Relevant bibliographies by topics / Edible Wild plants

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Edible Wild plants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Edible Wild plants"

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Cordero, Sebastián, Francisca Galvez, and Gastón O. Carvallo. "Biodiversity-productivity relationship in urban vascular flora: a comparison between wild edible and non-edible plants." Botanical Sciences 100, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2892.

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Background: Wild edible plants are species that are not cultivated but can be consumed as food. These plants may exhibit the highest taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity within urban floras, since they have a longer history of use associated with humans than non-edible plants. Also, because biodiversity is strongly associated with biomass, edible plants plant might show higher productivity (biomass per site) than non-edible plants. Questions: Is taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of wild edible plants higher than non-edibles within urban areas? Is the alpha-biodiversity of wild edible plants positively related to biomass productivity in urban areas? Study sites and years of study: Cities of the coastal Mediterranean-type ecosystem, central Chile, 2015 and 2016. Methods: We characterized the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of urban flora differentiating wild edible and non-edible plants. Then, we assessed whether alpha-diversity of assemblages is related to their biomass productivity. Results: Both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were higher for edibles than non-edible plants. For edible plants, biomass was positively related to species richness and negatively with the mean phylogenetic diversity (MPD, a measure of evolutionary relationship among plants within an assemblage). Conclusions: Species richness is a suitable proxy to estimate wild edible plant diversity and their biomass in cities surpassing other proxies, such as phylogenetic diversity. Negative effect of MPD on biomass suggests that only a subgroup of related plants, possibly highly adapted to urban conditions, contribute to edible plant production. The distinction between wild edible and non-edible plants offers a better understanding of the assembly rules and biodiversity-biomass relationship within urban floras.
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Chakravarty, Sumit, Karma D. Bhutia, C. P. Suresh, Gopal Shukla, and Nazir A. Pala. "A review on diversity, conservation and nutrition of wild edible fruits." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 2346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1135.

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The United Nations adopted the Millennium Declaration of September 2009 to improve the global living conditions through reducing poverty and hunger. However, considerable numbers of people are still living in utter penury and are deprived of a dignified living. In such tough circumstances nature’s free gift in the form of wild edible foods are benefiting the vulnerable and dependent communities. Wild edible plants (WEPs) are the species those are neither cultivated nor domesticated however are available in their wild natural habitat and used as sources of these plants have played a significant role in the development and civilization of human history throughout the ages and globe. These wild edible plants have played a significant role in supplying food and nutritional requirements of poor communities in many rural parts of the world. These wild edibles can be popularized only when they are comparedfor their nutritional and health benefits with major or widely used cultivated plants. The social, cultural, religious, and belief system of the rural communities are incomplete without these wild edible plants. Domestication of these wild edible plants can increase their use and their conservation as well. The present review paper has described the wild edible plants in context of their diversity, traditional knowledge, conservation practices and nutritional composition from the available secondary literature. Authors feel there is still scope to incorporate more contextual variables for explaining more variations embedded with local people’s perception on values and usage of these wild edible fruits.
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Getachew, Addis G., Z. Asfaw, V. Singh, Z. Woldu, JJ Baidu-Forson, and S. Bhattacharya. "Dietary values of wild and semi-wild edible plants in southern Ethiopia." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 13, no. 57 (April 25, 2013): 7486–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.57.11125.

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Ethnobotanical studies have shown that many wild plant species are sporadically consumed alongside regular food sources in developing countries. Many plants of wild and semi-wild origin are consumed in the remote parts of southern Ethiopia. Dietetic values of Ethiopia’s non-crop food plants, though important in prevention of malnutrition and contribution to food security, remains shrouded for lack of chemical information. The chemical composition of popularly used wild edibles in Hamar and Konso (Xonso) of southern Ethiopia was examined. The most preferred 15 semi-wild and wild edible plants were selected using a mix of standard ethnobotanical field methods. Edible parts of target plants were collected with local participants, lyophilized and analyzed for proximate composition, amino acids, minerals and antinutritional factors. The wild edibles constituted good amounts of nutrients essential in human diet. Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) gave 1.5-5.8% ether extractives and total mineral composition of 12.5%-25.6%; Ca being highest (1100 - 3419 mg %) and exceptionally high for Justicia ladanoides (6177 mg %). Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn ranged from 11.7-23.14, 175-2049, 3.4-9.9 and 1.2-3.3 mg %, respectively. All GLVs contained ≥20% protein, highest in Coccinia grandis (36.3%). The latter species and Trigonella foenum-graecum yielded high lysine level. Anti-nutrients of concern include phenolics (158-1564 mg %) and tannins (448-2254 mg %) in GLVs and phenolics (1997mg %) and tannins (6314 mg %) in Ximenia caffra fruits. Total oxalates in mg % were high in Amaranthus graecizans (14067), Celosia argentea (12706) and Portulaca quadrifida (10162). Bulk consumption of monotype edible plant part in one meal may lead to nutritional and health impairment. However, traditional processing methods lower most of the anti-nutritionals and their respective risks. New food composition tables that integrate indigenous knowledge and nutritional content of the semi-wild and wild edibles are recommended. Wild edibles can be considered to improve livelihood security and reduce malnutrition in tune with the Millennium Development Goals aimed at reducing poverty and hunger.
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Shrestha, Saugat. "Wild Edible Plants of Dhankuta, Eastern Nepal." Rupantaran: A Multidisciplinary Journal 5 (September 27, 2021): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rupantaran.v5i01.39866.

