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1

Biellmann, Thomas. "Edifices porphyrine-diaryléthène : synthèses et propriétés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF021/document.

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Visant des applications en électronique moléculaire, de nouveaux édifices moléculaires combinant quatre dithiényléthènes (DTEs) et une porphyrine ont été synthétisés par de nouvelles voies de synthèse. Les études en solution par photochimie ou spectroélectrochimie des édifices tetraDTEs-porphyrine métallée ou base livre ont montré l’efficacité (62-88 pourcent) des photochromes en tant qu’interrupteurs et la possibilité de lire l’état des DTEs par la fluorescence de la porphyrine. Pour mieux comprendre les interactions électroniques DTEs- porphyrines, des édifices plus simples, bis(porphyrine)DTE, déjà partiellement étudiés dans la littérature, ont été explorés. L’ensemble de ces études à mis en évidence l’impact des métaux sur la capacité photochromique des édifices dithiényléthène – porphyrine
The main purpose of this thesis was the synthesis of new molecular structures, combining dithienylethenes and porphyrins, for applications in molecular electronics and spintronic. Metallated and free base porphyrins bearing four DTEs were characterizes and studied in solution by photochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry. The efficiency of switching of our systems reach 88 percent and strong quenching porphyrin’s fluorescence was reported. New synthetic pathways were investigated to prepare a broader scope of tetraDTEs-porphyrin derivatives. Moreover, to better understand the electronic communications between DTEs and porphyrins, a simpler bis(porphyrin)DTE molecular structure was synthetized and studied. These studies demonstrated showed the important role of the metal on photochromic behavior of dithienylethene – porphyrin architectures
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2

Bonnery, André. "Narbonne paleochretienne. Les edifices du culte." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR20011.

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L'ouvrage traite des origines chretiennes de narbonne, par la connaissance des edifices du culte qui ont laisse des traces materielles sur le sol, ou a travers les monuments graves conserves dans les musees de la ville. Il etudie d'abord le martyrium du premier eveque qui evangelisa la cite dans le cours du iiie siecle, paul, et il montre le developpement du culte qui s'instaura autour de son tombeau des la fin du ive siecle. La question delicate de l'implantation de la cathedrale du ive siecle est ouverte par l'examen d'une basilique a chevet quadrangulaire et de son baptistere en crypte. Les caracteristiques architecturales du monument revelent des influences syriennes. La relecture de l'inscription dedicatoire de l'eveque rusticus, l'etude des documents ecrits relatifs a l'ancienne cathedrale et l' examen des vestiges archeologiques encore en place, permettent de mieux connaitre la cathedrale edifiee a l'interieur des murs, au ve siecle. Grace aux sources litteraires et aux monuments epigraphiques, on situe les eglises du suburbium. La basilique des saints marcel et saturnin revele l'antiquite du culte des martyrs africains. La basilique saint-felix fut erigee pour honorer les reliques du martyr de gerone. Au temps des wisigoths, elle devint la cathedrale des ariens. L'autel de minerve qui en provient sans doute donne l'occasion de definir l'une des plus anciennes typologies de mensae dans la region septimano-catalane. Un dernier monument est analyse, il s'agit d'un edicule qui reproduit fidelement le tombeau de jesus apres les amenagements qu'il recut au temps de constantin. Ainsi, a travers les edifices du culte qu'elle a dresses, durant les premiers siecles, on percoit les diverses influences qui se sont exercees sur la communaute chretienne de narbonne
The book deals with the christian origins of narbonne, through the knowledge of the cult monuments that have left material marks on the ground, or trough the engraved monuments kept in the museums of the town. It first studies the martyrium of the first bishop, paul, who evangelized the city in the course of the third century, and its shows the development of the cult that was organized around his tomb, as soon as the end of the fourth century. The difficult question of the situation of the fourth century cathedral is opened by the exam of a basilica with quadrangular chevet and of its baptistry in crypt. The architectural features of the monument particularly revealed syrian influences. A new reading of the dedicarory inscription of bishop rusticus, the study of the written documents about the ancient cathedral and the exam of architectural traces still existing, allow to know the ecclesia built inside the wall, in the fifth century. Thanks to the litterary sources and to the epigraphic monuments, the churches of suburbium can be situated. Saint marcel and saturnin basilica witnesses, with its reliquary, the ancientness of the worship for african martyrs. Saint felix basilica was stood up to honor the relics of the martyr of gerone. At the time of wisigoths it be came the cathedral for arians. The altar of minerve which comes from it, probably gives the opportunity to define one of the most ancient typologies of mensae in the septimano-catalan country. A last monument is analysed. It is a little monument which faithfully reproduces jesus'tomb after the improvements done at the time of constantin. So, through the monuments of cult it built during the first centuries, we can see the various impacts on the christian community of narbonne
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3

Michaut, Cécile. "Briques organiques et inorganiques, edifices moleculaires magnetiques." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112535.

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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le domaine des materiaux moleculaires. Dans le chapitre ii, nous decrivons la synthese d'aimants moleculaires proches d'un aimant bidimensionnel obtenu recemment. En changeant le contrecation, le metal central ou le ligand pontant, nous obtenons des aimants a fort champ coercitif ou ayant des proprietes de luminescence grace au cation ru(bipy)3#2+. Les premieres etudes optiques dans la phase ferromagnetique d'un aimant moleculaire sont decrites dans le chapitre iii. Pour cela, la synthese et l'etude magnetique d'un nouveau compose ont ete necessaires. Dans le chapitre iv, nous presentons un dimere fe(mnt)#2-radical qui possede des proprietes magnetiques tres interessantes: le fe(iii) passe de l'etat s=3/2 a l'etat s=1/2 quand la temperature diminue. L'interaction intradimere est antiferromagnetique. Dans le chapitre v, nous decrivons les briques moleculaires utilisees pour batir des edifices moleculaires magnetiques dans lesquels les interactions entre briques ont lieu a travers l'espace. Ces briques sont les radicaux cationiques nitronyl-nitroxyde et les hexacyanures d'ions de transition. Nous expliquons le choix de ces briques en termes de delocalisation et polarisation de spin. Le chapitre vi contient quelque-uns des edifices moleculaires obtenus avec les briques presentees precedemment. Les structures sont tres diverses et les interactions entre radicaux et hexacyanures sont antiferromagnetiques. Dans le chapitre vii, nous decrivons un compose contenant six radicaux, un hexacyanure de fe(iii), co(iii) ou cr(iii) et trois ions iodure. La structure est hexagonale et les proprietes magnetiques sont dues a la coexistence de trois interactions differentes entre les radicaux, et d'une interaction entre l'hexacyanure d'ion de transition et un radical. Des etudes theoriques effectuees sur ce compose indiquent l'existence d'une interaction ferromagnetique a travers l'espace remarquable
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4

Bretosh, Kateryna. "Edifices supramoléculaires fonctionnels : vers des aimants performants." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30287.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse à la problématique du contrôle de l'anisotropie magnétiques dans la conception d'aimants moléculaires, c'est-à-dire d'édifices moléculaires magnétiques. L'anisotropie magnétique manifestée par un ion de métal paramagnétique est directement liée à sa sphère de coordination. Notre étude concerne des ions 3d susceptibles d'exprimer une forte anisotropie dans un environnement de géométrie bipyramide pentagonale. Une famille de complexes heptacoordinés du Fe(II) et du Ni(II), formés avec un ligand azoté macrocyclique pentadente (LN5PhenMe), a été préparée et ses comportements magnétiques étudiés. Tous les complexes sont caractérisés par une anisotropie magnétique axiale (de type Ising) avec un paramètre de levée de dégénérescente en champ nul, D, négatif et pouvant avoisiner -20 cm-1. L'examen de l'incidence des ligands en positions apicales de la sphère de coordination de complexes [FeLN5PhenMeX2] avec X= Cl-, Br- , I-, NCS-, ROH, {Ni(CN)4}2- a révélé des variations de D entre -4 et -17 cm-1. Un phénomène de relaxation lente de l'aimantation avec une barrière d'inversion de Ueff/kB ~ 70 K, a été observé pour les dérivés avec X = Br ou I. Ces dérivés sont aussi ceux dont l'anisotropie magnétiques est la plus forte. Ces complexes ont une structure robuste qui permet de les engager comme unités de construction de composés polynucléaires. L'association avec le composé trans-cyano K[CrLN3O2Ph(CN)2] a conduit à des composés trinucléaires de formulation [{CrLN3O2Ph(CN)2}2MLN5PhenMe] (où M= Fe(II) ou Ni(II)), et aux polymèrex de coordination 1-D [{CrLN3O2Ph(CN)2}MLN5PhenMe][ClO4]n, qui présentent respectivement un comportement magnétique de molécule aimant (SMM) et de chaine aimant (SCM). Ce dernier est le premier exemple formé avec des centres Ni(II) de géométrie bipyramide pentagonale
This thesis deals with the control of magnetic anisotropy in the design of molecule-based magnetic materials. Magnetic anisotropy is highly related to the coordination environment of a metal ion. Herein we focused on 3d metal ions with pentagonal bipyramid coordination spheres that may exhibit a rather large magnetic anisotropy. A series of seven coordinate Fe(II) and Ni(II) complexes formed with a neutral pentadentate cyclic ligand (LN5PhenMe) were synthesized and their magnetic behaviors investigated. They have been found to exhibit axial (Ising-type) magnetic anisotropy with a negative zero-field splitting axial parameter D. Modulation of magnetic anisotropy was studied for Fe(II) complexes with various substituents in axial position (Fe(II)LN5PhenMeX2, where X= Cl-, Br- , I-, NCS-, ROH, {Ni(CN)4}2-) revealing D values spanning from ca -4 to -17 cm-1. Due to the large axial anisotropy induced by heavier halogen atoms in Br and I derivatives, these complexes showed SMM (Single Molecular Magnet) properties with energy barrier Ueff/kB ~ 70 K. These complexes are structurally robust and can be used as building units to form polynuclear systems. Their combination with a related trans-cyano K[CrLN3O2Ph(CN)2] complex allowed the synthesis of trinuclear complexes [{CrLN3O2Ph(CN)2}2MLN5PhenMe] (M= Fe(II) or Ni(II)), and a 1-D coordination polymer [{CrLN3O2Ph(CN)2}MLN5PhenMe][ClO4]n showing respectively, SMM and SCM (Single Chain Magnets) behaviors. The latter is the first example of SCM made with pentagonal bipyramid Ni centers
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5

Matter, Michel. "Les edifices des spectacles en gaule lyonnaise." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR27005.

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Ce corpus est un recensement descriptif des edifices destines aux spectacles dans la province de lyonnaise. Les theatres et amphitheatres, de meme que les edifices dits "theatres amphitheatres" presentant les caracteristiques a la fois de l'un et de l'autre monument, y sont presentes selon un schema qui, outre des mentions litteraires ou epigraphiques eventuelles et dans le cas de vestiges archeologiques conserves, permet une etude typologique prenant en compte la forme de l'aire plane, la place et la structure des batiments de scene, l'existence - ou non - d'entrees laterales et les dispositions generales de la cavea. A la description architecturale succedent des chapitres consacres a la situation du monument dans l'environnement urbanistique, a ses phases de construction et - le cas echeant - de reconstruction ainsi qu'a sa periode d'occupation. Une synthese tente de degager les constantes typologiques pour chaque categorie de monuments
The thesis is a descriptive census of theatres and amphitheatres in the roman province of gallia lugdunensis. These monuments, as well as the so-called "theatres-amphitheatres" with characteristics of both buildings, are presented here according to a schema which, besides literary or epigraphical references and in the case of preserved archaeological remains, allows a typological study taking account of the form of the orchestra, the place and the structure of the scene-buildings, the eventual existence of lateral entrances and the general disposition of the cavea. The architectural description is followed by chapters devoted to the urban position of the monument, to the phases of its construction -or reconstruction-, in the same way as to the periods of its occupation. A synthesis attempts to draw the typological features for each category of monuments
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6

Andreiadis, Eugen Sorin. "Edifices luminescents à base de lanthanides pour l'opto-électronique." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10050.

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Les complexes luminescents de lanthanides font l'objet d'une recherche importante dans le domaine de l'opto-électronique du fait de couleur pure et de rendements quantiques importants. Le développement de nouveaux chelates spécifiquement adaptés pour des applications opto-électroniques reste cependant un domaine moins développé par rapport à d'autres applications. Le but de ce travail est d'accéder à de nouvelles possibilités de synthèse dans le domaine des émetteurs moléculaires à base de lanthanides pour l'opto-electronique ; ceci, en concevant de nouveaux ligands adaptés à la complexation de ces métaux et l'étude des propriétés optiques des complexes formés. A cette fin nous avons synthétisés et étudiés une série de ligands basés sur des motifs terpyridine-, bipyridine- et pyridine-tetrazole. Divers substituants ont été ajoutés afin de moduler les propriétés électroniques de ces molécules avec, pour résultats, l'obtention de fortes efficacités lumineuses pour certains de ces complexes tant dans le visible que le proche infrarouge. Les effets induits par l'ajout des divers subtituants sur leurs propriétés photophysiques ont été clairement démontré. De plus, nous avons également synthétisés et testé en couche active de dispositifs OLED une nouvelle classe de complexes neutres complétées par des unités dicétonates. Nous avons par ailleurs explorés la sensibilisation des ions lanthanides par l'intermédiaire de complexes de métaux de transition d. Pour cela nous avons conçus une nouvelle architecture hétéro-métallique d-f où le complexe d'iridium est employé comme antenne. Finalement, nous avons étudiés les processus de transfert d'énergie par mesures de luminescence
Luminescent lanthanide complexes are receiving a large interest for their applications in the field of optoelectronics, as a result of their pure colors and high emission efficiencies. However, the development of new lanthanide chelates for optoelectronic devices has lagged behind that of other applications, and only a limited number of architectures have been tested. The aim of this work is to access new synthetic possibilities in the area of lanthanide emitters for optoelectronics, by designing specific ligands and studying the properties of their lanthanide complexes, considering their applications for solid state devices. To achieve this aim, we have designed, synthesized and studied the complexation of lanthanides by a series of ligands based on the terpyridine-, bipyridine- and pyridine-tetrazole motifs, appended with substituents having various electronic effects. The resulting complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR and luminescence studies. The emission efficiencies are very high in some cases, both in the visible and in the NIR region, demonstrating the clear influence of tuning the ligand structure on the photophysical properties of the final lanthanide complexes. Furthermore, we have synthesized, characterized and tested in OLED devices a new class of neutral complexes completed by β-diketonate units. Finally, in order to explore the sensitization of lanthanide ions by d-metal complexes, we have designed and synthesized, based on our previous studies, a new specific heterometallic architecture containing iridium complexes as lanthanide antennas, and we have investigated by luminescence measurements the energy transfer processes
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7

Huang, Gang. "Synthesis, crystallographic and magnetic studies of lanthanide-based molecular edifices." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0008/document.

