Compact Eddy-Current Transducer for Investigation of Defects in Welded Joints of High-Strength Steel." Materials Science Forum 1037 (July 6, 2021): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.400.

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This article discusses the results of work on the creation of a flaw detection unit, which is focused on the study of high-strength steels. Welded joints of transformer tanks, which are made of steel grade 08G2B, were selected as the object of research. We chose this grade because of the ultra-low carbon content of this material. This opens up opportunities for the application of eddy current nondestructive testing methods. For practical measurements, a scanning device was designed and optimized. It includes a converter that uses the principles of eddy currents and includes three coils assembled on a ferrite core, grade 80NMZ. The device was tested on samples with model continuity defects (cracks and holes). Also, within the framework of the publication, modeling of corrosion defects in welded joints was carried out.

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36

Chang, Fon-Chieh, and John R. Hull. "Computer Modeling of Electromagnetic Fields and Fluid Flows for Edge Containment in Continuous Casting." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 4 (December 17, 2004): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2039101.

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A computer model was developed to predict eddy currents and fluid flows in molten steel. The model was verified by comparing predictions with experimental results of liquid-metal containment and fluid flow in electromagnetic (EM) edge dams (EMDs) designed at Inland Steel (Ispat Industries Ltd.) for twin-roll casting. This mathematical model can greatly shorten casting research on the use of EM fields for liquid metal containment and control. It can also optimize the existing casting processes and minimize expensive, time-consuming full-scale testing. The model was verified by comparing predictions with experimental results of liquid metal containment and fluid flow in EM edge dams designed at Inland Steel (Ispat Industries Ltd.) for twin-roll casting. Numerical simulation was performed by coupling a three-dimensional (3D) finite-element EM code (ELEKTRA) and a 3D finite-difference fluids code (CaPS-EM) to solve Maxwell’s equations, Ohm’s law, Navier-Stokes equations, and transport equations of turbulence flow in a casting process that uses EM fields. ELEKTRA is able to predict the eddy-current distribution and EM forces in complex geometry. CaPS-EM is capable of modeling fluid flows with free surfaces and dynamic rollers. The computed 3D magnetic fields and induced eddy currents in ELEKTRA are used as input to flow-field computations in CaPS-EM. Results of the numerical simulation compared well with measurements obtained from both static and dynamic tests.

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37

Ornatsky, D. P., O. O. Krivokulska, O. O. Burbela, and O. D. Bliznyuk. "Measuring System for Non-Destructive Testing of Metal Rods." Metrology and instruments, no. 2 (May 21, 2020): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.22-24.

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The control parameters of metal products using the eddy current method of nondestructive testing based on electromagnetic induction law is now widespread. Due to the high sensitivity over a wide frequency range of the ability to control the mechanical properties , uniformity of material, both magnetic and non-magnetic materials, beskonechnosti, high reliability, automation, process control, etc. The object of study is the process of interaction of external electromagnetic fields with defects in heterogeneity of structure in metal rod, causing a deformation of microtubuli currents and, accordingly, their influence on the inductance coil of the sensor. So, according to the law of electromagnetic induction eddy currents induced by an external electromagnetic field will be asking a private field that will oppose the external field that will lead to a change in inductance of the sensor coil. Therefore, the most informative parameter in this case is the relative change in inductance of the sensor. In the known designs use differential transformer sensors, transmission type, which differ in complexity of implementation, but have high sensitivity. In existing works not enough attention on improving of the metrological characteristics . Modern means of microstraava flaw detectors in the overwhelming number are for scientific research, but little attention is paid to tools that can be used in industrial processes, through a complex measurement process in the existing funds and the large volume of the software during automatic processing of information. In the presented work there is a system for nondestructive testing of metal bars with deprivation of the above-mentioned disadvantages, which would provide high metrological characteristics in a wide frequency range, separate measurement of impedance components of the sensor, which allows the reduction of methodological errors of determination of the main characteristics of the output signal of microstraava sensors. The scientific result is created sambalanco pavement system based on electronic dharamtala model of a vortex sensor with high metrological characteristics, which allows you to create real-time signal proportional to the amount of damage that will give you the opportunity to increase productivity in the quality control bar of metal products in a production environment.

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Sattarov, R. R., T. A. Volkova, and I. Z. Gubaydullin. "Electromagnetic Effect of Eddy Currents in Composites with Conductive Components: Magnetic Field Strengthening and its Simple Analytical Estimation." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.37.

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Composites and dynamic materials that include conductive components are becoming a suitable choice in different applications. The eddy currents are generated when the conductive components are placed in alternating magnetic field. The eddy currents decrease the primary field and this effect has been well studied and it is used for electromagnetic shielding. Besides, the magnetic field increases in small space near edges of the conductive components. While this effect of magnetic field strengthening is known, it is rarely examined. We will introduce a simple model that can be appropriate for the conductive components in form of long thin sheets. We analytically analyze the model and obtain expressions that give upper bounds for increasing of the net magnetic field. The electromagnetic effect of strengthening should be taken into account when considering an application of the composites. The results are useful for electromagnetic compatibility analysis, non-destructive testing and monitoring of composite and dynamic materials with conductive components.

