Journal articles: 'Education Congo (Democratic Republic) Congo (Democratic Republic)'

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Luabeya, M. K., J. C. Mwanza, K. M. Mukendi, and D. Tshala-Katumbay. "APRONES: Neurology research and education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Neurology 80, no. 19 (May 6, 2013): 1806–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182918c5e.

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Yungu Loleka, Bernard. "Descriptive Modelling of Intergenerational Persistence in Education and the Influence of Family Lineage Descent Systems in The Democratic Republic of Congo." Asian Journal of University Education 17, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i1.12614.

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This study investigates how family lineage descent groups influence the intergenerational transmission of education for the cohorts of 1940-1989 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study applies both transition matrix and intergenerational persistence (IGP) methods, using the father's years of schooling as a proxy for parental education. The findings suggest a pronounced steady persistence in education for the estimated mean regression coefficient over a period of 49 years. Moreover, results by gender indicate that intergenerational persistence in education has significantly decreased for males in recent cohorts but slightly increased for females. Furthermore, findings suggest that intergenerational persistence has been decreasing in matrilineal descent groups in recent cohorts while increasing for the patrilineal descent groups. The study gives a good sense of the relationship between family lineage descent and intergenerational transmission of education in DRC. In addition, it indicates that there is both substantial upward and downward intergenerational education mobility in the country. Keywords: Cohort analysis, Family lineage descent groups, Intergeneration transmission of education, Inter-generational persistence (IGP) methods, The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Transition matrix.

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Eyssette, Jérémie. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Linguistic Temptation: A Comparative Analysis with Rwanda’s Switch-to-English." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619885974.

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The aim of this article is to assess whether the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) is likely to upgrade the status of English by constitutional or educational means. Indeed, neighboring countries such as Rwanda and Burundi adopted English as their official language in 1996 and 2014, but less writing in English is devoted to a potential linguistic transition in DR Congo, the most populous French-speaking country. This article will gauge DR Congo and Rwanda against the four criteria that arguably triggered Rwanda’s switch-to-English: historical factors in current linguistic trends; the role of charismatic leaders in sudden language policy changes; language-in-education policies; and economic incentives. The results of this interdisciplinary investigation into the language dynamics of the Great Lakes region indicate that, reflecting the vehicles of DR Congo’s domestic and regional evolutions, its leaders might be tempted to enhance the status of English as an official language in a way that, contrary to Rwanda’s radical switch-to-English, is more compatible with other languages.

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Luhahi, Jacqueline Nembe Songu. "Leadership of University Women for Development in the Democratic Republic of Congo." African and Asian Studies 14, no. 3 (August 5, 2015): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341340.

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As perceived protectors of the Congolese cultures figuratively and realistically and agents of positive economic and social changes, the role and the place of the Congolese women in general in the development schemes cannot be denied. However, intellectual debates about what the Congolese society at large expects the Congolese university women to contribute to the discourses about development and its various models have not been systematically studied. While, for instance, the discourse about the parity between women and men in the workplace is being promoted by the government, the studies on gender in higher education is still in its infancy. This study investigates women’s role within the context of the evolution of educational systems and their values since the Belgian administration. It examines educational policies in relationship to the models of development that both colonial and post-colonial administrations formulated and implemented. Although the study is essentially a reflection, putting an emphasis on conceptualization and theories, it is also supported by historical and cultural arguments and propositions. It is argued that the Congolese university women have ‘citizenry responsibility’ and ‘university education and engagement’ to propose new leadership role in development. Using historical-structuralist perspectives as developed in social sciences at large, I analyze further the issue of the nature of the relationship between the place and the role of university and that of leadership and development. I raise the issue of whether or not the Congolese university women’s leadership matters in the search for developmental models in the Congo.

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De Herdt, Tom, and Kristof Titeca. "Governance with Empty Pockets: The Education Sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Development and Change 47, no. 3 (April 14, 2016): 472–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dech.12235.

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Emina, Jacques B. O., Henry V. Doctor, and Yazoumé Yé. "Profiling malaria infection among under-five children in the Democratic Republic of Congo." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): e0250550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250550.

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Introduction In 2018, Malaria accounted for 38% of the overall morbidity and 36% of the overall mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to identify malaria socioeconomic predictors among children aged 6–59 months in DRC and to describe a socioeconomic profile of the most-at-risk children aged 6–59 months for malaria infection. Materials and methods This study used data from the 2013 DRC Demographic and Health Survey. The sample included 8,547 children aged 6–59 months who were tested for malaria by microscopy. Malaria infection status, the dependent variable, is a dummy variable characterized as a positive or negative test. The independent variables were child’s sex, age, and living arrangement; mother’s education; household’s socioeconomic variables; province of residence; and type of place of residence. Statistical analyses used the chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) model and logistic regression. Results Of the 8,547 children included in the sample, 25% had malaria infection. Four variables—child’s age, mother’s education, province, and wealth index—were statistically associated with the prevalence of malaria infection in bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis (CHAID and logistic regression). The prevalence of malaria infection increases with child’s age and decreases significantly with mother’s education and the household wealth index. These findings suggest that the prevalence of malaria infection is driven by interactions among environmental factors, socioeconomic characteristics, and probably differences in the implementation of malaria programs across the country. The effect of mother’s education on malaria infection was only significant among under-five children living in Ituri, Kasaï-Central, Haut-Uele, Lomami, Nord-Ubangi, and Maniema provinces, and the effect of wealth index was significant in Mai-Ndombe, Tshopo, and Haut-Katanga provinces. Conclusion Findings from this study could be used for targeting malaria interventions in DRC. Although malaria infection is common across the country, the prevalence of children at high risk for malaria infection varies by province and other background characteristics, including age, mother’s education, wealth index, and place of residence. In light of these findings, designing provincial and multisectoral interventions could be an effective strategy to achieve zero malaria infection in DRC.

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Doocy, Shannon, Jillian Emerson, Elizabeth Colantouni, Johnathan Strong, Kimberly Amundson-Mansen, and Joseph Menakuntuala. "Evaluating interventions to improve child nutrition in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018002859.

