Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Education critique aux médias'
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Coquelin, Lucile. "Mythologies du technocorps dans la série Black Mirror (Channel 4 ; Netflix) : de la mythocritique à l'introspection, pour une sémiotique action." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080058.
Full textSince the 1960s, the technofigure of the cyborg has been at the centre of several series and sci-fi movies, to the point of being considered as a founding component of contemporary mythology. Represented in these productions under spectacular and sometimes caricatural features, some of these techno-physical devices are already set up by companies like Google. While they open new possibilities for interhuman communication and play with identity, they also tighten the grip of social, economic, and political control. My doctoral project proposes to explore the representation of technobody carried by a successful series: Black Mirror, produced since 2016 by Netflix, the world leader in streaming, and presented by producers as basically «techno-critical». A semiotic action method, which I developed in the legacy of Eliseo Verón’s social semiosis, and in line with work on critical media literacy, allowed me to explore how the cyborg myth in Black Mirror is interpreted by (non-)public people. Through one-on-one interviews and co-interpretation workshops, participants first developed interpretative hypotheses by watching Black Mirror; then, we collectively surveyed the “versions of the world” motivating their hypotheses. The aim of this approach was to stimulate reflection on the positions of the participants, including myself, and to become aware of what influences and determines our connection with digital, beyond representations
Loicq, Marlène. "Médias et interculturalité : l'éducation aux médias dans une perspective comparative internationale (Australie, Québec, France)." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721174.
Full textJulien, Quentin. "Conception et développement d'ateliers d'éducation aux médias : une approche archéo-médiatique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAL005/document.
Full textThis research aims to explore alternative ways to practice media education as we do in middle school, hight school and university. It explores an original field, recently discovered in France, called media archaeology. In this work, we have built a theorical and multidisciplinary frame including media archaeology in order to propose, for the first time, its didactic transposition for secondary education. Thus, we conveived and evaluated workshops, helped by a design-based research methodology
Bazyomo, Emile Pierre. "Education aux médias au Burkina Faso : enjeux et perspectives pour une éducation à la citoyenneté." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955866.
Full textSumien, Loic. "L'éducation aux médias et à l'information face au phénomène des fake news." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2021.
Full textThe changes in the media and information world under the influence of digital technology are numerous: acceleration of media time, increase of the flow of information, competition between media, renewal of formats and media for the dissemination of information, changes that have changed both the professional practices of journalists and the informational practices of the audience. In recent years, we have seen a change in the journalistic model that encourages new media for creating, disseminating and receiving information. Among the new information players, social media is recovering a hegemonic share of online information traffic by allowing everyone to become not only a commentator on news, but also a media in its own right. Moreover, the algorithms of these platforms profoundly change the way individuals access information by creating a filter bubble around the infonaut (Mercier, 2019) (Pariser, 2011). This paradigm shift prompts editors to initiate a transformation of the form, as well as the content they broadcast, so that they can retain their “power to say” (Diouma Diallo; Pélissier, 2015), while trying to ensure the sustainability of their business model, always threatened. As a result, it is no longer a medium that is not present on digital information platforms. In this new environment, the relations between the media and the audience are transformed to become more participatory, without ever becoming fully collaborative. These innovations have led in their wake to new ways of communicating, of being informed, but also, of disinforming... Since 2016, impossible to escape the phenomenon fake news. Popularized by Donald Trump, fake news or infox in French, invaded the media scene, then spread at very high speed, fuelled by the successive crises we have been experiencing in recent years (social, economic, health, political, etc.) To address the issues raised by online mass disinformation, media, education and public policy authorities are trying to implement a number of measures, including : media and information literacy. This "education" long relegated to the background in the educational sphere is now a discipline that is the subject of many recommendations and proactive public policies, which, in the discourse, calls for its massive deployment in and out of school. This field of learning now invests educational practices, research, public policies and seems to be an effective remedy, but not a miracle solution. We therefore sought to understand to what extent media and information literacy in schools could help combat the “fake news phenomenon” ?
Kerneis, Jacques. "Analyse didactique et communicationnelle de l'éducation aux médias : éléments d'une grammaire de l'incertitude." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451046.
Full textFryberger, Annelies. "De l'évaluation en musique contemporaine en France et aux Etats-Unis : jurys de pairs, commandes d'œuvres et médias sociaux." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0110.
