Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Edmond and Jules de Goncourt'
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Abdelmoumen, Dorra. "Les Goncourt auteurs dramatiques : édition électronique du théâtre des Goncourt." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030020/document.
Full text« To succeed there is only drama ... » This is how Janin advice the Goncourt brothers in December 1851, which quickly directs these young writers to the tricky path of theater and drama. The Journal des Goncourt tells for forty-five years the tumultuous relation of the writers of Henriette Maréchal with the stage. However, the drama of Edmond and Jules de Goncourt is little studied and rarely attracts editors. The absence of any modern edition of their work is a proof to that. This work suggests an electronic version of four plays written by the Goncourt: two original works signed by the broth-ers themselves: Henriette Maréchal (1865) and La Patrie en Danger (1889) and two ad-aptations of novels by Edmond de Goncourt: Germinie Lacerteux (1888) and Manette Salomon (1896).It is both a critical edition enriched by notes and fact sheets, lexical and bio-graphical. That is an interactive space where researchers could both draw resources for the dramatic experience of the Goncourt brothers and complete texts and notes attached to this issue, and finally an illustration of the contribution of new technologies to the edition and study of literary texts. It is a computer-based research of a literary corpus and a reflection on the particularity and the limits of such an experiment
Giraud, Barbara. "Hysterie et Nevrose: representations du discours medical dans l'oeuvre de Jules et Edmond de Goncourt (1860-1893)." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490516.
Full textDe, Falco Domenica. "Les frères Goncourt ou les apories de la "féminilité"." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030011.
Full textIn the Goncourts, the questioning about the " feminine " keeps the category of misogynist out of reality, which is one of the reasons why the literary criticism banished them. This study proposes a reading of the Journal and of the novels which targets the discovery of the power through what the authors questioned themselves about the subject. The first part analyses the woman's body : physiology sets her down in a pathological register, but the narcissistical reappropriation of the actress (La Faustin) offers a good example of the " breakaway " from the degrading predetermination logic. In the second part, the character's garment is questioned. This one, a symbol of the woman's social, psychological and affective condition marks the stages of her existence, it is a sign of her " being in the world ". In the third part, we will consider the woman's word. Swinging between excess and lack, the novels' heroin generally looks like deficient of an efficient word, which could guarantee her an hold on her history. But the real woman will feel this inaptitude. The Princess Mathilde (that the Goncourts have frequently attended), showing a language radiance in the privileged world of a literary saloon, marks the historical memory of a 19th century where the woman of a declined aristocracy does not stop to reign
Pradel, de Lamaze Cléophée de, Edmond de Goncourt, Jules de Goncourt, and de Behaine Édouard-Alphonse Lefebvre. "Édition critique et annotée de la correspondance entre Edmond et Jules de Goncourt et Édouard Lefebvre de Behaine (1858-1896)." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040041.
Full textThis thesis has for object the critical and annoted edition of the correspondence between Edmond (1822-1896) et Jules de Goncourt (1830-1870) et Edouard Levebvre de Béhaine (1829-1897) between 1858 and 1896. This correspondence completes the witnessing of the Journal by the Goncourt and enables us to discover their intimate and social life. Edouard Levebvre de Béhaine, brillant diplomat, marqued with a red iron the Goncourt’s political orientation. The Goncourt’s letters are kept by one of the unique aire of the Levebvre de Béhaine, the letters by Edouard Levebvre de Béhaine are held at the department of Manuscript section of the “Bibliothèque nationale”. The first part of this thesis divides itself into an introduction, a principe of edition rules and a chronology. The second part is the edition of the letters, each letter is followed by a sery of notes which aims at providing an identification of the mentionned personnalities and events to which the writters refer to. A second sery of notes points out the particularities of the manuscripts and the intervention undergone by the text. The index of the personnalities mentionned in the correspondence as well as a chronological list of the letters constitute the third part. The bibliography is divided into two sections (manuscripts sources and printed sources) contains the references of the mentionned texts in the introduction and the notes. A choice of fac-similes and articles written by the Goncourt and Levebvre de Béhaine have been included in the third part
Pety, Dominique. "Collection et écriture : les Goncourt en leur temps." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030098.