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AbstractObjectiveThe prevention of malnutrition in children under two approach (PM2A), women’s empowerment and agricultural interventions have not been widely evaluated in relation to child diet and nutrition outcomes. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of PM2A, women’s empowerment groups (WEG), farmer field schools (FFS) and farmer-to-farmer training (F2F).DesignCommunity-matched quasi-experimental design; outcome measures included children’s dietary diversity, stunting and underweight.SettingCommunities in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ParticipantsA total of 1312 children from 1113 households.ResultsAchievement of minimum dietary diversity ranged from 22·9 to 39·7 % and was significantly greater in the PM2A and FFS groups (P<0·05 for both comparisons). Fewer than 7·6 and 5·8 % of children in any group met minimum meal frequency and acceptable diet targets; only the PM2A group differed significantly from controls (P<0·05 for both comparisons). The endline stunting prevalence ranged from 54·7 % (PM2A) to 69·1 % (F2F) and underweight prevalence from 22·3 % (FFS) to 34·4 % (F2F). No significant differences were found between intervention groups and controls for nutrition measures; however, lower prevalences of stunting (PM2A, −4 %) and underweight (PM2A and FFS, −7 %) suggest potential impact on nutrition outcomes.ConclusionsChildren in the PM2A and FFS groups had better child diet measures and nutrition outcomes with the best results among PM2A beneficiaries. Interventions that address multiple aspects nutrition education, health, ration provision and income generation may be more effective in improving child diet and nutrition in resource-poor settings than stand-alone approaches.

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Mitima, Kashosi T., Steve Ntamako, Achippe M. Birindwa, Ntakwinja Mukanire, John M. Kivukuto, Kibendelwa Tsongo, and Kanigula Mubagwa. "Prevalence of colonization by Streptococcus agalactiae among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 09 (September 12, 2014): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5030.

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Introduction: Maternal vaginal colonization by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) has an important impact on neonatal health but has not been studied in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The aim of this study was to determine its frequency and influencing factors. Methodology: Vaginal samples (n = 509) for bacteriological analysis were collected from women in Bukavu, eastern DR Congo, during their third trimester of pregnancy, along with information about age, education and socio-economic status, and medical and obstetric-gynecological history. Results: The overall GBS colonization rate was 20%. Colonization was significantly associated with low education, history of urinary infection during the pregnancy, history of premature childbirth or abortion, and HIV-positive serology, but was not significantly associated with socio-economic level or parity. Conclusions: The GBS colonization rate is similar to that found elsewhere on the continent. Further studies, with follow-up of neonates of infected mothers and evaluation of prevention/treatment strategies, are needed.

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Carsi Kuhangana, Trésor, Taty Muta Musambo, Joseph Pyana Kitenge, Tony Kayembe-Kitenge, Arlène Kazadi Ngoy, Paul Musa Obadia, Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu, et al. "Energy Drink Consumption among Adolescents Attending Schools in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 7617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147617.

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Background: The consumption of energy drinks (EDs) is increasing in the general population, but little is known about the consumption of EDs among pupils in Africa. This study was designed to assess the consumption of EDs among pupils between 10 and 17 years of age and to assess average caffeine concentrations contained in EDs sold in Lubumbashi. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in five schools using a standardised questionnaire taken face-to-face. Samples of locally purchased EDs were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultra-Violet spectrometry (HPLC-UV). Results: Of 338 pupils (54% girls), 63% reported having consumed at least one ED in the last week and 34% drank at least one ED a day. The cheapest ED was the most widely consumed. Among pupils having consumed at least one ED in the last week, 79% reported consuming it for refreshment and 15% to get energy. For those who reported not consuming EDs, 40% reported that their parents or teachers forbade them to drink EDs. Some (14%) teenagers, mainly boys, mixed ED with alcohol. The concentrations of caffeine measured in twelve brands of EDs ranged from 7.6 to 29.4 mg/100 mL (median 23.3), giving caffeine contents of 37.5 to 160 mg (median 90 mg) per can or bottle. The estimated daily intake of caffeine through EDs was between 51.3 mg and 441.3 mg among those consuming EDs regularly. Conclusion: Our study convincingly demonstrates that caffeine-containing EDs are not only consumed by youngsters living in affluent societies. We documented widespread regular consumption of EDs among (pre-)adolescent schoolchildren living in Lubumbashi, a large city of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In view of the global market expansion of caffeinated EDs, it is reasonable to suspect that similar surveys in other urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa would yield similar findings. Pricing and advertising regulations and education on EDs are necessary to limit the regular consumption of EDs among adolescents.

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Bird, Lyndsay. "Learning about War and Peace in the Great Lakes Region of Africa." Research in Comparative and International Education 2, no. 3 (September 2007): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2007.2.3.176.

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Two-thirds of the world's conflicts are in Africa. In particular, the Great Lakes region (Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Tanzania) continues to see conflicts that are complex, extreme and seemingly intractable. By exploring the narrative experiences of those most affected by the conflicts in the region – specifically refugees from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda living in camps in north-western Tanzania – this article examines to what extent educative processes (holistic formal and informal learning processes) affect people's experience and engagement in violent conflict. The article draws on the author's research that identified different information circuits by which people learned about conflict. In opposition to the common perception that formal schooling effects change, the findings indicated that the primary mechanisms were oral/aural, such as gossip, traditional storytelling and radio. Individual and collective identities were constructed through this process and the research identified how identities could be shifted through different formal and informal educative processes – often through indoctrination or coercion. This article concludes with an indication of alternative strategies for conflict prevention and peacebuilding (particularly within a refugee or similar context). Efforts at peacebuilding continue to falter in the region and this illustrates the need to construct a more inclusive peacemaking process, taking into account the insights and values of those most affected.

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Bobe Alifi Leta, Paul, Jean-Paul Sekele Isouradi Bourley, Fidele Nyimi Bushabu, Frans Vinckier, Octavie Lunguya Metila, and Hippolyte Situakibanza Nani-Tuma. "Epidemiologic analysis of dental cellulitis in Kinshasa city (the Democratic Republic of the Congo)." Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery 25, no. 2 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2018038.

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Introduction: The study aimed to determine the prevalence, describe the sociodemographic profile of individuals with dental cellulitis, and identify its associated factors in a population of Kinshasa. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in October 2017 in five hospital departments in Kinshasa. The sample population consisted of patients with dental cellulitis. Sociodemographic data and factors associated with dental cellulitis were evaluated. Results: Dental cellulitis was found in 12.5% of the subjects, with a slight female predominance (58.2%). A significant difference between patients with cellulitis and those without cellulitis was observed for the following variables: education level, unemployment, and low socioeconomic status (p < 0.05). Dental carious lesions (93.7%) were the most common causative factor, and self-medication (100%) and poor oral hygiene (83.5%) were risk or contributing factors. Univariate analysis showed that for people of ages 16–59 and ≥60 years, education level, unemployment, sugar consumption, and low socioeconomic status were significantly associated with dental cellulitis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that people of ages ≥60 years [odds ratio (OR) 3.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.169–4.14, p = 0.014], non-university status (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.68–4.64, p < 0.001), unemployment (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.73–4.20, p = 0.005), sugar consumption (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.71–4.94, p = 0.036), and low socioeconomic status (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.85–3.01, p = 0.014) were independently associated with dental cellulitis in the study population. Conclusion: Dental cellulitis is a public health problem in the city of Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Mulimbi, Willy, Lawton Nalley, Bruce Dixon, Heather Snell, and Qiuqiong Huang. "Factors Influencing Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 51, no. 04 (July 29, 2019): 622–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2019.25.