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Les molécules-aimants ou Single–Molécule Magnets (SMM) ont attiré une attention croissante au cours des dernières années en raison de leur potentiel attrayant en tant que dispositifs de stockage magnétique à haute densité. Beaucoup d'efforts ont été faits pour améliorer la performance magnétique de ces molécules à l’aide des techniques de chimie de coordination.Dans cette thèse, le travail est organisé en deux parties principales. La première partie est constituée des chapitres 2 et 3 qui se concentrent principalement sur les familles Lanthanide-radicaux zéro- et mono-dimensionnelles. La deuxième partie contient les chapitres 4 et 5, ou des ligands diamagnétiques sont utilisés afin concevoir des matériaux multifonctionnels.Dans la première partie, neuf radicaux TEMPO-R (R représente le substituant) sont utilisés. Leur structure cristalline, ainsi que leurs propriétés magnétiques ont été caractérisées. Dans le chapitre 2, quatre radicaux (TEMPO-OCH3, TEMPO-NH2 TEMPO-Acetamido et TEMPO-OCH2CCH) sont utilisés pour synthétiser des complexes zéro-dimensionnels, dont trois présentent des propriétés de SMM. Dans le cas particulier de TEMPO-OCH3, un très rare comportement de SMM avec lanthanides légers est observé (CeIII, PrIII et NdIII). La première SMM à base de PrIII est ainsi reportée. Dans le chapitre 3, l'objectif est de concevoir des SMM organisés mono-dimensionnellement dans l’empilement cristallin. Cinq autres radicaux sont utilisés: TEMPO-Méthacrylate, TEMPO-OCOPh, TEMPO-oxo, TEMPO-OH et TEMPO-CN. Parmi toutes les chaînes obtenues, [Pr(hfac)3(H2O)(TEMPO-OH)]n (17), [Dy(hfac)3-TEMPO-OH)]n (18) et [Tb(hfac)TEMPO-CN)]n (22) sont identifiés comme SMM. 22 présente la relaxation magnétique la plus lente parmi tous les SMM 4f-2p obtenues dans cette thèse, avec une d'hystérèse magnétique à basse température. Son analogue à base GdIII (23) présente une des plus grandes valeurs d'échange dans les composés de Gd-2p. Enfin un très rare exemple de réseau bidimensionnel 4f-2p de formule [(Ce(hfac)3)3(Oxo-TEMPO)4]n (15) est obtenu. Dans la deuxième partie, une chaine de dimère est obtenue par réaction d'un ligand carboxylique photo-commutable avec des sels d’ions LnIII. La photo-sensibilité du ligand sous irradiation UV a été testée et des mesures magnétiques en solution ont été entreprises. En outre, un composé de type Metal-Organic-Framework (MOF) présentant un comportement de SMM de {[Dy2(o-PDA)3(H2O)2]2H2O}n (28) a été conçu et caractérisé. Une interaction ferromagnétique Ln-Ln a été observée dans ce MOF-SMM et le dopage diamagnétique démontre que, contrairement à ce qui est observé sur [Ln(AZO)3(DMSO)(H2O)]2•4DMSO, cette interaction favorise le comportement de SMM
Single-molecule-magnet (SMM) has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their appealing potential for high-density storage devices. Much effort has been made to improve the magnetic performance through flexible coordination chemistry strategy.In this thesis, the work is organized in two main parts. The first part is constituted of chapter 2 and chapter 3, primarily focus on the Ln-Radical families aiming at designing zero-dimensional and one-dimensional single-molecule-magnet (SMM). The second part contains chapter 4 and chapter 5, in which the ligands are replaced by diamagnetic ones for the purpose of designing the multifunctional materials.In the first part, nine TEMPO-R (R represents the substituent) radicals are employed to construct zero-dimensional and one-dimensional complexes. These kinds of compounds were prepared by reactions in the dichloromethane/n-heptane co-solvents between the precursor [Ln(hfac)3(H2O)2] and TEMPO radicals. Subsequently their molecular structure as well as magnetic properties have been characterized and described. In chapter 2, four radicals (TEMPO-OCH3, TEMPO-NH2 TEMPO-Acetamido and TEMPO-OCH2CCH) are used to synthesize monometallic or dimetallic complexes, among which three are successful to construct the SMM. For the special case of TEMPO-OCH3 a rare light lanthanide ions (CeIII, PrIII and NdIII) SMM behavior is reported. The PrIII derivative is the first PrIII-based SMM ever reported. In chapter 3, the target is to design SMM in one dimension by using another five radicals: TEMPO-Methacrylate, TEMPO-OCOPh, TEMPO-oxo, TEMPO-OH and TEMPO-CN. Among all the chains, [Pr(hfac)3(H2O)(TEMPO-OH)]n (17), [Dy(hfac)3-TEMPO-OH)]n (18) and [Tb(hfac)3(TEMPO-CN)]n (22) are identified as chains of SMM. 22 exhibits the slowest magnetic relaxation among all the 4f-2p SMMs obtained in this thesis, with a small opening of magnetic hysteresis. Its analogue of [Gd(hfac)3(TEMPO-CN)]n (23) even exhibits one of the largest exchange values in Gd-2p compounds. Last a very rare example of bidimensional 4f-2p network of formula [(Ce(hfac)3)3(Oxo-TEMPO)4]n (15) is obtained.In chapter 4, the salt of a photo-switchable carboxylic ligand was reacted with LnIII ions to afford a chain-like arrangement of dinuclear complexes of formula [Ln(AZO)3(DMSO)(H2O)]2•4DMSO. Photo-sensitivity of the ligand under the irradiation of UV has been tested together with magnetic measurements in solution. In chapter 5, a Metal-Organic-Framework (MOF) (28) has been designed and characterized. Ln-Ln ferromagnetic interaction has been observed and diamagnetic doping highlight that, contrary to what observed on [Ln(AZO)3(DMSO)(H2O)]2•4DMSO, this interaction promote SMM behavior in a so-called MOF-SMM
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8

McLean, Charlotte Elizabeth. "Shallow magmatic plumbing systems and edifices of monogenetic volcanic fields." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8418/.

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Magmatic plumbing systems of monogenetic volcanic fields comprise an interconnected network of sills, dykes and inclined sheets; however, the morphology, distribution and emplacement mechanisms of these shallow plumbing systems are often overlooked due to the lack of observable field data. Using seismic data provides an opportunity to understand these systems and integrate seismic-scale features with macro-scale observations from the field. Using a seismic dataset from the Faroe-Shetland Basin, NW Scotland, the Ben Nevis Monogenetic Volcanic Field (BNVF), this research provides an insight into how monogenetic volcanic fields are fed, and how the distribution of edifices can be primarily influenced by the structure of the substrate. By comparing the seismic data with field observations from three separate field studies, this research focuses in on the shallow, ductile zone (< 1 km) between the feeding intrusion(s) and the volcanic edifice, in order to determine the processes that occur during emplacement at a sub-seismic scale. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the features of very shallow plumbing systems (< 200 m) within a variety of water-saturated settings, including: passive and dynamic peperite (blocky and fluidal); R-T structures; clastogenic dykes; gas cavities; slurry cavities; protopillows and subsurface pillows; volcaniclastic injectites; and magma lobes and fingers. The range of features displayed within the four case studies demonstrates that a variety of processes affect the emplacement of magma in the ductile zone. These processes include: (1) exploiting preferential horizons by host-rock fluidisation; (2) exploiting boundaries in the host-rock by the rotation of principal stresses; (3) explosive magmatic degassing; (4) cooling–contraction fragmentation; (5) explosions caused by rapid vapourisation of porewater; (6) a variety of molten fuel-coolant interactions (non-explosive to highly explosive); and (7) density contrasts. Monogenetic volcanic fields and their plumbing systems have been identified in reflective seismic data in exploratory offshore sedimentary basins (e.g. Southern Australia Margin and the NE Atlantic Margin). This research presents unprecedented quantitative analysis of the thermal influence of diatremes using a range of techniques (vitrinite reflectance analysis, Raman spectroscopy and fluid inclusion techniques) to produce local isothermal models of the host-rock surrounding diatremes. This aims to provide a better understanding of the overall thermal effect of monogenetic plumbing systems on reservoir porosity and permeability, and source maturity.
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9

CLEMENCEAU, ROBERT. "Les edifices religieux du departement de l'herault au xixeme siecle." Montpellier 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON30038.

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En 1801 02, les edifices religieux du departement de l'herault se trouvaient dans un etat deplorable. Sur pres de 400 eglises encore ouvertes au culte public regulier, pres de 60% etaient en mauvais ou tres mauvais etat et la quasi totalite des temples n'existaient plus. Une premiere partie montre comment a evolue cette situation de la signature de concordat (1801 02) a la separation des eglises et de l'etat (1905 06), compte tenu des dispositions legislatives et administratives applicables, et des difficultes, notamment financieres, rencontrees par les fabriques, les consistoires et les communes dans la realisation de leurs projets. Une seconde partie est consacree a la presentation detaillee des operations qui ont marque l'evolution generale des edifices religieux au cours du siecle: constructions ou reconstructions; remaniements; travaux de gros entretien visant a en assurer la conservation. Une derniere partie presente les hommes qui ont pris part a la mise en oeuvre des projets aux differents niveaux administratifs et sociaux: initiateurs (fabriques, consistoires ou communes); concepteurs (architec -tes); realisateurs (entrepreneurs)- et met en lumiere les rapports qu' ils ont eu les uns avec les autres ainsi qu'avec les autorites superieures
In 1801 02, religious buildings in the "departement" were in a bad state of disrepair. Nearly 60% of churches that had been kept open for regular public worship were in a state of utter decrepitude; there was no protestant church left. The first part of the thesis is an outline of the general evolution, from the signing of the concordat in 1801 02 to the separation of church and state in 1905 06, taking into account relevant legislative and admi nistrative measures throughout the century and the difficulties, espe cially financial difficulties, that the various fabrics, church and local councils had to face in the pursuit of their projects for reconstruction the second part deals, at greater length, with the various events that form the backbone of this general evolution, such as building or rebuil ding of churches, improvements and alterations, heavy works to preserve the very existence of the buildings concerned. The last part is devoted to the men who carried out the actual rebuil ding, either as initiators or as planners and contractors, and insists on the relationships they entertained with one another as well as with the higher authorities of church and state
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Delample, Mathieu. "Edifices supramoléculaires dans le glycérol : caractérisation et application en catalyse." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Delample-Mathieu/2010-Delample-Mathieu-These.pdf.

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Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du développement durable au travers de l'utilisation du glycérol en tant que solvant. L'objectif est de montrer qu'il peut servir de solvant soit, pour l'obtention d'agrégats de tensioactifs (solvant cohésif) ainsi que d'émulsions au contact d'une phase organique, soit pour la réalisation d'une catalyse dans des conditions peu usuelles (forte température d'ébullition et faible pression de vapeur saturante). L'objectif de la première partie consiste en l'étude des propriétés d'agrégation en utilisant des acides gras comme tensioactifs. En changeant la nature du contre ion, ces molécules offrent un large polymorphisme d'agrégats. Ainsi, nous décrivons dans le glycérol, l'obtention de micelles, de vésicules ou encore de tubes. Ces assemblages présentent la particularité d'être de plus petite taille comparativement à l'eau. Ces systèmes ont ensuite été utilisés dans la formation de phases cristal liquide ou d'émulsions en présence d'hexadécane. Dans une deuxième partie, de manière à développer des procédés catalytiques sélectifs dans le glycérol, nous avons synthétisé des agrotensioactifs dérivés de sucres (aminopolysaccharides). Ces derniers sont capables de (i) contourner la faible solubilité des substrats organiques dans le glycérol et de (ii) limiter la réactivité intrinsèque du glycérol, grâce à la formation de domaines hydrophobes. Dans l'une des réactions modèles étudiées (couplage de Heck), il est possible, par effet de température, de contrôler la sélectivité de la réaction ce qui permet d’envisager la synthèse de composés à plus haute valeur ajouté. L'extraction sélective des produits formés dans le glycérol a ensuite été étudiée en utilisant le CO2 supercritique puisque la solubilité du glycérol dans ce solvant est relativement faible
This PhD work deals with the use of glycerol as a green and sustainable solvent. The main objective is to show that glycerol can be used as a solvent first, to obtain supramolecular buildings (cohesive solvent) and emulsions using an organic phase and then, to develop a catalysis in unconventional conditions (high boiling point and low vapour pressure). The first part consists in the study of aggregation properties using fatty acids as surfactants. By changing the nature of the counter-ion, these molecules allow producing various supramolecular assemblies such as micelles, vesicles and even tubes. In glycerol these aggregates show a smaller size compared to water. Those dispersions were then used in the formation of liquid crystal phases and emulsions with hexadecane as the oil component. In a second part, in order to develop selective catalytic processes in glycerol, we have synthesized new sugar-based surfactants. They are capable to (i) circumvent the low solubility of organic substrates in glycerol and (ii) limit the intrinsic reactivity of glycerol through the formation of hydrophobic domains. In one model reactions studied (Heck coupling), it is possible, by a control of temperature, to change the reaction selectivity. This allows us to envisage the synthesis of more valuable products. The selective extraction of the products formed in glycerol has been studied using supercritical CO2 mainly because the glycerol is poorly soluble in this solvent
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11

Matter, Michel. "Les Edifices des spectacles en Gaule lyonnaise, Ier-Ve s." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375949502.

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12

Scott, Evelyn D. "The consequences of episodic magma supply for mature Martian volcanic edifices." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274241.

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13

Reynolds, Peter William. "Monogenetic basaltic edifices : their architecture, volcanology and importance in hydrocarbon basins." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11369/.