Full textDuring the second half of the 19th century, the Goncourt brothers have been lovers and collectors of 18th century French art and Japanese art. Their literary works must therefore be reinterpreted in the light of their art collections. To put them back into context, we first proceed to a historical study. 19th century collecting deals with conflicting values, remmants of the past being either considered as a fertile heritage or as a deal weight, which reveals the anxiety of a period confronted with the hardship of creating something new. The Goncourt brothers overcame this anxiety by uniting their collections into an single work of art in the overwhelming space of their home and private museum. .
Reynolds, Brigid E. "Mixed messages the problematic pursuit of individuality in novels by Maupassant, the Goncourt, and Flaubert /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1078421834.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 243 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 232-243). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Champeau, Stéphanie. "La notion d'artiste chez les Goncourt et dans leur milieu (1852-1870)." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040332.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the notion of artist in the common work of the Goncourt brothers, from 1852 to 1870 : the study is based first on the journal des Goncourt, and then on their novels Charles Demailly and Manette Salomon. If it is mainly based on the Goncourt, this work cannot elude the comparison with the writers who surrounded them: first Flaubert, whose correspondence is essential to the understanding of the notion of artist in the writers of the movement of the "art for art". Then Théophile Gautier and Baudelaire, whose aesthetics is, on many points, very close to the aesthetics of the Goncourt. The notion of artist in the work of the Goncourt is a notion inherited of the romantism and of the writers of 1830. However, it takes on new meanings with the writers of the second half of the century and the movement of the "art for art". The Goncourt first put the stress on the "physiology" of the artist-on the fact that one is predisposed by one's constitution to be or not an artist. The Goncourt see in the nervous illness both the origin of the gift of the modern artist, in the fact that the neurosis greatly subtilizes the sensations, and the result of his exhausting work. The life of art is conceived by the Goncourt almost like a monastic vocation, which implies a confinement, the rejection of marriage, and a rigorous discipline. The bourgeois society of the 19th century, whose main features are an appalling materialism and ambitiousness, persecutes the true artist and rewards the false ones, those who use the art as a profession and a mean to succeed in life
Zammartino, Luigi. "Dialogues et conversations dans l’œuvre des Goncourt." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100184/document.
Full textAlthough some ideas prompted for a long time critics to label Goncourt brothers not only as minor representatives of realism and naturalism, but also as writers retired in their hobbyhorses, this work proposes to consider Goncourt’s work beginning from the interaction narrator – reader focusing mainly on this two figures of literary communication. In this study it is possible to notice that the reader is suddenly plunged in a real dialogic dimension, in fiction works, in intimist stories and in Edmond and Jules Goncourt’s first historical studies too. Dialogues and conversations follow one another in the Goncourt’s narration and the reader perceives a polyphony, a multilingualism of voices, that permit him to take part in the act of writing and to involve in the text since the beginning. Through different analysis of the shortland of dialogues and conversations we suppose that a principle of « literary democratization » is based on and find its freedom in the emancipation of the narrative patronage
Maubant, Yves. "Les romans des freres goncourt ou le second empire de la description." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1299.
Full textJotham, Justine. "Le spectacle et le spectaculaire chez les frères Goncourt : représentation de la société et création de soi." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100161/document.
Full textParis, under the Second Empire, was the world capital of spectacle. This image, as much as it is a myth, also depicts the reality of social relationships that were akin to the rules of drama.This is the milieu Edmond & Jules de Goncourt live in. The spectacle and spectacular of all kinds fascinate them and account for their work, and also their place as writers in society. These two words tell us about their inspiration and style, which are infused by drama and painting, as well as their artistic position among literary sociability, artists, bohemians, and the press of the middle of the nineteenth Century. In their books, the Goncourt brothers give a representation of this time by revealing the codes of make-believe. Their stylistic aspiration, deemed “écriture artiste”, which goes across the rules and borders of literary genres, claims their position of superiority to show their aristocratic aspirations and their artistic tastes. Their position is that of modern men, thinking about modernity as Balzac and Baudelaire did earlier, but in some ways, their position also seems to be an anti-modern one. Their artistic observation, or oeil-artiste, enriched by painters and playwrights, who they converse with or whom they emulate, is shrewd. Their production is both spectacular and specular. This mirror, which they are presenting society with, is inspired by painting techniques, literary genres and tones, like dramatic pantomime, parody, comedy and satire. It shows kaleodoscopic views of their contemporaries and of their own life, scripted and staged like a work of art
Jouini, Hind. "La fabrique du discontinu dans l'oeuvre romanesque des Goncourt (1851-1870)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100171.