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AbstractEmpowering farmers to increase productivity by educating them on conservation agriculture (CA) could contribute to reducing vulnerability, alleviating food insecurity, and fighting poverty while being ecologically sustainable in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This study assesses the effect of a CA-promotion agriculture program. Findings suggest that location of the farm, training, having accessed credit, belonging to a farmers’ group, and being a vulnerable female all drove adoption to varying degrees and directions. Results also suggest that policy makers and CA practitioners should emphasize the ability that CA has to increase income and food security, which could widen CA adoption.

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Saila-Ngita, Diafuka, Victor Ndadi Nkuembe, Jérémie Kimbuku Mavata, and Brigitte Bagnol. "Promoting and monitoring antimicrobial stewardship using veterinary vocational schools in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Australasian Review of African Studies 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22160/22035184/aras-2021-42-1/4-22.

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We conducted a feasibility study of antibiotic stewardship promotion, monitoring and education through veterinary vocational schools using semi-structured interviews and Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats analysis. Seventeen of the 35 veterinary vocational schools of the Kongo Central Province were surveyed. We report four key results. First, all schools were government funded with personnel capable of promoting, monitoring and educating farmers and communities. Second, these schools were well distributed across the country which gives them access to a greater number of farmers. Third, faculty from these schools provided the bulk of veterinary services in their catchment areas. Fourth, vocational schools would benefit from support from universities. This support could focus on transfer of teaching skills and resources sharing.

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Tshiswaka-Kashalala, Gauthier, and Steven F. Koch. "CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND TIME TO FIRST BIRTH." Journal of Demographic Economics 83, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2017.8.

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AbstractAlthough contraception allows women to delay childbirth, stop unwanted childbearing, and postpone childbirth, not all contraception is equally effective, equally easy to access, or equally easy to use. Due to heterogeneity in women’s contraception opportunities and choices, in the effectiveness of the contraception used and even in luck, women differ in both their birth intervals and their age at first childbirth. We explore this heterogeneity, theoretically, incorporating contraception effectiveness and uncertainty (along with potential earnings, contraception costs, and net child benefits) into a potential mother’s childbearing decisions. Empirically, these factors are incorporated into a first hit time duration model, focusing on time to first birth, estimated with data from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The results provide nuanced insights into the income-fertility puzzle. Our evidence suggests that educated women start childbearing later, and are better able to use contraception, even less effective contraception. Thus, there are education-related heterogeneities in contraceptive effectiveness. Further, we find that women using more effective contraception start childbearing at a later age, as do women with better access to contraception. Both improved female education and improved access to modern contraception have the potential to hasten the fertility transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Titeca, K., and T. de Herdt. "Real governance beyond the 'failed state': Negotiating education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." African Affairs 110, no. 439 (February 25, 2011): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr005.

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Mihigo Isidore, Murhi. "Education and Agricultural Productivity in Democratic Republic of Congo: The Case of South-Kivu Province." International Journal of Elementary Education 7, no. 1 (2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20180701.12.

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Bennouna, Cyril, Elburg van Boetzelaer, Lina Rojas, Kinyera Richard, Gang Karume, Marius Nshombo, Leslie Roberts, and Neil Boothby. "Monitoring and reporting attacks on education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Somalia." Disasters 42, no. 2 (August 9, 2017): 314–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/disa.12245.

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Ditekemena, John D., Dalau M. Nkamba, Armand Mutwadi, Hypolite M. Mavoko, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Christophe Luhata, Michael Obimpeh, Stijn Van Hees, Jean B. Nachega, and Robert Colebunders. "COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Survey." Vaccines 9, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020153.

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We investigated the level of willingness for COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Data were collected between 24 August 2020 and 8 September 2020 through an online survey. A total of 4131 responses were included; mean age of respondents was 35 years (standard deviation: 11.5); 68.4% were females; 71% had elementary or secondary school education. One fourth (24.1%) were convinced that COVID-19 did not exist. Overall, 2310 (55.9%) indicated they were willing to be vaccinated. In a multivariable regression model, belonging to the middle and high-income category (OR = 1.85, CI: 1.46–2.35 and OR = 2.91, CI: 2.15–3.93, respectively), being tested for COVID-19 (OR = 4.71, CI: 3.62–6.12; p < 0.001), COVID-19 community vaccine acceptance (OR = 14.45, CI: 2.91–71.65; p = 0.001) and acknowledging the existence of COVID-19 (OR = 6.04, CI: 4.42–8.23; p < 0.001) were associated with an increased willingness to be vaccinated. Being a healthcare worker was associated with a decreased willingness for vaccination (OR = 0.46, CI: 0.36–0.58; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the current willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among citizens of the DRC is too low to dramatically decrease community transmission. Of great concern is the low intention of immunization among healthcare workers. A large sensitization campaign will be needed to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

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Montet, Didier, Jamal Eddine Hazm, Abdelouahab Ouadia, Abdellah Chichi, Mame Samba Mbaye, Michel Bakar Diop, Paul Mobinzo Kapay, et al. "Use of Collective Expertise as a Tool to Reinforce Food Safety Management in Africa." Journal of Food Research 9, no. 3 (April 14, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v9n3p9.

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The Erasmus+ project (2017-2020) entitled Societal Challenges and Governance of African Universities: the case of ALIments in Morocco, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Senegal (DAfrAli) seeks to strengthen the governance capacity of African Higher Education Institutions to mobilize their resources in order to respond to major societal challenges in relation to external stakeholders. A work package consisted of organizing three workshops to use Collective Expertise as a tool for the identification of societal risks, in the area of food safety. These three workshops were conducted in Morocco, in Senegal and in Democratic Republic of Congo. The exercise was performed by country academics with the contribution of the European project partners. Collective Expertise gave results that demonstrated that, with a careful and diversified selection of experts, this methodology can have a deep importance to list the food hazards in a country. The results obtained can induce changes in university curricula, showed the social impacts of food safety, unveiled research needs and training needs for different agents in the food sector and above all the impact in food policy in a country. The collective expertise approach of the determination of hazards also permitted to discuss possible organization models for food risk management in the 3 countries.

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Depaepe, Marc, and Annette Lembagusala Kikumbi. "Educating girls in Congo: An unsolved pedagogical paradox since colonial times?" Policy Futures in Education 16, no. 8 (April 10, 2018): 936–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210318767450.