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Flood basalt provinces host significant hydrocarbon reserves. The provinces are produced during fissure eruptions which construct volcanic edifices atop an erupting dyke. The edifices are important components of volcanic-affected hydrocarbon basins; they provide insights into the underlying structural and magmatic plumbing systems, as well as acting as fluid migration pathways after burial. Furthermore, the edifices host a wealth of volcanological evidence that can be used to derive information relating to eruption dynamics such as eruption column height, mass flux and duration; as well as providing insights into the effects of eruptions on the environment. However, the location of the fissures in many hydrocarbon basins is poorly constrained. Furthermore, few studies have characterised the internal architecture of the edifices produced during fissure eruptions. This thesis uses field, seismic and well data to characterise the architecture of monogenetic basaltic edifices and understand their temporal and spatial evolution. Field studies along a dissected Holocene fissure, Northeast Iceland, reveal that a scoria-agglutinate cone, spatter ramparts and a scoria rampart were constructed during Hawaiian-style lava fountaining. These edifices are analogous to those formed in the 1783 Laki eruption. Data gathered in this study can be used to recognise fissure-derived edifices in other volcanic provinces. I then contrast these dyke-fed edifices with rootless cones; a morphologically similar volcanic edifice produced during explosive interaction between inflating pāhoehoe lava and unconsolidated sediment. This thesis reveals that rootless cones can be distinguished from dyke-fed edifices on the basis of their juvenile clast morphology and clast density. This allows us to better recognise dyke-proximal locations. Lastly, I use exceptional quality 3D seismic and well data to show how a series of submarine monogenetic volcanoes evolved; progressing from a maar-forming stage, to a pillow volcano and tuff-cone-building stage as the confining pressure decreased above the growing edifices. These insights allow us to distinguish volcanic edifices from similar non-volcanic edifices in other seismic data sets, and also indicates that our understanding of submarine volcanism has previously been biased towards recognition of constructional features.
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14

Jardin, Christophe. "Edifices carbonés et borocarbonés en chimie moléculaire et de l'état solide : étude théorique." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10122.

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Ce manuscrit regroupe un ensemble d'études réalisées sur des édifices carbonés et borocarbonés rencontrés en chimie moléculaire et de l'état solide. Il est divisé en trois parties. La première partie aborde l'étude de l'arrangement structural de borocarbures de métaux de transition de terre rare. Des composés sont présentés dans lesquels les atomes non métalliques forment des chaînes infinies unidimensionnelles ou de taille finie. Leur mode de liaison est analysé de manière qualitative, puis quantitative au moyen des méthodes de Hückel étendue (EH-TB) et de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT). Le mécanisme de la réaction de métathèse d'oléfine catalysée par un complexe carbène est présenté dans la deuxième partie. Les différents mécanismes proposés pour cette réaction ont été étudiés en DFT. Les résultats montrent que l'étape d'initiation est " dissociative ". La prise en compte du solvant de façon explicite est nécessaire pour avoir un bon accord avec les résultats des mesures de cinétique en solution. La troisième partie concerne la structure électronique de composés moléculaires mono-dimésityl-boryles de type " push-pull " et bis-dimésityl-boryles. Un regard particulier est porté à l'influence de différents groupements donneurs et du pont organique sur les fragments accepteurs dimésityl-boryles. Ces composés présentent des propriétés en optique non linéaire avec des hyperpolarisabilités élevées sous l'effet d'un champ électrique. Les hyperpolarisabilités du deuxième ordre ont été évaluées au moyen de méthodes semi-empiriques et ab initio Hartree-Fock.
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15

Lagrost, Corinne. "Electropolymerisation d'heterocycles conjugues en milieu contraint. Synthese et caracterisation de nouveaux edifices supramoleculaires." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077123.

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Dans ce travail, une nouvelle methode d'electrosynthese en milieu contraint, basee sur l'electropolymerisation d'heterocycles conjugues encapsules par une cyclodextrine (hpcd), est developpee dans le cas du bithiophene (bt), du terthiophene (tt) et du bipyrrole (bp). Des etudes spectroscopiques complementaires confirment la formation d'un complexe d'inclusion de stchiometrie 1 : 1, stable en solution. L'etude electrochimique realisee sur le bt et le bp en presence de cyclodextrine montre que le mecanisme d'oxydation est un mecanisme pour lequel la dissociation du complexe precede le transfert electronique heterogene. En revanche, dans le cas d'un transfert homogene, realise par oxydation radiolytique, le transfert d'electrons peut avoir lieu directement sur le complexe grace a l'emploi de petits oxydants. Neanmoins, le couplage des radicaux cations, issus de l'oxydation electrochimique, radiolytique ou photochimique des monomeres encapsules, s'effectue systematiquement hors de la cavite de la cyclodextrine, impliquant une decapsulation du monomere lors du couplage. L'electropolymerisation des complexes bp/hpcd et tt/hpcd conduisent a la formation de films caracterises par l'absence de cyclodextrine au sein des materiaux. Mais alors que les films de polybipyrrole presentent une structure classique de l'electropolymerisation du pyrrole en milieu aqueux, la presence de cyclodextrine semble influencer la structure du produit de l'electropolymerisation du tt pour donner du sexithiophene microstructure. En revanche, la polymerisation electrochimique du bt en presence de hpcd conduit a un polymere composite dans lequel s'inserent irreversiblement, dans des conditions bien specifiques, des molecules de hpcd. Compte tenu de la nature amphiphile des cyclodextrines et hydrophobe des chaines de polybithiophene, une encapsulation partielle des chaines polymeres est proposee, hypothese renforcee par une amelioration nette de la solubilite du materiau ainsi genere.
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16

Leahy, Kevin. "The geology of kimberlites from the Fort a la Corne area, Saskatchewan, Canada." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/283/.

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Kimberlites have been recently discovered beneath 100m of glacial sediment at Fort a la Come, Saskatchewan, Canada. Crater and extra-crater facies have been intersected in borehole core, interstratified with coastal and marine sediments of Cretaceous age. Extra-crater kimberlite is very rare, and particularly well preserved at Fort a la Come. It is encountered in five borehole intersections drilled by Rhonda Mining Corporation, sponsors of the Operation Fish Scale project, which included kimberlite research at the University of Leeds. The regional setting and geological description of six kimberlite borehole intersections are presented. In addition, the broad geodynamic conditions and the stratigraphic context are described, and from these a model for kimberlite eruption is constructed. The kimberlites are then described at a range of scales from stratal thickness and disposition, to ultra-fine diagenetic mineral growth. A textural classification is then applied to the deposits. The volcanology of the Fort a la Cone kimberlites are then discussed: these are unusual in that the craters are preserved, and are broad and flat, rather than steep sided tapering cones. A new term, pateran crater, and process of evolution is proposed for these and other kimberlites of similar morphology. The survival of these volcanic edifices in the sedimentary environment is also considered. The geochemistry of the kimberlites is presented, both bulk rock, and over 450 analyses of individual mineral grains by electron microprobe. These minerals are mostly gamet, ilmenite and pyroxene, of megacryst, kimberlite, crust, mantle peridotite and eclogite origin. The mineral chemistries are compared to those found in other kimberlites around the world, and the nature of the cratonic lithosphere is described. The P-T and compositional characteristics of the lithosphere are further refined from diamond and garnet trace element chemistry in collaborative works with Taylor and Griffin, described herein. Economic aspects of the kimberlites are reviewed, and all the conclusions are presented in time order, from diamond growth in the Archean, crustal evolution in the Mid-Proterozoic, Early Cretaceous magma generation and eruption, to Late Cretaceous reworking and burial.
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17

CAYOL, VALERIE. "Analyse elastostatique tridimensionnelle du champ de deformations des edifices volcaniques par elements frontieres mixtes." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077027.

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Le but de cette these est de proposer et d'appliquer des methodes pour analyser les deplacements mesures sur les volcans. Une methode tridimensionnelle elastostatique basee sur une formulation mixte par elements frontieres est developpee. Cette methode combine la methode des discontinuites de deplacements et la methode directe, permettant ainsi la prise en compte de fractures, de reservoirs magmatiques et de surfaces du sol realistes. Les effets topographiques sur le champ de deplacements de surface sont estimes pour des sources de pressions spheriques. Une etude theorique faite pour des volcans axisymetriques proeminents montre que l'interpretation des deplacements du sol avec des modeles semi-infinis peut conduire a une estimation erronee de la forme de la source de deformation. Pour des pentes moyennes de plus de 20, les inclinaisons de la zone sommitale s'inversent, ce qui peut conduire a interpreter une inflation de la source comme etant une deflation. Des comparaisons avec le modele de mogi montrent que, lorsqu'on neglige la topographie, la surpression de la source est surestimee. La methode tridimensionnelle est ensuite utilisee pour l'interpretation du champ de deformations mesure par interferometrie sar a l'etna lors de l'eruption de 1991-1993. Une deuxieme application concerne l'analyse du champ de deplacements associe a l'eruption de 1983-1984 au piton de la fournaise. L'analyse des deplacements mesure par photogrammetrie indique que les deux phases de cette eruption ont ete alimentees par un seul et meme dyke. La determination des surpression montre que l'edifice a un comportement different a long terme (visquo-plastique) et a court terme (elastique). Ce qui montre que l'interpretation des deformations de surface peut aussi permettre d'ameliorer la connaissance du champ de contraintes regional, et aider ainsi a la prediction
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18

Frapper, Gilles. "Etude theorique de composes moleculaires et de l'etat solide contenant des edifices carbones ou borocarbones." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10033.

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Ce manuscrit est divise en deux parties. La premiere aborde l'etude de la structure electronique de composes organometalliques comportant des ligands carbones, comme l'entite dicarbure c#2 exposee au sein de cages metalliques ou un ligand oligo-yne cc-r-cc non-supporte entre deux centres metalliques. Il est montre que le mode de liaison de l'entite c#2 exposee au sein des composes polymetalliques m#nc#2 (n = 4, 5 et 6) suit tout a fait le modele de donation et retrodonation electroniques de dewar-chatt-ducanson. A la fois l'arrangement de la cage metallique et le mode de coordination de c#2 doivent etre pris en compte pour une description complete de ces clusters organometalliques. Finalement, l'etude de la structure electronique de polymeres organometalliques --(l)#nm-cc-r-cc-#x- comportant un ligand carbone conjugue (r = p-c#6h#4, cc) est abordee. Il est montre que leurs proprietes de conduction electrique dependent de plusieurs parametres comme la nature du metal et son environnement ou la taille de l'edifice carbone conjugue. La deuxieme partie a trait a la comprehension de la liaison dans les borocarbures de terres rares m#xb#yc#z. Apres une analyse cristallochimique de ces materiaux, la relation entre la structure et la concentration electronique de valence autour des atomes legers (cev) est rappelee. Une etude theorique ab initio de systemes moleculaires polyanioniques sert a modeliser les proprietes structurales et electroniques du sous-reseau borocarbone et a demontrer la relation structure/cev. L'etude du modele h#2bcbh#2#4#- permet de decrire et rationaliser l'arrangement structural des feuillets metalloides rencontres dans les phases mb#2c (m = th, u). En particulier, une interpretation orbitalaire permet de comprendre le refus d'hybridation de l'atome central c (sp#2) de l'entite b-c-b. Cette etude est elargie a d'autres systemes isoelectroniques a 18 electrons de valence tels que les modeles h#2xyxh#2#q#- et xyx#q#-. La derniere classe de composes abordee dans cette partie concerne les materiaux m#xb#yc#z contenant des chainons b#nc#m isoles au sein de la trame metallique. L'etude theorique ab initio de ces chainons polyanioniques b#nc#m#q#- permet l'attribution d'une charge q en relation avec les parametres structuraux. Les resultats montrent que ces chainons sont des molecules cumuleniques presentant une succession de liaisons a caractere plutot double
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19

Chaix, Valérie. "Edifices ecclésiaux de la fin du Xème siècle au début du XIIème siècle en Normandie : formes et fonctions." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100143.

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La recherche concerne les édifices ecclésiaux érigés de la fin du Xème jusqu’au milieu du XIIème siècle, en Normandie. Au sein de cet ensemble géographique, une quinzaine d’églises seront étudiées. L’objectif consiste à proposer, dans la mesure du possible, une interprétation fonctionnelle des partis architecturaux – soit, donc, à justifier ces derniers par leurs utilisations liturgiques, funéraires, dévotionnelles diverses et éventuellement à caractère profane. Ainsi sont écartés les aspects architectoniques, esthétiques et symboliques, en raison de leur caractère exclusivement technique, ou au contraire de nature abstraite ; ceux-ci pourront cependant être brièvement signalés, lorsque cela s’avère nécessaire. Dans un premier temps, l’étude s’effectuera édifice par édifice ; pour chaque composante architecturale, il conviendra d’analyser le détail de ses articulations, afin d’en dégager les caractéristiques exactes. Par ailleurs, la lecture approfondie des sources textuelles doit fournir des indices déterminants quant à l’usage qui en était fait. L’ensemble de ce travail permettra donc d’établir une série de monographies rassemblant toutes les informations utiles. En second lieu, on établira une typologie régionale précise des partis architecturaux ; composante par composante, on mènera une étude comparative hors du domaine normand. Chaque synthèse formelle sera suivie d’une synthèse fonctionnelle établie selon les mêmes principes. Enfin, on opérera éventuellement les recoupements qui s’imposent entre les différentes données à notre disposition, pour aboutir à la mise en évidence d’un système de relations privilégiées entre un type de disposition architecturale et une ou des fonctions particulières
This study focuses on ecclesial edifices built between the end of the 9th century and the middle of the 12th century in Normandy. About 15 churches will be thus examined. The purpose of this study is to offer a functional interpretation of architectural designs when possible : they will be analysed according to their liturgical, funeral, religious and even possibly non-religious uses. Architectonic, aesthetic and symbolic aspects will not be taken into account because of their technical or abstract character. However, they will be pointed out if necessary. First, the study will concentrate on the edifices themselves. The articulations between each of their architectural components will be analysed in order to reveal their exact characteristics. A thorough analysis of the written sources will provide significant clues concerning their customary functions. We will then be able to establish a series of monographs gathering all the useful information. Then, we will establish a regional typology of the architectural designs ; we will expand our research out of Normandy in order to make a comparative study of these components. After each formal synthesis, we will make a functional one following the same pattern. Finally, all the collected data will be carefully examined and we will then try to show if there is a system of close associations between a certain type of architectural arrangement and specific uses and functions
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20

Colin, Marie-Geneviève. "Edifices et objets du culte chrétien dans le paysage rural de Novempopulanie (IVe-Xe siècles) : recherches d'archéologie et d'histoire." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20082.