Full textPeers are responsible for evaluating contemporary music, or new music as it is often called in the American context. This dissertation looks at this evaluation at three distinct moments: during evaluation committees appointed to select composers for commissions or grants, in the commissioner-composer relationship, and in position-takings by composers in social media. This research is based primarily on fieldwork with two funding bodies for contemporary music: New Music USA in the United States and public subsidies distributed directly to composers by the Ministry for Culture in France. This Franco-American comparison of evaluative practices reveals contrasting understandings of peer review, which has a number of effects: different voting systems, divergent ways of categorizing the different sub-genres of contemporary music, and distinct views of the role of the composer in society. Judgment in the contemporary arts is often qualified as uncertain (Menger 2009), but the present research shows that this uncertainty is the result of indifference toward certain works or people - often found in the middle of ranked lists - rather than fundamental doubts regarding their quality. In the case of a commission, the bi-directional evaluation conducted by the composer and the commissioner has a profound impact on the work produced, which goes against the vision of the self-determined composer (more present in France than in the US). These different moments of valuation (Antal etal. 2015), including informal ones, are opportunities for the composer to position him- or herself, which helps him/her formulate or impose an interpretative framework favorable to his/her creative work
Decker, Daniel. "Musique pop, pop art, messages, aux États-Unis et en Grande-Bretagne : analyse d'une double traversée culturelle des années soixante." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF20069.
Full textPop music, born as rock'n'roll from black rhythm & blues in the mid-fifties, became, in the sixties, the privileged means of expression of a mediated category of consumers, the teenagers, with the advent of transistr radios and the development of television, the former baby boomers gave their social unrest a tune, this music, quickly assimilated to un-american negative values (violence, juvenile delinquency, sex, drugs) soon died out in the usa. It swung back from britain where it had been adapted by exotic provocative white bluesmen who popularized this once despicable negro music. Young white misfits thus protested against the profit-seekers still under the threat of a nuclear holocaust. Trying to consider the face value of objects, not thoughts. Led by the simplistic lyrics of pop songs they came to think of the making of their own lives as happenings. The myth of a classless society, enhanced by the media in control of the establishment, easily withstood the criticisms of yelling pop singers, the underground press and the drug-addicted hippies. Their very existence proved the tolerance of the system they were so unfairly permitted to criticize
Oprescu, Mihaela. "Genre et médias : des mouvements féministes aux recherches sociologiques et psychologiques : étude en réception sur l'évaluation des discours beauté / jeunesse de la presse féminine par des femmes au "genre psychologique" différent." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030126.
Full textThe study of gender and media is a theme approached by the feminist critique, which is interested primarily in stereotyped representations of women in media messages. Gender stereotypes in the media are supposed to have negative effects on women’s image and on the evolution of gender roles in society. Often, the influence of stereotypes on the formation of gender identities is considered automatic and uniform. But the audience negotiate the meaning of a media message. A contract is established between the source of the message and the audience, which is far from being passive. A great number of sociological and psychological factors can influence the reception of gender messages. One of these factors is the psychological gender, concept of the psychological androgyny theory which describes the tendency of an individual of adopting traditional feminine or masculine behaviour, independently on their biological sex. We presented feminine press articles containing beauty and youth stereotypes and counter-stereotypes to women having a different psychological gender, masculine and feminine, in order to observe possible differences in the evaluation of the articles. Our results show that “masculine” women asses better press articles containing counter-stereotypes of beauty and youth, while “feminine” women asses better stereotypes articles. Psychological gender determine the direction of their evaluation and influence the process of identification with the feminine models proposed in feminine press articles
Moeglin, Pierre. "Vers l'industrialisation des communications éducatives, scientifiques et communautaires : étude critique des programmes expérimentaux par satellite au Canada, enFrance et aux USA ( 1971-1981 )." Grenoble 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE39019.
Full textThe research deals with experimental programs in education, scientific cooperation and development, between 1971 and 1981, using us, canadian and french-german second generation satellites : ats-1, ats-3 and ats-6, stt, anik-b and symphonie. Its aim consists in analysing these programs (through a selection of 102 out of them) as significant steps of the industrilization that is growing in the fields of media for teaching, scientific cooperation and development. This analysis lays the stress particularly on the process of a deep transformation of the co-operating ways between the different responsible and participating agencies and people involved in these programs, thus generating procedures opposed to artisanal and discontinuous achievements, lying on mid- and long-range planifications that need organic articulation of specified and standardized tasks and give a priority to return on investment and rentability. The economical and socio-political determinations as well as the major ideological trends influencing the starting of these programs are precisely analysed and related to the conditions and diffi- culties of their birth and growing. Their results and consequences on the projects for proposing operational and institutionnalized services are examined, which leads to consider the future developments of these media, using satellite or not, i. E. From tele-teaching systems to specialized channels in education or culture that have begun to be operated in the eighties
Turet, Amélie. "L'impossible éducation critique et politique au numérique : territoires, dispositifs, métiers et acteurs." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30066.