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The Dhankuta district, situated in the Eastern part of the country, is a hot spot for floral diversity. The vegetation zone ranges from sub tropical Sal forest to cool temperate alpine forest. The study of wild edible plant of this area was an attempt to highlight the types of wild edible plants found and their mode of use in local people. Present study records 132 species of wild edible plants belonging to 63 families and 103 genera. Fruits are the most common edible parts of the wild edible plants followed by leaves, young shoot, root or tuber, seeds, flower, whole plants, bark, nectar, nuts, inflorescence and buds.
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Malyševa, Ninel V., Igor A. Danilov, and Marina A. Osorova. "Yakut names of wild edible plants." Turkic Languages 25, no. 1 (2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/tl/2021/1/79.

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Duguma, Haile Tesfaye. "Wild Edible Plant Nutritional Contribution and Consumer Perception in Ethiopia." International Journal of Food Science 2020 (September 4, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2958623.

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The scarcity, high cost, and unreliable supply of healthy food in developing countries have resulted in the search for cheap and alternative sources of healthy and nutritious food. Wild edible plants (WEPs) are one of the alternative sources of healthy and nutritious food, and they are crucially important in supporting the global food basket in all parts of the world in general and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular. These wild edible plants have played a significant role in supplying food and nutritional requirements and increasing the health status of poor communities in many rural parts of the world. In Ethiopia, rural communities use wild edible plants as a means of survival especially during times of drought and famine and during other forms calamities and crises. Wild edible plants have high nutritional content, including proteins, vitamin B2, and vitamin C, which can be used as alternatives to conventional plant-based human diets. The available literature has revealed that some wild edible plants also have medicinal properties. Even though wild edible plants are important for food security, they are usually overlooked and perceived as food for poor families. This review indicates that fruits are the most commonly used WEPs, both for consumption and medicinal value, and most plant parts are eaten directly in raw forms. This review focuses on the commercial exploitation of wild edible plants as a source of dietary supplements and alternative medicines and as a means to generate income; it also focuses on consumer perception toward wild edible plants in Ethiopia. Despite easy accessibility and availability, the consumption of wild edible plants is challenged by numerous factors. This review suggests that nutrition policies have to promote the utilization of wild edible plants as one pillar of food and nutrition security. Bioactive compound contents and antinutritional factor contents of wild and medicinal plants need further investigation.
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Ashraf, K., and A. Santhoshkumar. "Ecological status of Wild Edibles consumed by Cholanaickens, a primitive tribe of Western Ghats, India." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2011-uw1n1a.

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A study was undertaken to document the ecological status of wild edibles consumed among the Cholanaickens tribe of Western Ghat in India. It was found that they consume a number of wild edible plants. It was observed that the people are less dependent on their traditional foods owing to the availability of subsidized food from the cooperative stores. A total of fifty six species of wild edible plants were documented which are consumed by the Cholanaickens. Among those species, twenty four species were leafy vegetables, followed by twelve fruit yielding species, nine species, which produce edible seeds, and eleven species producing tubers and rhizomes. The phytosociological study showed that only thirteen species of edible plants are available at present in the study area. It was also found that regeneration of most of the tuber species is not taking place probably because of higher exploitation in the previous period.
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Chen, Bixia, and Zhenmian Qiu. "Consumers' Attitudes towards Edible Wild Plants: A Case Study of Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan." International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/872413.

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This study explored the rural revitalizing strategy in FAO's Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) site in Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture of Japan, using a case study of edible wild plants. This study assessed the current and possible future utilization of edible wild plants as one important NTFP by clarifying the attitudes of consumers and exploring the challenges of harvesting edible wild plants. Traditional ecological knowledge associated with edible wild plants and the related attitudes of consumers towards wild plants was documented. A questionnaire survey found that a majority of the respondents held positive attitude towards edible wild plants as being healthy, safe food, part of traditional dietary culture. Increasing demand of edible wild plants from urban residents aroused conflicts with local residents’ interest given that around 86% of the forested hills are private in Noto Region. Non timber forest products (NTFP) extraction can be seen as a tool for creating socioeconomic relationships that are dependent on healthy, biodiverse ecosystems. It was suggested that Japanese Agricultural Cooperatives (JA) and Forestry Cooperatives (FCA) could be involved with GIAHS process. As important traditional dietary and ecological system, edible wild plants should be a part of GIAHS project for rural revitalization.
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Merry Phawa, Gifty, Eric Kevin Dkhar, and Donboklang Marbaniang. "Indigenous Wild Edible Plants of Bataw Village, East Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i2.578.

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The study was carried out as a kind of documentation of the used of wild edibles plants by the people in Bataw village, East Jaintia Hills. The results show that there are 35edible plants and belonging to 26 families being taken by the people of Bataw village as food. The mode of utilisation of wild edible plant includes 12 plant species used as vegetables, 11 species eaten as raw and 12 species consume as raw and as well as vegetable. The vast overexploitation of these indigenous wild edible plants has led to the over decline of these species. Therefore steps should be taken to protect such resources and further inventories need to undertake to understand their nutritional benefits and their long term sustenance.
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Pandey, Kailash, and Neeta Pande. "Ethnobotanical Documentation of Wild Edible Plants Used by Gujjar Community of Tarai West Forest Division Ramnagar, Nainital, India." Current World Environment 11, no. 3 (December 25, 2016): 808–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.3.16.

