Dissertations / Theses: 'Education Costa Rica Costa Rica'

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Hagtorn, Frida, and Grigoriy Larsson. "Pressure ulcer prevention in Costa Rica." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2134.

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Background Pressure ulcers are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear or a combination of these. The consequences of pressure ulcers are contributing to higher risk of morbidity and mortality. It also increases costs to society and causing suffering affecting the quality of life for individuals. Research shows that patients often do not get access to those interventions with the highest evidence-based utility. Many times, there can be great differences within countries regarding interventions that reaches the patients. Aim The aim of the study was to describe pressure ulcers prevention by registered nurses in San José, Costa Rica. Method A qualitative design with semi-structured interviews was used. The study consisted of interviews with six registered nurses whereof one was an included pilot interview. The data process consisted of recording the interviews, transcription and a qualitative content analysis. Findings The main findings show that there is insufficient knowledge regarding pressure ulcer prevention and that there is a lacking ability to implement the existing knowledge into daily practice. Conclusion Strategies are needed to implement routines regarding pressure ulcer prevention and broader knowledge is needed to enable the registered nurses to follow these routines and to perform accurate and evidence based care. The lack of resources and time influence the ability to fulfil professional responsibilities regarding pressure ulcer prevention. The management have the important task to make sure that the needed knowledge and resources exists so that the staff can fulfil their work duties.

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Fischel, Astrid. "Politics and education in Costa Rica, 1880-1930." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303066.

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Burhans, Jay Scot 1955. "An assessment of manpower and formal education needs in Extension in Costa Rica." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276890.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the rural Extension manpower needs and the needs for formal education in Extension in Costa Rica. The study surveyed all current Extension professionals of the Costa Rican Ministry of Agriculture Extension system to determine their educational qualifications, education in Extension, opinions regarding the educational qualifications needed to enter an Extension position and the levels of education appropriate for formal Extension education at time of the study and in 15 years and their perceptions of the current and future needs for Extension manpower in Costa Rica. Findings included: (1) all Extension professionals had a secondary level diploma and 55 percent held university level qualifications; (2) formal education was the most reported type of education in Extension; (3) twenty-five percent had neither formal education nor training in Extension; (4) the education qualifications needed and the levels of education appropriate for formal education in Extension were perceived as shifting upwards during the next 15 years; and (5) a 33 percent current and a 102 percent future increase in Extension manpower was perceived as necessary to meet clientele needs.

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Clark, Sara. "Hosting in Costa Rica: A Mix of Money and Motherhood." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19188.

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This thesis explores perspectives of 30 women hosting international students in a rural, coastal town in Costa Rica through an International Studies lens - interdisciplinary, critical, and bridging theory and practice. Analysis of 30 semi-structured interview sessions, which included 2 questionnaires, conducted over 10 weeks living with 3 host mothers contributes to understanding the impact of study abroad on host families. Hosting is discussed as a preferred form of paid care work in that it is flexible and enjoyable. Women host for the income as well as for the joy of mothering students. Host perspectives are shared regarding benefits and challenges of and lessons learned from hosting. Recommendations are made for homestay program administrators and international educators, including recommendations for addressing power dynamics to ensure reciprocal exchanges.

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Mahon, Mary Kathleen. "Todo lo puede| Promoting agency in poor children in Costa Rica." Thesis, Biola University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3666734.

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This study was conducted to contribute a qualitative inquiry regarding the role of teachers in the education of children who were born into the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty (ITP) cycle in Latin America. Education is key to help students pull themselves out of poverty and yet the drop-out rates in primary school among children born into poverty in Latin America remains high. The purpose of the case study was to discover and describe how teachers can foster agency in students born into poverty. Agency is ability to initiate and carry out activities on one's own. The research focused on teachers' beliefs and assumptions about their students, the teachers' methodologies, the students' expressions of agency, and the construction of a Christian identity in the students.

Data were collected through focus groups interviews with 3^rd and 4^th grade students, teacher interviews, and observations in a Christian elementary school affiliated with Latin America ChildCare and Fundación PIEDAD located in a zone of social vulnerability in San José, Costa Rica.

Four practices within the educational community emerged from the data as promoting agency within students: (a) the use of adaptive constructivism techniques in education, (b) a focus on agency in the identity development of the students, (c) the use of narrative for meaning making in the lives of the students, and (d) the fostering of an experiential spirituality among the students, teachers, and staff.

Recommendations for further research include longitudinal studies of students born into poverty, the role of agency in fostering school retention in secondary school, and studies of intrinsic motivations of students born into poverty.

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Viquez-Abarca, Rosibel. "Public higher education, the knowledge economy and regional development in Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1594.

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This thesis concerns, firstly, the role of public higher education institutions, in particular the Distance Learning University (UNED), in the new economy model being encouraged in Costa Rica and, secondly, the role that public higher education could play in an alternative model of development which is more socially and regionally balanced. Until the 1980s, Costa Rica possessed a well-governed and stable political-economy but imbalanced at the same time since it promoted uneven development between the central region on the one hand and the peripheral regions on the other. Since the mid-1990s, the country has developed a strategy to move from an export-led growth economy to one based on foreign direct investment. In such a scenario, the Knowledge-Based Economy model was introduced as an option to speed up the pace of development. Nonetheless, the new model has faced several changes to the original plan. It moved from an open economy attracting high technology investment to practically any kind of foreign direct investment (FDI). The resulting model has implied negative consequences in terms of sustainability and social development. One consequence is a minimum impact on the skill level of the work force. Another consequence has been a low level of investment in infrastructure (particularly in peripheral areas). Additionally some of these activities favoured by the new model imply damage to the natural environment. The present research shows that the new model of the Costa Rican economy still encourages uneven development, generating different trajectories of growth not only among the regions but also inside them. In terms of the public universities, the institutional transformation that is taking place globally prompts these institutions to solve the problems of the labour market through supplying the necessary trained people. Three key questions were addressed in this thesis, in order to present a perspective on the Costa Rican process: (1) Has Costa Rica become a more Knowledge-Based Economy in the last 30 years?; (2) What role have public universities played in this and what role has UNED specifically played?; and (3) How could UNED contribute in order to accomplish a more regionally-balanced Knowledge-Based Economy model? Drawing on quantitative data and interviews with actors from different sectors, the research demonstrates that Costa Rica has been endorsing an open economy, where the attraction of FDI is related not only to high technology industry, as the Knowledge-Based Economy model assumes, but to change in all of the traditional economic sectors of the country. Paradoxically, the companies of the new economy are looking for those qualified to technician-level, rather than to those with higher-level qualifications. In terms of the institutional transformation, public universities in general and UNED in particular are immersed in stress promoted by at least four contradictory internal and external discourses. One is the entrepreneurial university discourse which is a properly discourse of the KBE, close to utilitarian approaches. Second is the university as entrepreneur’s promoters. The third is the university as a central government partner to attract FDI. The fourth is the traditional discourse of state-funded educational institutions’ mandate for education to build collective responsibility and social justice. Finally, in terms of an alternative role, the thesis presents an option for the public universities to challenge the territorial inequalities implicit within current strategies by focusing more on the peripheral territories.

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Romeo, Peggy Arlyn. "Cross-cultural field experiences in Costa Rica a qualitative study of teacher change /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2122.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 228 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-210).

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Blum, Andrea. "The social shaping of environmental education policy and practice in Monteverde, Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536535.

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Cowherd, Robert Eugene. "The Effects of Food Insecurity on Mental Wellbeing in Monteverde Costa Rica." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4302.

