Academic literature on the topic 'Edge'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Edge.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Edge"

1

Young, Hilary C., Tyler G. Reid, Lea A. Randall, et al. "Influences of Movement Behavior on Animal Distributions at Edges of Homogeneous Patches." International Journal of Zoology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/602845.

Full text
Abstract:
We propose that changes in movement behavior may be a proximate mechanism that influences the accumulation of animals at habitat edges. We tested this idea with a combination of empirical and simulation experiments in a resource-free landscape. The movements of individual flour beetles,Tribolium confusum, were tracked across a paper arena edged with invisible tape until beetles crossed the edge. Movement behavior (step lengths and turn angles) and cumulative occupancy were analyzed according to distance from the edge. We found that beetles took smaller steps with larger turn angles near edges
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Bošković, Željko. "Getting Really Edgy: On the Edge of the Edge." Linguistic Inquiry 47, no. 1 (2016): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00203.

Full text
Abstract:
The article argues that in constructions where there is more than one phrase at a phasal edge, only the highest edge is available for movement and anaphor binding. This shows that only the outermost edge counts as the edge of a phase for the Phase Impenetrability Condition ( PIC). The article also demonstrates that moving the element that counts as the phasal edge in multiple specifier/adjunct cases can affect the PIC status of the remaining edges. These conclusions provide a new argument for the contextuality of phasehood. A number of recent works have argued that the phasal status of a phras
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Konishi, Akihito, Yasukazu Hirao, Hiroyuki Kurata, Takashi Kubo, Masayoshi Nakano, and Kenji Kamada. "Anthenes: Model systems for understanding the edge state of graphene nanoribbons." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 4 (2014): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-0811.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe edge state, which is a peculiar magnetic state in zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) originating from an electron–electron correlation in an edge-localized π-state, has promising applications for magnetic and spintronics devices and has attracted much attention of physicists, chemists, and engineers. For deeper understanding of the edge state, precise fabrication of edge structures in ZGNRs has been highly demanded. We focus on anthenes, which are peri-condensed anthracenes that have zigzag and armchair edges on the molecular periphery, as model systems for understanding, an
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

강은경. "Symmetries of edges in phonology: EDGE-HIGHLIGHT and EDGE-AVOIDANCE." Studies in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology 14, no. 3 (2008): 329–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17959/sppm.2008.14.3.329.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Wong, Yuki, Nurul Ezaila Alias, Tian Swee Tan, and Michael Loong Peng Tan. "Investigating Transmission Coefficients of AB-Stacked Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons with Varied Edge Configurations." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 2 (2024): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v23n2.575.

Full text
Abstract:
In this study, the transmission coefficients of AB-stacked bilayer graphene nanoribbons (AB-BGNRs) with different edge configurations, specifically zigzag and armchair edges, are comprehensively investigated. These coefficients are modeled and simulated using the tight-binding (TB) model and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism. The impact of edge structures on the electronic properties of AB-BGNRs is highlighted, providing insights into their potential applications in nanoelectronics devices. Significant variations between zigzag and armchair-edged bilayer graphene nanoribbons (B
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Breś, Justyna, and Karolina A. Krośnicka. "Evolution of Edges and Porosity of Urban Blue Spaces: A Case Study of Gdańsk." Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (2021): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4108.

Full text
Abstract:
Current waterfront studies focus mainly on a land-based perspective, failing to include the water side. Water is, however, not just a resource for port and industrial purposes and an edge to the waterfront; it is also a feature of the waterfront and the complex relation between water and city. Thus, the article suggests that water-land edges need to be re-contextualised, taking into consideration also their shape, functionality, and evolution over time. This article therefore introduces the concept of urban blue spaces, that is, spaces that include at least one land-water edge, such as a shore
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mapurisa, W., and G. Sithole. "IMPROVED EDGE DETECTION FOR SATELLITE IMAGES." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2022 (May 17, 2022): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2022-185-2022.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. Edges are a key feature employed in various computer vision applications namely segmentation, object recognition, feature tracking and 3D reconstruction. Edges provide key information with regards to object presence, shape, form and detail which aid in many computer vision tasks. While there are various edge detection techniques in literature, challenges in edge detection remain. Varying image contrast due to non uniform scene illumination and imaging resolution affects the edge information obtained from any given image. The edge detection results are characterised by missing edges,
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Nalwa, Vishvjit S., and Eric Pauchon. "Edgel aggregation and edge description." Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 38, no. 2 (1987): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-189x(87)80142-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Nalwa, Vishvjit S., and Eric Pauchon. "Edgel aggregation and edge description." Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 40, no. 1 (1987): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-189x(87)90057-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Janani R. "On Edge Prime Index of a Graph." Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 31, no. 2 (2024): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cana.v31.512.