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The present investigation highlights the identification and documentation of wild edible plants used by Gujjar community in foothills of Shiwalik range ofKumaun Himalaya. Survey method by using semi structured interview schedule with the Gujjar community was used to collect the information. During the survey, a total of 51 plants belong to 33 families and 46 genera were listed as edible, out of which 39% trees, 25% shrubs, 22% herbs and 14% were climbers. Various parts of the plant were used as food, of which fruits and leaves were extensively used. The study also deals with the availability status of listed plants,about 13 plants found abundantly, 09 were common and 29 plants placed in rare category. The results emerge from this study suggested that exploration and documentation of wild edibles plants offer new variety of food to be added in the healthy diet but their survival in near future is threatened due to lack of awareness and documentation. Therefore, both wild edibles plants as well as traditional knowledge need priority action for conservation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Edible Wild plants"

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De, Lange HC, Averbeke W. Van, and van Vuuren PJ Jansen. "Human preference for, and insect damage to, six South African wild fruits." African Entomology, 2005. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000943.

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Throughout history, harvesting of fruit from the wild has played a role in the livelihoods of people in South Africa. For the San, who lived in South Africa for thousands of years, wild fruits were a staple food during parts of the year (Fox & Norwood Young 1983). Among the Bantu people, who entered South Africa about two thousand years ago (Hammond-Tooke 1993), agriculture was the main way in which food was acquired, but they also collected food from the wild. Especially during times of hardship, when cattle herds were decimated or crops were destroyed, they relied on hunting and gathering of fruits and edible plants from the wild for survival (Shapera & Goodwin 1959; Stuart & Malcolm 1986; Bundy 1988). European people settling in South Africa learnt to use and appreciate wild fruits (van Dyk 1988). In the rural areas of the Southern African region, the utilization of wild fruits as a source of food has persisted, especially among black people (Walker 1989; Shackleton 1996; Rossiter, Pellegrin et al. 1997). There is increasing interest in the domestication and improvement of selected fruits, and their utilization as orchard crops, marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) being the prime example (Nerd et al.1990; Holtzhausen, Swart & van Rensburg 1990; Nerd & Mizrahi 1993; Geldenhuys 2001; Taylor 2001; Barton 2001). Research into the wild fruits of South Africa has been mainly botanical or anthropological.
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Bailey, Brent. "Social and economic impacts of wild harvested products." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=968.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 103 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-83).
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Nolan, Justin M. "Ethnobotany in Missouri's Little Dixie : knowledge variation in a regional culture /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974669.

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De, Vynck Jan Carlo. "Contemporary use and seasonal abundance of indigenous edible plants (with an emphasis on geophytes) available to human foragers on the Cape south coast, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020044.

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Human subsistence within the Cape Floristic Region (Cape) dates back to our inception as a distinct species. Unique archaeological evidence found here for the defining attribute of cognitive modernity, as well as coinciding paleo-climatic challenges to survival, both highlight the Cape’s potential to support the existence of pre-historic hunter-gatherers. This habitat, with its unprecedented diversity of geophytes and other plant growth forms, has not yet revealed its potential to provide carbohydrate resources for early Homo sapiens sapiens. In order to investigate this potential, an ethnobotanical survey of the south Cape coastal area near Still Bay was conducted. Despite 17th Century colonialism marking the onset of indigenous plant knowledge decline, the 18 people of Khoe-San descent interviewed in this survey still actively used 58 indigenous edible plant species with a variety of 69 uses. Fruit showed the highest popularity of plants used (52 percent) followed by nectar, with plants having underground storage organs (USOs) ranking third (34 percent). Among growth forms, shrubs dominated (34 percent) followed by geophytes and trees (both 21 percent). With the exception of Prionium serratum, which was rare in the research area, this study failed to identify species that could have formed a staple source of carbohydrate for pre-colonial Khoe-San peoples of the Cape south coast. While eight species of USOs were identified (12 percent of total) only Cyphia species emerged as an important carbohydrate source. This study indicated the importance of Thicket Biome species as a source of edible plants. The second component of the study comprised a two year phenological survey of indigenous edible plant species in four primary vegetation types. A total of 32 USO species and 21 species with aboveground edible carbohydrates (fruiting species) were identified across all sites. Limestone Fynbos had the richest flora of edible species (21 USO species and 18 fruiting species), followed by Strandveld (15 USOs and 13 fruiting species), Renosterveld (8 and 8, respectively) and lastly Sand Fynbos (5 and 5, respectively). The season of highest apparency showed slight variation amongst the four sites over the two years, with more variation evident in the period of apparency. The first survey year had below average rainfall, while the second year received an average rainfall amount. The second year saw a dramatic increase in apparency of abundance for all sites (50 to 60 percent increase) except for the Sand Fynbos site, which showed little change. The other sites showed a one month increase in the period of apparency in the second survey year. Overall, late summer to autumn was the period of lowest apparency of USOs. The ripening of certain fruiting species during this time would have provided a source of carbohydrate when USO availability was at its lowest. Strandveld had the highest biomass in the peak of apparency (over 80 kgha-1) in the first year with a nearly 20 percent increase for the second year. The combined biomass for the four study sites in the first survey year was roughly 150 kgha-1 and 185 kgha-1 for the second year. The apparency of abundance (ripe and edible phase) of fruiting species did not increase much for Renosterveld and Strandveld in the second survey year, except for Limestone Fynbos (49 percent increase) and Sand Fynbos (53 percent). A multivariate analysis showed seven phenophases for high apparency of edible USOs and ripe fruit across the four vegetation types. Given the contribution of evergreen USOs and fruiting species, there would always have been carbohydrates available for foragers to collect in the major vegetation types of the south Cape coast. However, harvesting and processing this carbohydrate resource would have posed cognitive challenges for MSA hunter-gatherers, given the interwoven taxonomic complexity of numerous toxic plant species, and the diverse phenology of edible plant species within the varied vegetation types. These challenges were undoubtedly mastered, highlighting the Cape environment as a possible catalyst to improved human cognitive maturity.
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Pearson, Kerry. "OPTIMIZING MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE OF LACTATING WOMEN IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA, THROUGH INCREASED WILD EDIBLE PLANT CONSUMPTION." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/545.