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The rapid expansion of ecotourism in the Monteverde zone of Costa Rica has increased the incidence in food insecurity in the area. Changes in food preferences and availability have led to a more homogenized diet that is increasingly delocalized and reliant on processed foods. Additionally, there has been a rapid economic shift away from agricultural and dairy farming to an economy more reliant on tourism. This NSF supported study builds upon data from a longitudinal investigation (#BNS 0753017) examining the nutritional effects of this rapid economic transition. Using a mixed methods approach, a culturally appropriate scale of stress was developed and used in conjunction with the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, and the Hopkins Symptom Check List to explore the relationship between food insecurity and mental health among residents of the Monteverde zone. Quantitative results show that food insecurity correlated positively with stress, depression and anxiety, and was found to be a significant predictor of stress and depression

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Morales, Zuniga Luis Carlos. "Politicidad nacional y transnacionalidad político-educativa: la Educación Cívica en Costa Rica 1886-2015." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22914.

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Diese Forschung untersucht die lehrplanmäßige, pädagogische und didaktische Entwicklung der staatsbürgerlichen Bildung in Costa Rica im Zeitraum von 1886 bis 2015. Die Analyse wurde unter Berücksichtigung der nationalen Politik durchgeführt, indem unterschiedliche Situationen, Akteure, Tendenzen und politisch-pädagogischen Spannungen in Zusammenhang mit dem Lehrplan und der didaktischen Artikulation der politischen Bildung gesetzt wurden. Es wird angenommen, dass die Perspektive der bildungspolitischen Internationalisierung unterschiedliche Momente, Akteure und transnationale Prozesse bei der Artikulation der staatsbürgerlichen Bildung in Costa Rica einnimmt. Auf Grundlage der Kombination nationaler Politik und transnationalen politisch-pädagogischen Trends können drei Schlüsselmomente in der Entwicklung der Staatsbürgerschaftsbildung in Costa Rica identifiziert werden: Der erste Moment zeichnet sich zwischen 1886 und 1949 ab und ist gekennzeichnet durch die Dominanz republikanischer und liberaler politischer Gruppen in der nationalen Politik, die den staatsbürgerlichen Unterricht an zentraler Stelle im nationalen Lehrplan positionierten und mit französischen Ideen der Bürgerbildung unterfüttern. Auch der Einfluss des Instituto Pedagógico de Chile, in dem in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts relevante Persönlichkeiten im Bereich des staatsbürgerlichen Unterrichts des Landes ausgebildet wurden, schlägt sich nieder. Der zweite Moment ab 1949 nach dem letzten Bürgerkrieg im Land und der Gründung der zweiten Republik war geprägt von der Dominanz der sozialdemokratischen Ideologie und der nationalen Befreiungspartei in der nationalen Politik. Die politische Bildung orientierte sich in dieser Zeit am demokratischen, antikommunistischen Diskurs und später an der Friedenserziehung aufgrund der Befriedung Mittelamerikas und des Friedensnobelpreises, der 1987 an den ehemaligen Präsidenten Oscar Arias verliehen wurde. Schließlich konzentrierte sich die Forschung auf die Haupttrends in Bezug auf politisch-pädagogische, pädagogische und lehrplanmäßige Transformationen, die in den ersten Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts bis 2015 stattfanden.
This research studies the curricular, pedagogical, and didactic evolution of Citizenship Education in Costa Rica for the period from 1886 -2015. The analysis has been carried out taking into account national politics, that is, the different situations, actors, tendencies, and political-educational tensions around the curricular and didactic articulation of Civic Education. The perspective of educational political internationalization is also assumed to observe different moments, agents, and transnational processes in the articulation of Citizenship Education in Costa Rica. There are three key moments in the evolution of Costa Rican Citizenship Education, as a result of the combination of national politics and transnational political-educational trends. The process developed between 1886 and 1949, characterized by the dominance in national politics of republican and liberal political groups, who positioned Civic Instruction in a central place in the national curriculum and came into contact with French ideas of citizen education and also with the Pedagogical Institute of Chile, in which relevant figures in the field of Civic Instruction of the country were formed during the first half of the 20th century. The second moment from 1949, after the last Civil War in the country and the founding of the Second Republic, was characterized by the dominance of the social-democratic ideology in national politics and the National Liberation Party. Civic Education was oriented in this period by democratic, anti-communist discourse and later by education for peace due to the pacification of Central America and the Nobel Peace Prize awarded to former president Oscar Arias in 1987. Finally the research focused on the main trends in political-educational, pedagogical, and curricular transformations that occurred during the first years of the 19th century until 2015.
En esta investigación se estudia la evolución curricular, pedagógica y didáctica de la formación para la ciudadanía en Costa Rica durante el periodo 1886-2015. Se asume también la perspectiva de la internacionalización político educativa para observar distintos momentos, agentes y procesos transnacionales en la articulación de la educación para la ciudadanía en Costa Rica. Se distinguen tres momentos claves en la evolución de la educación para la ciudadanía, en los que la politicidad nacional y las tendencias político-educativas transnacionales dieron como resultante histórica distintas versiones de formación para la ciudadanía en Costa Rica. Un primer momento fue el comprendido entre 1886 y 1949, caracterizado por el dominio en la política nacional de las ideas y los grupos políticos republicanos y liberales, quienes posicionaron la Instrucción Cívica en un lugar central del currículo nacional.El segundo momento a partir de 1949, después de la última Guerra Civil del país y la fundación de la Segunda República, se caracterizó por el dominio en la política nacional de la socialdemocracia y del Partido Liberación Nacional. La Educación Cívica estuvo orientada en este período por el discurso democrático, anticomunista y más tarde por la educación para la paz debido a la pacificación de Centroamérica y el premio Nobel de la Paz otorgado al expresidente Oscar Arias en 1987. Un resultado de este proceso fue la implementación de la asignatura de Estudios Sociales procedente de Estados Unidos, asignatura que incluyó las materias de Historia, Geografía y Educación Cívica. Finalmente, se estudian las principales tendencias y transformaciones político-educativas, pedagógicas y curriculares que se produjeron durante los primeros años del siglo XIX hasta 2015.

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Carballo, Chaves Pablo E. "El discurso social sobre la desigualdad social y la educación pública en Costa Rica 2006-2020." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670432.