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À partir du recensement et de l'étude comparée des édifices et objets du culte chrétien entre le IVe et le Xe s. , le présent travail s'efforce de mettre en évidence les formes et les modalités de la christianisation progressive des campagnes de Novempopulanie. Dans cette province fortement empreinte de romanité, un premier semis d'églises semble avoir été précocement réalisé dans les bourgades, dès la première moitié du Ve s. Peu après, les riches propriétaires fonciers convertis construisent sur leurs domaines des oratoires privés. La réutilisation d'espaces bâtis antiques, lors de l'implantation de nécropoles ou lors de la fondation d'églises préromanes et romanes, témoigne de la longue durée de fréquentation de certains sites. Une deuxième génération d'édifices cultuels apparaît dans la seconde moitié du VIIe et au VIIIe s. , période au cours de laquelle les relations transpyrénéennes s'affirment nettement. L'architecture et le décor de l'église d'Arnesp à Valentine (Haute-Garonne), inspirés de l'architecture hispano-wisigothique du VIIe s. , sont exemplaires à cet égard. La topographie chrétienne rurale achève de prendre forme avec la multiplication des initiatives monastiques qui marque l'époque carolingienne. Dès lors, toutes les conditions sont réunies pour que puisse se mettre en place la paroisse rurale, au sens médiéval du terme
The present work endeavours to bring to the fore Novempopulanian countryside progressive conversion to Christianity forms and modes, from buildings and Christian liturgical objects between the IVth and the Xth c. In this strongly Romanity borrowing province, a first scattering of churches seems to have been precociously built in the villages from the first half of the Vth c. Rich converted landowners built on the their properties private oratories a short time after. Antique built spaces re-used at the time of necropolis introduction or at the time of preromanesque and romanesque churches foundations, indicates the long establishment time of certain sites. A second cultual building generation appears in the second half of the VIIth and VIIIth c. , during this period the transpyrenean relations assert clearly. Arnesp church architecture and adornment in Valentine (Haute-Garonne french department) inspired by the VIIth c. Hispano-Visigothic architecture, are exemplaries in the spect. The rural Christian topography finishes take shape with the monastic initiative multiplication striking the Carolingian time. All conditions are combined from that time on, so that the rural parish may set according to the medieval term sense
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21

Lamire, Mohammed. "Adaptation de groupements tetraedriques xo4 aux edifices octaedriques : etude structurale des deformations de la charpente et des possibilites d'insertion cationique." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2035.

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Plusieurs types structuraux ont servi de base aux investigations. Dans chaque cas, un compose nouveau a ete synthetise et sa structure etablie par diffraction rx : pwo::(5), bronze monophosphate a tunnels pentagonaux; na::(x)p::(4)w::(14)o::(50), bronze monophosphate a tunnels hexagonaux; ba::(2)p::(8)w::(32)o::(112), bronze diphosphate a tunnels hexagonaux; rb::(x)p::(8)w::(8)o::(40), bronze diphosphate a tunnels octagonaux et deux formes de mo::(4)p::(6)si::(2)o::(25), silicophosphate. La description des coordinences, les calculs de potentiels de sites et l'ecoulement de ces proprietes au sein des cages et des tunnels permettent de prevoir les possibilites d'accueil par insertion cationique
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22

Zhao, Xingcun. "AN EXPLORATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM USING THE BRAND PERSONALITY THEORY: AN EXAMPLE OF THE THREE MEMORIAL EDIFICES OF CONFUCIUS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1558542739608648.

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23

GUILLAUMONT-GUIRAUDEN, AUDE. "Edifices moleculaires realises par l'association de complexes de molybdene et de molecules planes organiques. Relations entre la structure et les proprietes physiques." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112458.

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Nous presentons dans la premiere partie de ce travail la synthese et la caracterisation des sels de tetrabutylammonium des anions fonctionnalises mo#6cl#1#2(ncs)#2#2# et mo#6cl#8(ncs)#6#2# ainsi que la synthese par electrocristallisation et l'etude structurale des sels de radicaux cations de type cscl suivants: (mes)#4-ttf#2mo#6cl#8(ncs)#6, 1 bedt-ttf#2mo#6cl#1#2(ncs)#2, 2. Dans le premier compose, une etude par r. P. E. De l'etat triplet excite thermiquement du dimere organique a permis de mettre en evidence les relations entre ses caracteristiques et l'organisation structurale ainsi que l'environnement moleculaire du dimere a l'etat solide. La deuxieme partie decrit, quant a elle, le developpement d'une nouvelle famille de sels a transfert de charge realises par l'association du complexe binucleaire de molybdene ((c#5h#5)mosc#2h#4s)#2 et d'un accepteur plan organique. Nous presentons la structure du sel de tetrafluoroborate du radical cation, ((c#5h#5)mosc#2h#4s)#2bf#4, 3 ainsi que la synthese et l'analyse structurale des sels a transferts de charge suivants: ((c#5h#5)mosc#2h#4s)#2tcnq, 4, ((c#5h#5)mosc#2h#4s)#2(tcnq)#2, 5, ((c#5h#5)mosc#2h#4s)#2tcne, 6. Une etude des proprietes magnetiques de ces composes a ete realisee par r. P. E. Le compose ((c#5h#5)mosc#2h#4s)#2tcnq, forme a l'etat solide de chaines mixtes d#+a#d#+a#, presente en ce qui concerne les interactions d'echange un caractere marque de basse dimensionnalite et son comportement en temperature de type curie-weiss est caracteristique d'interactions ferromagnetiques (temperature de curie weiss de l'ordre de 3 k) qui semblent pouvoir s'expliquer par le mecanisme de spin polarisation. La derniere partie de ce travail est consacree au sel de radical cation me#3ttf(ch#2oh)#2mo#6o#1#9, 7 synthetise par electrocristallisation. L'etude structurale et l'etude par spectroscopie infrarouge mettent en evidence une liaison hydrogene o-h. . . O entre le polyanion et le cation organique
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24

BEURON, FABIENNE. "Etudes structurales en microscopie electronique de deux edifices macromoleculaires : (1) la glycoproteine gp160 de l'enveloppe du virus hiv1 : (2) un canal hydrique d'insectes homoptere." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10181.

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Nous avons etudie en microscopie electronique la structure de la gp160s, forme recombinante de la gp160 du virus de l'immunodeficience acquise humaine (hiv1) et son domaine extramembranaire, la gp120. Nous avons confirme la structure dimetrique de la gp160s. Cette dimerisation masquerait l'acces des anticorps specifiques a la boucle v3, epitope majeur de neutralisation. Le pontage des molecules de cd4 (recepteur membranaire des lymphocytes t4) a la glycoproteine d'enveloppe du hiv1 constitue une etape importante de son infectivite. In vitro la gp160s et la gp120 fixent une forme soluble du cd4. Une analyse en microscopie electronique en transmission (ctem) et en microscopie electronique a balayage transmis (stem) des complexes formes montre que deux molecules de cd4 se lient a la gp160s. La deuxieme partie de ce travail concerne l'etude de p25, proteine membranaire majoritaire des cellules epitheliales de la chambre filtrante des insectes homopteres. P25 est un membre de la famille mip (major intrinsic protein) a laquelle appartiennent les canaux hydrique. Nous avons mis en evidence par immunocytochimie des reactions croisees entre p25 et des constituants du rein de souris, tissu riche en canaux hydriques, et entre p25 et un tissu vegetal exprimant dip, proteine de la famille mip. Nous avons montre l'implication de p25 dans des transits d'eau par integration du polypeptide dans des liposomes et etude dynamique en cryomicroscopie electronique. Nous avons montre que p25 est le constituant du reseau de particules membranaires de cf. Une etude en ctem et en stem a permis de demontrer la nature tetramerique des particules du reseau: chaque sous-unite correspond a une p25. La structure bidimensionnelle du tetramere de p25 a ete resolue a 2,4 nm
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25

Booth, Melvin G. "From lost industrial edifices to a contemporary fantasia : a practice based investigation which examines the character and form of the post industrial shopping mall environment." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2000. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19370/.

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The primary aim of this study is to present and investigate the hypotheses that the activity of post-industrial mass consumerism is an act of human drama that takes place within the specially created and constructed environment of the contemporary out of town or regional shopping mall. This is an artificially controlled and manipulative environment that is also a setting of fantasy. It is one that owes the nature of its internal spaces to 'rampant consumerism' and the nature of its internal appearance and architectural forms to the utilization and application of a pastiche and layering of post-modern historical references. The second aim was to develop a body of visual work through a systematic enquiry of practice based research which would together with a written commentary present both the outcomes of this research and the new knowledge generated through it. Alongside these aims, this study itself has also been a vehicle for developing and examining research processes. The initial investigation is achieved through a contextual review that forms the background against which visual research is undertaken. The visual research is carried out in two ways. Initially separate fantasies, ie: visual images made in the Meadowhall Shopping Centre and visual images made from G. B. Piranesi's Carceri d' Invenzione, are brought in to association. Subsequently they are then digitally transformed to produce new hybrid visual fantasies. This whole process has also led me to consider my personal transformation from artisan to artist and commentator and to review the impact that change has had on this study. The theses is brought to a close with an analysis of what the investigations and the processes of research have revealed, achieved, and made available to other practitioners through this study. Key concluding points are: The investigations, processes of research and visual explorations have provided a potential reference for other practitioners and a model for further practice-based research. The process of Reflective Practice is mutable and can be modified to suit different creative circumstances and artistic intentions. Reflective Practice produces defensible results which can be interrogated by peers. The study has laid the ground for my further creative work and the process of reflective practice will continue to inform my activity.
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26

Simsek, Gokce. "Interventions On Immovable Archaeological Heritage As A Tool For New Formation Process." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610570/index.pdf.

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In the preservation discourse, interventions are generally viewed as technical issues. Considering that interventions cause variety of changes in the characteristics of archaeological edifices starting from the excavation, these changes constructs and shapes the archaeological edifices in terms of its appearance and meaning. In that respect, interventions act as tools for making changes in archaeological edifices by causing transformation of existing characteristics, loss of some others and adding new ones. Based on this, the study aims to evaluate interventions by putting change at the center in order to understand how interventions affect archaeological edifice in constructing its appearance and meaning. The study is based on evaluation of intervention through a &
#8216
new formation process&
#8217
, which is based on two phases. The first phase deals with evaluation of changes in values through the &
#8216
value formation process&
#8217
. The second phase is related with the assessment of changes in the characteristics of archaeological edifice as a whole, in terms of its physical, functional and semantic characteristics. This approach enables the examination of the process of change starting from prior to excavation and the assessment of interventions through the principles of change (reliability, consistency, legibility) and the &
#8216
value formation process&
#8217
. The evaluation method is sampled on certain intervened archaeological edifices on the Curetes Street in Ephesus. The study concludes that the interventions are significant tools for making changes in archaeological edifices throughout its new lifecycle. The &
#8216
value formation process&
#8217
and the &
#8216
new formation process&
#8217
approach can make it possible to predict changes in archaeological edifices, prevent value conflicts caused by interventions and improve the quality of change shaped by interventions. Approaching the intervention process as a change management problem necessitates to develop appropriate change strategies and to define this process as a &
#8216
new formation process&
#8217
.
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27

Tribet, Christophe. "Analyse et synthese de tensioactifs ioniques en vue de l'obtention d'edifices micellaires polymerises. Importance du caractere discret des charges micellaires dans la stabilite de ces edifices." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066264.

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Le but de ce travail consiste a stabiliser des micelles ioniques, en polymerisant les tensioactifs qui les constituent, afin d'etablir les roles respectifs joues par la structure micellaire elle meme ou par son caractere dynamique. Le protocole experimental conduisant au meilleur rendement est l'irradiation gamma de solutions micellaires aqueuses de tensioactifs insatures. La presence de produits de reaction divers nous a conduit a mettre au point une methode d'analyse de ces solutions: l'analyse par isotachophorese des melanges de tensioactifs ioniques. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en evidence la formation, au cours de l'irradiation, d'une fraction minoritaire de composes de degradation et montrer l'absence de dimeres. L'isotachophorese permet, grace a une modelisation simple, une mesure de la mobilite et du taux d'ionisation des micelles et des polymeres ioniques. Enfin, nous proposons une modelisation de la surface micellaire tenant compte du caractere discret des ions. Nous avons montre l'existence de sites preferentiels pour l'adsorption des ontre-ions sur la micelle et les calculs montrent que les interactions electrostatiques assurent, a elles seules, la stabilite de l'edifice. Les consequences de la taille reduite des agregats sur la propagation de la chaine du polymere ont ete discutees dans ce meme cadre. Finalement, des polymeres dont les proprietes sont voisines de celles des micelles dynamiques (mobilite, ionisation et taille similaires) ont bien ete obtenus
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28

Adjani, Raphael Jay. "Towards a deep ecology of art, technology and being : an ontological investigation with particular reference to the rock-cut edifices of Ellora, India, and Tadao Ando’s water temple." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2011. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/5452/.

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This practice-based thesis is an interrogation of ‘being’, one not centred on the human being. It concerns a being that manifests through dynamic inter-relation between human and other entities and phenomena in the universe. It considers several interrelated questions, interrogating notions of 'relational being','non-anthropocentric being', 'the being of a space', ‘the space of being’. Ultimately, one is considering the implications of relational being for ‘deep ecology’. With regard ‘relational being’, key inter-related Buddhist ideas drive the thinking and practice: ‘relational origination’ (pratityasamutpada), and ‘emptiness’(shunyata). Furthermore at the heart of this particular history of technology is a discussion of the significance of zero. The Sanskrit term shunya, means both ‘zero’ and ‘empty’, and relates to shunyata. There are several principal objectives. Firstly an analysis of perceived relational dynamics in Ellora’s rock-cut architecture, technology, and ontology. Secondly, scrutiny of apparent correspondence between Ellora’s Edifice Twenty-Nine and a contemporary Tantric shrine: the Water Temple, constructed in 1991. Thirdly, an examination of ideas in contemporary science and technology that engender reconsiderations of notions of ‘relational being’. The primary practical outcomes are two films: relationship-place naka-ma and zero = every day? Both approach the question through phenomenological process, paralleling Ando’s conception of ‘architecture’ as an integrated and inter-acting entity of built edifice, wider landscape, and the spectatorship of persons who frequent it. This research engenders ‘new knowledge’ in terms of: offering pluralistic, trans-national and trans-disciplinary insight on current thinking relating to art, architecture, technology, spectatorship, and ontological practice; evolving knowledge with regard interactions between body, humanly constructed entities, wider environments/ecologies; engendering new perspectives on considerations of cyberspace, Ellora, Ando, and the Water Temple; contributing to a counter thesis vis-à-vis the colonial project of objectification and ossification of the other.
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29

Alva, Jiménez Alfonso, Loayza Jannet Fernández, Rojas Katherine Lucero, Vilca Albert Dante Quispe, and Salazar Raúl Daniel Vargas. "Uso de Aisladores Sísmicos Para Edificios Multifamiliares. Caso De Estudio: Edificio Multifamiliar Residencial Hungría." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654902.