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OPTIMIZING MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE OF LACTATING WOMEN IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA, THROUGH INCREASED WILD EDIBLE PLANT CONSUMPTION Kerry Pearson Micronutrient consumption in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, is insufficient to meet the needs of lactating women. Inadequate intake negatively impacts the health of both the mother and infant. Increasing consumption of wild edible plants has been recommended to combat these deficiencies, but information has not yet been provided on which types of wild plants should be eaten or in what quantity. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal mixture of wild edible plants that needs to be consumed to meet the micronutrient needs of lactating women in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This was done by creating optimization models using linear programming. Components of these models included identifying gaps between current micronutrient intake and recommended intake levels and the creation of composite nutrient profiles for groups of wild edible plants available in KwaZulu-Natal. One model calculated the optimum amount of wild edible plants that would need to be consumed in addition to the current diet to meet micronutrient recommendations. A second semi-isocaloric model calculated the optimum amount of wild edible plants that would need to be consumed if half the additional calories would replace an equivalent number of calories of the main staple food, maize. A combination of 250g leafy vegetables and 349g fruit, replacing 54g of maize meal, was determined to be the best model. This mixture will meet the micronutrient needs of 50% of lactating women and would add only 192 calories to the diet. The same blend will meet the needs of 75% of women for all nutrients except calcium, zinc, thiamin, and riboflavin. It is hoped that increased use of wild plants will also increase physical activity and make the consumption of high quality animal products more economically feasible. Understanding forces that have brought about current dietary patterns in this population and working in tandem with other nutrition intervention programs will be the best way to successfully implement these goals. More complete information is needed on the nutrient profiles of wild edible plants in South Africa and on how anti-nutrients in these plants effects bioavailability of nutrients and the health of the consumer. Despite these limitations, it is clear that a reasonable increase in wild edible plant consumption can have a tremendous positive impact on micronutrient consumption of lactating women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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Shava, Soul. "The use of indigenous plants as food by a rural community in the Eastern Cape : an educational exploration." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003699.

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Looking at the use of plants as food reflects how humankind has fashioned nature. There has been a significant change in production patterns from hunter-gathering through subsistence agriculture to technologically advanced commercial agriculture with a subsequent reduction in the diversity of plants used as food. A parallel trend in consumption patterns has occurred, from home-based food processing for subsistence through small- scale production to large-scale industrial processing and the commodification of food. The overall result of such trends is a narrowing of the food resource base and an increasing reliance on processed foods at the expense of traditional diets, accompanied by increasing diet-related health risks. This research is an ethnographic case study on the use of indigenous food plants by the community of Tuku A village in the Eastern Cape using interviews and observations as the main data collecting strategies. A nutritional analysis of some wild food plants was also carried out. An inventory of more than 70 food plant species was compiled, with the knowledge of such plants found among both the elderly and the youth. The incorporation of this knowledge into education systems is recommended. Of the wild food plants documented, some were non-indigenous indicating the dynamic nature of indigenous knowledge. Some wild spinach were left to grow amongst cultivated food plants, hinting at some form of ‘domestication’ in process. This observation together with the observation that wild fruit trees were selectively conserved highlights the possibility of the continued use of wild food contributing to conservation of botanical diversity. Community use of indigenous food was found to be diminishing. Stigmatisation of indigenous food plants, urbanisation, formal education, changes in lifestyle, and media were some of the factors possibly influencing this dietary shift. The community made links between diet and health, which correspond to modern scientific knowledge, with modern diet being lamented for ill health. The nutritional analysis revealed that wild food plants do contain essential dietary nutrients, an area recommended for further research.
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Castaneda, Langlois Héctor. "Ethnobotanical analysis of different successional stages as sources of wild edible plants for the Guaymi people in Costa Rica." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008826.

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BUFANO, Annarita. "Wild edible plants in Italy. A database and its applications in determining functional compounds in five Italian flora species." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/105999.