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En el marc dels canvis històrics esdevinguts a Costa Rica, he pres la perspectiva d’estudi sobre la desigualtat social i la desigualtat educativa com a part de les principals amenaces a la cohesió social i al respecte social. Per mitjà d’un estudi discursiu, específicament sota la categoria de discurs social, he abordat la reconstrucció de la desigualtat social i també la desigualtat educativa costa-riquenya a partir de l’any 2006 i fins al 2020, moment de finalització de la investigació. La pregunta que articula la tesi és: ¿com s’ha construït el discurs social a Costa Rica sobre la desigualtat social i l’educació pública des de les narratives de l’elit de govern, l’oposició parlamentària, i els sindicats, sota els períodes de govern de el Partit Liberación Nacional (PLN: 2006-2014) i el Partit Acción Ciudadana (PAC: 2014-2022)? He estudiat el govern, l’oposició i els sindicats com a grups narratius, els quals tenen especificitats en la forma de valorar i produir una lectura del que passa al país, sobretot, pel que fa a la desigualtat social i l’educació pública. He fet una anàlisi qualitativa de cadascun tot creant categories que capten els principals punts d’acord sobre la desigualtat social ieducativa durant quatre períodes de govern que han dirigit el país en aquest interval de temps. Les categories centrals de l’anàlisi han estat la redistribució i el reconeixement (Fraser, 2006). Per a cada període he pres una política econòmica i una política educativa com a principal eix de reconstrucció i anàlisi. Alhora, he analitzat de quina manera cada grup narragiu elabora una narració, planteja arguments i defensa els seus interessos. He arribat a les següents conclusions sobre el discurs social amb què les elits del país han interpretat la desigualtat social a Costa Rica. En primer lloc, l’elit de govern ha variat la seva narració des d’una “elit visionària” cap a una lògica de “elit inclusiva”, tot seguint la via ded progressisme multicultural que es troba més a prop del liberalisme i del neoliberalisme. En segon lloc, aquesta variació ha provocat problemes de desplaçament (Fraser, 2006), perquè ha situat la injustícia i la desigualtat en el pla merament identitari, i ha deixat de banda l’estructura socioeconòmica que remarquen les reflexions crítiques sobre el capitalisme. En tercer lloc, des de 2006 l’oposició parlamentària s’ha anat fragmentant fins a deixar veure una nova faceta molt més conservadora / religiosa que ha creat un front contrari a aquest progressisme. Això ha impregnat el discurs social de reïficació (Fraser, 2006) en la mesura que s’han estès discursos amb lògiques cap a dins que no connecten amb altres grups. En quart lloc, el grup narratiu sindical també ha desembocat en la reïficació. Malgrat la seva força històrica, ara es pateix una forta deslegitimació, acompanyada de saturació i demandes professionals (sobretot les i els treballadors de sector docència, principalment a primària i secundària), la qual cosa els exposa a una greu culpabilització social i victimització a causa de la mateixa desigualtat social.
En el marco de los cambios históricos que se vienen dando en Costa Rica, se ha tomado la perspectiva de estudio sobre la desigualdad social y la desigualdad educativa como parte de las principales amenazas a la cohesión social y respeto social. Por medio de un estudio discursivo, específicamente bajo la categoría de discurso social se aborda la reconstrucción de la desigualdad social y también la desigualdad educativa costarricense a partir del año 2006 y hasta el 2020 momento de finalización de la investigación. La pregunta que articula la tesis es: ¿Cómo se ha construido el discurso social en Costa Rica sobre la desigualdad social y la educación pública costarricense desde las narrativas de la élite de gobierno, la oposición parlamentaria, y los sindicatos, bajo los períodos de gobierno del Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN: 2006-2014) y el Partido Acción Ciudadana (PAC: 2014-2022)? A partir de dicha categoría -discurso social- se establecen lo que se denominan grupos narrativos, como grupos que tienen especificidades en su forma de valorar y producir su propia lectura de lo que acontece en el país según su conexión con la desigualdad social y la situación con la educación pública. Los tres grupos narrativos seleccionados son la élite de gobierno, la oposición parlamentaria y los sindicatos. Cada grupo narrativo es estudiado por medio de la metodología cualitativa, en donde se han creado categorías para poder captar lo que se articula de acuerdo a la desigualdad social y desigualdad educativa, por cada período de gobierno, que son cuatro. Las categorías centrales de esta fase son: Redistribución y Reconocimiento (Fraser, 2006). Para cada período se tomó dos políticas de gobierno central (una para política económica y otra para política educativa), que orientara la discusión y tener un eje del cual partir en el proceso de reconstrucción y análisis. Y a su vez, paralelamente otro grupo categorial relacionado con el discurso social, que son narración, argumento e intereses. Entre las más destacadas conclusiones está que el discurso social de la desigualdad social de Costa Rica según la élite de gobierno está variando su narración desde una “élite visionaria” hacia una lógica de “élite inclusiva”, eso en primer lugar; tomando un sendero de progresismo multicultural que se encuentra más cerca con el liberalismo y también con el neoliberalismo. En segundo lugar, que parece que está decantando en problemas de desplazamiento (Fraser, 2006), esto es, ubicar el problema de la injusticia y la desigualdad en el plano meramente identitario, y no abordando el problema de la estructura socio-económica propias de las reflexiones críticas sobre el capitalismo. Tercero, la oposición parlamentaria en los casi 15 años de estudio, desde 2006, ha ido fragmentándose hasta dejar ver una nueva faceta mucho más conservadora/religiosa que ha creado un frente contrario a dicho progresismo, que ha generado problemas de reificación (Fraser, 2006). Es decir, lógicas hacia dentro que no conectan con otros grupos. Y, cuarto, también con un grupo sindical -los trabajadores públicos principalmente- que, pese a su fuerza histórica, ahora se ven asediados por problemas de deslegitimación, saturación y demandas profesionales (sobre todo las y los trabajadores del sector docencia, principalmente en primaria y secundaria). Y, también, culpabilización social de los trabajadores y victimización debido a la misma desigualdad social.
Historical changes that are taking place in Costa Rica. From a perspective on social inequality and educational inequality this study takes the stand point of threats to social cohesion and social respect. Using discursive studies, specifically under the category of social discourse, the reconstruction of social inequality and also Costa Rican educational inequality is addressed from 2006 to 2020, when the research ends. The question that articulates the thesis is: How has the social discourse in Costa Rica on social inequality and public education been constructed from the narratives of the governing elite, the parliamentary opposition, and the unions, under the periods of government of the Liberación Nacional party (PLN: 2006-2014) y Acción Ciudadana party (PAC: 2014-2022)? From this category -social discourse- narrative groups are established. Groups that have specificities in their way of evaluating and producing their own perspective of what happens in the country according to their connection with social inequality and the situation with public education. The three selected narrative groups are: the government elite, the parliamentary opposition, and the unions. Each narrative group is studied over time, through a qualitative methodology, where categories have been created to capture what is articulated according to social inequality and educational inequality (for each period of government, which are four). The central categories of this phase are: Redistribution and Recognition (Fraser, 2006). For each period, two central government policies were adopted (one for economic policy and other for educational policy), which would guide the discussion and have an axis from which generate the reconstruction and analysis process. And, parallel to that, another categorial scheme related to social discourse, which are: narration, arguments and interests. Among the most outstanding conclusions is that, in the first place, the social discourse of social inequality in Costa Rica is that according with government elite, the narrative is changing from a "visionary elite" to a logic of "inclusive elite". Taking a path of multicultural progressivism which is closer to liberalism and also to liberalism. Second, it seems that it is decanting in displacement problems (Fraser, 2006), this is: to locate the problem of injustice and inequality on the purely identity plane, and not addressing the problem of the socio-economic structure typical of critical reflections on the capitalism. Third, the parliamentary opposition in the almost 15 years of study -since 2006-, has been fragmenting until it shows a new, much more conservative/religious facet that has created a front contrary to progressivism, which has generated reification problems (Fraser, 2006) that is, inward logic that does not connect with other groups. And lastly, also with a union group -mainly public workers- that, despite their historical strength, are now besieged by problems of delegitimization, saturation and professional demands (especially teaching workers, mainly in primary and secondary). And, also social blaming of workers and victimization due to the same social inequality.

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Eames, Kerri A. "A Case Study of Third-Age Adult Women and Education in Costa Rica: A Catalyst for Social Change." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1237929441.

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Riggle, MaryLou. "Spiritual formation implications for theological education a case study Seminario Nazareno de las Americas, San Jose, Costa Rica /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 1989. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p021-0016.

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Axelsson, Anna-Karin, and Carolina Ekström. ""Nothing can be changed if the people don’t change" : Costa Rican registered nurses’ views and experiences of caring for patients with dengue fever." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-452.

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Dengue fever has increased to the point where it has become a major international public health and economical problem, mainly in urban and semi-urban areas in tropical and subtropical regions. Worldwide 2,5 billion people live in regions where dengue can be transmitted and approximately 100 million people get infected yearly. In 2002 there was a great outbreak in Latin America, and Costa Rica was in the top three regarding reported cases. At the time of writing, reports show that cases of dengue are currently low in Costa Rica. Although the figures vary, dengue remains a public health problem. This study aimed to describe Costa Rican registered nurses’ views and experiences of caring for patients with dengue fever. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews and conducted with eight registered nurses from Costa Rica, and analysed with qualitative content analysis method with search for similarities and differences which later were categorized. The result was divided into five categories; the conception about dengue fever, caring, patient education, prevention and the future. The result showed a similar perception of the disease and was described as terrible, causing a lot of suffering for the patient, as well as a burden on the health care, that requires large financial resources. To control dengue and suppress the proliferation it is important to have different preventive means and to educate people to achieve a change of the mindset.