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Nuestro proyecto busca demostrar que se puede mejorar el desempeño sísmico de las edificaciones empleando aisladores sin afectar la rentabilidad del proyecto. Para ello, se evaluó aplicarlo en el proyecto “Residencial Hungría” el cual se trata de un edificio multifamiliar de 12 departamentos y 10 estacionamientos distribuidos en 4 pisos y un semisótano respectivamente. Se modifico la configuración original del proyecto y se incluyó un sistema de aisladores de base con núcleo de plomo con el fin de comparar la rentabilidad entre ambos proyectos (Original y modificado con aisladores). Los resultados obtenidos en la primera etapa muestran que ante un número reducido de pisos (04 pisos) la rentabilidad del proyecto modificado con aisladores es menor a la original, sin embargo, luego de evaluar múltiples opciones, se obtuvo que a partir de 07 pisos tiene un VAN de S/ 172,077 un TIR de 24 % mayor al COK que es de 20%. Sabemos que en la Filosofía y Principios del Diseño Sismorresistente contenidos en la Norma E.030 del Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones se reconoce que dar protección completa frente a todos los sismos no es técnica ni económicamente factible para la mayoría de las estructuras, es por ello por lo que el uso de los aisladores está enfocado principalmente a estructuras del sector salud y educación. Con esto proyecto queremos propiciar la aplicación de aisladores a más proyectos de edificaciones y viviendas multifamiliares, verificando que, si puede ser rentable económicamente para el constructor, lo cual beneficiaría la demanda desatendida de la población que requiere una vivienda más segura y con mejor desempeño ante un sismo, y que minimice los costos de reparación, muertes y damnificados ante un eventual movimiento sísmico de alto impacto aun teniendo que invertir un porcentaje adicional en la compra del inmueble.
This research demonstrate that the seismic performance of buildings can be improved by using isolators without affecting the profitability of the project. For this, it was evaluated in the "Residential Hungria" project, which is a multifamily building with 12 apartments and 10 parking spaces distributed in 4 floors and a semi- basement, respectively. The original configuration of the project was modified and a system of base insulators with lead core was included in order to compare the profitability between both projects (Original and modified with insulators). The results obtained in the first stage show that with a reduced number of floors (04 floors) the profitability of the project modified with insulators is lower than the original one, however, after evaluating multiple options, it was obtained that from 07 floors it have a NPV of S / 172,077 an IIR of 24% higher than the COK which is 20%. We know the Philosophy and Principles of Earthquake Resistant Design contained in Standard E.030 of the National Building Regulations, it is recognized that providing complete protection against all earthquakes is not technically or economically feasible for most structures, which is why isolators is mainly focused on structures in the health and education sectors. With this project we want to promote the application of insulators to more projects of buildings and multifamily housing, verifying that, it can be economically profitable for the builder, which would benefit the unattended demand of the population that requires a anti seismic building prepared for an earthquake, minimizes repair costs, deaths and victims in eventual high-impact seismic movement even having to invest an additional percentage in the purchase of the property.
Tesis
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30

Fernández, Loayza Jannet, Vilca Albert Dante Quispe, Salazar Raúl Daniel Vargas, Rojas Katherine Reyna Lucero, and Jiménez Alfonso Renato Alva. "Uso de Aisladores Sísmicos Para Edificios Multifamiliares. Caso De Estudio: Edificio Multifamiliar Residencial Hungría." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654902.

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Abstract:
Nuestro proyecto busca demostrar que se puede mejorar el desempeño sísmico de las edificaciones empleando aisladores sin afectar la rentabilidad del proyecto. Para ello, se evaluó aplicarlo en el proyecto “Residencial Hungría” el cual se trata de un edificio multifamiliar de 12 departamentos y 10 estacionamientos distribuidos en 4 pisos y un semisótano respectivamente. Se modifico la configuración original del proyecto y se incluyó un sistema de aisladores de base con núcleo de plomo con el fin de comparar la rentabilidad entre ambos proyectos (Original y modificado con aisladores). Los resultados obtenidos en la primera etapa muestran que ante un número reducido de pisos (04 pisos) la rentabilidad del proyecto modificado con aisladores es menor a la original, sin embargo, luego de evaluar múltiples opciones, se obtuvo que a partir de 07 pisos tiene un VAN de S/ 172,077 un TIR de 24 % mayor al COK que es de 20%. Sabemos que en la Filosofía y Principios del Diseño Sismorresistente contenidos en la Norma E.030 del Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones se reconoce que dar protección completa frente a todos los sismos no es técnica ni económicamente factible para la mayoría de las estructuras, es por ello por lo que el uso de los aisladores está enfocado principalmente a estructuras del sector salud y educación. Con esto proyecto queremos propiciar la aplicación de aisladores a más proyectos de edificaciones y viviendas multifamiliares, verificando que, si puede ser rentable económicamente para el constructor, lo cual beneficiaría la demanda desatendida de la población que requiere una vivienda más segura y con mejor desempeño ante un sismo, y que minimice los costos de reparación, muertes y damnificados ante un eventual movimiento sísmico de alto impacto aun teniendo que invertir un porcentaje adicional en la compra del inmueble.
This research demonstrate that the seismic performance of buildings can be improved by using isolators without affecting the profitability of the project. For this, it was evaluated in the "Residential Hungria" project, which is a multifamily building with 12 apartments and 10 parking spaces distributed in 4 floors and a semi- basement, respectively. The original configuration of the project was modified and a system of base insulators with lead core was included in order to compare the profitability between both projects (Original and modified with insulators). The results obtained in the first stage show that with a reduced number of floors (04 floors) the profitability of the project modified with insulators is lower than the original one, however, after evaluating multiple options, it was obtained that from 07 floors it have a NPV of S / 172,077 an IIR of 24% higher than the COK which is 20%. We know the Philosophy and Principles of Earthquake Resistant Design contained in Standard E.030 of the National Building Regulations, it is recognized that providing complete protection against all earthquakes is not technically or economically feasible for most structures, which is why isolators is mainly focused on structures in the health and education sectors. With this project we want to promote the application of insulators to more projects of buildings and multifamily housing, verifying that, it can be economically profitable for the builder, which would benefit the unattended demand of the population that requires a anti seismic building prepared for an earthquake, minimizes repair costs, deaths and victims in eventual high-impact seismic movement even having to invest an additional percentage in the purchase of the property.
Trabajo de investigación
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31

Bovina, Riccardo. "Vulnerabilità sismica di edifici in muratura: il caso studio di un edificio residenziale a Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21866/.

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Il presente lavoro di tesi si inserisce all’interno del contesto della vulnerabilità sismica sugli edifici in muratura, analizzando in prima istanza l’ambito d’intervento sul patrimonio edilizio italiano e sviluppando un percorso di approfondimento attraverso lo studio del comportamento di un edificio residenziale costruito nei primi decenni del ‘900 a Bologna. Le analisi svolte hanno percorso una procedura di confronto iniziale tra il calcolo manuale e quello conseguito mediante l’utilizzo del software 3Muri, programma cardine nello studio sismico di edifici esistenti. Mediante l’applicazione di analisi non lineari, tramite le curve di Pushover, è stato possibile ottenere un quadro d’insieme relativo alle problematiche esistenti sul fabbricato e contestualmente sviluppare una proposta di miglioramento sismico, al fine di ridurre le carenze di rigidezza esistenti e migliorando la vulnerabilità globale dell’edificio. È stata inoltre svolta una verifica sismica ottenuta con il metodo manuale semplificato LV1, che ha fornito indici di sicurezza sismica confrontabili con quelli ottenuti con il software 3Muri.
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32

NAPOLITANO, Davide Ferdinando. "Progettazione energetica ed ambientale degli edifici: studi sull'ottimizzazione multi-obiettivo, dal singolo edificio al distretto." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/207091.

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33

Bruno, Carrasco Elizabeth. "Síndrome del Edificio Enfermo." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8401.

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El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una comparación entre dos edificios a los que llamaremos Edificio A y Edificio B, con la finalidad de determinar si alguno de ellos, o tal vez ambos, presentan causas o factores que podrían determinar que estos edificios son considerados enfermos y que por lo tanto, podrían causar algún tipo de enfermedad a sus ocupantes, o hasta incluso, agravar las enfermedades que estos padecen. Para poder realizar este análisis comparativo, primero estudiaremos la teoría de lo que se entiende por síndrome de edificio enfermo, estudiando su concepto o definición, las causas o factores de riesgo y sus consecuencias, ya que el estudio de la parte teórica será de mucha utilidad para poder emplearla en la parte práctica, es decir, en el análisis de los edificios. Además, se recurrirá a la realización de encuestas a los ocupantes de estos edificios para que detallen desde su experiencia propia, los síntomas que padecen y así determinar la relación entre estos síntomas y la permanencia en estos edificios. Estas respuestas permitirán precisar si existe una relación de causa y consecuencia entre los síntomas y los factores de riesgo presentes en el edificio, lo cual también nos permitirá establecer cuáles son los cambios que se deben implementar en los edificios con la finalidad de que la salud y calidad de vida de los trabajadores mejore.
Trabajo académico
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34

Mendak, Keith. "Beyond Edifice." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1773.

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Seeing one’s self in another requires empathy and compassion. A person must be willing to look beyond their immediate self and feel what is not readily perceptible. Difference is merely an edifice constructed by our faith in perception. By transfiguring what is familiar an alternative now is made available to the mind and reveals an underlying essence common in all people and things. We realize physical separation is an illusion of the material world and that everything exists from one sacred source.
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35

Bradbury, Joseph D. "On Edifice." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2013.

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This collection of essays intends to draw out the complex relationship between structure and identity in the American West. Specifically, this collection considers the inherent connection between Mormon meetinghouses and the Salt Lake City Downtown Rising project completed in 2012, and both Mormons and non-Mormons who choose to establish a home and an identity in the West. Although the obvious addressees are Mormon and non-Mormon, the applicable audience is far-reaching in that the identity of a specific region established primarily by one faction of people is, much like all things, subject to change. This change and this identity crisis resemble the worn façade of an aged structure. With time, a new identity emerges and from it a new understanding of time and place is engendered. This project was funded by curiosity and a restless mind. The societal benefits, like any piece of literature, are incalculable.
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36

Tello, Barrios Steve Jaime. "Análisis de producción y seguridad de la torre grúa en edificios multifamiliares de 20 pisos caso "Edificio Liberty"." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18961.

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Toda empresa constructora tiene como objetivo para sus proyectos: “Cumplir con el alcance, terminar en el plazo y cumplir con el costo y calidad” (Brioso, 2015). Sin embargo, todos los proyectos de construcción son afectados por factores negativos: la variabilidad y la falta de gestión colaborativa. Estas perjudican la eficiencia modificando las cadenas de producción, reflejado en el aumento del costo y tiempo en la entrega del proyecto (Poshdar, 2014). En la actualidad, existen varias estrategias para disminuir la variabilidad en los proyectos de construcción. Uno de ellos es la industrialización en este sector, el cual consiste en producir bienes y servicios a gran escala, mediante la utilización de maquinarias como la torre grúa. La implementación del uso óptimo de la torre grúa permite dinamizar el traslado de materiales y acelerar el flujo de las partidas previstas en el proyecto; además, al ser una máquina compuesta de varios componentes, soporta constantes montajes y desmontajes, lo que facilita su instalación temporal en la construcción. La finalidad de esta tesis es analizar la productividad y seguridad de la torre grúa, y poder justificar su arrendamiento para la construcción de una vivienda multifamiliar de 20 pisos. Asimismo, llevar a cabo un comparativo de productividad y rendimientos entre vaciado con bomba de concreto y vaciado con balde de concreto, con el objetivo de tener la mejor opción para el proyecto. Por último, se presentar un comparativo de costos de implementación y seguridad, entre proyectos que usan torre grúa frente a otros que poseen elevadores de carga para el acarreo de materiales. Demostrando todo lo antes mencionado, se podrá concluir que efectivamente la torre grúa es una maquinaria óptima que permite el aumento de la producción en obra, mostrando un ahorro en tiempo y dinero de las partidas de vaciado y acarreo de materiales. Además, se concluye que la torre grúa proporciona una mejor seguridad en obra, ya que al reemplazar a una determinada cantidad de trabajadores se reduce la probabilidad de incidentes y accidentes en la construcción.
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37

Palomino, Marcel, Sanz Laura Sanz, Pesantes Tatiana Cabrejos, and Cordova Melissa Noél. "Proyecto de construcción de “Edificio Barcelona 209”." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625192.

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El presente trabajo tesis tiene como objetivo mostrar los procesos de: Inicio, planificación, ejecución, monitoreo y control y cierre de los entregables de gestión y construcción dentro del proyecto inmobiliario, Edificio Barcelona 209. El esquema de desarrollo de la tesis se ejecutará en cinco capítulos en los que se pasa por todas los procesos la Guía del PMBOK 5ª edición, partiendo de la configuración del Caso de negocio del proyecto desde el marco referencial de la empresa; marco conceptual en el que se exponen las bases que rigen la dirección de proyectos basada en la Guía del PMBOK 5ª edición; identificando la documentación en los grupos de proceso de: inicio, planificación, ejecución control y cierre y por último se cierra con las conclusiones y recomendaciones. Esta tesis servirá de guía para los proyectos de la empresa aumentando los activos de procesos de la organización.
Tesis
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38

Mor, Martínez Gerard. "Statistical learning methods for energy assessment in buildings with applications at different geographic levels." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673879.