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La Flora alimurgica rappresenta, per l’Italia, una risorsa strategica alla quale è possibile associare numerosi valori positivi: ecologici, nutrizionali, socio-culturali, agroalimentari. Tuttavia, tale patrimonio “immateriale”, di inestimabile valore per l’Italia, è fortemente a rischio di scomparsa, sia per via degli stili di vita imposti dal progresso e dalla globalizzazione, che per la scarsa presenza di studi organici che quantifichino e documentino l’uso alimentare di queste specie. Le informazioni, infatti, talvolta corpose e ben strutturate, rimandano a territori ristretti che, al massimo, riguardano una scala regionale. Sebbene, siano stati pubblicati in Italia diversi studi sulle WEP, non si ha una visione completa della loro conoscenza. Pertanto, la presente Tesi, è stata incentrata su due filoni di ricerca. Il Primo ha riguardato la progettazione di un Databasedella flora alimurgica italiana, con lo scopo di sistematizzare il bagaglio della vasta conoscenza delle WEP acquisita in Italia negli ultimi 100 anni, creando uno strumento di facile lettura non solo per finalità puramente speculative ma anche pratiche (ad esempio valutare i composti bioattivi). La progettazione e la popolazione della banca dati sono state eseguite mediante la scoperta e l'analisi delle risorse bibliografiche di 358 opere (libri e articoli scientifici) dal 1918 ad oggi. Dall’analisi dei testi, sono state considerate solo le specie alimurgiche, escludendo quelle aliene occasionali e coltivate. Le analisi relative al numero di entità hanno valutato la parte di pianta utilizzata, la modalità di utilizzo,la distribuzione regionale in Italia, il corotipo, determinando che la maggior parte delle specie è a carattere Mediterraneo in quanto l’uso delle specie alimurgiche risulta essere sbilanciato a favore delle regioni meridionali del nostro Paese, a testimonianza di un uso ancora ben presente.Dall’analisi delle forme biologiche, si è riscontrato che le specie alimurgiche maggiormente frequenti, sono le Emicriptofite (39%) e le Terofite (25%). Tale risultato, considerando l’habitus generale di tali forme biologiche, è prevedibile in quanto le parti maggiormente consumate sono le foglie, le rosette basali ed i giovani getti. Le conoscenze sull’utilizzo delle specie spontanee eduli in Italia, si attesta a 1103 entità, pari al 13,9% dell’intero patrimonio floristico Italiano. La famiglia più diffusa è quella delle Asteraceae (20,22%); le specie più utilizzate sono Cichorium intybus e Borago officinalis. È stata interpretata la distribuzione regionale non omogenea dei WEP (massimo al sud e minimo al nord). I testi pubblicati hanno raggiunto un picco esponenziale nel decennio 2001-2010. In sintesi, è importante per le piante alimurgiche italiane avere un database, da utilizzare con l’obiettivo di descrivere la ricchezza di questa conoscenza, per tale motivo potrebbe essere anche un veicolo di sviluppo in campo agricolo. La seconda area di ricerca trattata riguarda lo studio di cinque specie Crepis vesicaria L., Sonchus asper L., Sonchus oleraceus L., Tragopogon porrifolius L., (Asteraceae), Blitum bonus-henricus (Chenopodiaceae). Comunemente consumate nella dieta mediterranea, sono state esaminate per la loro composizione nutrizionale e il contenuto di carotenoidi, tocoli, tiamina e riboflavina. Dall’analisi dei dati si può dichiarare che tutte le specie sono risultate fonti di xantofille (violaxantina, neoxantina, luteina, zeaxantina e β-criptoxantina) e caroteni (α-carotene, β-carotene, 9-cis-βcarotene e 13-cis-β-carotene). La luteina rappresentava il contenuto più elevato (circa 4 mg / 100 g). Inoltre, possedevano buone quantità di tocoli, in particolare α-tocoferolo (circa 2-3 mg / 100 g). Quindi le piante analizzate possono essere dichiarate come fonte di fibra, vitamina A ed E, considerando la dose giornaliera raccomandata (RDA) stabilita dal Regolamento UE. Tutte le piante hanno mostrato una buona quantità di tiamina, in particolare Crepis vesicaria. Possono essere considerati una fonte di tiamina, mentre sono secondari per il contenuto di riboflavina. È stata condotta per Sonchus oleraceus e Sonchus asper un’indagine preliminare mirata a valutare l'effetto della cucina domestica (bollitura, cottura a vapore) sui principali carotenoidi (luteina e β-carotene) e sui tocoli. È stato rilevato che la lisciviazione di solidi solubili definita dalla cottura domestica causa un ricavo nei composti bioattivi studiati nelle verdure cotte, in modo da causare un apparente aumento del contenuto in entrambe le specie. Questi dati possono essere utili nel promuovere le WEP come prodotti di un mercato di nicchia per lo sviluppo di alimenti funzionali.
The alimurgic flora represents, for Italy, a strategic resource to which it is possible to associate numerous positive values: ecological, nutritional, socio-cultural, agri-food.However, this "intangible" patrimony, of inestimable value for Italy, is at great risk of disappearance, both because of the lifestyles imposed by progress and globalization, This is due to the lack of biological studies which quantify and document the alimentary use of these species.The information, in fact, sometimes substantial and well structured, refers to restricted territories that, at most, concern a regional scale.Although several studies on WEP have been published in Italy, one does not have a complete view of their knowledge.Therefore, this Thesis has been focused on two strands of research.The first concerned the design of a Database of the Italian alimurgic flora, with the aim of systematizing the wealth of the vast knowledge of WEP acquired in Italy over the last 100 years, creating an easy-to-read tool not only for purely speculative but also practical purposes (e.g. evaluate bioactive compounds).The design and population of the database were carried out through the discovery and analysis of the bibliographical resources of 358 works (books and scientific articles) from 1918 to the present day. From the analysis of the texts, only alimurgic species were considered, excluding occasional and cultivated alien ones. The analyzes relating to the number of entities have evaluated the part of the plant used, the method of use, the regional distribution in Italy, the chorotype, determining that most of the species are Mediterranean in character as the use of alimurgic species appears to be unbalanced in favor of the southern regions of our country, testifying to a use that is still well present.From the analysis of the biological forms, it has been found that the most frequent alimurgic species are the Emicriptofite (39%) and the Terophytes (25%).This result, considering the general habitus of these biological forms, is predictable as the most consumed parts are the leaves, the basal rosettes and the young shoots.The knowledge on the use of spontaneous edible species in Italy, amounted to 1103 entities, equal to 13.9% of the entire Italian floristic heritage.The most common family is that of the Asteraceae (20,22%); the most utilized species are Cichorium intybus and Borago officinalis.The non-homogeneous regional distribution of Weps has been interpreted (maximum in the south and minimum in the north).The published texts reached an exponential peak in the decade 2001-2010.In summary, it is important for Italian alimurgic plants to have a database, to be used with the aim of describing the richness of this knowledge, so it could also be a vehicle for development in the agricultural field.The second research area dealt with concerns the study of five species Crepis vesicaria L., Sonchus asper L., Sonchus oleraceus L., Tragopogon porrifolius L., (Asteraceae), Blitum bonus-henricus (Chenopodiaceae).Commonly consumed in the Mediterranean diet, they have been examined for their nutritional composition and the content of carotenoids, tocols, thiamine and riboflavin.Analysis of the data shows that all species were found to be sources of xanthophylls (violaxanthine, neoxanthine, lutein, zeaxanthine and β-cryptoxanthine) and carotenes (α-carotene, β-carotene, 9-cis-βcarotene and 13-cis-β -carotene).Lutein accounted for the highest content (approximately 4 mg / 100 g).Furthermore, they possessed good amounts of tocols, in particular α-tocopherol (about 2-3 mg / 100 g).Therefore the analyzed plants can be declared as a source of fiber, vitamin A and E, considering the recommended daily allowance (RDA) established by the EU Regulation.All plants showed a good amount of thiamin, especially Crepis vesicaria.They can be considered a source of thiamine, while they are secondary to the riboflavin content.A preliminary survey was conducted for Sonchus oleraceus and Sonchus asper to assess the effect of domestic cooking (boiling, steaming) on the main carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) and tocols.It has been found that leaching of soluble solids defined by domestic cooking causes a revenue in bioactive compounds studied in cooked vegetables, so as to cause an apparent increase in content in both specieThese data can be useful in promoting WEP as a niche market product for functional food development.
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Ko, Wai-ping Ice. "The nutritional ecology of frugivorous birds in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20667747.

