Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éducation des femmes – Afrique subsaharienne'
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Ouoba, Yienouyaba Gaetan. "Capital humain des femmes et utilisation de la biomasse verte : évidence de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68419.
Full textZoundi, David Aimé. "Three essays in the economics of gender and development." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69588.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis explores barriers to gender equality in developing countries. It is composed of three essays. The first essay (chapter 1) explores the roots of gender inequality favoring boys in education. It analyzes the effect of culture interaction with poor household economic on the school dropout probabilities of boys' and girls', using Malawi data. Malawi's suitability for this analysis stems from the coexistence in its territory of two different customs of post-marital residence for couples: patrilocal and matrilocal customs. Estimation results show that gender inequality in education is rooted in the interaction of household economic conditions and the custom of patrilocality—when a married couple settles near or with the husband's family after marriage. The essay concludes that public policies that make it unnecessary for parents to rely on traditional customs to organize their family life can eliminate gender inequality favoring boys' education. The last two essays analyze the issue of polygyny—when a man can have multiples wives simultaneously. This marriage institution has disappeared globally but remains confined in a cluster of sub-Saharan African countries, particularly in the Sahel region. Economic theory predicts that increasing women's education leads to the disappearance of polygyny. Still, empirical evidence is yet to establish this causal link, settling instead for a negative correlation between education and women's polygyny probabilities. The second essay examines the effect of education on women's polygyny probabilities, using primarily Uganda data. For identification, we use an estimation approach that jointly addresses sample selection and education endogeneity problems. We estimate a three-equation model comprising a polygyny (main) equation, a marriage (selection), and an education (endogeneity) equation. Estimation results confirm economic theory's prediction that increasing women's education leads to the disappearance of polygyny. The third and final essay provides evidence on the cause of the clustering of polygyny in drought-prone countries. Evidence shows that in village economies dependent on rainfed agriculture, the breakdown of informal risk-sharing arrangements following covariate shocks such as droughts increases the value of having a large family, both in size and composition, as a lever of resilience strategies. We find that polygyny allows households to build resilience to the adverse effects of drought on crop yields. These three essays contribute to advancing our knowledge of the barriers to gender inequalityin sub-Saharan Africa. It mainly draws attention to the importance for developing countries to invest in girls' schooling (Essay 2) and promote public policies that make it less attractive for parents to resort to traditional institutions to support their livelihoods (Essay 1). Additionally, policies such as those promoting smallholder farmers as a development strategy can contribute to the persistence of polygyny in drought-prone communities if done without weaning the rural population of its dependence on rainfed agriculture. In these settings, promoting resilience and adaptation strategies independent of household size can lead to polygyny and child marriage's disappearance (Essay 3).
Rizzo, Elisa. "Essays on education and stages of growth." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E052/document.
Full textThis work is composed by three chapters, two of them deal with education and public education policies related to crime, one focuses on the relationship between education and birth spacing and fertility. In the first chapter I study the mechanisms at play between education and crime when the government introduces a policy to increase the access to education and whether choosing the right policy design we are able to reduce crime despite the raise in the aggregate wealth generated by human capital growth. In the second chapter I analyse the dynamic relation between education access, education quality and crime deterrence technology, to characterize the conditions under which crime drops and the implied role of education. The third chapter is an empirical study of the relationship between education and fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa, between economics and demography. Even if the topic and the methods of the first two papers differ a lot from the third one, they are all related by the interest to understand better the role of education in economic growth. Both crime and violence and high fertility rates and population growth, for diverse reasons and through peculiar dynamics, undermine economic investment and growth potential. The goal of this thesis is therefore to give a contribution to understand these reasons and these dynamics, with special attention to developing countries where free access to education is a recent achievement and where there is still work to do to improve the quality of the education system and teaching
Makosso, Christian Ernest. "Ajustement structurel et éducation en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100086.
Full textThis study consist mainly on showing the impact of the structural adjustment on enrolments of people provided with schooling in Ivory Cost. At first, we place this study in the general context in SSA. This brings us to make an inventory of fixtures of African school systems and point out the growth of the global tends of the structural adjustment on enrolments of people provided with schooling in SSA' countries under adjustment and outside of adjustment between 1970 and 2000. Afterwards, we enter specifically upon our study, which is to study the impact of the structural adjustment on scholastic supply and the private scholastic demand (effective demand) in Ivory Cost and behaviours change of Ivorian households in terms of familial education strategies generated by the adjustment. The post adjustment perspective, we are outlining PRSP's (Poverty Reduction Strategies Papers) implications on the scholastic supply and its quality in Burkina Faso (having reached the completion point), in default of of Ivorian' PRSP (decisional point)
Nouhouayi, Albert. "Vers une nouvelle philosophie du développement en Afrique noire." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010619.
Full textMaraux, Barbara. "Pratiques contraceptives des femmes immigrées d’Afrique subsaharienne en France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS534/document.