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El sector de l'edificació, sense incloure la seva indústria, és un dels principals focus de consum energètic del món. Suposa al voltant d'un 30% del total d'energia final consumida mundialment. A més, les seves emissions de diòxid de carboni suposen un 28% respecte al total, ja que encara bona part del combustible utilitzat per a generar aquesta energia final és d'origen no renovable. Actualment, existeix l'extrema necessitat de reduir aquestes emissions contaminants durant els propers anys a causa dels problemes d'escalfament global que estem vivint. A més, el pic de producció dels combustibles fòssils, o és pròxim o ja l'hem sobrepassat durant l'última dècada. Aquest fet comportarà la fi dels combustibles fòssils a preu assequible. Per tant, mundialment ens hem de dirigir cap a una estratègia energètica encaminada a incrementar l'eficiència en la demanda i a consumir energia produïda mitjançant combustibles renovables. A aquest efecte, la implementació de models matemàtics que ajudin a caracteritzar, simular i a predir el consum energètic en el sector de l'edificació suposa un pas clau en aquest procés de transició energètica. En el marc d'aquesta Tesi s'ha implementat una plataforma per emmagatzemar i analitzar massivament dades energètiques, i s'han plantejat tres casos d'ús més concrets que fan referència a algunes de les problemàtiques més recurrents en cadascun dels principals nivells geogràfics en el sector edificació (nivell habitatge, edifici, o districte). Els objectius d'aquestes analítiques són informar i alertar a usuaris finals sobre el seu consum, optimitzar la demanda o el cost energètic, maximitzar el consum procedent de producció energètica renovable, o inferir característiques energètiques. Primerament, aquesta Tesi presenta la plataforma d'analítica dissenyada per a l'anàlisi massiva de comptadors intel·ligents d'electricitat. A part, es detallen els serveis d'informació energètica per a usuaris finals que s'han implementat, i es presenten els resultats d'estalvi estimat produït (del 3 al 22%) al llarg d'un projecte amb tres comercialitzadores d'electricitat europees. Posteriorment, es presenten les tres aplicacions específiques tractant diferents nivells geogràfics. En la primera d'elles, es presenta una novedosa metodologia per tal de replicar virtualment el control dels sistemes comandats per termòstat en el sector residencial utilitzant models basats en dades. Els resultats d'aquesta recerca mostren que es pot aconseguir un estalvi energètic del 18,1% i del 36,5% de mitjana, si es redueix la temperatura de consigna habitual en 1ºC i 2ºC, respectivament. En la segona aplicació, tres estratègies de Control Predictiu mitjançant Models (MPC, en anglès) s'han implementat en tres llocs diferents d'Europa, amb l'objectiu d'avaluar la flexibilitat energètica que pot aconseguir-se quan s'aplica un control més intel·ligent a sistemes de calefacció existents d'un edifici o d'un conjunt molt petit d'edificis. Els resultats del mètode mostren que les bombes de calor tenen el potencial de proporcionar una important flexibilitat de resposta a la demanda als països analitzats. No obstant això, a vegades tenen problemes quant al seu temps de resposta i fiabilitat, la qual cosa pot afectar la seva disponibilitat per al mercat de reserva d'electricitat. En la tercera i última aplicació, es presenta una metodologia de caracterització del consum elèctric de grans conjunts d'edificis, per exemple districtes sencers o codis postals. Es basa en l'anàlisi estadística dels consums energètics horaris agregats a les diferents arees d'interès, i la seva correlació respecte informació meteorològica, cadastral o característiques socioeconòmiques. Aquest mètode s'ha validat per a interpretar els factors de canvi en el consum elèctric de la província de Lleida (Espanya).
El sector de la edificación, sin incluir la industria, es uno de los principales focos de consumo energético del mundo. Supone alrededor de un 30% del total de energía final consumida mundialmente. Además, sus emisiones de dióxido de carbono suponen un 28% respecto al total, ya que todavía buena parte del combustible utilizado para generar esta energía final es de origen no renovable. Actualmente, existe la extrema necesidad de reducir estas emisiones contaminantes durante los siguientes años debido a los problemas de calentamiento global que estamos viviendo. Además, el pico de producción de los combustibles fósiles, o es cercano o ya lo hemos sobrepasado durante la última década. Este hecho conllevará el fin de los combustibles fósiles a precio asequible. Por lo tanto, el mundo debe dirigirse hacia una estrategia energética encaminada a incrementar la eficiencia en la demanda y a consumir energía producida mediante combustibles renovables. Con este fin, la implementación de modelos matemáticos que ayuden a caracterizar, simular y a predecir el consumo energético en el sector de la edificación supone un paso clave en este proceso de transición energética. En el marco de esta Tesis se ha implementado una plataforma para almacenar y analizar masivamente datos energéticos, y se han planteado tres casos de uso más concretos que hacen referencia a algunas de las problemáticas más recurrentes en cada uno de los principales niveles geográficos en el sector edificación (nivel vivienda, edificio, o distrito). Los objetivos de estas analíticas son informar y alertar a usuarios finales sobre su consumo energético, optimizar la demanda o el coste energético, maximizar el consumo procedente de producción renovable, o inferir características energéticas aparentemente desconocidas. Inicialmente, esta Tesis presenta la plataforma de analítica diseñada para el análisis masivo de contadores inteligentes de electricidad. Aparte, se detallan los servicios de información energética para usuarios finales implementados, y se presentan los resultados de ahorro estimado producido (3% a 22%) a lo largo del proyecto IEE Empowering para tres comercializadoras de electricidad. Posteriormente, se presentan tres aplicaciones específicas tratando distintos niveles de agregación. En la primera de ellas, se presenta una metodología novedosa para replicar virtualmente el control de los sistemas comandados por termostato en el sector residencial utilizando modelos basados en datos. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que se puede conseguir un ahorro energético del 18,1% y del 36,5% de media, si se reduce la temperatura de consigna habitual en 1ºC y 2ºC, respectivamente. En la segunda aplicación se han implementado tres estrategias de Control Predictivo mediante Modelos (MPC, en inglés) en tres lugares distintos de Europa, con el objetivo de evaluar la flexibilidad energética que puede lograrse cuando se aplica un control más inteligente a sistemas de calefacción eléctricos existentes en un edificio o un conjunto muy pequeño de edificios. Los resultados del método muestran que las bombas de calor tienen el potencial de proporcionar una importante flexibilidad de respuesta a la demanda en los países analizados. Sin embargo, en ocasiones tienen problemas en cuanto a su tiempo de respuesta y fiabilidad, lo que puede afectar a su disponibilidad para el mercado de reserva de electricidad. En la tercera y última aplicación, se presenta una metodología de caracterización del consumo eléctrico sobre grandes conjuntos de edificios, por ejemplo distritos enteros o códigos postales. Se basa en el análisis estadístico de los consumos energéticos horarios agregados a cada una de las áreas de interés, y su correlación con la información meteorológica, catastral y las características socioeconómicas. Este método se ha validado para interpretar los factores de cambio en el consumo eléctrico de la provincia de Lleida (España).
The building sector, excluding its industry, is one of the world's largest energy consumers. 2019 accounted for around 30% of the total final energy consumed worldwide. In addition, its carbon dioxide emissions accounted for 28% of the total, as much of the fuel used to generate this final energy is still of non-renewable origin. Currently, there is an extreme need to reduce these pollutant emissions over the next few years due to the global warming problems we are experiencing. In addition, the peak of fossil fuel production is either near or has already been exceeded during the last decade. This will lead to the end of affordable fossil fuels. Therefore, the world must move towards an energy strategy aimed at increasing demand-side efficiency and consuming energy produced from renewable fuels. To this end, implementing mathematical models to help characterise, simulate and predict energy consumption in the building sector is a key step in this energy transition process. Within the framework of this Thesis, a platform for storing and massively analysing energy data has been implemented. Additionally, three more specific use cases have been proposed that refer to some of the most recurrent problems at each of the main geographical levels in the building sector (dwelling, building or district level). The objectives of these use cases are to inform and alert end-users about their energy consumption, optimising energy demand or cost, maximising energy consumption from renewable generation, or inferring apparently unknown energy characteristics of buildings and their occupants. This Thesis presents the data analytics platform designed and developed to deal with the massive analysis of a vast amount of data coming from electricity smart meters. Furthermore, the implemented energy information services for end-users are presented, and the estimated energy savings generated by those services, quantified within the IEE Empowering project, are presented (3 to 22%). Subsequently, three applications are introduced, each one dealing with a specific geographical level. In the first one, a novel methodology to virtually replicate the control of thermostatically-controlled systems is presented. It is applied over a set of residential dwellings and it is based on data-driven models. Some promising outcomes showed during warm conditions (7-15ºC), for example, reducing the usual set-point temperature of the thermostat by 1ºC or 2ºC would lead to energy savings of 18.1% and 36.5% on average, respectively. In the second application, three Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies have been implemented in different locations in Europe to assess the energy flexibility that can be achieved when a smarter control is applied to existing electricity driven heating or cooling systems in several building typologies and electricity markets. The results showed that electric heat pumps can provide significant demand response flexibility in the respective analysed electricity markets. However, they sometimes have problems regarding response time and reliability, which can affect their availability for the standby electricity market. Finally, in the third and last case study, a methodology for characterising the electricity consumption of large sets of buildings, e.g. entire districts or postal codes, is presented. The methodology is based on statistical analysis of the aggregated hourly energy consumption of the whole area of interest, as well as its correlation against meteorological information, cadastral data and socio-economic characteristics. This methodology has been validated to interpret the main drivers of electricity consumption along the whole province of Lleida (Spain).
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Huari, Wilson Carlos Eduardo. "Estructuras de un edificio de departamentos de diez pisos, ubicado en una esquina de Miraflores, dentro de un conjunto conformado por tres edificios." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2010. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/502.

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El presente trabajo se desarrolla con el objetivo de diseñar un edificio de departamentos de 10 pisos, ubicado en Miraflores, en el departamento de Lima. Además el edificio posee un tanque elevado y cuarto de máquinas en la azotea y una cisterna para agua debajo del primer nivel. El edificio se extiende sobre un área de 400.65 m2., en un suelo gravoso con características comunes al suelo típico de Lima y con una capacidad admisible de 4 kg/cm2 a una profundidad de cimentación de -1.60m. Todos los análisis y cálculos de diseño se hicieron de acuerdo al Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones y a las distintas normas que lo componen. El sistema estructural empleado está conformado en dos direcciones perpendiculares por muros de corte y vigas, los cuales a su vez transmiten las cargas a la cimentación y ésta al suelo. Como consecuencia del análisis sísmico se han obtenido los desplazamientos y derivas máximas del edificio, encontrándose dichos valores dentro de los márgenes admisibles. Para la estructuración del edificio se hizo uso de losas aligeradas en una dirección y también de losas macizas armadas en dos direcciones, lo cual hizo posible la formación del diafragma rígido en cada piso del edificio. El análisis sísmico se hizo mediante el uso del programa ETABS, con el cual se modeló el edificio y se aplicaron las fuerzas de sismo, obteniéndose así los valores de momentos y fuerzas cortantes correspondientes. Para el diseño en concreto armado se hizo uso también del programa SAP2000, mediante el cual se modelaron las losas macizas y se obtuvieron las fuerzas resultantes correspondientes, obteniéndose así resultados más reales para los elementos asimétricos. Finalmente, para la cimentación se hizo uso de zapatas aisladas y combinadas debido a la magnitud de las cargas de diseño y a las características del suelo.
Tesis
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40

Schultz, Arlan N. (Arlan Nelson). "Edifice : op.4, no.2." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22539.

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"EDIFICE" Opus 4. No. 2, is a composition scored for double, mixed chorus, soprano and baritone soli, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in Bb, 2 bassoons, 4 horns in F, 2 trumpets in C, 2 trombones, and bass trombone. The piece is based on the poem EDIFICE, by Tean E. Schultz, which was written at the request of the composer.
The philosophical impetus of this work stems from the process of perspectival redefinition, the resultant alteration in perceptual space being of primary importance. This could be viewed as the meta-text of the poem and forms the basis for an iconic realization of this concept in "EDIFICE".
The work is characterized by the unusual spatial disposition of its constituent ensembles. Specifically, the two mixed choirs are antiphonally situated, one on either side of the audience, with the wood winds and brass set in two concentric circles between the two choirs. The wood winds and bass trombone are enclosed by the remaining brass. This arrangement of the instruments relates directly to the imagery implicit in the third segment of the poem; " ... I will not listen, My self is pouring Outside me; Like a cast of metal Covers me ... ".
In terms of compositional designs the work explores such techniques as cyclical permutation of phonemic units derived through the phonetic fragmentation of text segments; phonemic manipulation in a multi-layered texture for the purpose of timbral variation; inexact rhythmic imitation, termed "quasi cannon"; serialized and "eroded" breathing rhythms; continuous redisposition of semi-chromatic pitch cells as foundational harmonic structures; and textural "cross-fading" within the antiphonal distribution of forces.
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Viteri, Villanueva Wálter, Rosalino Vicente Rojas, Cobos Alejandro Vásquez, Wong Eduardo William Tam, and Padilla Daniel Osores. "Edificio Bach." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC. Escuela de Postgrado, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273994.

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El objetivo de este trabajo es promover, proyectar, construir y vender edificios multifamiliares que van dirigidos principalmente a satisfacer la demanda existente en los diferentes niveles socio – económicos de nuestro medio y a la necesidad creciente que tienen los inmigrantes peruanos de invertir en bienes inmuebles Además de generar un negocio que se mantenga a lo largo del tiempo, mediante la colocación en el mercado de productos de buena calidad, con un buen servicio post-venta, creando una marca propia
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Rieradevall, i. Pons Josep M. "Rehabilitación energética de edificios : la piel del edificio. Los polígonos de vivienda de los años 70 en Barcelona : la rehabilitación del polígono de Montbau." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285002.