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Garro, Garita Gilberto. "The relationship between school effectiveness and selected variables associated with principals' effectiveness in public academic secondary schools in San Jose, Costa Rica /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265143145361.

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Oskarsson, Charlotta, Jasmine Andersson, and Christina Tilly. "Barns olika sätt att lära sig skriftspråket : -en studie av några lärares uppfattningar och pedagogiska arbete, i Sverige och Costa Rica." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-282.

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Det pedagogiska intresset för ”lärstilar” har under senaste åren ökat och barns individualitet i skriftspråkstillägnandet uttrycks även i andra sammanhang. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa och diskutera hur man kan se på och arbeta med barns olika sätt att lära i läs- och skrivundervisningen. Vidare är studien inriktad mot att belysa studieområdet ur en vidare kontext då den empiriska undersökningen genomförts både i Sverige och i Costa Rica med en kombination av intervjuer och observationer. Utifrån en kulturell och utbildningspolitisk kontext belyses variationer och likheter i lärarnas möjligheter och förutsättningar att beakta barns olika sätt att lära sig skriftspråket. Av resultatet framkommer att lärarna påvisar en viss form av beaktande av barns olika sätt att lära skriftspråket främst i form av en inriktning mot individualisering utifrån varje individs nivå och arbetstakt. De uppvisar en ambition att individanpassa undervisningen både i Sverige och i Costa Rica men undervisningen förefaller trots detta vara inriktad mot gemensamma moment. Genom att variera den gemensamma undervisningen, bland annat genom att blanda analytiska och syntetiska läs- och skrivmetoder, försöker lärarna tillgodose barns olika sätt att lära. De intervjuade lärarna framhåller dessutom motivationen hos eleverna som en avgörande faktor för ett framgångsrikt skriftspråkstillägnande och poängterar underhållande arbetssätt och skapandet av intresse hos eleverna som betydelsefulla inslag i undervisningen. Vidare tyder studiens resultat på att till skillnad mot i Sverige framhålls i Costa Rica verbala förmågor då observationer och styrdokument visar på en fokusering av muntliga undervisningsformer. Studiens resultat antyder dessutom att förutsättningar och möjligheter att beakta barns olika sätt att tillägna sig skriftspråket skiljer sig åt mellan de olika kontexterna, främst i form av att de ekonomiska resurserna i Costa Rica inte möjliggör förverkligande av lärarnas pedagogiska ambitioner.

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Horta, Elizabeth. "Se Vosea en Costa Rica." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/18.

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Something happens visiting a Spanish speaking country, where linguistic characteristics are not uniform throughout the country or region. Specifically, this research emerged from lack of knowledge of the pronoun vos, to acquire information to its introduction in the country of Costa Rica, its use, and variants, and the reasoning behind its prevalence in metropolitan regions, and certain regions around the Pitzer College Firestone Center.

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Bravo, Cóppola Laura Inés. "Percepciones y opiniones hacia la educación inclusiva del profesorado y de las/os equipos directivos de los centros educativos de la Dirección Regional de Enseñanza de Cartago en Costa Rica." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/31675.

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Vöhringer, Frank. "Projektbasierte Klimapolitik und nachhaltige Entwicklung : zertifizierte Treibhausgasminderungen in Costa Ricas Forst- und Elektrizitätswirtschaft /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013103627&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Guevara-Berger, Marcos. "Mythologie des Indiens Talamanca, Costa-Rica." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598074j.

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Dabène, Olivier. "La Formule politique du Costa Rica." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376041447.

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Burdiel, de las Heras María Cruz. "La emigración libanesa en Costa Rica /." [Madrid] : Ed. CantArabia, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366687339.

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Guevara-Berger, Marcos. "Mythologie des Indiens Talamanca (Costa Rica)." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100198.

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L’ouvrage comprend quatre parties. La première consiste en une description générale de la mythologie des Indiens Bribri-Cabécar de la région de Talamanca (Costa Rica), nécessaire pour replacer les mythes dans le contexte du chamanisme. Des données ethnographiques sur le sujet y sont encore présentées. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la façon dont les Indiens les plus traditionnels comprennent l’agencement du monde qui les entoure. C’est une synthèse : chaque mythe explique partiellement les différents éléments qui composent le monde. Tous les mythes rassemblés permettent de reconstruire l’image que les chamanes s’en font. Les rites thérapeutiques, le voyage dans l’au-delà des âmes défuntes, les phénomènes naturels et atmosphériques, sont expliqués à partir de la symbolisation du monde mise en scène dans les mythes que manipule le chamane. La troisième partie est une analyse structurale de plusieurs récits Talamanca. A la lumière des Mythologiques de Lévi-Strauss, l’auteur tente de dévoiler la signification de certains mythes dans le contexte plus général de la mythologie amérindienne. La quatrième partie, enfin, est un ensemble de 91 mythes recueillis par l’auteur à Talamanca en 1983 et 1984. La conclusion générale est qu’il y a un rapport étroit entre l’image que se fait du monde le chamane et la forme des habitations traditionnelles Bribri-Cabécar, ainsi qu’entre les mythes cosmogoniques et la chichada (fête où l’on consomme la bière de maïs) célébrée chaque fois que les Indiens se réunissent pour accomplir un travail productif ou pour construire une maison
The dissertation includes four parts. The first is a general description of the mythology of the Bribri-Cabecar Indians of the Talamanca area (Costa Rica), that is important for replace the myths in the context of the shamanism. The second part is an effort to understand the shaman’s knowledge about how the cosmos is organized: therapeutic rituals, the journey in the next world of the defunct souls, atmospheric and natural phenomenoms, are explained from the symbolization of the world bringing into play in the myths manipulated by this personage. The third part is a structural analysis of some Talamancan myths on base of Lévi-Strauss’ Mythologique. The fourth part is a compilation of the myths collected by the author in Talamanca in 1983 and in 1984. The general conclusion is that there is a closery connection between the world image built by the shaman and the form of the Indians traditional habitations, and between the cosmological myths and the chichada (corn beer drinking bout) celebrated every time that some people get together to accomplish a productive work or to build a house

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Dabène, Olivier. "La formule politique du Costa Rica." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21056.

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L'objectif de cette recherche etait de montrer que seule une approche en termes de stabilite politique permettait d'apprehender les ressorts profonds de la performance democratique costaricienne. La demarche consiste a extraire la formule politique du pays, par le biais d'une description fouillee de sa structure sociale, sa culture politique, des phenomenes de mobilisation, des mecanismes de mediation, des institutions, du processus de prise de decision et du type de domination. La prise en compte, au fil des analyses, des potentialites stabilisatrices (ou destabilisatrices) a permis de mettre a jour, selon une perspective diachronique et comparative, des elements explicatifs de la perennisation du modele democratique costaricien jusque-la negliges et de demeler des paradoxes passes inapercus : une structure sociale desarticulee compensee par une culture du compromis, une tres forte mobilisation organisee sous forme de sacralisation de l'ordre socio-politique, un eclusage des revendications par les instances de pression tempere par l'efficacite des reseaux de clientele, une prise de decision eclatee equilibree par une domination homogene et integree. Ces elements s'ajoutent a d'autres, plus connus: le gonflement des couches moyennes par des politiques redistributrices, une tres forte legitimite du regime reposant sur la commemoration d'un evenement fondateur du regime, un systeme bi-partisan et l'alternance au pouvoir, le paternalisma des dirigeants, l'effacement historique des militaires, un soutien structurel de l'eglise catholique et une accomodation des interets des elites. Enfin, une analyse serree de la conjoncture de crise economique et de tensions regionales revele les capacites du regime a enoncer le politique selon un registre culturel preetabli legitimant les institutions democratiques tout en adaptant les discours au gre des circonstances. Dans cette logique, le theme de la "menace sandino-communiste" ressoude l'unite du peuple costaricien autour d'un regime qui n'est pas juge a l'aune de son efficacite mais de son exemplarite
The objective of this investigation was to demonstrate that only an approach in terms of political stability could lead to a full comprehension of the costarican democratic performance. The analytical process consists in describing the country's political formula, starting from grass-roots politics (social structure, political culture, mobilization and mediation processes) up to the institutions, the policy making and domination processes. The evaluation of the stabilizing (or destabilizing) effects at each level of analysis, and the comparative and historical perspectives, have allowed the author both to shed light on some aspects of the democratic regime's durability so far neglected and to resolve hidden paradoxes : a fragmented social structure compensated by a culture of compromise, a strong organized mobilization in the form of the sacralization of the socio-political order, a poor representation of popular demands by pressure groups softened by the effeciency of the clientelist networks, a desarticulated decision making process balanced by an integrated and homogeneous domination process. These elements come in addition to others, more frequently mentioned : the extension of the middle sectors thanks to redistributive policies, a strong legitimacy resting on the commemoration of the regime's founder event, a two-party system and frequent victories of the opposition over the incumbent administration, the leaders' paternalism, a self effacement of the army, the structural support of the catholic church and the elites accomodation. Finally, a careful analysis of the present circunstances of crisis (both economic and regional) reveals the regime's ability to adapt its legitimating discourses. In that logic, the so-called "sandino-communist threat" unifies the costarican people and enhances its support to a regime that does not have to be effective as it has to be exemplary