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Generally speaking, colonial education in Congo did not engender a very great widening of consciousness among the local population. Mostly, it resulted in inevitable submission through discipline and order. This was particularly the case for girls, for which fewer initiatives were taken than for boys. Moreover, gender stereotypes from the ‘mother’ country clearly dominated the evolution of female education in Congo. At best girls were trained for care-taking professions. After independence, some Congolese leaders, like Mulele (the first Minister of Education of the Democratic Republic of Congo) and Mobutu (who called himself ‘the founding president of Zaire’) wanted to break the colonial tradition by putting education in a more authentic African context. However, both educational models – the one of Mulele as well as the one of his adversary Mobutu - were in the end not very successful. The least we can say, at the basis of some oral history, is that the pedagogical paradox between the rhetoric of emancipation and the existing everyday educational realities in Africa is far from being solved.

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Bogren, Malin, Britou Ndela, Carla Toko, and Marie Berg. "Midwifery education, regulation and association in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) – current state and challenges." Global Health Action 13, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 1717409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1717409.

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Mustafa, Nazia, Fahad Haleem, Hina Iqbal, Najm Us Saqib Khan, Omair Ali, and Zakir Hussain. "IS PEACEKEEPER’S STRESS SYNDROME REAL? A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF SOLDIERS AT UN MISSION." PAFMJ 71, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i2.6110.

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Objective: To study the Peacekeeping Stress syndrome and see its relationship with various demographic variables (age, years of service and marital status). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out on Pakistani Peacekeepers who were deployed in Democratic Republic of Congo in Jun 2019. Methodology: About 536 Pakistani male peacekeepers with mean age of 33 years, deployed in Democratic Republic of Congo were taken as study sample. By group testing method, all participants were assessed through Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Urdu version and demographic form consisted of age, marital status, education, years of service and rank. Results: Results revealed that DASS-21 has good reliability (α=0.71) for the present sample and prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among Pakistani peacekeepers was low (2.9%, 4% and 4% respectively). Further to it, there was significant negative correlation of depression and stress with the age and years of service whereas relationship of anxiety with these variables (age and years of service) was non-significant. There were significant mean differences between the married and unmarried peacekeepers on Anxiety and Stress and non-significant on depression. Conclusion: Present study provided useful information regarding the mental health of peacekeepers and highlighted the fact that Pakistani peacekeepers are resilient enough to handle the challenges of international environment.

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Masinda, Mambo T., and Muhindo Muhesi. "Children and adolescents' exposure to traumatic war stressors in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health 16, no. 1 (July 2004): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/17280580409486560.

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Kashala, Espérance, Irene Elgen, Kristian Sommerfelt, and Thorkild Tylleskar. "Teacher ratings of mental health among school children in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 14, no. 4 (July 2005): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-005-0446-y.

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Sumata, Claude, and Jeffrey H. Cohen. "The Congolese diaspora and the politics of remittances." Remittances Review 3, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v3i2.567.

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Economic turmoil and war constitute the main engines fuelling migration in the Democratic Republic of Congo since 1980. The development of migration is accompanied by remittance transfers that impact on the country. The most common use of remittances are to satisfy basic needs and fund specific family events that can include buying land, house construction and opening businesses along with consumption (education, health…). The direct transfer of material goods, such as cars and medical & IT materials, also plays a major role. While most remittances are not used to cover investments; funding education and family wellbeing can support growth and development.

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Mfutu, Charly Mana, Jean-Paul Isouradi Sekele, Fidèle Nyimi Bushabu, Adelin Baudouin Nzudjom Foche, Matthieu Nkumu Loposso, Erick Ntambwe Kamangu, Dieudonné Nyembue Tshiupkane, Jacques Bolenge Ileboso, Clarisse Falanga Mawi, and Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua. "Oral Cancer Lethality in the Dental Department of Kinshasa University Hospital, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Sumerianz Journal of Medical and Healthcare, no. 43 (September 16, 2021): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjmh.43.160.165.

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Background: Despite the scientific advances achieved during this century in cancer management, nevertheless, the cancer disease remains one of the most fatal sickens globally and little data are available on oral cancer mortality in most low-income countries including the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Aim: To assess the frequency of oral cancer mortality in the Department of Dental medicine at the Kinshasa University Hospital. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the records of patients who died from oral cancer was conducted in the Department of Dental Medicine, Kinshasa University Hospital spanning over a period of 20 years (2000 to 2019). The data were collected from the records of patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of cancer. Pertinent parameters included Age, sex, stage of disease, histological type of tumor and probability of survival of patients were evaluated. Results: During the study, 889 patients were hospitalized in the Department. Out of 91 patients who died while in hospital, 49 deaths (53.8%) were from oral cancer in 57% males. Median age was 46.02±19.6 years and sex ratio of male/female of 1.3. The epidermoid or squamous cell carcinoma (63.3%) was the most frequent histological type of malignancy, and the majority of deaths (96%) occurred at and advanced cT4NM clinical stage with 90% having less than 200 days prognostic survival chance. Conclusion: The frequency of lethality in the present study was high and constitutes a health problem concern in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study emphasizes the primary role devoted to oral health professionals in education, population, prevention, early detection and early management of oral cancer.

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Khonde Kumbu, R., K. Mbanzulu Makola, and Lu Bin. "Prevalence ofSchistosoma mansoniInfection in Four Health Areas of Kisantu Health Zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Advances in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6596095.

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Background. Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Democratic Republic of the Congo but estimates of its prevalence vary widely. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection and associated risk factors among children in 4 health areas of Kisantu health zone.Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 4 health areas of Kisantu health zone. 388 children randomly selected were screened forS. mansoniusing Kato Katz technique and the sociodemographic data was collected. Data were entered and encoded using software EpiData version 3.1. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 software.Results. The prevalence ofS. mansoniwas 26.5% (103); almost two-thirds (63) (61.2%) had light infection intensity. A significant association was found betweenS. mansoniinfection and age (p=0.005), educational level (p=0.001), and practices of swimming/bathing (p<0.001) and using water from river/lake/stream for domestic use (p<0.001). Kipasa health area had high prevalence of schistosomiasis (64.6%) (64/99; 95% CI 54.4–74.0) compared to other health areas.Conclusion.Schistosoma mansoniinfection still remains a public health problem in these areas. There is a need to promote health education and promote behavioral changes in children towards schistosomiasis.

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Elonga Mboyo, Jean Pierre. "Reimagining Ubuntu in schools: A perspective from two primary school leaders in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 47, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143217728085.