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Barnardo, Nadia. "Sustainable harvesting of wild populations of Cyclopia intermedia in Kouga, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020195.

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Cyclopia intermedia E. Mey is harvested from the wild to produce honeybush tea. The presence of a lignotuber and its slow growth seems to hinder the cultivation of this species and wild harvesting is likely to continue. Species distribution modelling indicated that C. intermedia has a climate envelope that spans from the Eastern Cape to the Western Cape along the Cape Fold mountains. This regional distribution is threatened under future climate change scenarios with a range loss and shift identified for climate conditions predicted for 2050. More specifically, its niche was identified as south-facing slopes with sandy to loamy sand soils and water holding capacity that is higher than the surrounding areas. Some keystone Fynbos species were found to share this niche: Leucadendron salignum, Leucospermum cuneiforme, Protea neriifolia, Protea repens, Elegia filacea and Rhodocoma fruticosa. Cyclopia intermedia grows throughout the summer with flowering buds developing in autumn. These enlarge during winter with the flowers opening in early spring. Pods develop in November and seed set occurs during December. Harvesting plants increases their fecundity with cut plants producing more than twice the number of pods and seeds compared to their non-harvested counterparts. This is because resprouting plants produce more flowering stems than uncut plants. Controlled harvesting or localised short-cycle burning could be considered as a management option to improve fecundity of declining Cyclopia intermedia populations in protected areas. C. intermedia harvesting could occur every third year and stem colour was identified as a measure of harvest maturity. Where at least 30 percent of the population has orange (RHS colour 163A) stems the population is suitable for harvesting.
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Books on the topic "Edible Wild plants"

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Carter, Constance. Edible wild plants. Washington, D.C. 101 Independence Ave., S.E., Washington 20540-4750): Science Reference Section, Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress, 1996.

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Sánchez-Mata, María de Cortes, and Javier Tardío, eds. Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7.

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Cvancara, Alan M. Edible wild plants and herbs. Camden, Me: Ragged Mountain Press/McGraw-Hill, 2001.

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Chandra, Veena. Edible plants of forestry origin. Dehra Dun: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, 1997.

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Teketay, Demel. Edible wild plants in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University Press, 2010.

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Ruffo, Christopher K. Edible wild plants of Tanzania. Nairobi, Kenya: Regional Land Management Unit/Sida, 2002.

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Das, Paushali. Wild edible plants of Tripura tribes. Agartala: Tripura Tribal Cultural Research Institute & Museum, Govt. of Tripura, 1997.

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Det, Paulus Amin. Edible wild plants in Sarawak. Kuching, Sarawak: Research Division, Department of Agriculture Sarawak, 2013.

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Meuninck, Jim. Edible wild plants and useful herbs. Guilford, Connecticut: Falcon Guides, an imprint of Globe Pequot Press, 2013.

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Clements, Steve. Harvesting and marketing edible wild plants. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Edible Wild plants"

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Torija-Isasa, María Esperanza, and María Cruz Matallana-González. "A Historical Perspective of Wild Plant Foods in the Mediterranean Area." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 3–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_1.

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Barros, Lillian, Patricia Morales, Ana Maria Carvalho, and Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira. "Antioxidant Potential of Wild Plant Foods." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 209–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_10.