Full text
Abstract:
Relatively Prime Edge labeling extends the notion of prime labeling by considering edges. Prime labeling requires adjacent vertices to possess relatively prime labels, while relatively prime edge labeling requires adjacent edges to have relatively prime labels. The transformation of a coprime edge-labeled graph into a relatively prime edge-labeled graph introduces the concept of Edge Prime Index (or Relatively Prime Index). This study focuses on cases where a coprime edge-labeled graph can be converted into a relatively prime edge-labeled graph by removing certain edges from graph G, thereby e
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Edge"

1

Oh, JaeHo. "Edge spectroscopy in cleaved edge overgrowth GaAsAlGaAs." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82302.

Full text
Abstract:
We measure the electron density of a single Landau Level of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure cleaved edge overgrown structure. Edge spectroscopy, which is a powerful technique to probe correlations in 2D systems, has been used. While the 2DEG shows typical fractional quantum Hall features from a many-particle behavior (Luttinger Liquid) at low tunneling voltages, to single particle characteristic at high voltages, which reflects the absence of a many-body state away from the Fermi level. At high enough voltages, the single particle characteristic
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Maltais, Elizabeth. "Covering arrays avoiding forbidden edges and edge clique covers." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28442.

Full text
Abstract:
Covering arrays avoiding forbidden edges (CAFEs) are combinatorial designs which can be used to generate test suites for practical testing applications. CAFEs generate test suites in which all required pairwise interactions between any two factors are tested at least once each, with the property that a specified list of pairwise interactions, the so called forbidden interactions, are avoided by all tests generated by the CAFE. Consequently, CAFEs can be applied to testing applications wherein constraints are imposed on the factors of the tests, resulting in forbidden interactions. In this thes
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jansson, Ulrika. "Forest edges in boreal landscapes - factors affecting edge influence." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-21664.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lewis, Jason Robert. "Vertex-edge and edge-vertex parameters in graphs." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1193079748/.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Sufiye, Shooresh. "Industrial Internet of Things Edge Computing : Edge Forensics." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-41390.

Full text
Abstract:
Internet of Things (IoT) is an upcoming prominent technology which is quickly growing. Not all IoTdemands of computing resources can be satisfied by cloud, and obstacles are firmer when it comes to mobility and agility. Thus, edge computing as a suitable middleware can fill the gap between cloud and IoT devices. Refer to the latest researches, edge security is still evolving, and forensics is almost untouched. In this work, we attempt to study available technologies and materials then design and implement an edge computing application which addresses the challenge of log collection from differ
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Williams, Donna J. "Edge Contours." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 1989. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/10146.

Full text
Abstract:
University of Central Florida College of Arts and Sciences Thesis<br>The accuracy with which a computer vision system is able to identify objects in an image is heavily dependent upon the accuracy of the low level processes that identify which points lie on the edges of an object. In order to remove noise and fine texture from an image, it is usually smoothed before edge detection is performed. This smoothing causes edges to be displaced from their actual location in the image. Knowledge about the changes that occur with different degrees of smoothing (scales) and the physical conditions that
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Riemersma, Kier James. "Water's edge." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69383.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Berghage, Jeffrey L. "City/edge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36020.

Full text
Abstract:
As transportation systems, telecommunications, and methods of working and living evolve, it becomes clear that a centralized urban area is no longer necessary; a web of interconnected centers is the more likely result. This dissolution of urban density is occuring at a variety of scales, from the largest metro areas to smaller towns. Major "edge cities" have tended to develop at crossroads where radiating urban avenues intersect with concentric beltways. In our towns, smaller-scale edge cities occur at expressway exits outside the town limits, or where the business route into town separate
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Sweeney, Mark. "Fathom's Edge." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28483/.

Full text
Abstract:
Investigating elements of the creative process in the work of three poets: James Wright, Gjertrud Schnackenberg, and Pegeen Kelly. Each poet deploys a different method for access to those experiences that lie at the edge of accessible language. Each method is discussed and its deployment illustrated. Wright leads us from the sensory world to the supersensual. Schnackenberg makes use of the formal device of the fairy tale. Kelly immerses in the logic of dreams. Drawing on Elaine Scarry's theory of the imagination, the case is made that the poetic act is a dialectic between the poet and the sens
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Benoit, James. "Cutting edge or bleeding edge : should video games be regulated?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32064.