Full textThe fashioning of the discontinuous takes various forms in the novels of Goncourt. It results from the construction of two brothers who have a particular interest in rare objects and details. In a bid to be modern, writers constantly criticize the idealist novel as a used form and show a preference for the whimsical model. In their attempt to "kill the romance", the authors of En 18 ..make the novel a space of freedom where they do not hesitate to break the linearity of the story, to break up the narrative material into small chapters, and to give the reader a terse text that solicits his collaboration. Consisting of several fragments of the Journal, the novel Goncourt becomes the reservoir of firsthand texts. The genesis of the work, thus, contributes to the creation of discontinuity and generates a great discursive and generic diversity that will become the source of the modernity of the Goncourt novels
Slave, Alexandra. "Écriture Artiste and the Idea of Painterly Writing in Nineteenth-Century France." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23104.
Full textGagnon, Evelyne. "Portrait du clown en personnage de roman : A partir de Gavroche (Les misérables), Kenwell et Cox (Le train 17) et les frères Zemganno (Les frères Zemganno)." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116049.
Full textSfar, Meriem Faten. "Stendhal, les Goncourt et le Baroque : la réception de l'art visuel baroque italien par trois écrivains français du dix-neuvième siècle." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030074.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to show that Stendhal’s and the Goncourt brothers’ appreciation of Italian Baroque art exerted a decisive influence on their own aesthetics. Part one takes a look at Stendhal’s and the Goncourt brothers’ “horizon of expectations”, i. E. Artistic paradigms or references, what literature they read about Italy and Rome as well as writings on art, in particular Baroque art and artists, which inspired Stendhal and helped forge his understanding of Baroque Art. Part two explores four elements of resistance to the Baroque. This study goes on to compare conflicting French views and representations of Baroque art so as to identify Stendhal’s and the Goncourt brothers’ own position along this spectrum. Paradoxically, this set of anti-Baroque prejudices serves to shed light on the particular attraction the Baroque exerted on Stendhal and the Goncourt brothers and which Baroque characteristics are most likely to surface in their novels. The final part of this study draws parallels between the seduction Baroque art exerted on Stendhal and the Goncourt brothers and the way it manifested in their novels as well as between visual and literary Baroque art. Thus, by drawing attention to the presence of Baroque poetics in Stendhal’s and the Goncourt Brothers’ writings, this study sheds new light on their novelistic aesthetics
Bonnet, Caroline. "L'art et le décor à travers le style de deux écrivains du XIXe siècle, Chateaubriand et les Goncourt." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040255.
Full textAssuming that art and literature reflects their time, we will point out the evolution of art and interior decoration by a comparative study of literature and interior decoration styles'. Authors such as Chateaubriand for the early XIXth century and the Goncourt for the second half will provide significant examples to analyze the evolution of art and decoration and their relevance with the authors' style. We shall define the Empire style of Chateaubriand based on neoclassicism, beauty, harmony and balance, revealing both in prose and decoration a architectured style, defined by the line and idealisation. Participating to the Napoleonian propaganda, arts and decoration emphasize the didactic purpose of prose, expressing the classical doctrine of docere, movere, placere. Prose of war, painting and decoration can lead to meditation, catharsis and figurative or literary vanities. Yet, beyond the classical constraints, writing, painting and decoration reveal a sensibility forecasting romanticism. Drawing gave way to colour, foreshadowing a break in decoration, witnessed in the Goncourt prose. Decadence in prose and eclecticism in decoration epitomized the second half of the century. The richness of prose echoes a decoration subjected to the horror vaccui. The deconstructed décor parallels not only the decadence of a fragmented sentence but also the decay of the sick body. The fragmented syntax in this precious writing style mirrors the impressionist dispersion misunderstood by the Goncourt. The scattered touch corresponds, in decoration, to the anthropomorphic and feminine substitute bibelot and, in literature, to the word which becomes a word bibelot, work of art
Rat-Cadars, Marie-Cécile. "Entre devoirs sacrés et empire des sens : les femmes dans les romans du Réel des Goncourt, d'Emile Zola, de Pérez Galdos, et de Clarin." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20058.