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This paper considers the current status of our planet as well as the particular conditions of the economic crisis in Spain in order to propose an analysis of the efficiency involved in reconditioning the skin of the existing buildings by considering energetic, economic and C02q emission criteria. The skin of a building is the most weather-exposed part of a building and therefore determines the internal demand of energy to make the building comfortable and habitable. The study of the facade, its current status in terms of energetic and economic demands and in terms of C02 emissions will provide data on the results and benefits of reconditioning the skin of buildings in the medium and long term. The neighborhood of Montbau is the subject of this study. lt comprises around 30 buildings, each with several and different characteristics, built in the 1960s and their current features show loss of energy through their facades and demand a high consumption of energy to obtain heating and cooling conditions at the same time that generate C02eq emissions to the atmosphere. In order to analyze and study the conditions and possible affectation on these buildings, this paper worked on a representative sample to obtain data. The sample comprises the following buildings: Duplex Apartment Building A, Building E/F Bloque Lineal, Tower Building Q, and Building UNI 14 as the sample for detached and semi-detached buildings. With the data collected regarding the needs and facade situation of the sample buildings, this paper proposes reconditioning, constructive solutions to improve the internal conditions and comfort of such buildings as well as the reduction of C02eq emissions. To assess the conditions of the sample buildings and, therefore, study their behavior, Desingbuilder-design software- and Energyplus - internal calculation engine- (developed by the US Department of Energy) software was used. Energyplus was used to analyze energy consumption and C02eq emissions to obtain data regarding how buildings were built and which their installations are. A model of the 4 sample buildings was created by using Energyplus, taking into account the physical and architectural features of the sample buildings as well as their facades, woodworks, air leaks, heating and cooling systems, hot water production, and illumination. By using Energy Simulation DesingBuilder, an evaluation of the current demand of energy, C02eq emissions and economic expenditure analysis (pricing energy consumption based on 2012 prices) was conducted. In order to analyze the behavior and the needs in altemative weather conditions and locations, Madrid and Gerona were chosen as sample cities where hypothetical conditions will apply. Likewise, an affectation analysis was conducted based on location differences to extrapolate the analysis and apply it to the sample buildings and therefore obtain global results at neighborhood level. The detailed analysis and evolution of results is shown throughout this paper by using graphs and tables supporting the text. The needs and expenses of the buildings before and after the reconditioning works are showed to prove the improvements. Changes in the woodworks, facades, and insulation works along with constructive solutions are proved in terms of figures showing the benefits and the need of implementing reconditioning works. The relevance of this paper is based on the need to tackle such topics as building reconditioning instead of considering total or partial demolition or construction of new housing developments to contribute to the sustainability of our planet and, at the same time, offer sustainable alternatives that are efficient, effective and optimal. The figures shown herein are astonishing in terms of expenses, costs, energy savings, and C02eq emissions. The graphs and tables used herein offer a wider picture that can be expanded through fuure research and implementation of projects locally and globally.
En esta tesis y sobre las condiciones actuales del planeta y las condiciones particulares de una España en crisis económica, se propone un estudio que permiita analizar la eficacia de rehabilitar la piel de los edificios existentes atendiendo a criterios energéticos, económicos y de emisiones de C02 eq. La piel del edificio es la parte más expuesta a las condiciones climáticas exteriores y condiciona la demanda de energía interna para conseguir el confort para hacerlo habitable. El estudio de la envolvente, su situación actual en cuanto a demandas energéticas ,económicas y que emisiones de C02, arrojará los resultados y bondades de una rehabilitación de ésta a mediano y largo plazo. Como objeto de estudio se centró en el barrio de Montbau, conjunto de edificios constituido por unos 30 edificios de diversas características, construido en los años sesenta que acusa en sus condiciones actuales pérdida de energía a través de su envolvente y demanda un alto consumo de esta para su calefacción y refrigeración, generando de emisiones de C02 eq a la atmósfera. Para el análisis y estudio de las condiciones y posibles afectaciones se establecieron los edificios tipo representativos: edificio A dúplex, edificio E/F bloque lineal,edificio Q torre. edificio unifamiliar UNI 14 para las viviendas adosadas. Una vez conocidas las demandas y la situación de la enlvolvente de los edificios tipo, el estudio propone soluciones constructivas para su rehabilitación,a través de las cuales se mejorarían las condiciones interiores, condiciones de confort, así como la necesaria reducción de emisiones de C02 eq a la atmósfera. Para realizar la diagnosis de los edificios y estudiar su comportami ento, se utilizó el programa Desingbuilder y como motor de cálculo interno, el programa Energyplus, programa desarrollado por el Departamento de Energía de los Estados Unidos. Con este se analizó el consumo de energía y emisiones de C02 eq en función de cómo está construido un edificio y cuáles son sus instalaciones. Se realizó un modelo de los 4 edificios tipo con el programa, sus características físicas y arquitectónicas, se definió su envolvente, carpinterías, filtraciones de aire, sistemas de calefacción, producción de agua caliente,,iluminación y mediante el programa DesingBuilder de simulación energética, se hizo una evaluación de la demanda actual de energía, emisiones de C02 eq y gasto económico (poniendo precio a la energía, valores del año 2012). Para analizar el comportami ento y necesidades en climas diferentes y localizaciones alternativas se hizo el análisis hipotético en ciudades con condiciones climáticas diferentes escogiendo Madrid y Gerona como alternativas. Así mismo se realizó el estudio de las afectaciones en cuanto a variación de sus posiciones para con los resultados, extrapolar el estudio al conjunto de edificaciones y obtener los resultados globales a nivel de barrio. A lo largo de estudio se verá el análisis detallado y la evolución de los resultados a través de cuadros y gráficas que acompañan el texto para arrojar las necesidades y gastos de los edificios sin rehabilitar y estos mismos tras la rehabilitación.Las mejoras evidentes con el cambio de las carpinterías ,la intervención de la envolvente y los aislamientos con las soluciones constructivas evidenciarán en cifras las bondades y la necesidad de estas intervenciones. La pertinencia de este estudio radica en la necesidad de enfrentar temas como la rehabilitación de edificios antes de contemplar la demolición o construcción del parque inmobiliario de cara a la sostenibilidad del planeta, para ofrecer una alternativa de futuro sostenible y albergo ycobijo en condiciones óptimas. Las cifras ofrecen resultados contundentes en cuanto a gastos, costes, ahorro de energía yemisiones de gases a la atmósfera,cuyos resultados en las gráficas y cuadros ofrecen una lectura que abre espacio a futuros trabajos de investigación y puesta en marcha de proyectos tanto a nivel local como mundial
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Flacco, Giuseppe <1981&gt. "Edificio-Impianto: ruolo dell'involucro e dell'impiantistica. Miglioramento delle prestazioni energetiche degli edifici attraverso progetti innovativi che anticipano l'applicazione della Direttiva CE 2010/31." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3359/1/FLACCO_GIUSEPPE_TESI.pdf.

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La tematica del presente scritto è l’analisi teorico-sperimentale del sistema edificio-impianto, che è funzione delle soluzioni progettuali adottate, dei componenti scelti e del tipo di conduzione prevista. La Direttiva 2010/31/CE sulle prestazioni energetiche degli edifici, entrata in vigore l’8 luglio 2010, pubblicata sulla Gazzetta Europea del 18 giugno 2010, sostituirà, dal 1º febbraio 2012, la direttiva 2002/91/CE. La direttiva prevede che vengano redatti piani nazionali destinati ad aumentare il numero di “edifici a energia quasi zero” e che entro il 31 dicembre 2020 tutti gli edifici di nuova costruzione dovranno essere “edifici a energia quasi zero”, per gli edifici pubblici questa scadenza è anticipata al 31 dicembre 2018. In questa prospettiva sono stati progettati due “edifici a energia quasi zero”, una villa monofamiliare e un complesso scolastico (scuola dell’infanzia, elementare, media inferiore) attualmente in via di realizzazione, con l’obiettivo principale di fornire un caso studio unico per ogni tipologia in quanto anche modulare e replicabile nella realtà del nostro territorio, che anticipano gli obiettivi fissati dalla Direttiva 2010/31/CE. I risultati ottenibili dai suddetti progetti, esposti nella tesi, sono il frutto di un attenta e proficua progettazione integrata, connubio tra progettazione architettonica ed energetico/impiantistica. La stessa progettazione ha esaminato le tecnologie, i materiali e le soluzioni tecniche “mirate” ai fini del comfort ambientale e di un’elevata prestazione energetica dell’edificio. Inoltre è stato dedicato ampio rilievo alla diagnosi energetica degli edifici esistenti attraverso 4 casi studio, i principali svolti durante i tre anni di dottorato di ricerca, esemplari del patrimonio edilizio italiano. Per ogni caso studio è stata condotta una diagnosi energetica dell’edificio, valutati i risultati e definita la classe energetica, ed in seguito sono stati presi in considerazione i possibili interventi migliorativi sia da un punto di vista qualitativo sia economico tenendo conto degli incentivi statali per l’incremento dell’efficienza energetica.
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44

Flacco, Giuseppe <1981&gt. "Edificio-Impianto: ruolo dell'involucro e dell'impiantistica. Miglioramento delle prestazioni energetiche degli edifici attraverso progetti innovativi che anticipano l'applicazione della Direttiva CE 2010/31." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3359/.

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La tematica del presente scritto è l’analisi teorico-sperimentale del sistema edificio-impianto, che è funzione delle soluzioni progettuali adottate, dei componenti scelti e del tipo di conduzione prevista. La Direttiva 2010/31/CE sulle prestazioni energetiche degli edifici, entrata in vigore l’8 luglio 2010, pubblicata sulla Gazzetta Europea del 18 giugno 2010, sostituirà, dal 1º febbraio 2012, la direttiva 2002/91/CE. La direttiva prevede che vengano redatti piani nazionali destinati ad aumentare il numero di “edifici a energia quasi zero” e che entro il 31 dicembre 2020 tutti gli edifici di nuova costruzione dovranno essere “edifici a energia quasi zero”, per gli edifici pubblici questa scadenza è anticipata al 31 dicembre 2018. In questa prospettiva sono stati progettati due “edifici a energia quasi zero”, una villa monofamiliare e un complesso scolastico (scuola dell’infanzia, elementare, media inferiore) attualmente in via di realizzazione, con l’obiettivo principale di fornire un caso studio unico per ogni tipologia in quanto anche modulare e replicabile nella realtà del nostro territorio, che anticipano gli obiettivi fissati dalla Direttiva 2010/31/CE. I risultati ottenibili dai suddetti progetti, esposti nella tesi, sono il frutto di un attenta e proficua progettazione integrata, connubio tra progettazione architettonica ed energetico/impiantistica. La stessa progettazione ha esaminato le tecnologie, i materiali e le soluzioni tecniche “mirate” ai fini del comfort ambientale e di un’elevata prestazione energetica dell’edificio. Inoltre è stato dedicato ampio rilievo alla diagnosi energetica degli edifici esistenti attraverso 4 casi studio, i principali svolti durante i tre anni di dottorato di ricerca, esemplari del patrimonio edilizio italiano. Per ogni caso studio è stata condotta una diagnosi energetica dell’edificio, valutati i risultati e definita la classe energetica, ed in seguito sono stati presi in considerazione i possibili interventi migliorativi sia da un punto di vista qualitativo sia economico tenendo conto degli incentivi statali per l’incremento dell’efficienza energetica.
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Même, Aurélie. "Développement de la spectrométrie de masse pour l'étude d'édifices non-covalents en chimie et en biologie." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/MEME_Aurelie_2010.pdf.

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Compte tenu de l’omniprésence des interactions non-covalentes en chimie et en biologie, leur étude est devenue incontournable. Les techniques analytiques les plus fréquemment utilisées comme la RMN et la cristallographie RX sont difficiles voire impossibles à mettre en œuvre pour l’analyse de certains édifices non-covalents. De nouveaux outils analytiques sont par conséquent nécessaires pour résoudre ces problématiques. Lors de ce travail de thèse, nous avons donc évalué le potentiel de la spectrométrie de masse et notamment de deux techniques d’ionisation douce : l’ionisation électrospray (ESI-MS) et l’Ionisation/Désorption Laser Assistée par Matrice (MALDI-MS). Ce travail s’est articulé selon trois axes : i) l’analyse d’édifices neutres, insolubles ou solubles dans des solvants très volatils comme le dichlorométhane ou le chloroforme : ces analytes offrent l’opportunité de tester une approche par MALDI-MS comme alternative à l’ESI-MS, ii) l’étude in vivo et in vitro d’une petite molécule à visée thérapeutique, le myo-Inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP), dans le sang : cette étude doit permettre de mieux comprendre le mécanisme de régulation de l’ITPP, iii) l’étude du complexe Adx/AdR, impliqué dans la biosynthèse des stéroïdes chez les vertébrés : la mesure des constantes de stabilité des complexes formés à partir de variants d’Adx doit permettre de mieux comprendre le mécanisme d’interaction entre ces deux partenaires redox lors du transfert d’électron
Studying the non-covalent interactions in chemistry and biology cannot be ignored, considering their omnipresence. The most frequently used analytical techniques, such as RMN or X-ray crystallography, are difficult or even impossible to implement to the analysis of some non-covalent architectures. New analytical resources are thus required to solve these issues. During this thesis, mass spectrometry potential has been evaluated, especially through two soft ionization techniques: the Electrospray Ionization (ESI-MS) and the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI-MS). This work has been based on three axes: i) the analysis of neutral architectures, indissoluble architectures or architectures soluble in high volatile solvents as dichloromethane or chloroform: these analyses give the opportunity to test out a MALDI-MS approach as an alternative to ESI-MS, ii) in vivo and in vitro study of a small therapeutic molecule, named myo-Inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP), in blood : the goal of this study is to better understand the ITPP regulation mechanism, iii) the study of Adx/AdR complex, involved in vertebrates steroids biosynthesis : the measurement of stability constants of complexes formed from different Adx variants give the opportunity to better understand the interaction mechanism between these two redox partners during the electron transfer
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46

Torres, Rivas Alba. "Mathematical modelling to aid in the transition towards more sustainable buildings." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669290.

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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesis es desenvolupar eines que ajudin a les primeres fases del disseny d’edificis i ajudin al procés de presa de decisions amb l’objectiu d’aconseguir alternatives més sostenibles. La societat actual està més conscienciada respecte l’eficiència energètica i busca alternatives més respectuoses per el medi ambient. Per aquest motiu, companyies i autoritats busquen alternatives més respectuoses però mantenint la seva eficiència econòmica. En aquesta tesis ens centrarem en l’eficiència energètica del parc d’edificis, proposant alternatives que redueixen la demanda energètica i s’analitzarà l’efecte de les alternatives a escala regional. Els aïllaments formats per agromaterials semblen una opció interesant degut a les seves propietats tèrmiques i el seu pressuposat baix impacte ambiental. Pretenem generar un eina d’optimització que ajudi a identificar les solucions optimes amb mínim cost i impacte ambiental sense risc de generar humitats. També es proposa la generació sistemàtica de materials combinats que ajudin a ampliar el mercat de agromaterials d’aïllament i, finalment, s’ha avaluat l’efecte de la rehabilitació d’edificis a escala regional. Per il·lustrar les possibilitats de les metodologies proposades, s’ha modelat una edificació tipus cubicle com a cas d’estudi i s’ha analitzar el stock de l’àrea regional de Catalunya. Tot i això, s’ha de considerar que aquestes metodologies son prou generals per poder incorporar diferents models de construcció, funcions objectius o variables.
El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar herramientas que ayuden en les primeras fases del diseño de edificios y ayuden en el proceso de toma de decisiones con el objetivo de conseguir alternativas más sostenibles. La sociedad actual está más concienciada respecto la eficiencia energética y busca alternativas más respetuosas con el medio ambiente. Por este motivo, compañías y autoridades buscan alternativas más respetuosas, pero manteniendo su eficiencia económica. En esta tesis nos centraremos en la eficiencia energética del parque de edificios, proponiendo alternativas que reduzcan la demanda energética y se analizará el efecto de las alternativas a escala regional. Los aislantes formados per agromateriales parecen una opción interesante debido a sus propiedades térmicas i el su presupuesto bajo impacto ambiental. Pretendemos generar una herramienta de optimización que ayude a identificar las soluciones optimes con menor coste e impacto ambiental sin riesgo de generar humedades. También se propone la generación sistemática de materiales combinados que ayuden a ampliar el mercado de agromateriales de aislamiento y, finalmente, se ha evaluado el efecto de la rehabilitación de edificios a escala regional. Para ilustrar las posibilidades de las metodologías propuestas, se ha modelado una edificación tipo cubículo como caso de estudio i se ha analizado el stock del área regional de Cataluña. Pese a esto, hay que considerar que estas metodologías son suficientemente generales para poder incorporar diferentes modelos de construcción, funciones objetivo o variables.
The goal of this thesis is to provide tools to assess the early design steps of buildings and support the decision-making process towards more sustainable alternatives. Nowadays society is more concern about energy efficiency and seek for more environmental alternatives. As a result, companies and authorities are seeking for alternatives that are environmentally friendly but also cost-effective. In this thesis we will be focus in the energy efficiency in the building sector, providing alternatives that reduces the energy demand and analyse the regional effect of the alternatives. Bio-based building insulation seems an appealing alternative since it reduces the energy demand of buildings with what seems as low embodied material. We aim to provide an optimization tool to assess the search of optimal solutions in terms of cost and environmental impact without condensation risk. We also assess a systematic generation of bio-based composites to improve the market share for bio-based insulation and a regional assessment has been assessed to identify the potential of building retrofit un large areas. To illustrate the capabilities of those methodologies, a cubicle-like house has been considered as the case study and the building stock of the regional area of Catalonia has been assessed. Despite that, the proposed methodology can be applied with other building models, objective functions and variables.
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47

Franco, de Souza Ferreyra Parcemón Enrique, Tirapo Danny Jean Galán, and Linares Joana Jenisse García. "Aplicación de la metodología VDC a la construcción de edificios multifamiliares de baja densidad. Caso de estudio: Edificio San Fernando 263 en Miraflores, Lima - Perú." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623976.