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Communalism, otherwise known as ‘Ubuntu’ in African literature, has come to signify the philosophical and ethical thought capable of transforming behaviours/lives and restoring the continent’s cultural identity. This potent energy is explored in this article with a critical discussion of the conceptual, cultural and operational statuses of Ubuntu. While inhumanity across Africa has prompted some to question its viability, others – including the author of this article – see, in these testing times, an opportunity to reinvent the concept. Using narrative data from two urban primary head teachers based in Kinshasa/Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the article highlights unique Ubuntu operational patterns of understanding others’ needs, negotiating and prioritising needs, assessing available resources, attending to others’ needs, and raised expectations and commitment to organisational goals. This process, it is noted, can successfully take place in the context of genuine dialogue; a compromise that not only prevents ‘bogus needs’ and looks beyond limited resources, but also serves the interests of both individuals and schools.

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Landis, Debbie, Gary Yu, Sophie Tanner, Caroline Karungu, PA Mallinga, Kathryn Falb, and Lindsay Stark. "The school participation effect: investigating violence and formal education among girls in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 49, no. 5 (May 22, 2018): 817–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2018.1464384.

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Nyenga, Adonis Muganza, Olivier Mukuku, and Janet Ziazia Sunguza. "Risk factors for neonatal sepsis in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo: A retrospective case-control study." Theory and Clinical Practice in Pediatrics 3, no. 1 (2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/tcpp.2021.01.003.

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Purpose: Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Delays in the identification and treatment of NS are the main contributors to the high mortality. This study aims to identify risk factors for NS in newborns in the two university hospitals in Lubumbashi, in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 486 mother-newborn pairs using the systematic sampling method during November 2019 to October 2020. Data were analyzed using STATA software (version 15). Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify the associated factors at 95% CI. Results: A total of 162 cases and 324 controls were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the possible risk factors for NS in this study were low level of education (AOR = 9.16 [2.23-37.67]), maternal genitourinary tract infections (AOR = 42.59 [17.90-101.37]), premature rupture of membranes (AOR = 19.95 [7.27-54.76]), peripartum fever (AOR = 26.25 [2.31-297.83]), prolonged labor (AOR = 14.16 [3.88-51.71]), cesarean section (AOR = 3.57 [1.48-8.61]), obstructed vaginal delivery (AOR = 13.40 [1.32-136.19]), birth weight <1500 grams (AOR = 70.38 [8.64-572.95]), and between 1500-2500 grams (AOR = 7.90 [3.04-20.52]). Conclusion: The study found that maternal and neonatal factors were strongly associated with the risk of developing NS. The present study suggests the possibility of routine assessment of sepsis in newborns born with the above characteristics.

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Lordfred, Achu, Nguyen Toan Tran, Alexis Nzee, Ambrocckha Kabeya, Guy Mukumpuri, Henriette Eke, Brigitte Kini, Alison Greer, and Sennen Hounton. "Midwifery curricula inclusion of sexual and reproductive health in crisis settings in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Nurse Education in Practice 55 (August 2021): 103173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103173.

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Bunduki, Kwany Honore, and Leonie Higgs. "Defining integrated learning: perspectives from alumni of The Christian University in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)." Koers - Bulletin for Christian Scholarship 81, no. 2 (October 31, 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19108/koers.81.2.2255.

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This article examines the various perspectives of alumni from the Christian Bilingual University of the Congo (UCBC) on the topic of integrated learning. In this article, both an understanding and a definition of the concept of integrated learning are achieved by analysing data obtained from the twelve alumni. The tool used was semi-structured interviews. Five themes emerged as part of the definition of the concept. Firstly, integrated learning is a holistic education. Secondly, it is described as a complete education because it deals with all aspects of learners’ lives. Thirdly, integrated learning emphasises theory and practice and, fourthly, it prepares learners to be people of significance in their nation. Fifthly and lastly, it is a learner-centred process focused on building the inner person. These perspectives on integrated learning are judged to be important for Christian universities and higher education practitioners who are all invited to design ways of holistically involving learners in learning. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die verskillende perspektiewe van alumni van die Christian Bilingual University of the Congo (UCBC) oor die onderwerp van geïntegreerde leer. In hierdie artikel word sowel ŉ begrip as ŉ omskrywing van die konsep van geïntegreerde leer bewerkstellig deur data wat van die twaalf alumni verkry is te ontleed. Die metode wat gebruik is, is halfgestruktureerde onderhoude. Vyf temas kan onderskei word as deel van die omskrywing van die konsep. Eerstens is geïntegreerde leer ŉ holistiese opvoeding. Tweedens word dit as ŉ volledige opvoeding beskryf omdat dit oor alle aspekte van leerders se lewens handel. Derdens beklemtoon geïntegreerde leer beide teorie en die praktyk, en vierdens berei dit leerders voor om van betekenis te wees in hul nasie. Vyfdens en laastens is dit ŉ leerdergesentreerde proses wat daarop fokus om die innerlike persoon op te bou. Hierdie perspektiewe oor geïntegreerde leer word as belangrik beskou vir Christen-universiteite en hoëronderwyspraktisyns, wat almal uitgenooi word om met wyses vorendag te kom om leerders holisties by leer te betrek.

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Stanković, Sanja. "Nurse in peacekeeping missions - the experience of Democratic Republic of Congo / Medicinska sestra u mirovnim misijama – iskustvo iz Demokratske republike Kongo." SESTRINSKI ŽURNAL 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2014): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/sez0114046s.

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The obligation of a nurse in the implementation of his/her activities is to apply his expertise respecting the principles of patient rights, ethical and professional principles that support health of the population and each patient personally. The nurse is obliged to keep all data on patient health as a professional secret. Health care is a public activity and subject to control to meet the standard of education. Additional training of nurses depending on the needs of the service may be made in health care facilities or senior centres for training and development.In accordance with the requirements of participation in peacekeeping operations, in addition to the excellent performance of their professional responsabilities, a nurse has to be further educated depending on their specific mission. They must know historical development of ideas and people in the country where they will perform their duties, because regardless of the modernity of medicine in some countries still ruled by the original understanding of healing magic, white magicians... The nurse as a part of the health team is tasked to deal with the prevention, treatment and care, and raising the level of knowledge, education and informing the population about modern approaches to medical problems.In addition to primary task in the treatment and care of patients it is essential that nurses participate in team work. Team is a small group of people who has a common goal whose achievement can be completing each other’s skills and experience of its members. Team work in healthcare is the only way to work.

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Haddow, Andrew D., and Sarah C. Clarke. "Inaccuracies in Google’s Health-Based Knowledge Panels Perpetuate Widespread Misconceptions Involving Infectious Disease Transmission." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 2293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0216.