Full textThis thesis aims to identify the degree of state involvement in critical and political digital literacy. It analyzes the public mechanisms linked to the dissemination of digital uses and the characteristics of the professional and volunteer actors responsible for their implementation: their titles, their places of practice, their qualifications and the representations of their priority missions. The research questions are: • How does the interweaving of action and training “devices” (dispositifs) help or hinder the work of actors to train people in a critical and political understanding of digital development?• Do these actors develop strategies to adopt or circumvent these devices to ensure their training and education activities? The corpus is composed of 5 complementary sources: regulatory texts at French and European level; 699 job vacancies and training skills benchmarks; a questionnaire survey of a sample of 140 digital mediators; 10 interviews of experts in digital mediation; 2 monographs from 2 periods of participant observation in 2 networks of digital public spaces. The thesis shows that critical and political digital literacy education is not prevalent, supplanted by the introduction of "good practices" concerning the uses of the Internet, based on the handling of tools. The top-down entanglement of the devices leads to an impediment of the training of the population to the stakes of the digital society: it produces an impenetrable double bind between the search for behavioural performances to answer the economic exigencies and the search for a critical stance in favour of the societal interest of the digital. Only some cases of subversion and militant commitment of individuals in particular those supporting free software, sustainable development and anti GAFAM policies, show a degree of resistance to this injunction of normative development. The thesis shows four major phases of this evolution, in connection with the diffusion modes of computer innovations among the French population: 1. from 1967 to 1984, the time of the genesis of the methods for the massification of the uses of informatics: the scientific and technical education and the computer clubs. 2. from 1985 to 1999, the time of the methodologies for the appropriation of the tools and the uses: the national education and the Minitel. 3. From 2000 to 2011, the time of public access to the Internet: youth jobs and Public Digital Spaces. 4. from 2012 to 2016, the time of reduction of the cultural and digital divide: digital jobs of the future, fablabs and third places. After initial trial and error (phase 1), the initiation system for digital uses leads to the disqualification of computer club leaders (phase 2); it prevents the supply of pre-existing systems of national education and popular education (phase 3); it provokes the self-censorship of local animators, who are not encouraged to think reflexively about the digital society (phases 3 and 4). However, it produces a critical education in resistance through certain figures, such as the multimedia animators for youth employment (phase 3), and the "hacker" or "systemist" animators (phase 4), who are more activist and entrepreneurial, as they are inspired by the free models that hijack devices with agile handling of social and digital innovations. As a result, critical and political digital literacy remains a blind spot of regulation (no text encourages or discourages it), without qualifications or financial flows to support it. The risk remains that the digital transition could be a new instrument at the service of social reproduction and cultural distinction
Forestier, Yann. "L’École, exception médiatique. La presse face aux enjeux des changements pédagogiques, 1959-2008." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040048.
Full textThis thesis questions the intensity of the debates, controversies and polemics that revolve around the school question in France, by studying the speech developed in the general written press between 1959 and 2008, i.e. during the five decades when the domination of the stakes linked to the democratization of second-degree schooling and the affirmation of national general press as a framing authority of the intellectual debates meet. Based on the statistic analysis of important samples of a corpus of 8500 articles, this work seeks to link the content of these texts to the realities they claim to reflect, putting in relief the representations they contribute to work out and to mobilize. At the same time, it reviews the conditions of the treatment of information as shaped by the press – whose priorities and methods evolve – on a school matter with its specific identity stakes and current changes that affect in different ways the various categories of actors expressing themselves in newspapers
Degryse, Camille. "L'introduction d'une éducation au cinéma et à l'audiovisuel à l'école de 1945 à nos jours." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2057.