Full textFor immigrant women from sub-Saharan Africa, arriving in France may be a break in their sexual, emotional and reproductive trajectory. If many have already experienced pregnancy before arriving, a number will not have started their reproductive life. However, for women who wish so, the arrival in France and the change in the contraceptive landscape may be an opportunity to access effective contraception or to change the method. In 2010, in France, of the entire population of women between the ages of 15-49 and in need of contraception, 78.5% reported using medical contraception compared to 22.9% in sub-Saharan Africa (all countries combined) for women in the same age group. Moreover, the population from sub-Saharan Africa is particularly affected by HIV/AIDS in Africa but also in France, where they represent the second most affected group.Based on two surveys, Parcours and Vespa 2, our study aimed to highlight the contraceptive practices and possible inequalities in contraception that immigrant women from sub-Saharan Africa face, in order to identify improvements in their sexual and reproductive health care.The results of this thesis highlight that African immigrant women seize a system that articulates the sponsoring of contraception, easier access and medical practices resulting in a strong adherence to effective medical contraception since the majority of women report using the pill, the implant and sometimes the IUD. These results must however be adjusted for two reasons. On one hand, women living with HIV (immigrant women or women born in France) use condoms for the most part. On the other hand, the use of an implant is much more pervasive than in the general population which should encourage us to continue studying to what extent the methods in use correspond to a choice and are adapted to the needs of women
Badinga, Arcadius. "Capital humain et commerce international en Afrique subsaharienne." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10065.
Full textBekkouche, Yasmine. "Education Quality in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH005.
Full textThis PhD dissertation addresses these issue in the context of SSA. I first highlight differences in the quality of primary education. Identifying the link between academic skills and education requires a specific methodology. I then turn to the explanation of these differences. The countries studied have a strong colonial history, which has left lasting impacts in many institutions, particularly in education systems. This thesis also aims to study how differences in education systems (from equipment to teacher education and educational practices) affect student performance. The last part of this study explores a specific lever related to school time in skill formation. The three papers follow a natural progression and each one is a continuation of the former, addressing the issue from an increasingly specific angle. The first chapter investigates primary education quality from a larger scope, studying cohorts born from the independences to the 1990s in many SSA countries. Schools in Francophone countries are more elitists but provide students with better literacy and numeracy skills. The second chapter focuses on the specific case of Cameroon. It exploits the partition of the country between the French and British Empires, to study how differences in school systems lead to differences in student achievements. The better performance of Francophone school systems is confirmed by this study and also better explained: the Francophone sub-system seems better at teaching very formal mathematical skills. The third chapter studies the impact on student progressions of a specific factor: rainfall during the school year. It concludes that rain during school-times negatively affects learning outcomes, suggesting that those perturbations in instruction times should be taken into account by governments
Petty, Sheila. "La femme dans le cinéma d'Afrique noire." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040221.
Full textThe aim of this study is to assess the role of women in black african film. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to an analysis of women's participationin the film industry in Africa. There are very few female filmmakers and technicians and no femaleproducers. Female role models presented by filmmakers result from a deisre to educate the spectator. Interviews with both actresses and spectators suggest that film production in black west Africa is yet too weak to foster female filmmakers and stars. The second part of the thesis examines the representation of women in visual and auditory (language, noise, music) images. Using antithetic images, directors contrast traditional and modern female stereotypes
Koloma, Yaya. "Pauvreté, genre et microfinance en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Mali." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40057.
Full textThe problematic of the correlation between poverty, gender and microfinance is, at the moment, central to many theoretical and empirical analyses in developing countries like Mali. Despite the implementation of many development programs, the current persistence of poverty, and its configuration according to gender concerns led partircularly to pay attention to the women having access to the microfinance services, including microcredit. This particularity is based on three fundamental factors : (i) a higher proportion of women in the category of poor and poorest, (ii) good performance in term of repayment compared to the men, and (iii) a supposed efficient useful of microfinance services for the household well-being benefit. However, the plurality of approaches and contrasted impact results raises questions about the real capacity of microfinance to help reduce poverty in Mali, counting beneficiaries' gender. In this sense, the interest of this research is to understand, in a comparative dimension, the impact or the microfinance effects from different methods of statistical analysis and econometric techniques, in order to highlight the potential correlation and causality in particular. Overall, the analysis can interfere, statistically, that (i) women beneficiaries are poorer than male recipients, and econometrically that (ii) microfinance appears to contribute to the poverty reduction among beneficiaries in Mali, and in the causality sense, (iii) the effects are relatively more important in reducing poverty among women compared to men beneficiaries. Thus, the cardinal question that this thesis is following : Does the microfinance constitute an efficient instrument for reducing poverty according to the gender beneficiaries ?
Bernard, Jean-Marc. "La fonction de production éducative revisitée dans le cadre de l’Education pour tous en Afrique subsaharienne : des limites théoriques et méthodologiques aux apports à la politique éducative." Dijon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00223023.
Full textWith the Education Production Function, economists have greatly contributed to the extension of this research field. Methodological issues have particularly rallied researchers' interests on empirical estimations, while academic researches on the renewal of the theoretical framework have remained scarce despite obvious bounds. The challenges of Education For All in Africa stress out the need of a massive recruitment of teachers till 2015 which raises tricky issues as financial sustainability and the profile of these new teachers. According to the analyses, status and other teachers' characteristics have limited effect on pupils' learning achievement. At the opposite, disparities between classes and schools explain a large part of the differences noted in learning achievements between pupils. The literature supposes that it is due to the teacher effect which raises certain reserves. However, they show that disparities between classes and schools are at the heart of the issue related to the quality of learning in numerous African countries. It underlines the crucial importance to paid to the disparities between schools in current management
Delesalle, Esther. "Trois essais sur l'équité d'accès à l'éducation en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0964/document.