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Alejo, Anna M. "Central American refugees in Costa Rica." FIU Digital Commons, 1990. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1191.

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The conflicts of the past decade in Central America have produced substantial refugee movements into neighboring nations. Costa Rica has had to cope with an influx of refugees and migrants as large as 10 percent of its population. This work presents a case study of the situation in Costa Rica, focusing on the issue of refugee integration into the host society. It draws on qualitative field research conducted in that country during 1986. The study discusses the evolution of the Costa Rican state's response to the refugee crisis and analyzes the characteristics and impact of policies undertaken by various state bureaucracies. It also describes the assistance efforts of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and private voluntary organizations, along with their interaction with the Costa Rican state. The study concludes that the government's need to maintain firm control of refugee programs has overshadowed its commitment to refugee integration. In so doing, the humanitarian purpose of refugee assistance has been compromised.

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Toruño, Sequeira Maritza. "Escuela de Artes Dramáticas de la Universidad de Costa Rica como Formadora de Identidad Teatral en Costa Rica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51486.

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El presente trabajo de investigación plantea la recuperación de documentos históricos que sobre el teatro costarricense han quedado diseminados en los distintas entidades académicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Tiene como objetivo plantear un proceso histórico-analítico que permita descubrir cuáles son las bases del teatro profesional costarricense a través de las dos instituciones teatrales más antiguas del país: el Teatro Universitario y la Escuela de Artes Dramáticas de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Siendo ambas instituciones parte de las políticas culturales de la más antigua universidad costarricense influyen directamente en la apertura del espacio cultural costarricense a través de los estudios superiores en la carrera de Artes Dramáticas. Es por ello que se ha generado en el espacio cultural de nuestro país una identidad teatral fundamentalmente profesional en los últimos 40 años de existencia, siendo esto evidente en los procesos de construcción de la enseñanza del teatro a través de diversos planes de estudio que establecen un marco metodológico concreto por el que muchas generaciones estudiantiles han sido formadas y marcando la primera característica del teatro profesional en Costa Rica, definiéndose como un teatro eminentemente universitario.

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Price, Norman William. "The tropical mixed garden in Costa Rica : a potential focus for agroforestry research?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30637.

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Overpopulation and over-exploitation of resources continues to strain the process of development for many countries in the tropics. In Latin America deforestation and the subsequent marginalization of these lands has put pressure on the agricultural research community to develop appropriate land-use systems for these areas. Agroforestry is one class of such systems that are presently receiving much attention. The tropical mixed garden, in particular, is one such system that has attracted attention from researchers in various countries. The present study has focused upon the traditional mixed garden system, as found in Costa Rica, with the objective of determining its potential for increased contribution to small farming systems. Development of the data base for this assessment included a survey of 225 farms distributed throughout Costa Rica, year-long case studies of six farms, divided between two contrasting ecological zones, and a simple simulation model of a mixed garden agroforestry system. The mixed garden is clearly an important component of small farming systems in Costa Rica. Though half of the gardens studied were only between 0.01 to 0.20 hectares in size, half were greater, and a few encompassed a hectare or more of land. As a percent of total farm size, mixed gardens were most important in the Tropical Dry Forest and Tropical Moist Forest life zones. Mixed gardens are more common in economically depressed areas and less so in areas where farmers are well off. The ranking of various factors representing ecological complexity of mixed gardens is what one would expect if difference in garden complexity were determined solely by between-zone differences in the environment, thus supporting hypothesis 1. On the other hand, multivariate analysis of species presence/absence data for mixed gardens suggest that the hypothesis (Hypothesis 2) that Holdridge's system of ecological classification is an adequate means of stratifying the variation in species composition in mixed gardens is false. The findings also support the hypothesis (Hypothesis 3) that the mixed garden has a higher energy benefit-cost ratio than commercial cropping systems. The commercial cropping systems on the farms studied consumed between 9 to 10,000 times the amount of cultural energy as did the mixed gardens. Mixed gardens on small farms have the potential to contribute much more to the cash economy of the farm household than they generally do at present. The observations reported here concerning labour patterns and management practices, together with the economic analysis, support the hypothesis (Hypothesis 4) that the output of the mixed garden can be improved. The economic and labour use analysis presented here also supports the hypothesis (Hypothesis 5) that "the mixed garden exists as a supplementary enterprise whose primary function is to absorb excess farm labour." With due regard for the limitations of a simulation of the type used in this thesis, I find support for the contention that the traditional mixed garden in Costa Rica can be developed into an ecologically conservative yet commercially viable cropping system. In particular, the incorporation of high-value timber species shows the potential to significantly improve the long-term economy of the farm. Integrating animal production, as Wagner (1957) had advocated earlier, also can enhance garden productivity.
Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate

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Rodríguez, Jiménez Nadia Margarita Maria. "Les organisations paysannes, leurs relations et leur rôle dans la participation au développement rural : le cas de la région Huetar Norte au Costa Rica." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010690.

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Au Costa Rica il y a eu un processus rapide de libéralisation, pour faire face à la nouvelle situation, les producteurs et leurs organisations ont été obligées d'adopter de nouvelles stratégies d'action. L'adaptation est difficile et les stratégies ne sont pas toujours efficaces. La thèse propose une analyse sociologique de la position des organisations dans la région Huetar Norte au Costa Rica. Elle analyse particulièrement trois questions: les divers usages et appropriations de la participation par les acteurs qui interviennent dans l'appui aux organisations paysannes; les relations de pouvoir à l'intérieur des organisations et avec d'autres puis une analyse des avantages et des limites des méthodes de la recherche participative. La thèse offre, comme résultat, une typologie pour l'analyse des relations et des choix stratégiques des organisations ainsi qu'une mise en perspective de l'avenir des diverses organisations en fonction des stratégies adoptées.