Full textHow can we explain the still reduced presence of film education at school while sound motion pictures are nowomnipresent?A detour through the sociology of the curriculum, the sociology of education and pragmatic sociology allowed us torefine the problematic and to elaborate the following questioning: what are, in France, in the second half of the twentiethcentury, the controversies regarding the introduction of film and audiovisual education in schools, which, through uncertaincompromises made in the light of the justifications mobilized, led curricula to take the academic form they have today ? And,from a more deliberately prospective perspective, how can one imagine, on the basis of these findings, a curricular evolutionof film and audiovisual education likely to articulate aesthetic, civic and emancipatory dimensions?The thesis consists of six chapters, in the first, the theoretical framework is the subject of a development that leads tothe formulation of the problematic. Using a socio-historical approach, the second and third chapters attempt to analyzedifferent corpora, mainly the journals Images et Son and the Cahiers pédagogiques, examining the construction of film as anobject of teaching from the end of the 19th century to the 1960s (Chapter 2) then the pedagogical and civico-artisticcontroversies surrounding the schooling of cinema, from the 1960s to the 1980s (Chapter 3). In the fourth and fifth chapters,the analysis of the programs, of various interviews and course observations makes it possible to study the compromises madebetween the 1980s and the 2000s : at the educational level, a real but unfinished entry into the school form (Chapter 4), at thecivico-artistic level, the cinematographic culture envisioned as a means of emancipation is struggling to impose itself (Chapter5). The last chapter examines the period from the years 2000 to today, evoking the beginnings of change and the reflectionsthat began to be carried out in order to overcome controversies.Faced with fervent and inspired cinephiles who remain suspicious of the school system, the idea of making cinema apart of the School, by maintaining the link between citizen and artistic aims and an educational approach that favorsinvolvement of the student in his learning has not yet won. The balance of power has not made it possible to impose the needfor a massive entry of film and audiovisual education with emancipatory aims in class time, teacher training and certificationtests. Cinema was allowed to enter school only in its artistic form, which led to a global "sprinkling" and a fragmentarydisciplinarization that was largely insufficient in view of the underlying democratic issues.In a world saturated with images of all kinds, there is, however, in our view, a real urgency to make room for learningthe audiovisual language and to stop ignoring, alongside the sensitive and artistic dimensions that are certainly essential, thetheoretical and analytical approaches that have been progressively developed, especially at university, on sound motionpictures as a whole and which are likely to help develop an essential critical mind for the citizens of tomorrow
Madiba, Marie-Sophie. "Les outils langagiers, iconiques et plastiques de la presse écrite française et leur rôle dans l’éducation aux médias inhérente au choix de vote des campagnes présidentielles en France : une étude exploratoire de couvertures de journaux selon leurs promesses discursives et évolution identitaire de 2007 à 2017." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2134/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to analyze and interpret form of construction, providing and appropriation of senses and meanings of mediatic languages tools about presidential campaigns of 2007, 2012 and 2017 through the french newspapers. Firstly, we wanted to know how can linguistic, iconic and plastic tools of the first page of newspapers can be considered like technictools with the aim of the presidential choice during the period 2007 and 2012. Secondly, we wanted to find out how media language tools can contribute to be psychological and technic through the representations and appropriation of mediatic messages by students in Education Science during the presidential campaign 2017? On the one hand, we have planned to analyze, compare and interpret network relation between construction and providing of tools language used by the newspapers to present presidential campaigns during two historic periods. On the other hand, a complementary study has allowed us to analyse and interpret the representations and appropriation of mediatic messages by students in Education Science. On the theoretical aspect; we based our research on historical-cultural theory of Vygotski (1985), the concept of artefact (Rabardel, 1995), media education theories, concept of frame (Goffman, 1995), the network-actor theory (2007). On the methodological aspect, we have chosen a qualiquantitative method (with the softwares CHIC, Tropes, Iramuteq), a content (Bardin, 1993) anddiscourse (Maingueneau, 2014) analysis methods of language tools of first page of newspapers. We opted for a cross-cultural approach including statistical implicative analysis, a psychosocio-semio-linguistic, semiological and pragmatic approaches. The corpus have been made up of 239 newspapers editions, 293 pictures of the first coverture of french newspapers (20 Minutes, Métro, Lyon Plus, Le Figaro, Le Monde, et Le Progrès) and 15 interviews collected from students in Education Science. The results show that media language tools can be established as technical tools through the introduction of different mechanisms, natural and social frames of conceptualization, through a hightlighting types of discourse (stative, declarative, narrative and argumentative). Heuristics and pragmatics schemes are mainly requested in 2007 than epistemics schemes which have been reinforced in 2012. The analysis of tools made for the spread of formal and informal mediatic kwnowledges or news aboutpresidential campaigns show that the thought is built and it is developed depending on sociohistorical context with form of actualisation, novelty, and redundancy. The taking into account of social, symbolic, private, conscious, onconscious dimension is involved to the mediatic tools appropriation but also with the practices of students in the construction of their decisions. Theanalysis and the interpretation of the apropriation of mediatic messages by the students in Education Science demonstrate that the consultation and the appropriation of this fulfill more a cognitive, conative than behavioural needs
Coudray, Sophie. "Histoire politique et esthétique du Théâtre de l'opprimé en france de ses origines aux années 1990." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2124.