Full textDuring the second half of the nineteenth century, women became first-rate characters. Science and body made their appearance in literature helped by scientific progress. A social, physiological, psychological and metaphysical being, the realist female protagonist acquires a diegetic importance she had not been given. Woman's personnal aspirations are frustrated by man's domination which is supported by the bourgeois society. She is often forced into a faulty attitude for which she is severely punished. Even though Realist authors in theory reject subjectivity, their representation of women undoubtedly bares the traces of their prejudices and fantasms. If the physiological being replaces the metaphysical one with Naturalism, Spanish Realism reasserted the necessary combination of body and soul in order to be able to grasp the entire truth of human reality
Takaï, Nao. "Le Corps féminin nu ou paré dans les récits réalistes de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100208.
Full textThe second half of the 19th century in France saw the emergence of two seemingly antithetical phenomena: a proliferation of paintings of nude women and a boom in women’s fashion. This thesis analyses the representation of the female body in this era, focusing on the two themes of “nude” and “clothed,” and then examines their dialectical relationship in works of “realist” literature: Flaubert’s Madame Bovary and L’Éducation Sentimentale, the Goncourt brothers’ Manette Salomon, Edmond de Goncourt’s Chérie, and Zola’s La Curée, Nana, Au Bonheur des Dames and L’Œuvre constitute our main corpus. Although these authors, using their sharp observation of contemporary society and the filter of their own aesthetics, try to depict the life of women, in particular by evoking the full vitality of their bodies and without resorting to a superficial idealisation, a shift occurs, caused by the eroticism which is inseparable from the desire to know and write. The stronger the desire to penetrate and grasp the object of description that the female flesh constitutes, the more forcefully repulsion or fear springs forth. Our authors need to reify women or veil them in fetishised envelopes of clothing to give them their full value. In constructing their stories, they take their distance from the mercenary mentality and prudish hypocrisy of the bourgeois they criticise. But in their description of the female body, they too participate in the social idealisation and alienation which they recount but from which they never completely escape. Nonetheless, it is also in this oscillation between proximity and distance, reification and aestheticisation, or profanation and glorification of the female body that the specific charm of the novels in our corpus lies
Asama, Teppei. "Proust et les amateurs." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070081.
Full textAmateurism is an important feature of Proust's aesthetics, seeing that the narrator of In Search of Lost Time as well as Proust himself have been labeled amateurs. The present thesis explores these problems from a biographical perspective and an analytic perspective. Proust's early writing efforts as an art critic were influenced by the works of the Goncourt brothers, such as Art of the Eighteenth Century and An Artist's House. I will therefore discuss the articles of the young Proust analyzing French pictures of the eighteenth century, and the Goncourt pastiche given by Proust in the Time Regained. The dialogue between Proust and Robert de Montesquiou also provides a resource for reflections on amateurism. While examining two articles of Proust studying the famous dilettante, "The simplicity of Mr. De Montesquiou" and "Professor of Beauty", I will consider how the experiences shared by the two writers are embodied in In Search of Lost Time. Finally, the fictitious amateurs, Charles Swann and the baron de Charlus are analyzed. I shall analyze the character of Swann as the figure of a collector, an amateur who associates his love for Odetteeeeee with his interest in copies of the Italian Renaissance paintings in "Swann in Love". With the character of the dilettante, Charlus, I will study how homosexual love is confused with a taste for the science of furniture and of feminine clothing in Sodom and Gomorrah II. Through these examinations, the present thesis aims to provide a semantic analysis of different amateurs as they appear in the complete works of Marcel Proust
Peri, Francesco. "Art des nerfs, nerfs d’artiste. Modernité et maladies nerveuses dans la littérature française et allemande, 1865-1914." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA025.