Full textDespite numerous investments that have been made to increase access to education in sub-Saharan Africa, a noteworthy share of children drop out of school prior to completing primary education. To address this issue, this thesis examines the factors that drive education decisions in a rural risky environment. The first chapter focuses on one of the core determinant of education investment that has been under-explored, the opportunity costs of education. To identify these costs that can significantly hinder education, we determine children's productivity on the farm and provide an estimate range of the value of one day of child labor. In order to better understand education decisions in rural sub-Saharan Africa, the second chapter assesses the different benefits of education in rural Tanzania, where family farm is the dominant structure in agriculture and where the technology level is low. Finally, the third chapter investigates whether productivity shocks are detrimental to educational achievement and children’s cognitive skills by considering two particular aspects, the age at which shocks occur, and the length of shocks. This subject is all the more relevant today when the number of productivity shocks is growing. Throughout these three chapters which focus on rural Tanzania, this thesis provides some insight into the role of public policies in protecting and promoting education
André, Pierre. "Institutions scolaires et accès à l'école en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0103.
Full textThis thesis analyses some of the challenges faced by developing countries on their way to universal primary education. The first of its three chapters give an insight on the political economy of the allocation of public goods in developing countries studying the case of Ghana. The second one studies the relationship between grade repetition and school dropout in Senegal The fast chapter studies the relationship between Koranic and formal enrolment in Senegal
Beauzile, Fabienne-Jessy. "Éléments d'analyse économique de la contribution des femmes au développement des pays d'Afrique sub-saharienne." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D022.
Full textThe subsistence activities omitted in the statictics of production, incomes and employment are largely women's work. The assumption that males are house hold heads and breadwinners is one of the main reasons why women's work and their maintenance of their children is usually overlooked. The underestimation of women's activities in different fields leads to the under-allocation of resources and opportunities to women and programmes that affect them. The lack of joint conjugal funds, the segregated patterns of conjugal role relationships, the organisation of domestic groups in subsaharan africa lead to a considerable autonomy of wives. Women take part in the food strategy. The traditional division of labour by sex gives them a quasi-monopoly on growing, processing and selling their products. Low prices allow poor urban consumers to survice but prevent most women from getting a real independance. Women are kept apart the labour market : social patterns lead to segregation more than discrimination because they allow them neither to get the same educational level nor the same jobs as males
Ahounou, Chantal. "Education noire et conscience politique de la jeunesse noire urbanisée en Afrique du Sud 1945 - 1990." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070152.
Full textBy the late 1940s, the missionary education produced the emergence of Bantou education system in South Africa. His evolution is analysed between 1948 and 1990. When the government decided to introduce Bantu education, the black youth reacted vehemently. Since 1976, they created a culture of resistance
Dao, Faty. "Le rôle socio-économique de la femme dans la lutte contre la pauvreté en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Mali." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0055.
Full textTo analyse the situation of sub-Saharan African women their status in both social and economic should be considered. The eradication of poverty has been one of the priorities of the international community for a long time. The strategies chosen on the international and the national level are far from unanimous. The disparities existing between women in urban environments, and rural areas, are particularly striking as they oblige women to accept precarious conditions, given their vulnerablity. A theoretical framework oriented towards new concepts will enable economists to analyse this fight against feminine poverty and better take into account all the economic instablity and frailty with the inclusion of human dimensions. We shall question the integration of women in development. Can the consideration of women in the various development policies contribute to a better fight against poverty? Is the implication of women in this fight necessary and sufficient for long lasting social and economic development?
Shongedza, Ignatiana. "L' évolution de l'éducation des femmes en Afrique australe." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010572.
Full textWayack, Pambè Madeleine. "Genre, sexe du chef de ménage et scolarisation des enfants à Ouagadougou." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100186.
Full textThis thesis examines the mediating role of gender in the demand for child education in Ouagadougou. It specifically addresses the influence of women in the modification of educational inequalities within households. The research utilizes census data from 2006, data from a quantitative study on the involvement of fathers and mothers in education, and semi-structures interviews with female heads of household conducted in 2009, to elaborate on results often observed in sub-Saharan Africa that children are often better educated in female-headed households. The analysis deals primarily with sociological priorities of the status of the “female head of household” and examines the element that legitimizes them as a distinct category from male heads of household, creating a cohesive group. The study focuses then on the relationship between demand for schooling and the sex of the head of household as well as, the sex of children in relation to family status. The results demonstrate that regardless the status of the head of household, particular family configurations with structures headed by women provide a conducive environment for the education of children, especially for boys. A complex and ambiguous finding also emerged in regards to the schools of these households, which proved to be more harmful to the education of some girls as a result of unequal gender relations in society exacerbated by the need for domestic labor in urban families. This thesis sheds light on the potential for census data to provide a gender-based approach to family education strategies in urban Burkina Faso
Traoré, Fatoumata. "Rôle du capital social dans le bien-être des femmes en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas de Conakry en Guinée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25180/25180.pdf.
Full textSevrain, Emilie. "Des pensées politiques subversives aux conduites révolutionnaires : les personnages feminins dans les littératures francophones de l'Afrique subsaharienne : (1975 à 2005)." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131009.
Full textFurther to the violent colonial conquests and the postcolonial civil wars, many writers, men and women, applied themselves to depict contemporary Africa's political and cultural upheavals. Female figures emerge from these struggles of power and the underlying resistance movements. Holding political sponsibilities or commited in revolutionary missions, they scope of African societies’tendancies to corruption and despotism through subversive speeches and/or protesting reactions. Based on recent texts published between 1975 and 2005, this dissertation proposes to highlight the rhetorical and stylistic processes at work in the development of a women’s political imaginary. Following an interdisciplinary methodology, we will try to determine the cultural and ideological issues of these constant features and/or poetic innovations in the rewriting, modelling or subversion processes of African struggles’memory
Messa, Wambe Caroline Flore. "Femmes auteures, femmes publiques : mise en abyme de l'écrivaine par les romancières d'Afrique subsaharienne et du monde insulaire d'expression française, dans leurs productions littéraires contemporaines." Limoges, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIMO2006.