Full textFar from the mythic and fragmented image of Theatre of the oppressed, this study intends to bring to light the ongoing processes in the development of this praxis developed by the Brazilian director Augusto Boal. Systematically considered as both a theory (the poetics of the oppressed) and a practice, Theatre of the oppressed is comprehended in all its historicity. Drawing on a theoretical corpus as well as archives – including unpublished funds from the Parisian Theatre of the oppressedCentre – and interviews with practitioners who used to be members of the Parisian centre, these researches lead us to trace Theatre of the oppressed political and aesthetical history.Organised in chronological order, this study begins in Brazil during the 1930s, in order to discuss Augusto Boal’s artistic concerns – while he works as Teatro Arena’s director in São Paulo – focused on the search for a renewal of dramatic forms tied up with a political imperative: performing popular theatre, that is a theatre performed for Brazilian people. From this time, we attempt to uncover the early stages of a theoretical reflection but also the roots of some theatre techniques, thatconstituted the fertile ground for the further development of Theatre of the oppressed during the mid 1970s, while Boal is in exile.The rest of this study takes place in France, a country where Boal starts to become known in 1971 through the Nancy World Theatre Festival and the revue Travail théâtral. By the end of the 1970s, in Paris he starts the first permanent group of Theatre of the oppressed, whose mission is to spread this method. Progressively, this group will become more professional and institutionalised, and will finally find its place in the field of sociocultural intervention theatre, a place where this structure continues its activities until 1988, when it breaks out and leaves the door open for many companies spread throughout France, leaving the old centre whose theatre identity has been radically altered.The French history of Theatre of the oppressed is the story of a permanent dialogue between theatre, the activist and political fields and popular education. This is also the story of a collective gathered around the use of the same theatrical method over two decades, while the face of society is being deeply reshaped. Thus, this history is fraught with many contradictions, evolutions but also strong positions being held and reaffirmed. Our task is to bring them to light. From activist movements to urban policy, Theatre of the oppressed Centre’s path is nothing else but the path of a group in touch with its time. However, the Parisian structure grounded by Boal is at the core of the spread of Theatre of the oppressed techniques in the whole world. That’s why writing Theatre of the oppressed history in France is a way to modestly contribute to writing its world’s history, in which the Parisian centre represents a major step
Forestier, Yann. "L’École, exception médiatique. La presse face aux enjeux des changements pédagogiques, 1959-2008." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040048.
Full textThis thesis questions the intensity of the debates, controversies and polemics that revolve around the school question in France, by studying the speech developed in the general written press between 1959 and 2008, i.e. during the five decades when the domination of the stakes linked to the democratization of second-degree schooling and the affirmation of national general press as a framing authority of the intellectual debates meet. Based on the statistic analysis of important samples of a corpus of 8500 articles, this work seeks to link the content of these texts to the realities they claim to reflect, putting in relief the representations they contribute to work out and to mobilize. At the same time, it reviews the conditions of the treatment of information as shaped by the press – whose priorities and methods evolve – on a school matter with its specific identity stakes and current changes that affect in different ways the various categories of actors expressing themselves in newspapers
Enomoto, Keiko. "Plaute et Térence en France aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040021.
Full textIn the 16th and 17th centuries, Plautus and Terence were regarded as the masters of the Latin language, and above all as the masters of comedy. They were, however, judged and rated according to a very specific concept, not always consistent with their own comedies. The two authors enjoyed a preconceived and undisputed status which, however, maintained them inside a vague image. In order to cast light on their status in the 17th century, this thesis examines their place in curriculums and theatre practice in schools, within different teaching contexts. Their presence in the art of translation is reviewed, as the French versions of Plautus and Terence that punctuate the 16th and 17th centuries contributed not only to the emergence of a theory of translation, but also to a reflection on dramatic art and to the birth of the “comédie française”. The thesis then looks at what those two playwrights represent and what it might have meant to be considered their worthy successor. Finally, an investigation of how Molière managed, in the eyes of his peers and successors, to combine and surpass the qualities of Plautus and Terence to even take their place as a standard is undertaken. With the thesis, it is intended to make a new contribution to the 17th century, through this analysis of the multiple issues related to the two Latin playwrights
Labarre, Nicolas. "Du Kitsch au Camp : théories de la culture de masse aux Etats-Unis, 1944-1964." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189960.
Full textLaffage-Cosnier, Sébastien. "L’élève accompli. Les innovations scolaires menées à Vanves par le Dr Max Fourestier (1950-1973)." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1028.
Full textSchool experiments carried out by doctor Max Fourestier in Vanves are "places of memory" in the history of sport and physical education in the middle of the twentieth century. Rooted in the postwar economic boom, this heuristic work aims at describing the place and role of corporal practices in various experimentations (equal division of time between school work and sport, snow class, napping class, forest class or equal division of time between school work, physical education and cultural activities) implemented in school Gambetta and, more generally, in all the schools in Vanves. Blending varied and original sources, the study reveals that the inherent process of Max Fourestier's renowned work comes from four complementary factors. Firstly, the success of these innovative ideas is due to the personality and life path of their creator, who was endowed with a scientific aura. Secondly, Max Fourestier brings together local participants and relies on the identity of the town of Vanves which has specific political, educational, medical and social characteristics. Thirdly, the school doctor uses networks, social structures and interpersonal exchanges to convince, legitimize and spread his ideal school project. Finally, Max Fourestier promotes his model by taking advantage of modernity and the power of the media. This work revolves mainly around these four explanatory logics to understand the birth of these worldwide school innovations in 1950, their development between 1951 and 1967 and eventually their decline from 1968 on
Fouilloux, Virginie. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité et de la gestion des risques en chirurgie cardiaque. : Conception, réalisation et évaluation de techniques d'enseignement basées sur la simulation sur modèle animal vivant." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5046/document.