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El presente estudio analizará el uso de la metodología VDC en un proyecto multifamiliar de 3 sótanos, 7 pisos y azotea ubicado en el distrito de Miraflores, Lima - Perú. La investigación abarca las partidas de movimiento de tierras, estructuras y albañilería.
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48

Sánchez, Capristán Luis Carlos, and D’Onofrio Arnaldo Javier Chávez. "Edificio multifamiliar Metrópoli." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13593.

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Mediante el presente estudio, se busca analizar la viabilidad de llevar adelante un proyecto inmobiliario de vivienda multifamiliar en la ciudad de Trujillo, dirigido a un público objetivo del NSE C. El proyecto se desarrollará en un terreno rectangular en esquina, de 690 m2, con medidas de 23 m por el frente y de 30 metros de fondo. El propietario es la empresa LAF Contratistas Generales. El terreno está ubicado en la esquina de Av. Metropolitana II y Calle S/N, Urb. Las Orquídeas, distrito y Provincia de Trujillo, región La Libertad. El proyecto consistirá en un edificio multifamiliar de 18 pisos de altura y 2 sótanos de profundidad. Contará con un total de 99 departamentos y 50 estacionamientos. Las áreas de los departamentos irán desde los 64.68 m2 hasta los 84.33 m2, y todos serán de 3 dormitorios. Como primer punto, se hará un análisis de la situación y su proyección temporal, evaluando la situación mundial, situación en el Perú con respecto a los mercados internacionales y la situación interna en el Perú, para con esta información proyectar cómo afectaría al proyecto durante su desarrollo. También, se evaluarán otros factores como por ejemplo la coyuntura política y cómo puede esta afectar en el proyecto. Una variable muy importante a tomar en cuenta para este análisis es el PBI,así como los indicadores en el sector construcción, cómo se está moviendo la demanda y la oferta, qué medidas de impulsión al sector está tomando el Estado y qué facilidades o trabas está dando el sector bancario en el rubro inmobiliario. Se hará un estudio de los principales competidores directos, para analizar qué producto ofrecen ellos, a qué precio, cuáles son sus estrategias de posicionamiento, por qué les comprarían a ello (Reason Why) y cómo llegan a su target. Con esta información, tomaremos lo que nos sea de utilidad y complementaremos nuestra estrategia de posicionamiento, nuestro Reason Why y sobretodo, definiremos nuestro precio del producto inmobiliario, analizando a qué precio venden nuestros competidores y ponderando qué atributos tienen los productos de los competidores y cuáles tendrá el nuestro. Con la información anterior analizada, procederemos a desarrollar el Marketing MIX del proyecto, analizando las 4P que son: Producto, Precio, Promoción y Plaza. Con la información precedente, procederemos a realizar un análisis económico-financiero para todo el período que durará el proyecto. Esto se realiza elaborando un flujo de caja detallado y de los cuales obtendremos resultados de TIR y VAN, y otros indicadores financieros de capitalización y rentabilidad, para que con esta información, se pueda tomar una decisión informada de inversión en el proyecto.
Tesis
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49

Grotta, Danubia de Lima. "Materiais e técnicas contemporâneas para controle de ruído aéreo em edifícios de escritórios: subsídios para especificações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18141/tde-26052009-112244/.

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A malha urbana das grandes cidades tem sido ocupada, principalmente nos grandes centros, por vários edifícios corporativos, localizados em pólos administrativos onde os ruídos urbanos são constantes. Além dos ruídos externos a que o edifício fica exposto, existem também os ruídos internos, ambos impactando no conforto e produtividade de seus ocupantes, trazendo problemas para a empresa. Tendo a situação brevemente descrita acima como preocupante, este trabalho tem por objetivo geral, investigar quais materiais industrializados para tratamento acústico e quais técnicas são utilizadas, para redução e controle, da propagação de ruídos aéreos em edifícios de escritórios, nos últimos dez anos. Incluem-se assim o estudo e apresentação das características técnicas para especificação de forros acústicos, barreiras acústicas, tratamento de paredes, pisos, layout e mobiliário, vidros acústicos, tratamento dos ruídos gerados pelo ar condicionado e mascaramento sonoro. O objetivo específico neste trabalho é analisar os materiais utilizados para tratamento acústico, baseado nos índices de classificação acústica, seja este de absorção ou isolamento, com relação ao desempenho do material. São eles: NRC (Índice de Redução Sonora), \'alfa\' (Coeficiente de Absorção), \'alfa\'w (Coeficiente de Absorção Sonora Ponderado) Rw (Índice de Redução Acústica) e STC (Classe de Transmissão Sonora). Esta pesquisa tem como resultado a centralização de dados técnicos referente à utilização de materiais acústicos para controle de ruídos aéreos em edifícios de escritórios; a análise das classificações e desempenhos e a avaliação da disponibilização de informações técnicas nos catálogos brasileiros de produtos. Tal resultado oferecerá uma base de consulta para obtenção de critérios durante a especificação e elaboração de projetos de espaços corporativos. O trabalho conclui apontando observações da autora, referentes à utilização dos materiais e técnicas e a necessidade de criação e produção de um maior portfólio de produtos.
Big cities have been taken the ground thought freeways and avenues, where constant and loud noise takes place. At theses ways, corporate edifices are also often established, so they naturally become exposed to the external noise interference, regardless the own internal facilities noising. The consequence is that people how work at these places are more prone to be less productive, turning it into a drawback to the corporate. The scenario described above is very concerning. This general research objective is to study techniques and industrialized material in order to reduce and control the noise propagation thought the air on for corporate facilities, focused at the last ten years time frame. It will focus on study and present the technical characteristics for acoustic absorption and/or isolation of roof lining, acoustic barriers, walls, floor, office layout, furniture, glasses, air-conditioner, and sound masking techniques. The specific research objective is to analyze the materials for acoustic handling, based on acoustic classification indexes that relate to the material performance, for absorption and isolation, as listed: NRC (Noise Reduction Coefficient), \'alfa\' (Sound Absorption Coefficient), \'alfa\'w (Pounder Sound Absorption Coefficient), Rw (Noise Reduction Index) and STC (Sound Transmission Class). The objective of this research is to be a single point of reference for technical data regarding the utilization of materials that can be used to control the sound propagation thought the air on corporate edifices; the classification of analysis and performance as well as the evaluation of technical information available on Brazilian product catalogs. The research result offers a baseline for those who look for criteria during the speciation and implementation of corporative spaces. The conclusion of this work is done with the Authors considerations regarding the utilization of materials and techniques, as well the necessity of creation and production of wider product portfolio.
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Asensi, Carles Jaume. "Espais comuns als edificis col·lectius d’habitatge social." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/383029.

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Purpose of the research: The research aims to explore the chances of improving environmental conditions for users of collective housing buildings by developing common areas as places for social relationship located between the urban public area and private homes. lt delves into the study of common spaces so as to treat them with the same significance as inside housing arrangement. From the Modern Movement housing has become a central matter in architecture as a discipline, and housing types have been significantly developed, always searching better environmental conditions for inhabitants life. However, this evolution has not been so strong about global systems of collective housing buildings and their common spaces. lt propases to develop common spaces as a feasible alternative choice to contemporary approaches in social housing, understanding that they are essential to improve living conditions of its residents. Analysis: Housing is understood as a fundamental right, and social housing as the one that is regulated and/or prometed by public administration in order to guarantee decent housing for everyone. A historical review of social housing in Europa allows us to understand the different meanings it has in different urban contexts. To understand the social housing architectural project as a concept, the research work studies the evolution in Catalonia regarding location, global buildings systems and housing types .This approach allows us to think about how social housing buildings can influence on urban development of cities. Once we have understood the importance of social housing buildings, the work goes in depth on the study of common spaces choosing some European interventions which have specially developed them. They are different proposals of collective housing buildings which,in a voluntary way or not, have established different ways to interpret common spaces. Samples are contextualized and the relation between common spaces and houses ,and between common spaces and environment is analyzed. Focusing the study on common areas, the work analyzes more specially three interventions in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. In all three cases, common spaces are specially developed as places for social relationship between neighbors and also with the environmental area. Furthermore, two recent social housing buildings in Barcelona, which have specially developed common spaces, are analyzed with the purpose to confront the research with current situation. Subsequently, the study focuses exclusively on common spaces as elements of collective housing buildings.The analysis concentrates on these spaces and arranges them into three observation scales: urban scale, building scale and domestic scale. At this stage, the research studies the specific space defined and not each project neither their contexts. Finally, we study the function of these common places. The work analyzes how residents and other users use these spaces in two paradigmatic projects of social housing in the metropolitan area of Barcelona: Casa Bloc and Walden 7. They are two examples representing two very different ways to interpret common space as an essential part of residential buildings. Conclusions: From the analysis conducted the work determines the real possibilities of strengthen common spaces in the current context of social housing and, therefore, to improve living conditions for their inhabitants. To end the research, it propases a practical application of the reflections drawn from the analysis in three different contexts of the city of Barcelona.In each case, a problematic situation is detected and the work outlines improving purposes.
Propósit del treball: Es pretén explorar les possibilitats de millorar les condicions ambientals dels usuaris d'edificis col·lectius d'habitatge mitjançant el desenvolupament dels espais comuns com a espais de relació social situats entre l'ámbit públic urba i el privat de l'habitatge. El treball aprofundeix en l'estudi dels espais comuns per situar-los en el mateix nivel! de prioritats que la distribució interior dels habitatges. Si a partir del Moviment Modern l'habitatge s'ha convertit en un dels temes centrals de la disciplina arquitectónica i la tipologia ha evolucionat significativament, cercant sempre millors condicions de vida per als usuaris, aquesta evolució no s'ha produit tant intensament respecte dels sistemes d'agregació i dels espais comuns dels edificis col·lectius d'habitatges. Es proposa el desenvolupament dels espais comuns com a possible alternativa als plantejaments actuals en materia d'habitatge social, entenent que són determinants per millorar les condicions de vida dels seus habitants. Analisi: S'entén l'habitatge com un dret fonamental i es defineix habitatge social com el que regula i/o promou l'administració pública oferint-lo a la societat per tal de garantir un habitatge digne a tota la població. Un repas historic del que ha estat l'habitatge social a Europa permet entendre el significat que té en els diferents contextos urbans. Per comprendre el projecte d'habitatge social com a concepte, s'estudia l'evolució que s'ha produit a Catalunya respecte dels emplaçaments, dels sistemes d'agregació i també respecte dels tipus. Aquesta mirada general permet reflexionar sobre la influencia que l'habitatge social pot tenir en el desenvolupament urba de les ciutats. Un cop entesa la importancia de l'habitatge social, s'aprofundeix en l'estudi dels espais comuns escollint determinades actuacions europees que els han desenvolupat especialment. Es tracta de diferents propostes de construir habitatge col·lectiu que,d'una manera voluntaria o no,han definit diverses formes d'interpretar els espais comuns. Els exemples es contextualitzen i s'analitza la relació dels espais definits tant amb l'entorn com amb els habitatges .Amb la mirada centrada en els espais comuns, es realitza una analisi més específica de tres actuacions d'habitatge social de l'Area Metropolitana de Barcelona. En els tres casos els espais comuns es desenvolupen especialment com a possibles llocs de relació entre els veins i, també , de relació amb l'entorn urba. Amb la voluntat de contrastar l'analisi amb la situació actual, també s'estudien dos projectes actuals recentment construns a la ciutat de Barcelona on s'han desenvolupat especialment els espais comuns. Posteriorment, la recerca se centra exclusivament en els espais comuns com a elements de projecte als edificis d'habitatge col·lectiu. L'analisi es focalitza en aquests espais i s'estructura en tres escales d'observació: l'escala urbana, l'escala de l'edifici i l'escala doméstica. En aquesta fase s'estudia l'espai concret definit i no tant cadascun dels projectes ni els seus contextos. Finalment, s'estudia l'ús que es fa dels espais comuns en dos projectes paradigmatics d'habitatge social col·lectiu de l'Area Metropolitana de Barcelona: La Casa Bloc i el Walden 7. Es tracta de dos exemples amb formes molt diferents d'interpretar l'espai comú com un espai essencial en els edificis col·lectius d'habitatges. Conclusions: A partir de l'analisi efectuat es determinen les possibilitats reals de potenciar els espais comuns en el context actualde l'habitatge social i, per tant, d'aconseguir millorar les condicions de vida per als seus habitants. Per últim es proposa l'aplicació práctica de les reflexions extretes del treball de recerca en tres contextos diferents de la ciutat de Barcelona. En cada cas es detecta una situació existent amb certes mancances i es plantegen propostes de millora
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