Full textThe women's literature since its true take-off in the 1980s, in sub-Saharan Africa as in the island world of French speaking is more and more prolific. The women writers are making history and mark the minds. Their narrative processes imply and require a close link with readers. The written subject writes about herself. In fact, as well as the title of this thesis expresses, it is to observe the status of the woman writer in the contemporary productions of Africa's novelists and those of the island world of French speaking. Further to the language, the literary style, themes and ideologies, these women writers have a common history, especially slavery and colonization which reinforce and justify the various reconciliations made. The status of women, in this study, remains important and is even a priority, because it is all about this : investigate the woman writer's status as shown in their novels. Women, they question themselves on the future of the woman in their respective society, in particular on that of the woman writer, from which the book child and the testimony book emerge, just to mention those examples. The point is to analyze "the fictional visions" that the women writers have in regard to their job, to observe other's consideration, attention, legitimacy and the credit granted to them. It is therefore about studying in the condition in which the women produce their novels, the publication's possibilities, promotion and distribution of the book, in a comparative approach and analytical method
Ben, Lazrak Asma. "Empowerment et économie sociale et solidaire : étude de cas d'organisations féminines en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAE004/document.
Full textThe objectives of this work are to analyse different practices of social and solidarity economy that enable African women to move beyond vulnerability. Income generating activities involve both an increase in individual and collective empowerment of women, and in addition - further development of their communities. African women are key agents of change through individual actions, but most of all - though collective once. In Africa, as well as in various countries of the South, female organisations are not only a place for women to gain some economic independence, but a genuine areas of freedom and exchange, that allow them to come out of isolation, to learn new skills, and to have more esteem and self-confidence as individuals in their own rights alongside the men in a patriarchal societies. It is through these activities that women strengthen their role, their social status, and reinforce their femininity and presence Women's organisations, in different degree, manage to gain some success. The positive impact of women's participation in these groups suggests that the individual or collective empowerment of poor women is possible by opting for alternative solutions based on practical and collective actions that develop more capacity and greater freedom. In this sense, Sen's capability approach is relevant to the extent, that it reinforces the importance of women's activities within the social economy, thereby strengthening the gains in terms of empowerment. The main function of female economic organisations is to enable women members to be able to support themselves through mobilisation and redistribution of resources and therefore help them out of poverty. These women who are active in organisations and are often responsible for the family, often seek most financial means to meet their family and social obligations. Through our work, we have identified further significant gains for women as individuals, as well as in a collective, but these gains are less quantifiable. The context of crisis and insecurity gives women's activities a very important social role especially in the South, where the feminisation of poverty is important
Nnang, Edang. "L'approche par compétences dans les pays en développement : effets des réformes curriculaires en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL039.
Full textFor decades, all analyzes converge on the idea of the relative inefficiency of education systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Dropout, repetition, overstaffing, low quality of learning student failure and obsolescence of facilities, teaching materials and teachers, including sometimes the levels and quality of education remain somewhat uncertain, inadequate educational programs. In short, these are some of the ills that plague these systems and confirm the findings made by many reports. Given this weakness finding, educational authorities, supported by international aid mobilized in many countries to improve their systems to qualitatively, but also quantitatively equity because we must not forget in these systems, the structural and contextual dimorphism makes them highly unequal. Faced with this crisis, one of the interviews solutions with short and medium-term effects has been to fundamentally rethink the curriculum. In this context, the competencies approach constitutes one of the major developments in educational research of the past three decades, was selected as most suitable to meet the basic educational needs of school populations. To define its contours and appreciate the merits, an objective analysis of the results of these reforms, some of which began in 1998 was necessary. Thus, this research aims to assess both the relevance that the level of effectiveness of curricular reforms implemented in three Francophone African countries namely: Benin, Gabon and Madagascar. Drawing on data from the educational systems analysis program in Francophone Africa (PASEC) and an ad hoc survey in Gabon, the study attempts to identify the determinants of educational effectiveness from the comparative performance analysis and a sequential study of teaching practices. If the results come out real transformations from the perspective of teaching practices, school performance indicators are in turn quite disappointing. However, with major support measures what initiated the educational authorities in some countries, we can expect much better results in time
Sene, Saliou. "Perspective internationale en éducation inclusive et réalités des enfants en situation de handicap en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0005.