Full textThe quality and the risk management became, during the last decade, the main stakes within the initiatives of improvement of medical and paramedical practices.Education and teaching have to constitute the basement on which these various steps can build. In the field of health, the simulation stands out as one of the most successful tools contributing to the improvement of the practices.Our work concerns more particularly the very specialized area represented by cardiac surgery. We propose an educational tool based on the simulation from an in-vivo animal model.After a first stage to design the model and its relevance, two curriculum of training, one concerning basics and the other concerning continuing medical education, are proposed and assessed.To improve the quality and the risk management in France, a comparison with the initiatives already established abroad, in particular in Canada, is depicted.Finally, the School of the CEC comes to illustrate what could be, in France, an example of training curriculum for medical and paramedical professions in the field of the cardiac surgery
Lyonnais, Pierre. "Approches pédagogiques de l'éducation critique aux médias au niveau collégial." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1900/1/M10719.pdf.
Full textCatellier, Jean-Philippe. "Apprendre à lire et écrire des images médiatiques : recherche-intervention en éducation aux médias dans le quartier Côte-des-Neiges à Montréal." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3646/1/M11694.pdf.
Full textMichelot, Florent. "Quelles pensée critique et métalittératie des futur·es enseignant·es à l’heure des fausses nouvelles sur le Web social ? Une étude de cas collective en francophonie." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25522.
Full textCette étude de cas collective porte sur la pensée critique et les littératies (informationnelle, numérique, médiatique, etc.), appréhendées avec le concept de métalittératie, chez des étudiant·es qui débutent des études supérieures et se destinent à la profession d’enseignant·e au secondaire, en histoire. L’objectif est de brosser un portrait de la pensée critique et de la métalittératie de ces futur·es enseignant·es de la francophonie à l’heure du Web social. La recherche s’inscrit dans un contexte de multiplication des infox (fausses nouvelles ou fake news) et théories du complot aux impacts sociopolitiques et sanitaires avérés en contexte électoral ou de pandémie. Nous nous sommes intéressé aux étudiant·es de Wallonie (Belgique), de France et du Québec (Canada), particulièrement en raison de l’approche adoptée, dans chacune de ces nations, pour former les futur·es enseignant·es (formation professionnalisante vs formation disciplinaire). Pour mener à bien ce travail, plusieurs objectifs spécifiques ont été convoqués. Il s’agissait de : i) analyser la qualité métrique de versions francophones de tests de mesure de la pensée critique, sur le plan des habiletés et des dispositions, ainsi que de l’autoefficacité en métalittératie ; ii) décrire le score des enseignant·es en formation initiale en matière de pensée critique, notamment en regard de facteurs environnementaux (type de formation, pays d’études, emploi) et personnels (autoefficacité en pensée critique et en métalittératie, croyance en la probabilité de devenir enseignant·e) ; iii) discerner les stratégies en métalittératie et en pensée critique de futur·es enseignant·es en Wallonie en France et au Québec, lorsqu’ils évoluent sur un média social (ici, Facebook) utilisé en tant qu’environnement personnel d’apprentissage (EPA) numérique, en regard du type de formation et de certains facteurs environnementaux (perception de l’environnement scolaire et numérique) et personnels (autoefficacité). Un dernier objectif spécifique, transversal aux trois premiers, consistait à (iv) mettre en dialogue des facteurs socioculturels et prendre en considération le parcours scolaire dans les perceptions et pratiques reliées à la métalittératie et à la pensée critique à l’heure du Web social. La thèse suit une présentation par articles ; chacun est lié à l’un des trois premiers objectifs spécifiques, le quatrième étant donc abordé de façon transversale. Opérée dans cinq établissements (deux en Wallonie, un en France et deux au Québec), cette recherche se fonde sur une méthodologie de type mixte en deux phases. La phase quantitative a permis la passation de trois tests auprès de 245 futur·es enseignant·es (N = 245). Dans la seconde phase, de nature qualitative, 32 étudiant·es (n = 32, sélectionné·es parmi les 245 participant·es) ont participé à des entrevues, notamment pour décrire plus abondamment les stratégies connues pour évaluer de l’information. Nous avons aussi observé les pratiques et stratégies mobilisées par neuf d’entre eux·elles (n = 9) pour évaluer des documentaires et en discuter sur un média social. Le premier article illustre la complexité de mesurer la pensée critique, mais témoigne de la solidité psychométrique de la version francisée du Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment, un test permettant d’établir un score d’habiletés de pensée critique. Par ailleurs, nous faisons l’hypothèse que l’autoefficacité en pensée critique, prédicteur significatif des habiletés, devrait être considérée comme une disposition à la pensée critique. Nous avons aussi développé un instrument mesurant l’autoefficacité pour évaluer l’information selon le concept de métalittératie. Dans un deuxième article, nous avons tenté de définir les meilleurs prédicteurs au score d’habiletés en pensée critique. Un modèle linéaire (incluant pays d’étude, type de formation, emploi salarié, ainsi