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Feng, Bo, Yihua Kang, Yanhua Sun, and Zhiyang Deng. "Magnetization Time Lag Caused by Eddy Currents and Its Influence on High-Speed Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing." Research in Nondestructive Evaluation 30, no. 4 (April 16, 2018): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2018.1459988.

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Jesenik, Marko, Anton Hamler, Miloš Beković, and Mladen Trlep. "Finding a crack's position and its parameters on the basis of non-destructive testing, using eddy currents." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 33, no. 6 (October 28, 2014): 1978–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2013-0370.

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JESENIK, Marko. "Determination of a crack's size on the basis of the nondestructive testing with eddy currents using metaheuristics." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 5 (May 5, 2019): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2019.05.07.

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Khebbab, Mohamed, Mouloud Feliachi, and Mohamed El Hadi Latreche. "Application of finite elements heterogeneous multi-scale method to eddy currents non destructive testing of carbon composites material." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 81, no. 1 (January 2018): 10401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2017170034.

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In this present paper, a simulation of eddy current non-destructive testing (EC NDT) on unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer is performed; for this magneto-dynamic formulation in term of magnetic vector potential is solved using finite element heterogeneous multi-scale method (FE HMM). FE HMM has as goal to compute the homogenized solution without calculating the homogenized tensor explicitly, the solution is based only on the physical characteristic known in micro domain. This feature is well adapted to EC NDT to evaluate defect in carbon composite material in microscopic scale, where the defect detection is performed by coil impedance measurement; the measurement value is intimately linked to material characteristic in microscopic level. Based on this, our model can handle different defects such as: cracks, inclusion, internal electrical conductivity changes, heterogeneities, etc. The simulation results were compared with the solution obtained with homogenized material using mixture law, a good agreement was found.

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Gaillard, P., P. Simard, and N. Colin. "Detection and investigation of defects in nondestructive testing by use of Foucault (eddy) currents (In French: English Abstract)." NDT International 23, no. 6 (December 1990): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)90908-7.

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Zhang, Siquan, and Nathan Ida. "Calculation model for the induced voltage in rectangular coils above conductive plates." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 1 (2017): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1701027z.

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Electromagnetic NDT methods and in particular eddy currents play an important role in nondestructive testing of conducting materials. In testing conductive structures, rectangular coils are often more useful than circular coils. A particular configuration consists of two rectangular coils located above the conductive plates, one placed parallel to the plates serving as an excitation coil and the other perpendicular to the plates serving as a sensing coil. In this work we derive analytical expressions for the induced voltage variations in the pick-up coil. Then the influences of the plate thickness, the exciting frequency and the moving speed of the conductor on the induced voltage variation are analyzed. The analytical calculation results are verified using the finite element method.

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Radtke, U., R. Zielke, H. G. Rademacher, H. A. Crostack, and R. Hergt. "Application of magneto-optical method for real-time visualization of eddy currents with high spatial resolution for nondestructive testing." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 36, no. 3 (September 2001): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-8166(01)00052-5.

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Xu, Hang, Donglin Li, Tao Chen, and Xiaochun Song. "Simultaneous measurement of thickness and lift-off using the tangential component of magnetic flux density in pulsed eddy current testing." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 63, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2021.63.6.341.

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The pulsed eddy current (PEC) technique is commonly used in the petrochemical and power generation industries to measure two parameters: the degree of pipe wall corrosion and the thickness of the insulation shield. These two parameters can be evaluated by examining the thickness of conductive materials and the lift-off distance, respectively. To explore a possible technique for simultaneously measuring the thickness and the lift-off, the present study envisaged the development of a PEC testing method based on detecting the tangential component of the magnetic flux density. The tangential component of the magnetic flux density was excited by two racetrack-type coils injecting currents in opposite directions that were picked up by a magnetic sensor. The slope in logarithmic scale and the time-to-peak of the magnetic signal were verified to characterise the features of the thickness and the lift-off, respectively. By analysing the simulation and experimental results, the feasibility of simultaneously measuring the thickness and the lift-off was demonstrated.

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Kiss, Andrew E., Andrew McC Hogg, Nicholas Hannah, Fabio Boeira Dias, Gary B. Brassington, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Christopher Chapman, et al. "ACCESS-OM2 v1.0: a global ocean–sea ice model at three resolutions." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 401–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-401-2020.