Full textBased on a cross-examination of medical, scientific, literary, and critical materials, this work attempts a transnational genealogy of the concept of Nervenkunst (“art of the nerves”). Through a historical reconstruction of the French origins of the discourses that coalesce in that category (and a survey of their prerevolutionary and ancient sources), our research proves that a genetic connection between the writer’s craft and the nervous system is neither a peculiarity of Austrian literature in the 1890s nor a premonition of psychoanalysis, but the product of a system of exchanges and transformations that span several centuries, to converge in the years of early Naturalism. The first part chronicles the invention of “modern nerves”; in other words, it offers a cultural history of the neurological imagination before and after 1789. The second part describes the genesis of an idea of the nervous author during the Second Empire and the early Third Republic (focusing on the work of the Goncourt brothers and their entourage). The third part deals with the germanization of these originally French contents: how did these notions take root in the German-speaking world at a time (1870-1890) when Berlin’s relations with Paris were problematic at best? The answer lies in a system of cultural mediations and mutual perceptions that involves, among other things, Austria and Scandinavia
Ashley, Katherine. "From naturalism to decadence : the novels of Edmond de Goncourt." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23118.
Full textSitzia, Emilie. "L'artiste entre mythe et réalité dans trois oeuvres de Balzac, Goncourt et Zola." Åbo : Åbo akademi university press, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40044753s.
Full textYamamoto, Takeo. ""L’art japonais du XVIIIe siècle" d’Édouard de Goncourt : genèse d’un projet interrompu (1888-1896)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040215.
Full textIn his later years, Edmond de Goncourt planned to publish a series of works on the 18th-century Japanese art. He intended the work to be composed of the studies on thirteen Japanese artists. However, Edmond only published two studies: Outamaro (1891) and Hokousaï (1896). In fact, the death of Edmond interrupted his project. Anyway, in the Journal of Goncourt, certain persons of the thirteen artists to study are mentioned; therefore, we can imagine various aspects on the rest part of his plan. Besides, as to the formation of the accomplished two studies, we can make a research by referring to the following documents: the Journal de Goncourt; his correspondence; the first edition of the two studies, along with their certain parts previously published. These documents reveal the following: Goncourt collected with zeal much information; the writer persevered in his elaboration of text; the fruits of his efforts had a favorable reception
Roldan, Sébastien. "Poétique du suicide dans le roman naturaliste : natures et philosophies de la mort volontaire (1857-1898)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100096.
Full textHow did the French Naturalist novelists portray suicide? How did they deal with the romantic overtones of self-murder, a theme so strongly linked to the sentimental outbursts voiced by the previous generation of writers? Far from being banned for excessive romanticism suicide, albeit the object of openly expressed disdain by Naturalists, spreads its fiery black wings over much of the theoretically barren land that is the body of realistic novels complying – overtly or unwittingly – with the principles of Le Roman expérimental. The flaming, menacing, and enigmatic shadow thus cast over an intently objective and scientific literature is surprisingly apt at developing both polemic and polysemous fruits, and as it turns out sheds new light under the frightened but eager scrutiny of these novelists who found themselves fascinated by its great mystery, both sublime and deadly. If the state of knowledge at the time made suicide a problem essentially pertaining to medical and natural science, Naturalist literature itself was intent on synchronizing its depictions with the data, approach, and lexicon presented in scientific treatises. Yet suicide in these novelists’ fictions is loaded with a distinct philosophical sense which demands to be studied closely. Twelve Naturalist novels centered around self-murder, covering a forty-year period (1857-1898), stemming from Flaubert, Goncourt, Zola, Daudet, Maupassant, and Rod, serve as main ground for our investigation of eight chief interrogations, following two main orientations: we first review the diverse natures of suicide, then its many philosophies. Throughout are contemplated the literary and speculative reach of voluntary death
Sitzia, Emilie. "L'artiste entre mythe et réalité dans trois œuvres de Balzac, Goncourt et Zola." Åbo : Åbo Akademis Förlag, 2004. http://books.google.com/books?id=mzRlAAAAMAAJ.