qu’autoefficacité en pensée critique et en métalittératie) est significatif, mais la capacité prédictive est limitée. Cependant, il apparaît du troisième article que les pratiques et stratégies observées en contexte réel ne permettent d’observer que des différences minimes : les étudiant·es en formation professionnalisante mobiliseraient davantage des stratégies métacognitives et autocritiques quand leurs homologues en formation disciplinaire mobiliseraient plutôt des stratégies critériées. La recherche fait ressortir le rôle potentiellement favorable du rapport à l’emploi actuel et futur d’enseignant·e dans la définition d’habiletés et de dispositions en pensée critique, associées à des stratégies particulières pour aborder l’information. Les résultats appuient le renforcement de l’intégration de la formation initiale des enseignant·es dans la pratique éducative et suggèrent de soutenir le projet de carrière pour développer des compétences de pensée critique. Les forces et limites de la recherche sont discutées et plusieurs recommandations sont émises à l’intention de la recherche et du système éducatif, au niveau des politiques éducatives et pratiques scolaires.
This collective case study focuses on critical thinking and literacies (informational, digital, media, etc.), understood with the concept of metaliteracy, for students beginning higher education and destined to be secondary school history teachers. The objective is to present a portrait of critical thinking and metaliteracy among these preservice teachers from the French-speaking world, in an era of social networks. The background of the research includes an increasing number of fake- news and conspiracy theories with proven socio-political and health impacts in election or pandemic contexts. We studied students from Wallonia (Belgium), France and Québec (Canada), especially because of these nation’s approach to train preservice teachers (vocational training vs disciplinary training). To conduct this project, several specific objectives were formulated. These were: i) to analyse the metric quality of French-version tests quantifying critical thinking skills and dispositions as well as metaliteracy self-efficacy; ii) to describe preservice teacher scores in critical thinking, particularly in respect with environmental (type of training, country of study, employment) and personal (self-efficacy in critical thinking and metaliteracy, belief in the likelihood of becoming teacher) factors; iii) to discriminate between critical thinking and metaliteracy strategies used by preservice teacher in Wallonia, France and Quebec when navigating in a social media (here Facebook) used as digital personal learning environment (PLE) with respect to the type of training and some environmental (perception of the educational and digital environment) and personal (self-efficacy) factors. A last specific objective, transversal to the first three, consisted in iv) engaging socio-cultural factors and taking into account the educational path, in perceptions and practices related to metaliteracy and critical thinking, in the social web era. This thesis follows a presentation by article; each one of them is related to one of the first three objectives, the fourth objective is thus discussed in a transversal way. Carried on five establishments (two in Wallonia, one in France and two in Quebec), this research is based on a two-phase mixed methodology. The quantitative phase involved three tests conducted on 245 preservice teachers (N = 245). During the second phase, the qualitative one, 32 students (n = 32, selected among the 245 participants) were interviewed, particularly to describe known strategies to evaluate information. In addition, we observed practices and strategies mobilized by nine of them (n = 9) to evaluate information from documentaries and discuss it on a social media. The first article illustrates the complexity of critical thinking measurements but demonstrates the psychometric robustness of the French version of the Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment test, a test for scoring critical thinking skills. Furthermore, we postulate that critical thinking self- efficacy, significant predictor of skills, should be considered as a disposition to critical thinking. We have also developed an indicator measuring self-efficacy in terms of metaliteracy. In a second article, we tried to define the best predictors of critical thinking skills scores. A linear model (including country of study, type of training, employment as well as self-efficacy in critical thinking and metaliteracy) is statistically significant although with limited predictive capability. However, strategies and practices described in the third article and observed in real-life context show only minimal differences between used strategies: it seems that students following a vocational training would more likely mobilize metacognitive and self-critical strategies when their counterparts in disciplinary training use more criterion-referenced strategies. The research highlights the positive role of relationship to current and prospective employment of preservice teachers in defining critical thinking skills and dispositions, combined with specific strategies for dealing with information. The results support the increase of preservice teacher training integration into educational practice and suggests the support of career planning to develop critical thinking skills. Strength and limitations of the research are discussed and several recommendations are offered for research project and educational system, in terms of educational policy and school practices.