Full textTo operationalize the vision described in the Senegal’s reference document titled “Plan Senegal Emergent”, several public policies are being implemented. For sectors that at first hand concerned with childhood, the objective is to improve the well-being of children based on the national and international guidelines. In fact, the following programs: Universal Health Coverage, Free Child Care (-5 years), Family Security Scholarships and Equal Opportunities Card are to be highlighted. In the education and training sector, the Program for Improving Quality, Equity and Transparency (2018-2030), fights inequality in education. The main objective of the Ministry of education is to apply the government’s policies that maintain consistency with the international perspective, in particular the roadmap of the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the Sustainable Development Goals.However, in 2016, statistics revealed that for children from 6 to 16 years old, which represent 4,022,229, there are 1,174,077 children ever in school, including 43% girls and 23,425 children with disabilities without formal education (USAID Study, 2016). We are very conscious about the theory of an inclusive society (Gardou, 2012) that stipulates that no one has the right to grasp for himself the common heritage of Mankind. Then,, this large number of children is a key booster to mobilize for a research of mechanisms capable to adapt worldwide orientations to inclusive public education policies. Indeed, this research aims to enrich existing knowledge in a participatory strategy of common understanding of globalized issues with a vision for realities as disparate as those of children with disabilities.To do this, key concepts are reviewed and interviews conducted and based on the principles of positivism of Augustus Comte, whose ultimate goal is the establishment of a new social, political and moral order. In terms of results, the main challenge to be faced is the strict alignment with international policy regulations that could probably lead to absurd injunctions. In order to verify this absurd injunction hypothesis, the technique applied to a hypothetico-deductive approach allowed collection and analysis of data through scale methods used to quantify quality issues. Upgrading the learning environment in terms of built physical classes, water supply, fencing walls, separate toilets (boys, girls, adults), textbooks and appropriate learning materials are an essential lever for school inclusion strategies in African, Francophone sub-Saharan Countries in general.In Senegal, the full application of inclusive education policy faces hard conditions like the learning environment including communication for behavioral change and the retraining of education staff. The construction of the vision for a proper consideration of children with disabilities in low-income countries aligned with worldwide guidelines becomes a requirement. Types of disabilities that can be combined in ordinary classrooms and not a risky elimination of special schools for some type of children, contrary to the injunction to register the child in the neighbourhood school with crowded classrooms and a limited quality learning environment seem to be the way out
Desnoyers, Johanne. "Histoire des femmes au Sénégal et au Mali et processus de modernisation : itinéraires et aspirations de la première génération de femmes lettrées." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ51127.pdf.
Full textSawadogo, Martine. "Identification des facteurs qui influencent l’utilisation des services de santé sexuelle et reproductive chez les femmes immigrantes francophones d’Afrique Subsaharienne." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34615.
Full textNdembi, Ndembi Aimée Patricia. "Contraception et désir d'enfant : approches psychologiques et culturelles de la sexualité des femmes gabonaises." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0031.
Full textGueye, Ababacar sedikh. "Access to education and labor market in sub-saharan Africa." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD015.
Full textCompared to other regions, sub-Saharan Africa lags far behind in terms of poverty reduction and human development. This is partly explained by the low access to education combined with the weak dynamism of the labor market, characterized by a large share of vulnerable employment. In 2016, one in three children in sub-Saharan Africa is out of school and more than seven out of ten workers are employed in vulnerable jobs. This thesis proposes three empirical studies to better understand, on the one hand, access to education in sub-Saharan Africa and, on the other hand, the impact of access to a decent job on poverty reduction. Chapter 1 examines the role of social interactions in schooling decisions in rural Senegal using data from a demographic surveillance system. This study uses the caste system in Senegal and geographical proximity to build social groups. Results show that the membership to a social group strongly influences school attendance. Three mechanisms could explain this effect: social norms, the perception of return to education, and ripple effects. Chapter 2 aims to analyze whether orphans on the one hand, and non-orphans not living with their biological parents on the other hand, are disadvantaged in terms of access to education and child labor. I use data from a panel survey collected in rural Tanzania. The results show that paternal orphans and double-orphans receive less education expenditure but are not disadvantaged in terms of schooling or child labor. On the other hand, paternal orphans residing with their mothers receive on average the same amount of education expenditure as other children and are more likely to attend school. On average, non-orphaned fostered children are not different from children living with their biological parents in terms of education and child labor. These findings suggest an absence of discrimination against orphans and fostered children, but a loss of income for paternal orphans which could impede their educational outcomes. Finally, the last chapter looks at the situation of the labor market in Senegal. It attempts to analyze the best strategy to reduce poverty between access to a decent job in Senegal or migration abroad. The results indicate that both decent job and migration have a significant impact on poverty reduction, but the magnitudes of these two impacts are not significantly different. However, access to a decent job increases educational expenditure while migration has a little or no effect on educational expenditure
Tshibilondi, Ngoyi Albertine. "Genre, éducation et développement: enjeux de l'éducation de la femme en Afrique. Cas des femmes congolaises au Kasaï." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211220.