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Abstract.Google health-based Knowledge Panels were designed to provide users with high-quality basic medical information on a specific condition. However, any errors contained within Knowledge Panels could result in the widespread distribution of inaccurate health information. We explored the potential for inaccuracies to exist within Google’s health-based Knowledge Panels by focusing on a single well-studied pathogen, Ebola virus (EBOV). We then evaluated the accuracy of those transmission modes listed within the Google Ebola Knowledge Panel and investigated the pervasiveness of any misconceptions associated with inaccurate transmission modes among persons living in Africa. We found that the Google Ebola Knowledge Panel inaccurately listed insect bites or stings as modes of EBOV transmission. Our scoping review found 27 articles and reports that revealed that 9 of 11 countries where misconceptions regarding insect transmission of EBOV have been reported are locations of current (i.e., Democratic Republic of Congo and Guinea) or previous EBOV outbreaks. We found reports that up to 26.6% (155/582) of study respondents in Democratic Republic of Congo believed mosquito bite avoidance would prevent EBOV; in other locations of previous large-scale EBOV outbreaks (e.g., Guinea), up to 61.0% (304/498) of respondents believed insects were involved in EBOV transmission. Our findings highlight the potential for errors to exist within the health information contained in Google’s health-based Knowledge Panels. Such errors could perpetuate misconceptions or misinformation, leading to mistrust of health workers and aid agencies and in turn undermining public health education or outbreak response efforts.

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Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua, Guy Kumbali Ngambika, Blaise Mbembo-wa-Mbembo, Kohowe Pagerezo Séraphin, Kogana Kapalata Fabrice, Gédéon Ngiala Bongo, Masengo Ashande Colette, and Djolu Djoza Ruphin. "First Report on Three Cases of Monkey pox in Nord Ubangi Province (Democratic Republic of the Congo)." Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v2i1.117.

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Monkey pox is a rare viral zoonotic disease of which clinical manifestations are similar to smallpox, it is transmitted to humans by direct contact with the body of an infected animal, but the transmission can also be human-to-human. The Democratic Republic of Congo is the most endemic country in the world where almost all provinces are affected by this scourge. However, in the administrative configuration currently, monkey pox has not been detected in Nord Ubangi province yet. This cross-sectional study focuses on three cases of patients diagnosed with monkey pox virus at Businga General Hospital in Nord Ubangi province. The findings show that all the three patients were male with a primary education level and their average age was 9±3.46 years. They had some epidemiological characteristics specific to monkey pox, including high fevers, rashes, pruritus and abdominal pain. After two weeks of symptomatic treatment, each patient was able to get out without further complications. For the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the cases of Monkey pox in Nord Ubangi Province.

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Balegamire, Juvénal Bazilashe. "Children, children's rights and the context of their education in South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Prospects 29, no. 2 (June 1999): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02736917.

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Deutsch-Feldman, Molly, Nicholas F. Brazeau, Jonathan B. Parr, Kyaw L. Thwai, Jeremie Muwonga, Melchior Kashamuka, Antoinette Tshefu Kitoto, et al. "Spatial and epidemiological drivers of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among adults in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 6 (June 2020): e002316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002316.

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BackgroundAdults are frequently infected with malaria and may serve as a reservoir for further transmission, yet we know relatively little about risk factors for adult infections. In this study, we assessed malaria risk factors among adults using samples from the nationally representative, cross-sectional 2013–2014 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We further explored differences in risk factors by urbanicity.MethodsPlasmodium falciparum infection was determined by PCR. Covariates were drawn from the DHS to model individual, community and environmental-level risk factors for infection. Additionally, we used deep sequencing data to estimate the community-level proportions of drug-resistant infections and included these estimates as potential risk factors. All identified factors were assessed for differences in associations by urbanicity.ResultsA total of 16 126 adults were included. Overall prevalence of malaria was 30.3% (SE=1.1) by PCR; province-level prevalence ranged from 6.7% to 58.3%. Only 17% of individuals lived in households with at least one bed-net for every two people, as recommended by the WHO. Protective factors included increasing within-household bed-net coverage (Prevalence Ratio=0.85, 95% CI=0.76–0.95) and modern housing (PR=0.58, 95% CI=0.49–0.69). Community-level protective factors included increased median wealth (PR=0.87, 95% CI=0.83–0.92). Education, wealth, and modern housing showed protective associations in cities but not in rural areas.ConclusionsThe DRC continues to suffer from a high burden of malaria; interventions that target high-risk groups and sustained investment in malaria control are sorely needed. Areas of high prevalence should be prioritised for interventions to target the largest reservoirs for further transmission.

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Mulei, Welissa, Bolanle Larinde, Adedayo Adefioye, Prince Bobo, and Paul Woomer. "Understanding the Perceptions of Secondary School Youth toward Agricultural Careers in Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and Nigeria." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 27, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2020.27462.

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Youth are critical participants in the modernization of African agriculture but often their perception of farming is negative. A baseline survey of 1264 students from eight secondary schools in Democratic Republic (DR) of Congo, Kenya and Nigeria was conducted to assess their attitudes toward career pathways to agriculture and agribusiness. KoboToolBox was used to collect data online before compilation and inspection for errors in Microsoft Excel and exportation into STATA for analysis. Findings were presented as summary statistics, frequencies and multiple linear regression. A large majority (86%) of the students attended agricultural courses and 54% identified agriculture as having a place in their future, but often not as their highest career ambition. Livestock, field cropping, small animal production, and horticulture were the most viable enterprises for the youngsters. Nearly half (46%) that were averse to agriculture as a career path based their decision upon excessive labor requirements (30%), difficulties in securing land (25%), and low returns to effort (20%). Disparities from a country, area and gender perspective were recorded. Perceptions and career plans among the sexes differed; with females having less experience with machinery, and were more drawn to horticulture and agro-processing. Despite unfavorable attitudes toward agriculture, the study established that youth from these countries recognize that opportunity exists from adopting modern farming methods and commercial agricultural enterprises. The results of this study suggest several avenues for future Start Them Early Program activities intended to strengthen career pathways toward agriculture in African secondary schools. Keywords: Africa, agricultural education, career pathways, Start Them Early Program, youth

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Piarroux, R., D. Bompangue, P. Y. Oger, F. Haaser, A. Boinet, and T. Vandevelde. "From research to field action: example of the fight against cholera in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Field Actions Science Reports 2, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/facts-2-69-2009.

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Fabrice, Kibukila, and Nyakio Olivier. "Congolese perception of the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of the city of Uvira." Journal of Medical Research 6, no. 5 (October 28, 2020): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2020.6503.