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Abstract. We introduce ACCESS-OM2, a new version of the ocean–sea ice model of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator. ACCESS-OM2 is driven by a prescribed atmosphere (JRA55-do) but has been designed to form the ocean–sea ice component of the fully coupled (atmosphere–land–ocean–sea ice) ACCESS-CM2 model. Importantly, the model is available at three different horizontal resolutions: a coarse resolution (nominally 1∘ horizontal grid spacing), an eddy-permitting resolution (nominally 0.25∘), and an eddy-rich resolution (0.1∘ with 75 vertical levels); the eddy-rich model is designed to be incorporated into the Bluelink operational ocean prediction and reanalysis system. The different resolutions have been developed simultaneously, both to allow for testing at lower resolutions and to permit comparison across resolutions. In this paper, the model is introduced and the individual components are documented. The model performance is evaluated across the three different resolutions, highlighting the relative advantages and disadvantages of running ocean–sea ice models at higher resolution. We find that higher resolution is an advantage in resolving flow through small straits, the structure of western boundary currents, and the abyssal overturning cell but that there is scope for improvements in sub-grid-scale parameterizations at the highest resolution.

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Weiss, Jonathan D. "Magnetic Force and Thermal Expansion as Failure Mechanisms of Electrothermal MEMS Actuators Under Electrostatic Discharge Testing." Journal of Applied Mechanics 74, no. 5 (January 31, 2007): 996–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2723813.

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Like microelectronic circuits, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge (ESD). At Sandia National Laboratories, polysilicon electrothermal MEMS actuators have been subjected to ESD pulses to examine that susceptibility. Failures, in the form of cracks at points of high stress concentration, occurred that could not be explained by thermal degradation of the polysilicon caused by excessive heating, or by excessive displacement of the legs of the actuator of the same nature that occur in normal operation. One hypothesis presented in this paper is that the internal magnetic forces between the legs of the actuator, resulting from the ESD-associated high current pulses, might produce vibrations of amplitude sufficient to produce these cracks. However, a dynamic analysis based on simple beam theory indicated that such cracks are unlikely to occur, except under rather extreme conditions. On the other hand, these same current pulses also cause resistive heating of the legs and, therefore, thermally induced compression that can lead to buckling. Buckling stresses, particularly when augmented by magnetic forces, can readily explain failure. Both the magnetic and thermal analyses were performed using the human body model and the machine model of ESD. A justification for ignoring shuttle motion and eddy currents induced in the substrate during the ESD pulse is presented, as well.

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Nazarenko, Larissa, Tessa Sou, Michael Eby, and Greg Holloway. "The Arctic ocean-ice system studied by contamination modelling." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013732.

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The Arctic represents a relatively pristine frontier that is vulnerable to pollution. Substances originating at mid latitudes are transported to the Arctic by atmospheric processes, ocean currents and rivers. These pollutants can accumulate in the Arctic environment. Testing of nuclear weapons, dumping of waste and operation of ships, and nuclear power plants also pose threats.To investigate possible pollutant pathways we used a multi-level primitive-equation ocean model, coupled to a dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model. Coupling included conservative transfer of momentum, heat and fresh water. Atmospheric forcing (wind stress, temperature, humidity, radiation and heat fresh-water fluxes) was supplied by datasets or bulk formulae. Open lateral-boundary conditions for the ocean model were supplied either by datasets (temperature and salinity) or from a larger-scale ocean model (momentum). Two integrations were compared — one used a centred-difference advection scheme and viscous damping, while the other used a better representation of an advection scheme and a sub-gridscale eddy parameterization.Tracer simulations showed (1) the importance of good representation of numerical advection, and (2) the role of eddy interacting with sea-floor topography (the neptune effect).

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Nazarenko, Larissa, Tessa Sou, Michael Eby, and Greg Holloway. "The Arctic ocean-ice system studied by contamination modelling." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500013732.

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The Arctic represents a relatively pristine frontier that is vulnerable to pollution. Substances originating at mid latitudes are transported to the Arctic by atmospheric processes, ocean currents and rivers. These pollutants can accumulate in the Arctic environment. Testing of nuclear weapons, dumping of waste and operation of ships, and nuclear power plants also pose threats.To investigate possible pollutant pathways we used a multi-level primitive-equation ocean model, coupled to a dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model. Coupling included conservative transfer of momentum, heat and fresh water. Atmospheric forcing (wind stress, temperature, humidity, radiation and heat fresh-water fluxes) was supplied by datasets or bulk formulae. Open lateral-boundary conditions for the ocean model were supplied either by datasets (temperature and salinity) or from a larger-scale ocean model (momentum). Two integrations were compared — one used a centred-difference advection scheme and viscous damping, while the other used a better representation of an advection scheme and a sub-gridscale eddy parameterization.Tracer simulations showed (1) the importance of good representation of numerical advection, and (2) the role of eddy interacting with sea-floor topography (the neptune effect).

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