Full textGrenaud, Céline. "L'image de l'hystérie dans la littérature de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle notamment dans "Germinie Lacerteux" d'Edmond et Jules de Goncourt, "L'Evangéliste" d'Alphonse Daudet, "L'hystérique" de Camille Lemonnier, "L'Abbé Jules" d'Octave Mirbeau, "Là-bas" de Joris-Karl Huysmans et "Lourdes" d'Emile Zola." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040119.
Full textHysteria, the uterine fury of Antiquity and Great Neurosis of modernity is the stumbling block against which every objectivizing thought comes up. This study shows how the elusive Proteus was perceived by the authors of the second half of the nineteenth century, particularly by the Goncourts in Germinie Lacerteux, Daudet in L'Évangéliste, Lemonnier in L'Hystérique, Mirbeau in L'Abbé Jules, Huysmans in Là-Bas and Zola in Lourdes. Replaced in its context, hysteria looks like the pathology that is the most capable of reflecting the agonies of a time actually convulsive too. It is presented like a very disturbing spring-loaded object whose tragic opaqueness, uterine ethymology and endemic nature are as many sources to fantasize about. "La Grande Fallace" (the Great Deceptive one), ultimately, leads on to a primordial mythology, questions the authenticity of reality, reflects the mimetic ambitions of fiction and borrows a disordered style and narratology from literature
Rousseau, Marjorie. "Des filles sans joie : Le roman de la prostituée de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle : Espagne, France, Russie." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2020.
Full textWhile prostitution was exploding within the cities, the character of the prostitute flourished in the second part of the nineteenth-Century literature. This new heroine quickly gets the leading part in a soon-To-Be proper literary fictional sub-genre, the “prostitute novel”, whose structure and motifs will be pointed out in our research. We will evoke medical, moral and social discourses about women and prostitutes in the 19th century in order to grasp the numerous roles this character can assume in literature. As a protagonist of the loss and deprivation, the prostitute questions the masculine vision of women, but she also embodies her time’s worries about the multiple social, economical and political transformations happening. She also holds a mirror to existential anxieties about the relationship to the Body, the Other and Death, and appears to be a privileged character for artistic and aesthetic considerations
Couture, Maude. "Les romans de l'écrivain-journaliste d'Illusions perdues à Bel-Ami : continuités et ruptures." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26093.
Full textKheyar, Stibler Lola. "L'encrier, cristal de la conscience : Style et psychologie dans le roman français vers 1880." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030138.
Full textThe 1880’s constitute a determining moment of critical consciousness in the history of literature. This period is marked by the emergence of the psycho-analytical novel (Bourget, Maupassant), to compete with naturalist literature and as a result of a crisis in styles. A new language (Goncourt, Poictevin) breaks with the classic values where clarity and conciseness continue to remain important (Zola and Maupassant). In parallel, experimental psychology (Taine, Ribot, Charcot) and philosophical discourse (Bergson, Schopenhauer) change representations of consciousness. Nerves, hysteria, the unconscious, psychological illness, the renaissance of images and myriad impressions become the new focus of these psychological sciences. The self, from this moment independent and unsettling, both fascinates and influences writers. The renaissance of psychology (before Freud) and the explosive growth of a style in its infancy (before Bally) allow us to understand the epistemological context at the end of the century. This thesis links the scientific, psychological and critical discourse of the 1880s with a corpus of six novels, and develops a study of style in the second part : André Cornélis, Paul Bourget ; Les lauriers sont coupés, Édouard Dujardin ; Fort comme la mort, Guy de Maupassant ; Une page d’amour and La Joie de vivre, Émile Zola, and Chérie, Edmond de Goncourt. The new psychology leads to new models of the self that the novel translates into its own language : It is this set of stylistic changes that this thesis will analyse