Full text
Abstract:
Video games are currently regulated in North America through an independent organization, the Entertainment Software Rating Board. The United States Supreme Court is currently considering whether to uphold a section of California’s Civil Code that bans the sale of violent video games to minors. California’s legislature created this regulation on the grounds that it protected minors from the harm and moral wrongs that playing violent video games allegedly cause. However, the Entertainment Merchants’ Association has strongly contested this law by contesting that violent video games cannot be pro
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Edge"

1

Zhang, Liang-Jie, ed. Edge Computing – EDGE 2021. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96504-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Liu, Shijun, Bedir Tekinerdogan, Mikio Aoyama, and Liang-Jie Zhang, eds. Edge Computing – EDGE 2018. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94340-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Zhang, Tao, Jinpeng Wei, and Liang-Jie Zhang, eds. Edge Computing – EDGE 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23374-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Katangur, Ajay, Shih-Chun Lin, Jinpeng Wei, Shuhui Yang, and Liang-Jie Zhang, eds. Edge Computing – EDGE 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59824-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Luo, Min, and Liang-Jie Zhang, eds. Edge Computing – EDGE 2022. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23470-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Feng, Jun, Frank Jiang, Min Luo, and Liang-Jie Zhang, eds. Edge Computing – EDGE 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51826-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Zeng, Jing, and Liang-Jie Zhang, eds. Edge Computing – EDGE 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77069-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Cadnum, Michael. Edge. Penguin Group, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Cadnum, Michael. Edge. Penguin Group, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

(Amsterdam), Aorta, Butler Gallery, and Arts Council of Northern Ireland. Gallery., eds. Edge. Aorta, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Edge"

1

Hoogendoorn, Iwan. "Edge and Edge Clusters." In Getting Started with NSX-T: Logical Routing and Switching. Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6708-0_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Cina, Michael. "Edge." In New Masters of Photoshop. Apress, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5121-7_17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Weik, Martin H. "edge." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_5797.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Adhya, Anirban, and Philip D. Plowright. "Edge." In Urban Design Made by Humans. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003254935-14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Shemakov, Roman. "Edge." In Centralized. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-2937-4_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Tadakamalla, Uma, and Daniel A. Menascé. "Characterization of IoT Workloads." In Edge Computing – EDGE 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23374-7_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

George, Anjus, and Arun Ravindran. "Latency Control for Distributed Machine Vision at the Edge Through Approximate Computing." In Edge Computing – EDGE 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23374-7_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bahreini, Tayebeh, Hossein Badri, and Daniel Grosu. "Energy-Aware Capacity Provisioning and Resource Allocation in Edge Computing Systems." In Edge Computing – EDGE 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23374-7_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kattiyan Ramamoorthy, Krishna Murthy, Wei Wang, and Kazem Sohraby. "Stackelberg Game-Theoretic Spectrum Allocation for QoE-Centric Wireless Multimedia Communications." In Edge Computing – EDGE 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23374-7_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Raponi, Simone, Maurantonio Caprolu, and Roberto Di Pietro. "Intrusion Detection at the Network Edge: Solutions, Limitations, and Future Directions." In Edge Computing – EDGE 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23374-7_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Edge"

1

Giang, Nam Ky, Rodger Lea, Michael Blackstock, and Victor C. M. Leung. "Fog at the Edge: Experiences Building an Edge Computing Platform." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edge.2018.00009.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

"Proceedings 2020 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing EDGE 2020." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edge50951.2020.00001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

"[Copyright notice]." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee.edge.2017.3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

"Message from the Program Chairs." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee.edge.2017.6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

"Author index." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee.edge.2017.48.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

"[Publisher's information]." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee.edge.2017.49.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

"Message from the General Chairs." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee.edge.2017.5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sridhar, Smruthi, and Matthew E. Tolentino. "Evaluating Voice Interaction Pipelines at the Edge." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee.edge.2017.46.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

"[Title page i]." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee.edge.2017.1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Loghin, Dumitrel, Lavanya Ramapantulu, and Yong Meng Teo. "On Understanding Time, Energy and Cost Performance of Wimpy Heterogeneous Systems for Edge Computing." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee.edge.2017.10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Edge"

1

Davenport, Karen Walston, Chien-Chi Lo, Po-E. Li, Migun Shakya, and Patrick Sam Guy Chain. EDGE Bioinformatics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1503175.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Cully, John, and Susie Wright. Edge computing. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn631.

Full text
Abstract:
This POSTnote describes edge computing, the use of computing resources in close proximity to the place where data are processed within a network, and some of the opportunities and challenges associated with its use. It supplements POSTnote 629.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bryant, S., and P. Pate, eds. Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Architecture. RFC Editor, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3985.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Xiao, X., D. McPherson, and P. Pate, eds. Requirements for Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3). RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3916.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Martini, L. IANA Allocations for Pseudowire Edge to Edge Emulation (PWE3). RFC Editor, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4446.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Malis, A., and M. Townsley. Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Fragmentation and Reassembly. RFC Editor, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4623.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Krasheninnikov, Sergei I., Justin Angus, and Wonjae Lee. Edge Simulation Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1415775.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Malis, A., D. Allan, and N. Del. Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Frame Check Sequence Retention. RFC Editor, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4720.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bitar, N., M. Bocci, and L. Martini, eds. Requirements for Multi-Segment Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3). RFC Editor, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5254.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bocci, M., and S. Bryant. An Architecture for Multi-Segment Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge. RFC Editor, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5659.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!