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Di Venere, Donato, Maria Antonia Gatto, Antonio Ippolito, and Vito V. Bianco. "Antimicrobial Potential of Wild Edible Herbaceous Species." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 233–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_11.

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Heinrich, Michael, Sarah Kerrouche, and Kawaldeep Singh Bharij. "Recent Advances in Research on Wild Food Plants and Their Biological–Pharmacological Activity." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 253–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_12.

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Tardío, Javier, María de Cortes Sánchez-Mata, Ramón Morales, María Molina, Patricia García-Herrera, Patricia Morales, Carmen Díez-Marqués, et al. "Ethnobotanical and Food Composition Monographs of Selected Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 273–470. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_13.

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Sánchez-Mata, Daniel, and Ramón Morales. "The Mediterranean Landscape and Wild Edible Plants." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 15–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_2.

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Łuczaj, Łukasz, and Andrea Pieroni. "Nutritional Ethnobotany in Europe: From Emergency Foods to Healthy Folk Cuisines and Contemporary Foraging Trends." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 33–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_3.

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Tardío, Javier, and Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana. "Ethnobotanical Analysis of Wild Fruits and Vegetables Traditionally Consumed in Spain." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 57–79. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_4.

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Molina, María, Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana, and Javier Tardío. "Natural Production and Cultivation of Mediterranean Wild Edibles." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 81–107. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_5.

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Sánchez-Mata, María de Cortes, María Cruz Matallana-González, and Patricia Morales. "The Contribution of Wild Plants to Dietary Intakes of Micronutrients (I): Vitamins." In Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants, 111–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3329-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Edible Wild plants"

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Ozola, Baiba, Ingrida Augspole, and Mara Duma. "Pigments content in different processed edible wild plants." In Baltic Conference on Food Science and Technology “FOOD. NUTRITION. WELL-BEING”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Food Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/foodbalt.2019.051.

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Luković, Milica, and Jovan Nićiforović. "INCREASED DEMANDS FOR NATURAL IMMUNO- BOOSTERS IN SELECTED TOURISM AREAS." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21366ml.

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Rural areas have been facing distinctive challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. As in other parts of the world, in the Republic of Serbia noticed movement of people from places with high concentration of settlements, like cities, into less densely populated communities. Searching for rural, natural, wild areas far away from cities, tourists made different pressures on local environment (sound, litter, pressure on natural resources, pollution) but also increased demands for healthier way of living in accordance with World Health Organization recommendation during the Covid 19 period. Besides a clear environment, they would like to enjoy locally produced food and wild edible plants as a source of minerals, vitamins and other functional substances for strengthening immunity. Using standard botanical questionnaire, the research was conducted in selected rural areas with the aim to create a list of the most wanted wild edible plants by tourists and to overview their potential contribution to immune system strengthening in the COVID-19 pandemic period.
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Jancic, Dejan, Danijela Sukovic, Jelena Resetar, and Marko Nikolic. "Nutritional Composition, Biologically Active Substances and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Edible Wild Plants from Montenegro." In European Nutrition Conference. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091180.

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Benoit, L., É. Olmedo, and B. Chen. "23. Eco-anthropological tools to improve food self-sufficiency through the use of wild edible plants." In EurSafe 2021. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-915-2_23.

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Calinao, Victor, Phoebe Joanne Go, Melvin Cabatuan, and Edwin Sybingco. "Image Classification of Edible Wild Plants in the Philippines using Deep Convolutional Neural Network on Mobile Platform." In TENCON 2023 - 2023 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322310.

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Suwardi, Adi Bejo, Syamsuardi Syamsuardi, Erizal Mukhtar, and Nurainas Nurainas. "Wild edible fruit plants used as food by the Talang Mamak tribe in Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park, Indonesia." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE (ICECS) 2022: The Use of Innovative Technology in Accelerating Problems Sustainable Development. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0207831.

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Jundt, Emily, Kaustav Majumder, and Bijesh Maharjan. "Does Soil Nutrient Management with Nitrogen Fertilizer Increase Protein Content in Leguminous Plants." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/qgrx4847.

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Dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are leguminous plants and are an excellent source of dietary proteins. Great Northern (GN) beans are a market class of dry edible beans and a major agricultural commodity in Nebraska. Soil nutrient management with nitrogen (N) fertilizer can enhance bean production by increasing N uptake, potentially improving protein quantity, and resulting in a potential economic benefit to bean farmers. Thus, this experiment aims to evaluate and optimize the effects of N treatment on yield, total protein, and soluble protein in GN beans. Seven treatments were tested, consisting of two controls and 5 treatments of urea at different rates. This field trial used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) structure, with four replications per treatment. GN beans were planted in May 2021, fertilized in June, and harvested in September 2021. Yield was calculated, total protein content was measured via the Dumas method, and soluble protein content was analyzed by Lowry’s protein estimation method. Bean yield linearly increased with fertilizer N rate. Bean yield ranged from 3260 lbs/ac at 0 lbs N/ac to 3710 lbs/ac at 125 lbs N/ac. Results also showed that both total and soluble protein content in GN beans linearly increased with applied N rate. The urea treatment at a rate of 100 and 125 lbs /ac increased the total protein content by 1.0 and 2.9%, respectively. Soluble protein content increased by 1.2 and 1.8% when urea was applied at rates of 100 and 125 lbs/ac, respectively. As the demand for plant-based protein continues to grow, it brings a large market for legume proteins that can be optimized with N management. The use of N management to enhance the bean quality by increasing total and soluble protein will add more economic value to the GN beans and benefit the bean growers.
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Paine, Alan. "Improving the Efficiency and Capacity of Edible Oil Refineries." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/eaup8434.