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Buchsbaum, Bernardo Duha. "Ecotourism and Sustainable Development in Costa Rica." Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9912.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a synopsis of the current issues facing ecotourism in Costa Rica; critically examine the impacts and challenges of ecotourism; analyze the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for sustainable development; look at ways in which ecotourism and sustainable development can be evaluated; and suggest ways to improve current ecotourism practices and policies for Costa Rica. What are the impacts and challenges of ecotourism? What are the possible benefits that ecotourism can bring? Is ecotourism in Costa Rica sustainable? Based on the guiding principles of ecotourism, a legitimate argument can be made that ecotourism in Costa Rica has not produced desired outcomes and is not sustainable. However, an equally strong argument can be made that although ecotourism may not currently be sustainable, it has yet to fully mature, and has shown signs that it can achieve a balance between development and conservation goals.. Ecotourism has more promise for achieving sustainability than alternative types of land use such as agriculture, cattle grazing, logging, or mass tourism. Whether or not ecotourism in Costa Rica will prove to be sustainable in the long-term remains to be seen. In order to increase the likelihood that ecotourism achieves goals of sustainable development in Costa Rica, all of the key actors must to begin to take more proactive measures in order to ensure that ecotourism is carefully planned and implemented. Ecotourism must account for social, economic and environmental implications, in order to succeed. A much more balanced and integrated approach, founded on the guiding principles of sustainable development, is essential to maximize the benefits and minimize the negative impacts of ecotourism in Costa Rica.
Master of Public and International Affairs

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Sick, Deborah 1956. "The golden bean : coffee, cooperatives and small-farmer decision making in Costa Rica." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41768.

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Coffee production in Costa Rica has brought prosperity to many small farmers, but conflicts of interest with the companies which process and market coffee are still a problem. In addition, producers and processors are plagued by the periodic market cycles of agricultural commodities. Various agencies have promoted cooperatives to help small farmers deal with these problems, but they often fail due to poor management and lack of participation.
This thesis, a multi-layered study of coffee production, processing, and marketing, examines how household producers manage the constraints and opportunities posed by the international market, the Costa Rican state, and the coffee tree itself. A comparative analysis between cooperative and private coffee processors; between two rural communities; and among households in these communities provides the ethnographic context in which the effectiveness of cooperatives as mediating institutions between producers and the world market is analyzed.

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Pera, Gizelle M. "Canopy Demographics at the Firestone Reserve, Costa Rica." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/707.

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Though Costa Rica has suffered numerous bouts of deforestation to its valuable tropical rainforest area, especially in the 1970s, it has become a leader in its efforts to regenerate and restore its rainforest. However, studies and protocols for the assessment of forest regeneration are urgently required. Research has shown that the percentage of light penetrating the canopy floor, or light fraction, is a good indicator of rainforest maturity. In this study, digital rectilinear photography and a global positioning system receiver were used to survey the Firestone Reserve inCosta Rica in order to measure the light fraction differences between primary/riparian forest, bamboo plantation, secondary hardwood plantation, and natural secondary regrowth. The images were used to calculate light fractions with the software program ImageJ. Using ArcGIS, a kernel density plot was created, along with a map organizing the light fractions in the vegetation types. Significant differences in light fraction were found between bamboo and all other vegetation types, between secondary natural regrowth and secondary hardwood plantation, and between secondary natural regrowth and primary/riparian forest. No significance was noted between primary/riparian and secondary hardwood plantation, or between primary/riparian and secondary forest. Inaccuracies of the study could be due to the high amount of variance, low sample size, or high levels of sunlight that distort the photographs. Nevertheless, the study provided useful information concerning the differences between vegetation types and has implications towards regrowth and recovery of the rainforest.

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Chamberlain, Anthony Brian. "Privatization in Costa Rica a multi-dimensional analysis /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3082.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Mateo-Vega, Javier. "An evaluation of environmental assessment in Costa Rica." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/MQ42175.pdf.

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Berigan, Yadira Cordoba. "Performing Costa Rica: "El Tico" and National Identity." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194408.

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Costa Rica is a small country located in Central America, characterized by having one of the most stable democracies in Latin America. Costa Rica was the first country in the world to officially abolish its armed forces (1949), following the Civil War in 1948. From the time of its foundation as a Republic, Costa Rica has been defined in terms of homogeneity and socio-economic equality. These two features have been recognized as the main elements of the country's national identity, and the reason for Costa Ricans to be perceived as peaceful and happy individuals. This research utilizes the methodological lens of Performance Studies to analyze these iconic elements of Costa Rican national identity and to challenge the view of Costa Rica as a paradise. Even though the international community continues defining this country in the same manner in which it was defined during the second part of the nineteen century, the reality is that during the last three decades this nation has changed so much that the same definition is not adequate anymore. Street violence in the country has become a threat to citizens of all socio-economic classes, taking away their peace and happiness. I analyze this development and the response by the citizens in an attempt to show that Costa Rica is facing an internal conflict that could have devastating on its society. Many social movements have formed during the last decade to try to bring Costa Rica back to the nation it was at the beginning of the twentieth century. The most important characteristic of these movements is that they try to unmask the country showing that it is not peaceful in an attempt to recover the peace they believed characterized the Costa Rica of their ancestors.

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Rojas, Christopher. "Trends and Changes of Precipitation in Costa Rica." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1304.

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Measuring and using precipitation data in Costa Rica is a necessary subject matter when one carries out an experiment in this area, whether it be directly related to rainfall or the effects of it on ecosystems. Using geographical information systems (GIS), precipitation maps of Costa Rica were used and digitized to acquire data on where and in what regions precipitation was commonly found. With this information, we were able to track the dry and wet seasons throughout Costa Rica and determine where the precipitation is more likely to occur during certain times of the year. Additionally, trends between longitude, latitude, and elevation were sought in the areas around the Firestone Center for Restoration Ecology. The results found a huge difference of precipitation between August – October and January – March, as well as trends demonstrating a strong linear relationship between latitude and precipitation. Trends between elevation and longitude showed much weaker linear relationships.

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Castillo-Serrano, Deyanira. "Afro-Caribbean schools in Costa Rica, 1934-1948 /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Bogantes-Zamora, Claudio. "La narrativa socialrealista en Costa Rica : 1900-1950 /." Aarhus [Danemark] : Presses universitaires d'Aarhus, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35805006q.

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Guzmán, Adriana T. (Adriana Teresa) 1971. "Urban municipal solid waste management in Costa Rica." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46146.

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Kumar, Chitra M. "Coffee and technology in Costa Rica and India." Thesis, Boston University, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27692.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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Fallas, Chacon Lucia. "Enseignement fonctionnel de la traduction au Costa Rica." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040051.

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L'intérêt porté dans plusieurs universités latino-américaines, pour la réalisation des traductions dans les pays mêmes: la traduction des textes littéraires, techniques, scientifique, d'histoire, etc. . . S'avère comme un élément décisif dans le développement culturel, économique des pays latino-américains. La traduction constitue un moyen de faire connaitre les cultures nationales des pays du continent latino-américain. Pour ce qui concerne les langues à traduire en Amérique latine, la traduction contribue à la défense des langues nationales: l'espagnol et les langues autochtones. Les orientations pédagogiques d'un cours de traduction au Costa Rica doivent concilier de façon adéquate les fondements théoriques avec les réalités d'un enseignement de la traduction dans un pays en développement, et plus spécialement avec ceux d'un cours d'initiation qui s'adresse à des universitaires dans un milieu hispanophone.

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Nichols, Lucy P. "Structural adjustment and human resources in Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357633.

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Castro, Carmiol Evelyn. "Representaciones contemporáneas de la esclavitud en las mujeres afrocostarricenses. Desde sus propias voces." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113594.