Full textVon, Lautz-Cauzanet Eilean. "Mobile supported teacher training in Sub-Saharan Africa. Which contributions and how to analyze them?" Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN011/document.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the contributions of mobile supported teacher training, how these evolve and which factors take influence on this evolution. The first two chapters expose the close link between the evolution of education policies, teacher recruitment strategies and the need for a both realistic and qualitative teacher training. After a recall of the exceptional growth of mobile infrastructure sector, the use of distance and notably mobile supported teacher training is discussed. The research context shows that there is lack of research on the medium-term contributions of mobile supported teacher training and provides strong indicators that this issue is closely related to the overall short-term approach of pilot projects. Therefore, four studies (chapter 5 to 7) seek to analyze contributions through a both multidimensional and longitudinal perspective. The first study (Chapter 5), analyzes from an exploratory perspective the reported and observed contributions of the IFADEM training among former participants. It reveals amongst others that the sustaining contributions are mostly mobile phone supported and well embedded in the professional and private sphere of former individuals. These sustainable usages are driven by intrinsic motivation, and sustain because of a strong collective appropriation experience that acted as ‘kick off’ phase for new practices. Given the domination of mobile usages, the second study (chapter 6) focuses on mobile communications, one of the reported key contributions of the IFADEM training. It confirms the sustainability of phone communications despite the end of external organizational or financial stimuli, and shows also how phone these sustainable communications reflect the ongoing appropriation of mobile for work and private matters. This chapter allows further to identify those key factors that allow for this appropriation process to happen in the first place. Besides this identification of what can be called ‘risk and success factors’ for sustainable mobile teacher training contributions, it reveals also the importance of ongoing peer to peer communication among former participants. Subsequently, the third study (Chapter 7) analyzes structures and processes of these mobile supported connections. As indicated by respondents interviewed for the first study, the presence of a stable, collaborative teacher network could be confirmed. Its analysis allows qualifying the ties among former participants, which are both of instrumental and expressive nature. Multiple motivations to be part of this network contribute to its sustainability and autonomy over two years after the end of the training, strengthened by the presence of leaders who ensure internal and external information flow. Overall, it provides an additional perspective on the importance and outcomes of a collective appropriation process. Finally, the fourth study (Chapter 8) shifts perspectives, approaching the question of medium-term contributions and pertaining factors for sustainability through the lens of organizing stakeholders, i.e. those who fund, organize, design and evaluate mobile teacher training. This study indicates not only that actors perceive themselves as part of a system with considerable political pressure and demands that constraint significantly their activities, leading to a short term perspective on success factors.It reveals also that projects partners are considered simultaneously as goal and obstacle. Their descriptions indicate an often difficult and sometimes patronizing relationship, which occupy a central place in projects preoccupations’. Actors depict also pilot projects as organizational and political instrument. The collision of a normative discourse of high moral value with a technical and organization oriented discourse is one of the striking results of this study
Moji, Polo Belina. "Réimaginer la nation : nationalisme africain, engagement sociopolitique et autoreprésentation chez les romancières subsahariennes." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030130/document.
Full textNationalism in sub-Saharan Africa « imagines » a homogenous national identity embedded in the mythology of African uniqueness, which represents the woman symbol of cultural roots (the “Mother Africa “trope). This study analyses how the sub-Saharan female novelist (the woman as a mute, extra-historical and apolitical object of culture) appropriates African nationalism (re-imagines the nation) to define a new identity for African womanhood. The study tests the hypothesis that a marginal subject reveals itself in “border location” according to its similarity or difference to dominant subjects. It analyses political nationality (citizenship), cultural nationality (Africanness), and their interaction within the representation of female national identity. And They Didn’t Die and Nehanda evoke liberation movements in South Africa and Zimbabwe to recontextualise women’s cultural affiliation (the woman “pot of culture)” between tradition and modernity. Matins de couvre-feu and L’Ex-père de la nation depict the post-independence disillusionment of Senegal and the Ivory Coast to subvert the dichotomy of public and private spheres which construct a male centred State (the “Father of the Nation”) and the woman-centred “domestic” sphere. Finally, Destination Biafra highlights ethnic nationalism in Nigeria to illustrate the problematic of the intertwining of cultural and political nationalities resulting from the paradoxical construction of the African nation-state: A State (a geo-political space) defined by modern borders and a supranational nation (“imagined community”) delimited by the symbolic borders of a pre-colonial culture
Le, Bars Joanne. "Conquérir la galère : géographie féministe postcoloniale de femmes sans-papiers venues d'Afrique subsaharienne et du Maghreb en région parisienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1130.
Full textMy dissertation draws on feminist and postcolonial geographies and the literature on working classes, and analyses the trajectories and senses of belonging of women with no legal status who have migrated alone from Subsaharan Africa or Maghreb to the region of Paris. The empirical ethnographic investigation was carried out between late 2009 and 2016 and involved 52 women. The first section of the dissertation reflexively examines the position in terms of gender, race and class from which the ethnography is conducted, and the awareness of the dominant position I had in this research as a young white heterosexual woman from the lower middle class of the French provinces. The second chapter deals with the discourses and practices of two types of women who accompany migrant women on a daily basis: psychologists and social workers. The women have a new geography of intimacy assigned to themselves as they arrive in France : their experiences are constructed according to the dominant categories of understanding of the society of arrival, their social difficulties are depicted as psychological and they are described in terms of postcolonial representations of the condition of « African » and « Arabic » women. The third section of the work looks at the ways in which, faced with these stereotypes and with the denial of rights, the migrant women resist these constraints. Ethnographic methods unearth the determinants of these women’s discourses and practices, along with an emphasis on trajectories and experiences of belonging, and material practices. They cast light on the social differenciations between these women and their multi-location on different scenes (that of activism, that of residence, that of work and their migration project). A geographical approach allows for a contextual, in-depth analysis of the materiality of places, spatial practices and appropriation, between public and private space, from rootedness in the local to the enforced mobility of seeking housing with the emergency services (115), from body to home, from neighbourhood to city and to the borders of the nation
Nkounga, Francois Joseph. "Le rôle de l’Église catholique dans la colonisation française en Afrique subsaharienne : Éducation et hypocrisie dans Une vie de boy de Ferdinand Oyono." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100395.
Full textWafo, François. "Problématique d'une éducation à la sexualité en milieu scolaire dans les pays d'Afrique Subsaharienne : L'exemple du Cameroun." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20015/document.