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It is often possible to improve the efficiency of edible oil refineries by making adjustments without any capital investment or by adding equipment that has a quick payback. As a starting point it is important to establish the current state of any plant and what it can do. Careful monitoring of the process will set a benchmark against which improvements can be measured.Simple measures such as changing the way that acid is added to the oil can potentially reduce the amount of acid required and reduce losses.In bleaching the use of silica and filter aids including diatomaceous earth and cellulose can improve the performance of filters and extend the life of filter leaves before cleaning is required.Deodorizing requires a compromise between the high temperatures required to remove volatile components and color in the oil, and the risk of forming process contaminants including trans isomers, glycidyl esters (GE) and monochloropropandiol (MCPD) esters. Raising the deodorizing temperature reduces the amount of steam per ton of oil required to remove the volatile components and can allow the production rate to be raised at the same time without always creating excessive amounts of contaminants.
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Strugova, Galina Nikolaevna, and Natalia Rudolfovna Sungurova. "Landscaping of the territory of preschool educational institutions as an important factor in the development and upbringing of children." In III All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation "Science, technology, society: Environmental engineering for sustainable development of territories". Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/nto.3.2022.6.710-716.

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Landscaping and landscaping of preschool educational institutions (pre-school) performs various functions: recreational, aesthetic, protective, cognitive, developmental, wellness, camouflage. The territory adjacent to the kindergarten should be safe for children, have a good rest and proper development. And first of all, green spaces will contribute to this: trees, shrubs, flower crops and herbaceous vegetation. Landscaping of the territory of preschool educational institutions is an important and responsible task assigned to landscape architects, since it is necessary to strictly comply with all regulatory requirements for specialized objects of landscape architecture. Plants containing poisonous and toxic substances in their organs, small edible stone fruits, thorns and thorns, species that can cause allergic reactions should not be used. The space in which a child develops largely determines the future worldview, lays the foundations of a careful attitude to nature, forms aesthetic taste.
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de Greyt, Wim. "Requirements and Solutions for the Pretreatment of  HVO Feedstocks." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ghem2777.

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Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO) and Hydoprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) are premium quality biofuels that are produced via hydrotreatment of renewable (waste) feedstocks from vegetable and animal origin. HVO/HEFA production is increasing rapidly worldwide and this is supported by several growth drivers. HVO/HEFA has a better functionality compared to classical biodiesel based on fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)  and it is fully compatible with mineral diesel. HVO/HEFA fractions can also be used as sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). All major (European) airlines have recently announced that they will start using increasing volumes of SAF on voluntary basis in anticipation of a future compulsory SAF proportion. Initially, HVO was mainly produced from food-grade oils (e.g. palm oil, soybean oil). However for sustainability but also economical & political reasons, producers are increasingly looking for alternative (lower quality – non food) feedstocks such as UCO, waste animal fats, by-products from edible/technical oil refining, distillation pitches and even non-glyceride feedstocks. Independent of the applied technology, all HVO feedstocks need to be pre-treated before they can enter the hydrotreatment process. Specific pre-treated feedstock specifications depend on the HVO technology provider. In general, the pre-treatment is necessary to remove impurities such as P and metals but also nitrogen and chlorine containing components in order to increase the HVO catalyst life time and to avoid corrosion problems in the plant. Pre-treatment of ‘good quality’ feedstocks (vegetable oils, used cooking oils, some animal fats) is pretty straightforward and can be accomplished by a series of processes that are already known from the edible oil refining processes. Proper pre-treatment of lower quality feedstocks is much more challenging and requires a more complex, multi-stage process that consists of a series of dedicated unit operations. HVO/HEFA producers are very interested in such efficient pre-treatment processes as their availability and industrial applicability will finally determine if/to which extend a given low quality feedstock can be used which will directly impact the economical viability of their HVO plant.
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Reports on the topic "Edible Wild plants"

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Aryal, Kamal, Aung Thu Moe, Pyae Phyoe Hein, Yin Htan Sin Bay, Thein Htay, Htet Wai Aung, Bandana Shakya, Yang Xuefei, and Yi Shaoliang. Wild and noncultivated edible plants and their contribution to local livelihoods in Putao, Myanmar. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.780.

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Aryal, Kamal, Aung Thu Moe, Pyae Phyoe Hein, Yin Htan Sin Bay, Thein Htay, Htet Wai Aung, Bandana Shakya, Yang Xuefei, and Yi Shaoliang. Wild and noncultivated edible plants and their contribution to local livelihoods in Putao, Myanmar. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.780.

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Farazi, Mena, Michael Houghton, Margaret Murray, and Gary Williamson. Systematic review of the inhibitory effect of extracts from edible parts of nuts on α-glucosidase activity. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0061.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this review is to examine inhibitory effect of functional components in extracts from edible nuts on α-glucosidase activity. At the end of this review the following questions will be addressed by summarizing data of in-vitro studies: which nut extract has the strongest inhibitory effect? Which functional component (e.g. polyphenols) has the strongest inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase? Are there any differences between inhibition of α-glucosidase from different sources (e.g. yeast and mammalian)? Condition being studied: Any papers looking at inhibition of α-glucosidase activity (a carbohydrate digestive enzyme; includes sucrase, maltase and isomaltase activities) by extracts of edible parts of nut will be included in this review. Papers looking at other parts of nut plants and other enzymes will be excluded.
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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5

Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695883.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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