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Magíster en Estudios de Género y Cultura con mención en Ciencias Sociales
Los grupos humanos según la estructura social se han ido clasificando en categorías de prestigio y poder establecidas por la conveniencia de sectores dominantes económicamente, a partir de lo cual de manera diferencial en el tiempo aunque constante, prevalece un ideal de lo "correcto, bueno y deseable" para las personas, lo que a su vez predetermina formalmente las oportunidades de las mismas. Ante tal panorama resalta una figura dominante masculina, occidental y blanca que, a pesar de que se ha ido transformando según la dinámica socioeconómica de cada momento, se mantiene enmarcada en la construcción social del “hombre”. Es así como se deriva el concepto de femenino como la alteridad, es decir como la otra parte de la humanidad que bajo la ideología dominante representa un grupo humano subordinado. Por ende, el concepto de femenino comprende otras características sociales entendidas como "lo opuesto", dentro de lo cual se destaca el sistema raza/ etnia, que junto al constructo mujer en la estructura social dominante, es considerado inferior al irse alejando de "lo blanco y puro" así como de "lo occidental y civilizado". Esto lleva a buscar el campo donde se evidencia dicha categorización humana, el cuerpo de las personas, como un lugar donde se percibe el sexo y la raza, categorías sociales que retoman lo físico para reinterpretarlo simbólicamente. Cobra importancia social el hecho de ser mujer como condición que prefija un estilo de vida, de igual manera el color de piel que se ubica en una escala entre lo blanco y lo negro y que refleja el poder o subordinación determinados desde ese sistema económico imperante. De esta manera el cuerpo físico es representado a partir de simbolizaciones sociales que desembocan en prácticas concretas de discriminación racial y de género, siendo lo que se pretende denotar en la presente investigación, para lo cual se consultará a las mujeres afrodescendientes quienes por su cuerpo de mujer y por su cuerpo negro, desde la lógica dominante son categorizadas socialmente frente a la manera en que esto es reinterpretado y vivido por las mismas sujetas. Para lo anterior se considera relevante conocer la vivencia concreta de las mismas mujeres afrodescendientes con la idea de rescatar sus discursos y experiencias y contrastar aquellas construcciones sociales de poder desde “lo blanco” y “lo masculino” con la manera en que dicha realidad es interiorizada y asumida por ellas construyendo su propia realidad. Aunado a esto, se retoma la función social de la investigación al dar cabida a la expresión de voces tradicionalmente acalladas, por lo que se puede convertir en una estrategia de empoderamiento. El trabajo pretende ser un medio de denuncia social de situaciones de opresión y discriminación por raza y género, así como de las contrarespuestas a dicha realidad por medio de prácticas cotidianas y formas de resistencia individual y colectiva, lo cual ha sido tradicionalmente invisiblizado. Además la investigación implica realizar una contextualización histórica, ya que las condiciones de vida actuales de las mujeres afrodescendientes están mediadas por la construcción de un imaginario social que responde a una historia, desde donde se entiende la realidad concreta de hoy al ser percibida como una continuidad. A pesar de que los estudios históricos se ubican en el momento concreto en que se presentaron los hechos de interés, a nivel social cada acontecimiento se fundamenta en una ideología que puede prevalecer por medio de estereotipos y normas tácitas en la vida cotidiana. En el caso específico de este estudio, la esclavitud como sistema socio- económico, visto normalmente como un hecho “pasado”, se abolió formalmente, sin embargo las ideas que la fundamentaron no se han podido abolir en la sociedad de la misma manera, determinando la vida y trato social de las mujeres negras, por lo tanto entender esto facilita a su vez entender sus vivencias actuales. Bajo este marco es necesario conocer el fenómeno de la esclavitud y la manera en que se presentó en la población femenina afrodescendiente, estando atravesado por el sistema sexo- género y la raza. Por ende, se estudiará la realidad de dicho grupo considerando como antecedente la esclavitud legal para entender cómo prevalece en el imaginario social, a lo cual denominamos Representaciones Contemporáneas de la Esclavitud en la medida que se pretende denotar que en la sociedad no se ha podido superar realmente, asimismo son ideas que se concretan en prácticas de discriminación y opresión que se presentan según las circunstancias políticas, sociales y económicas específicas de cada entorno pero que se originaron desde toda una estructura socioeconómica implantada por años. Esto a su vez sirve de marco explicativo pero no definitorio ya que cabe considerar los sistemas de poder emergentes alternativos desde el colectivo de mujeres y de la población negra siendo una palabra que define al grupo de interés en el día a día. Por ende, se revisará concretamente en la historia de Costa Rica la vivencia de las mujeres negras según formas de opresión y discriminación de las que sobrevivieron, así como sus fortalezas individuales y grupales para enfatizar la investigación en las representaciones que prevalecen hoy en día en el imaginario y por ende en el trato social hacia esta población. Como problema de investigación se plantea: ¿De qué manera las mujeres afrocostarricenses viven situaciones de discriminación y opresión por su género y raza considerando la experiencia de ellas mismas y la relación con la herencia del sistema esclavista? Para esto como supuesto se parte de que las mujeres afrodescendientes en Costa Rica son sobrevivientes de un sistema que instaló la discriminación y opresión hacia ellas por su raza y género, ante lo cual han desarrollado formas de resistencia individual y colectiva trascendiendo su ubicación social, las cuales se constituyen en respuestas de las ideas originadas desde la esclavitud, que se han perpetuado a través del tiempo.

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Hernández, Rodríguez Carmen Magally. "El cambio de fronteras del derecho del estado postmoderno frente al estado de derecho : el caso de las empresas estatales y el concesionario de servicios públicos en Costa Rica." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030087.

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Le droit qui s’applique traditionnellement à l'État, le droit public, subi quelques changements de frontières. D'une part, il réduit son cadre d'application (régression), et d'autre part, il s’élargit (expansion). Un exemple du premier changement ce sont les transformations des entreprises publiques et du deuxième, la figure du concessionnaire des services publics. C’est le produit de plusieurs changements qui ont pour conséquence l’estompement des frontières entre ce qui est public et ce qui est privé, dans l’ère que nous pouvons appeler de l’État Postmoderne. La raison principale de ces changements est le virement stratégique de la politique d'intervention étatique dans l'économie. La crise fiscale et idéologique de l’État Providence va promouvoir des transformations et des privatisations au sein des entreprises publiques avec l'objectif, soit de réduire la participation directe de l'État dans l'économie, soit d'insérer les entreprises publiques dans l'économie internationale. Étant donné qu’il existe un lien bidirectionnel entre l’État et le droit public, ce bouleversement des frontières aura sûrement des répercussions sur la façon dont l'État se soumet au droit (État de Droit). Non seulement, un changement des frontières au droit applicable à l'État postmoderne sera constaté, mais ce changement représentera des défis que l'État de droit doit surmonter pour rester en place. Cet analyse prétend rendre compte du processus que traverse actuellement le droit public et son impact sur l'État de droit, à partir d'exemples de la situation costaricienne
Initially, Public Law was the law applicable to the State, organic or subjective criterion of Public Law. Later, within the postmodern era, the Public Law will not be the only law capable of regulating the State, and the State will not be regulated totally by the Public Law neither. This is because public space will be taken by the Common Law. Therefore, the criterion for the application of Public Law had to be replaced by one material that took care of the developed activity. The main reason for that change is the strategic turn of state intervention in the economy, concretely to render public services. The fiscal crisis of the Welfare State in the 80s will impel transformations and privatizations of public enterprises in order to reduce the fiscal deficits. This displacement of the State causes it to be converted into a regulator instead of an actor of the economy. The Law, like one of the State instruments to regulate the economic actors, will have several challenges in reframing the Public Law in the economy, which must include how to balance its control objective of the State activity with the international exigencies derived from the free competition principle. Being that there exists a bi-directional relation between State and Public Law, a change in these relations will have repercussions in the form in which the State is put under the Law (Rule of Law). This is not only a change of limits in the Law applicable to the postmodern State, but also a challenge that the State of Law must exceed to maintain himself. This situation that exits in the majority of countries that belong to the administrative regime, such as Costa Rica, presents some particularities. To understand these particularities in the Costa Rican case will be the main purpose of this thesis

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Boukhris, Linda. "Imaginaire national et imaginaire touristique au Costa Rica : le tourisme comme fabrique du territoire et de la nation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010702.