Full textEducation on sexuality or “sex education” aims to reduce risky sexual behaviour amongadolescents and young adults in particular. Several international organisations (UNESCO,WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF) encourage sex education in schools, particularly in countries ofsub-Saharan Africa where sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/Aids remainfrequent. However the lack of literature on sex education in schools makes implementing suchpolicies difficult. Developing sex education in schools of sub-Saharan Africa requires takinginto account the specific socio-Economic, cultural and institutional contexts of these countries,as well as the individual conceptions that young people have of sexuality and whichdetermine their sexual behaviour. Teacher involvement in this task is not evident either, asteachers tend to resist implementing sex education for various reasons that should beidentified and analyzed.These PhD thesis studies pupil conceptions of sex education and the needs they identify inthis domain on one hand, and the conceptions and professional practices of teachers in sexeducation on the other hand, in the country of Cameroon. With the purpose of contributing thedevelopment of theoretical models of intervention and a framework for teacher training in sexeducation adapted to the African context, our research attempts to identify the factors thataffect the implementation and the success of sex education in sub-Saharan Africa via the caseof Cameroon. Our study is based on a survey of middle-School pupils (n=3071) and a surveyof general education teachers (n=368) in Cameroon.Results show that pupil individual conceptions are favourable to sex education in schools, andthat pupils consider their teachers and their schools to be legitimate providers of sexeducation. Pupils rarely discuss sexuality with their parents, whereas their main sources ofinformation on sexuality are the television, school, and the internet. The pupils expressededucational needs encompassing the five dimensions of sexuality.In contrast, we found that teachers do not tend to perceive sex education in schoolsfavourably. This position appears to be to be linked to their limited experience of teachingsexual education, and the lack of training they have received in the teaching of sex education.Nearly half of the teachers interviewed do not feel concerned by the subject and feel that sexeducation should not be taught in schools. Also teachers demonstrated an overall lack ofunderstanding of pupil needs and expectations as well as the impact that sex education couldhave on the health of their pupils. Many teachers maintain the position that they are notcompetent and in sex education and even that it is not their role. However the majority of theteachers investigated do agree that there is a real need for sex education for adolescents and young adults
Palé, Éri Brigitte. "Évaluation de l'implantation de l'approche par compétences dans la formation professionnelle en Afrique sub-saharienne : cas de la Côte d'Ivoire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30429.
Full textDiop, Mor. "Migration et prostitution : la prostitution comme étape dans les parcours de migration de femmes d'Afrique subsaharienne vers la France et l'Allemagne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG025.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to understand, on the one hand, the migratory trajectory of women from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe and, on the other hand, their entry into prostitution, that is to say, the reasons and factors that were responsible for them making the decision go into prostitution. For this study, I carried out an empirical project using a qualitative methodology based on the encounter, exchange and co-production of knowledge. Individual life stories were shared by women mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, working or having worked in the field of prostitution during their migratory journeys to Germany or to France. Overall, the goal is to analyze the trends that emerge from this study
Larmarange, Joseph. "Prévalences du VIH en Afrique : validité d'une mesure." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320283.
Full textLes EDS constituent un bon indicateur du niveau des épidémies à l'échelle national et régional, voir infrarégional grâce au recours à des techniques d'analyse spatiale en composantes d'échelles. Mais leur fréquence est inadaptée pour mesurer les évolutions à court terme. La surveillance sentinelle, estimateur local des ordres de grandeur, peut être un indicateur de tendances sous certaines conditions. Cependant, si la situation actuelle commence à être mieux connue, une mesure réelle des dynamiques est encore hors de notre portée.
Balle, Nicole. "Le projet éducatif de Marie-Eugénie Milleret en Afrique noire d'hier à demain : mise en oeuvre de la dialectique instruction / éducation." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL349.
Full textSmires, Yasmine. "Politiques publiques et participation citoyenne des femmes aux radios communautaires au Sénégal : impacts sur les droits économiques et civils." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26261/26261.pdf.
Full textRadio has been a really important communication medium for African countries. The democratization experienced by the African countries helped to liberalize the media landscape. Furthermore, this liberalization helped the development of a specific kind of radio, community radios, that have ability of giving a voice to the voiceless. Beside the insufficient integration of women in the community radios, this study shows that this new communication tool has a relative importance on women’s economic and civil rights. The study shows what these impacts are, as well as their limits, and the place of governmental and non-governmental institutions in the development of this medium.
Savina, Marie-Dominique. "Marché de la formation et qualité : le cas de l'enseignement professionnel et technique privé au Bénin." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-231.pdf.
Full textDoudjidingao, Antoine. "Education et croissance en Afrique subsaharienne : une analyse comparative des trajectoires socioéconomiques de trois groupes de pays anglophones, francophones et maghrébins." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00414483.
Full textBelhadj, Boufendi Latifa. "La condition féminine au Maghreb post-indépendant : étude comparée : Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030132.
Full textSene, Rosalie Demosse. "Expériences pré-migratoires et projets de vie socioprofessionnelle des femmes immigrantes ouest-africaines à Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29932/29932.pdf.
Full textThis research addresses the question of socio-professional insertion of immigrant women coming from the French-speaking West Africa, considered through their pre-migration experiences. This study describes precisely the reality of skilled (or qualified) immigrant women before, during and after the process of immigration and their socio-professional integration in Quebec City. Socio-demographic characteristics were used to collect information on participants and complete the portrait of their reality. This study is meant to be descriptive and qualitative. The topic of this research was selected for study in view of completing a lack of work on visible minority, particularly immigrant women from the French-speaking West Africa. Above all, it was an opportunity to explore the complexity of their socio-professional integration. This qualitative descriptive study using a symbolic interactionism perspective was employed in order to analyse the social phenomena of the immigrant women’s socio-professional integration. Moreover, this view allows to underline the interaction of the women with the host society. The human capital theory is added to give an overview about their abilities and skills. After ten semi-structured interviews, the results of this research conclude and highlight the socio-professional capital of women coming from the French-speaking West-Africa before landing to Canada, their post-migration experience and finally the impact of it as a factor on their future projects and socio-professional integration. Nonetheless, the pre-migration experience does not appear as having an influence on their social integration but could be useful in the case of resumption of academic studies.