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Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic, a disease that started in the city of Wuhan, China, is wreaking havoc around the world. Like all nations, Democratic Republic of the Congo is trying, despite limited resources, to reduce the spread of this scourge somewhat by means of prevention measures, the only weapon available to humanity. The objective of this study is to share the different reactions of the Congolese population to this Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: This is a qualitative and observational survey of 898 volunteer people living in the city of Uvira (Province of South Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo) and conducted during a week-long period from March 30 as of April 5, 2020. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS statistics 20 software. Results: the 15 to 30 age group was the most represented (59.1%). All of our respondents claimed to have heard of the Covid-19 (100.0%), and most of it through the media (99.3%). The majority believe that the black race is less affected than the white race (48.7%). Regarding containment measures, 77.5% of our respondents believe that these cannot be observed in the city of Uvira. The proportion of respondents believing that containment measures will not be respected was statistically high in the age group 15 years - 30 years (43.9%; p = 0.039), among respondents with a secondary education level (42.0%; p = 0.000) and among those with an average socioeconomic level (43.0%; p = 0.017). Conclusion: This study, the first in the region, has just supported the image that the Congolese population in general, and that of the city of Uvira in particular, in relation to the Covid-19.

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Langfeldt, Camila Caldeira, and Marit Ursin. "BETWEEN BULLYING AND OTHER VIOLENCES: EXPLORING THE SCHOOL EXPERIENCES OF IMMIGRANT AND REFUGEE CHILDREN AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN DUQUE DE CAXIAS (RJ)." Revista Inter Ação 46, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 624–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ia.v46i2.67833.

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This article explores the main challenges faced by a small group of children from Angola and from the Democratic Republic of Congo in two elementary schools in Duque de Caxias, a municipality part of the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. The article draws from a qualitative multi-method study conducted with children and community members. The empirical material shows that most of the Angolan and Congolese participants of this study suffer different types of peer harassment in school, as bullying and peer coercion. Moreover, the participants experience a triple kind of discrimination in school, first because they are black, second because they are outsiders, and third because they have an African background. KEYWORDS: Child Research. Formal Education. Refugee and Immigrant Children. Refugee Education.

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Siddiqui, M. Ruby, Andrew Willis, Karla Bil, Jatinder Singh, Eric Mukomena Sompwe, and Cono Ariti. "Adherence to Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." F1000Research 4 (February 24, 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6122.1.

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Between 2011 and 2013 the number of recorded malaria cases had more than doubled, and between 2009 and 2013 had increased almost 4-fold in MSF-OCA (Médecins sans Frontières – Operational Centre Amsterdam) programmes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The reasons for this rise are unclear. Incorrect intake of Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) could result in failure to treat the infection and potential recurrence. An adherence study was carried out to assess whether patients were completing the full course of ACT.One hundred and eight malaria patients in Shamwana, Katanga province, DRC were visited in their households the day after ACT was supposed to be completed. They were asked a series of questions about ACT administration and the blister pack was observed (if available).Sixty seven (62.0%) patients were considered probably adherent. This did not take into account the patients that vomited or spat their pills or took them at the incorrect time of day, in which case adherence dropped to 46 (42.6%). The most common reason that patients gave for incomplete/incorrect intake was that they were vomiting or felt unwell (10 patients (24.4%), although the reasons were not recorded for 22 (53.7%) patients). This indicates that there may be poor understanding of the importance of completing the treatment or that the side effects of ACT were significant enough to over-ride the pharmacy instructions.Adherence to ACT was poor in this setting. Health education messages emphasising the need to complete ACT even if patients vomit doses, feel unwell or their health conditions improve should be promoted.

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Siddiqui, M. Ruby, Andrew Willis, Karla Bil, Jatinder Singh, Eric Mukomena Sompwe, and Cono Ariti. "Adherence to Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." F1000Research 4 (April 8, 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6122.2.

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Between 2011 and 2013 the number of recorded malaria cases had more than doubled, and between 2009 and 2013 had increased almost 4-fold in MSF-OCA (Médecins sans Frontières – Operational Centre Amsterdam) programmes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The reasons for this rise are unclear. Incorrect intake of Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) could result in failure to treat the infection and potential recurrence. An adherence study was carried out to assess whether patients were completing the full course of ACT.One hundred and eight malaria patients in Shamwana, Katanga province, DRC were visited in their households the day after ACT was supposed to be completed. They were asked a series of questions about ACT administration and the blister pack was observed (if available).Sixty seven (62.0%) patients were considered probably adherent. This did not take into account the patients that vomited or spat their pills or took them at the incorrect time of day, in which case adherence dropped to 46 (42.6%). The most common reason that patients gave for incomplete/incorrect intake was that they were vomiting or felt unwell (10 patients (24.4%), although the reasons were not recorded for 22 (53.7%) patients). This indicates that there may be poor understanding of the importance of completing the treatment or that the side effects of ACT were significant enough to over-ride the pharmacy instructions.Adherence to ACT was poor in this setting. Health education messages emphasising the need to complete ACT even if patients vomit doses, feel unwell or their health conditions improve should be promoted.

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Bartels, Susan A., Jennifer A. Scott, Jennifer Leaning, Jocelyn T. Kelly, Nina R. Joyce, Denis Mukwege, and Michael J. VanRooyen. "Demographics and Care-Seeking Behaviors of Sexual Violence Survivors in South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 4 (December 2012): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.66.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: One of the most striking features of the ongoing conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the use of sexual violence. In spite of the brutality of these crimes, the experiences of women affected by sexual violence in Eastern DRC remain poorly characterized. This analysis aimed to (1) provide detailed demographics of sexual violence survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital; (2) examine how demographic factors might impact patterns of sexual violence; and (3) describe care-seeking behavior among sexual violence survivors.Methods: The demographics and care-seeking behavior of sexual violence survivors in South Kivu Province were described from a retrospective registry-based study of sexual violence survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital (2004-2008).Results: A total of 4311 records were reviewed. The mean age of survivors was 35 years. Most women (53%) were married, self-identified with the Bashi tribe (65%), and reported agriculture as their livelihood (74%). The mean time delay between sexual assault and seeking care was 10.4 months. Five reasons were identified to help explain the lengthy delays to seeking care: waiting for physical symptoms to develop or worsen before seeking medical attention, lack of means to access medical care, concerns that family would find out about the sexual assault, stigma surrounding sexual violence, and being abducted into sexual slavery for prolonged periods of time.Conclusions: Many sexual assault survivors have very delayed presentations to medical attention. Promoting timely access of medical care may best be facilitated by reducing stigma and by educating women about the benefits of early medical care, even in the absence of injuries or symptoms.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:393-401)

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Loleka, Bernard Yungu. "A descriptive perspective of intergenerational persistence in education and the influence of family lineage descent systems in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação 13, no. 32 (November 25, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20952/revtee.v13i32.14874.