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Le Costa Rica a connu un véritable tournant touristique de son économie à partir des années 1990, fort d'une identité basée sur la représentation d'un petit État pacifique sans armée ainsi que la représentation mythifiée d'une nature sauvage et préservée. Ce travail interroge le discours sur 1'« exception» costaricienne déployé dans le cadre de la mise en tourisme du pays. Une généalogie de la composition de ces images permet d'établir l'étroite relation entre l'imaginaire touristique et l'imaginaire national. En effet, l'imaginaire touristique se nourrit des principaux attributs historiques de la nation costaricienne forgés au moment de l'indépendance du pays, mais participe également de l'incorporation du paradigme environnemental dans l'imaginaire national. Ce travail examine ainsi la dimension instituante de l'imaginaire touristique qui participe de la production du territoire et de la production d'une image de la nation associée à des figures de la nature. Cet imaginaire touristique se veut toutefois hégémonique et exclusif, à l'instar de l'imaginaire national au XIXe siècle véhiculant l'idée d'une nation costaricienne démocratique et pacifique basée sur la théorie de la race blanche. Du discours historique sur la blanchitude au discours contemporain sur la nature, ce travail examine également le rôle de l'imaginaire touristique dans la reproduction de processus de racialisation spatiale à l'encontre des populations indigènes et afro-caribéennes du Costa Rica. L'imaginaire touristique devient ainsi le lieu où non seulement se dessinent mais également se négocient les figures de la nation et de l'altérité et l'appartenance à la communauté politique nationale
Costa Rica has undergone a touristic turn of its economy since the 1990s, with a tourism identity based on the representations of a peaceful state without armed forces as well as the wilderness. This research examines the discourse on the Costa Rican exception deployed within the context of tourism development. A genealogy of the composition of these images reveals the deep relation between the tourism imaginary and the national imaginary. Indeed, the tourism imaginary takes on the main historical characteristics of the Costa Rican national ideology shaped within the context of its independence, but also entails the incorporation of an environmental paradigm into the national imaginary. This work analyzes the instituting dimension of the tourism imaginary as participating in the production of space and place, and the production of an image of the nation associated with figures of nature. However, this tourism imaginary is also hegemonic and exclusive, as was the national imaginary in the nineteenth century, which promoted the idea of a democratic and peaceful Costa Rican nation based on the theory of the white race. From the historical discourse on whiteness to the contemporary discourse on nature, this study investigates the role of the tourism imaginary in the reproduction of spatial racialization processes against the Costa Rican indigenous and Afro-Caribbean populations. Thus, the tourism imaginary becomes the space where figures of the nation are defined, and where their belonging to the national political community are negotiated

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Tiffer-Sotomayor, Carlos. "Jugendstrafrecht in Lateinamerika unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Costa Rica /." Mönchengladbach : Forum Verl, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/314655875.pdf.

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DE, LA CRUZ ELLEN IVONNE. "USE OF SPACE AND PATTERNS OF REFUSE DISPOSAL AT THE VILLAGE SITE OF MURCIELAGO, COSTA RICA (REFUSE PITS, SPATIAL ANALYSIS, ETHNOHISTORY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183946.

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Theoretical and methodological issues of disposal behavior are examined at the village site of Murcielago. Ethnoarchaeological, archaeological, and modern material culture studies of discard practices are discussed. The generalizations and conclusions contained therein are incorporated into a synthesis of the emerging body of disposal theory. The method used for the analysis of Murcielago, which is drawn from traditional geographic models of land use, is described. The model allows description of the conventions governing the regulation of space and the delineation of disposal patterns. Analysis of artifact distributions illuminated the organization of household activities and the definition of activity differences.

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Scyner, Andrew. "Family and community medicine in Costa Rica : where professionalization meets development." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26706.

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Family and Community Medicine was introduced to Costa Rica through the McGill-CENDEISSS Project of 1989-1994. The development of this new speciality is interpreted as a "professionalization" drive, which, while appropriating the discourse of the international primary health care movement, in fact places more importance, as a social movement, on negotiating for and expanding its own jurisdictional space. Two bodies of literature are called upon to provide theoretical guidance, namely, writing on "professionalization" and ethnographic interpretations of "development" in the so-called Third World. The phenomenon of Family and Community Medicine in Costa Rica is described as an international, national, and local movement. The town of Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui is the focus of an ethnographic description of the speciality's local-level implementation.

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Guindon, Carlos F. "Protection of habitat critical to the resplendent quetzal, Pharomachrus mocinno, on private land bordering the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539730.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for protecting critical resplendent quetzal habitat on private lands bordering the south-western edge of the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica. First, a habitat analysis was made of 12 forest patches using a 10% strip method to obtain an importance value for the Lauraceae fed on by the resplendent quetzal. Second, a landowner survey was conducted using a structured interview questionnaire to determine landowner attitudes, and the possible factors influencing these attitudes, towards forested land, wildlife, the resplendent quetzal and potential habitat protection incentives. Significant differences were found between forest patch importance values for the Lauraceae suggesting that for conservation purposes careful forest patch selection is important. Most landowners were found to value their forested land more than their land under other uses and to favor technical forest management assistance over leasing. If funding can be made available there is a good chance that resplendent quetzal habitat can be adequately protected and managed through providing assistance to those landowners with the most critical forest patches.
Department of Natural Resources

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Solis, Sanchez Pedro. "La relation entre secteurs marginaux et exercice du pouvoir: le cas d'un pays en voie de développement." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213304.

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Giraldou, Gonzalez Marion. "Prostitution et prostituées à San José (Costa Rica) 1870-1930 : représentations sociales et processus de marginalisation." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20017.

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Ce travail porte sur les processus de marginalisation à travers l'étude de la prostitution à San José du Costa Rica entre 1870 et 1930. La démarche adoptée est différente des études classiques sur ce thème puisque l'objectif n'est pas d'étudier un groupe donné, les prostituées, mais de comprendre sa formation et de saisir la signification de la notion de marginalisation, à un moment et dans un espace donné. En ce sens, l'analyse s'oriente sur l'observation de rapports complexes et évolutifs, et donc insaisissables concrètement. Il s'agit de donner la parole à certains individus marginalisés, tout en gardant à l'esprit l'ensemble, afin de parvenir à reconstruire l'image de la représentation qu'ils se faisaient d'eux-mêmes et que les autres se faisaient d'eux. En ce sens, les deux approches, micro et macro, sont complémentaires et nécessaires à une compréhension des processus de marginalisation qui se veut globale. En adoptant ces perspectives d'étude, j'oriente l'analyse vers le quotidien et le populaire afin de sortir mon sujet des carcans rigides des cadres institutionnel et formel. J'ai donc essayé de repenser la notion de prostitution en ouvrant l'étude de la marginalité à différents champs de la discipline historique afin de ne pas m'enfermer dans un seul type d'approche et ainsi de pouvoir saisir les processus dans leur complexité. La notion de « prostituée » apparaît alors moins comme le résultat d'un ensemble de caractéristiques déterminées, que comme un instrument de contrôle permettant la stigmatisation des femmes dont la conduite ne correspond pas aux exigences sociales
This work deals with the processes of marginalisation through the study of prostitution in San José, Costa Rica, between 1870 and 1930. The chosen line is different to traditional studies on this topic, as the objective is not to study a given group, prostitutes, but rather to understand its formation and grasp the meaning of the concept of marginalisation at one moment and in a given space. In this direction, the analysis is driven towards the observation of complex and evolutional – and thus concretely elusive – relations. It is a question of giving a voice to certain marginalised individuals, without ignoring the general entity, in order to be able to reconstruct the image of the representation that they had of themselves and that the others had of them. In this way, the two approaches, the micro and the macro ones, are complementary and necessary to a comprehension of the processes of marginalisation, a comprehension that aspires to be global. Adopting these study perspectives, I orientate the analysis towards daily and popular life so as to drive my topic out of the rigid yokes of the institutional and formal structures. I hence tried to rethink the notion of prostitution, opening the study of marginality to different fields of the history discipline in order not to lock myself into a single type of approach and thus be able to grasp the processes in their complexity. The notion of “prostitute” seems then to be less like a result, than an actual instrument of control leading to the stigmatisation of women whose conduct does not correspond to social requirements

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Education Costa Rica Costa Rica'

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