Ramoo, Lakshmee Devi. "L’expérience d’immigrants, candidats aux ordres professionnels, lors de l’évaluation authentique de leurs compétences langagières, quant à l’épreuve de français de l’Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF)." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25230.
Full textSince a few years, Quebec faces an unprecedented economic situation. Indeed, an ageing and declining population combined with a lack of qualified workers on the labour market is slowing down the economic development of the province. In this context, migrants represent an asset to remain competitive in the economic battle which opposes us to other countries (Boudarbat and Boulet, 2010; Posca, 2019). This fact is further sustained by The Chamber of commerce of metropolitan Montreal (2019); the Quebec council of employers (2015) and the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social solidarity (2019).However, to be able to exercise a regulated profession, migrants must pass the French examination of the Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF). The one which is proposed by this organism since winter 2018 is novel and consists of an evaluation situation which is meant to be authentic, i.e., complex and contextualized (Stiggins, 2007; Wiggins, 1993). Succeeding this examination is a prerequisite to professional licensure. A critical constructivist perspective was thus sought to understand migrants’ experience regarding this examination. More specifically, we sought to shed light on the factors which influence preparation, participation and results announcement of the latter. So, following a comprehensive-interpretative approach, in this exploratory-descriptive research, data were collected through semi-directed interviews of 30 candidates of different professional orders.Results show that in each of the phases of preparation, participation and results announcement, the experience of candidates is influenced both positively and negatively. So, preparation was facilitated by studies and work experience in Quebec, as well as specialized courses. However, the cost of courses and lack of time and resources for self learning acted as barriers to the preparation of candidates. As regards participation, several aspects influenced candidates’ experience positively and negatively. Furthermore, the experience analysis of candidates shed light on certain anomalies: the exam protocol was not standardized across various sessions; candidates shared information among themselves during break time; candidates used deceptive strategies when in difficulty; candidates were frequently absent or just came to respect the exigencies of the French Charter; and the OQLF did not adapt its exam sessions to take into consideration planned absences of candidates. As regards results announcement, candidates’ experiences helped identify the perceived use of the documentation received. The decisions which entailed announcement of results were also put forward as well as the psychological impact of repeated failures on candidates. Moreover, we also discussed the economic impact of candidate failure and their opinions on the examination. Lastly, the problems identified by this study require special attention of the organism so as to enhance candidates’ experience.
Bégin, Mathieu. "Agir contre la cyberintimidation avec la vidéo numérique et YouTube : une étude de sociologie cognitive sur la communication socioéducative médiatisée chez des adolescents." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18441.
Full textCyberbullying refers to any situation where an individual or a group uses digital technology and/or social media in order to harm a third party. In Quebec, 22% of teenagers are victims of cyberbullying each year. The major effects of these acts include social anxiety, lower grades, severe depression and the emergence of suicidal ideation. This thesis focuses on the actions favored by amateur videographers and adolescents to fight against cyberbullying, using digital video and YouTube. The research is inspired by the theory of cognitive rationality, which suggests that social phenomena may be explained by the reasons why individuals act in a given context. It also uses the concepts of mediation and mediatization in order to distinguish the relational act of communication and the act of formatting information. In this study, 59 amateur videos have been archived, three interviews with video producers have been conducted and 14 focus groups with 75 teenagers were lead. These three data sets have been subjected to a categorical content analysis, which identified the dominant ideas and the preferred modes of representation in the videos and in the discourses of participants. The results presented show that amateur videos urge the public to act against cyberbullying, but that they offer few concrete solutions. To convince the public to take action, the videos show high rates of victimization, take position against the idea that cyberbullying is less serious than traditional bullying, and argue that this phenomenon can lead to suicide. The videos present a picture of the victims that may seem stereotypical at first glance, but which corresponds to the results of research on cyberbullying. This study also shows that video producers are more motivated by the acquisition of a capital of recognition and by the development of skills in video production than by the desire to help those affected by cyberbullying. The results also show that the idea of producing unrealistic dramatizations to describe cyberbullying is rejected by teenagers, who value instead realism and authenticity. They also reveal that teenagers are not receptive to the idea of using humor or violence to convince an audience, and that they are opposed to the idea of producing a video whose contents are computer-generated or in which there is no human presence. The main contribution of this research to the advancement of knowledge on youth and media is a better understanding of the challenges faced by teenagers when they produce a socioeducational video. Media education programs targeting teenagers could discuss with them the principles of such communication, especially regarding the choice of contents, the intended audience and the preferred mode of diffusion.