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This study investigates how family lineage descent groups influence the intergenerational transmission of education for the cohorts of 1940-1989 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study applies both transition matrix and intergenerational persistence (IGP) methods, using the father's years of schooling as a proxy for parental education. The findings suggest a pronounced steady persistence in education for the estimated mean regression coefficient over a period of 49 years. Moreover, results by gender indicate that intergenerational persistence in education has significantly decreased for males in recent cohorts but slightly increased for females. Furthermore, findings suggest that intergenerational persistence has been decreasing in matrilineal descent groups in recent cohorts, while increasing for the patrilineal descent groups. The study gives a good sense of the relationship between family lineage descent and intergenerational transmission of education in DRC. In addition, it indicates that there is both substantial upward and downward intergenerational education mobility in the country.

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Ihebuzor, Noel A. "An Incentive Scheme to Increase Female Access to and Completion of Basic Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." OALib 01, no. 07 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101023.

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Ntamabyaliro, Nsengi Y., Christian Burri, Yves N. Lula, Daniel Ishoso, Aline B. Engo, Mireille A. Ngale, Jerry Y. Liwono, et al. "Knowledge of Antimalarials and Health Seeking Behaviour of Households in Case of Suspected Malaria in Democratic Republic of the Congo." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6030157.

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(1) Background: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is heavily affected by malaria despite availability of effective treatments. Ignorance and unrecommended behaviour toward a suspected malaria case in households may contribute to this problem. (2) Method: In communities of one rural and one urban Health Centres in each of the 11 previous provinces of DRC, all households with a case of malaria in the 15 days prior to the survey were selected. The patient or caregiver (responder) were interviewed. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of knowledge of recommended antimalarials and adequate behaviour in case of suspected malaria. (3) Results: 1732 households participated; about 62% (1060/1721) of the responders were informed about antimalarials, 70.1% (742/1059) knew the recommended antimalarials and 58.6% (995/1699) resorted to self-medication. Predictors of knowledge of antimalarials were education to secondary school or university, information from media and smaller households. Predictors of good behaviour were Catholic religion and smaller households. Receiving information from Community Health Workers (CHWs) failed to be determinants of knowledge or adequate behaviour. (4) Conclusion: malaria control in DRC is hampered by ignorance and non-adherence to national recommendations. These aspects are influenced by unsuccessful communication, size of households and level of education.

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Ditekemena, John D., Hypolite M. Mavoko, Michael Obimpeh, Stijn Van Hees, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Dalau M. Nkamba, Antoinette Tshefu, Wim Van Damme, Jean Jacques Muyembe, and Robert Colebunders. "Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Results of Two Consecutive Online Surveys." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052525.

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Adherence to preventive measures is essential to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Two online surveys were conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from 23 April to 8 June 2020, and from August 24th to September 8th, respectively. A total of 3268 (round 1) and 4160 (round 2) participants were included. In both surveys, there was a moderate level of adherence to regular handwashing (85% and 77%, respectively), wearing of facemasks (41.4% and 69%, respectively), and respecting physical distancing (58% and 43.4%, respectively). The second survey found that, working in private (OR = 2.31, CI: 1.66–3.22; p < 0.001) and public organizations (OR = 1.61, CI: 1.04–2.49; p = 0.032) and being a healthcare worker (OR = 2.19, CI: 1.57–3.05; p < 0.001) significantly increased the odds for better adherence. However, a unit increase in age (OR = 0.99, CI: 0.98–0.99; p < 0.026), having attained lower education levels (OR = 0.60, CI: 0.46–0.78; p < 0.001), living in a room (OR = 0.36, CI: 0.15–0.89; p = 0.027), living in a studio (OR = 0.26, CI: 0.11–0.61; p = 0.002) and apartment (OR = 0.29, CI: 0.10–0.82; p = 0.019) significantly decreased the odds for better adherence. We recommend a multi-sectorial approach to monitor and respond to the pandemic threat. While physical distancing may be difficult in Africa, it should be possible to increase the use of facemasks.

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Larysa, Oleksiienko A., Balanaieva V. Oksana, Trubitsyna M. Olga, Mamonova I. Olena, and Polytsia D. Tetiana. "Interactive methods of teaching foreign languages in higher education institutions." Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação 13, no. 32 (December 13, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20952/revtee.v13i32.14960.

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This study investigates how family lineage descent groups influence the intergenerational transmission of education for the cohorts of 1940-1989 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study applies both transition matrix and intergenerational persistence (IGP) methods, using the father's years of schooling as a proxy for parental education. The findings suggest a pronounced steady persistence in education for the estimated mean regression coefficient over a period of 49 years. Moreover, results by gender indicate that intergenerational persistence in education has significantly decreased for males in recent cohorts but slightly increased for females. Furthermore, findings suggest that intergenerational persistence has been decreasing in matrilineal descent groups in recent cohorts, while increasing for the patrilineal descent groups. The study gives a good sense of the relationship between family lineage descent and intergenerational transmission of education in DRC. In addition, it indicates that there is both substantial upward and downward intergenerational education mobility in the country.

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Carsi Kuhangana, Trésor, Caleb Kamanda Mbayo, Joseph Pyana Kitenge, Arlène Kazadi Ngoy, Taty Muta Musambo, Paul Musa Obadia, Patrick D. M. C. Katoto, Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu, and Benoit Nemery. "COVID-19 Pandemic: Knowledge and Attitudes in Public Markets in the Former Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 7441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207441.

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Background. Public markets were exempted from the restrictive regulations instituted to limit the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In the early stage of the pandemic, we assessed people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior on public markets towards COVID-19. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 16 to 29 April 2020 among sellers and customers frequenting the food sections of ten public markets in three large cities (Kolwezi, Likasi, and Lubumbashi) and one small town (Lwambo) of the former Katanga province. We administered a questionnaire on knowledge (about clinical characteristics, transmission and prevention) and on attitudes in relation to COVID-19. We also observed prevailing practices (hand-washing and mask-wearing). Results: Of the 347 included participants (83% women, 83% sellers), most had low socioeconomic status and a low level of education. Only 30% of participants had correct knowledge of COVID-19. The majority of the respondents (88%) showed no confidence in the government’s ability to manage the upcoming pandemic crisis. Nearly all respondents (98%) were concerned about the associated increase in food insecurity. Preventive practices were rarely in place. Conclusion: For an effective implementation of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in Africa, appropriate health education programs to improve knowledge and attitudes are warranted among the population frequenting public markets.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Education Congo (Democratic Republic) Congo (Democratic Republic)'

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