Almeida, Amakoe d'. "Le référentiel dans la littérature pour enfants en Afrique noire francophone 1990-2000." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040021.
Full textOur research can be divided into three parts whose common purpose is to define the weight of liteature for children as a whole, and especially of african child literature. The opening part called "Analytical approach to literature for children "sets out to show the beginnings of that particular litérature, through a diachronic analysis. Such a literature has its roots rased in oral sources (folhlore), identification criteria with the problems thus raised regarding literature and finally the present dimension of this literature in back french-speaking Africa. The second part has been devoted to the theme of the referential which had led us to demonstrate the philosophy which lies under the writing of these texts. Thus in the third part we have been induced to state that, along with the different aspects of the referential, books actually open out on to the blackafricanworld. Those are real spaces of initiation the African young reader will enter so as to get a better understanding of the world around him and in order to achieve his integration
Sy, Mamadou samba. "El hadj Mahmoudou Bâ, (1908-1978), créateur des écoles Al-Falah, modernisateur de l’enseignement en Afrique de l’ouest et centrale." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080137.
Full textElhadj Mamadou Bâ, illiterate shepherd too the age of sixteen, breaks with the shepherd trade in favor of Koranic school where after four years of study, he memorized the entire Quran. Thirsty of knowledge, he went with a Moorish marabout with whom in four years of study, he obtained his master's degree in Quran and expatriated in Saudi Arabia for further studies that will complete six years later by a diploma, the highest in Islamic science. Scholar imbued with progressive ideas, he decided in 1940 to return to Africa to withdraw his people of ignorance. On the field, he met with major obstacles, since the colon and the magician marabout, feeling threatened by his reform, allied to bar his way, in vain. Convinced that only knowledge liberates, Mahmoudou Bâ created his modern school in Djeol, his hometown in 1941 and did the same in all French West Africa (AOF). In 1962, he became responsible for teaching Arabic in Mauritania; he could control his national and international schools that have contributed to the influence of universal civilization, the decline of ignorance and cultural opening up of West and Central, Africa
Burgos-Soto, Juan. "Santé de la femme, santé maternelle et infection par le VIH en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0242/document.
Full textHIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa is a major public health threat particularly for girls and women ofreproductive age. The research presented in this thesis was conducted particularly in West Africa andthe specific objectives are i) to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence according to HIVserological status; ii) to estimate the incidence rate of pregnancy following ART initiation; iii) todetermine the effect of pregnancy after ART initiation on the risk of death, HIV-disease progressionand loss to follow-up. Firstly, in Togo, According to our findings, the prevalence rates of lifetimephysical and sexual violence (IPV) among HIV-infected women were significantly higher thanamong uninfected women (63.1 vs. 39.3%, p=0.01 and 69.7 vs. 35.3%, p=0.01, respectively).Secondly, Among HIV-infected West African women, the crude incidence of first pregnancy afterART initiation was 2.9 per 100 women-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7 to 3.0] and it could beas high as 4.7 per 100 women-years (95% CI: 4.3 to 5.1) among women aged 25-29 years old. Finally,pregnancy after ART initiation appeared to reduce the risk of death or HIV-disease progression(Adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] =0.61; 95%CI: 0.40-0.92) and the risk of becoming LTFU at M48(aHR=0.74; 95%CI: 0.60-0.92) among West African HIV-infected women. Intimate partner violence ishighly prevalent among HIV-infected women and it may have negative repercussions on their healthstatus. Pregnancy is a common event after ART initiation and it might have repercussions on thehealth status of HIV-infected women. The design of safe motherhood programs addressed to HIVinfectedwomen and its integration within HIV care services must are a public health priority in sub-Saharan Africa
Nazé, Fabienne Aline. "Le point de vue des femmes issues de l'immigration récente et d'origine africaine sur les facteurs explicatifs, les types et les conséquences de la violence conjugale en Afrique noire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29078/29078.pdf.
Full textKadio, Kadio Eric. "Education, justice sociale et développement en Afrique de l'Ouest : une analyse multidimensionnelle de l'articulation des référentiels internationaux aux stratégies nationales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0537.
Full textFrom 1980 to 2000, the education quality in sub-Saharan Africa decreased gradually under multiple influence. Already characterized by a low level of internal efficiency, schooling and learning outcomes, themselves dotted with regional disparities, gender and unequal access, the transformations of the education sector will be accentuated by the rise in school-age population. To deal with this situation, Governments adopt a curriculum reform at the beginning of 2000 through the Skills-Based Approach.Attached to social justice issues and learning quality, the Skills-Based Approach’ implementation has not always been conducive to rigorous evaluation in the economic literature. Due this situation, our thesis tempts to analyze its transfer and impact by comparing the Ivorian and Senegalese experiences. To achieve this goal, our work has been based on mix methods. In doing so, chapters 1 and 2 successively identify each system particularities and then the curriculum determinants and main objectives. Consecutively, chapter 3 analyzes its transfer, articulation and effectiveness in each educational system, whereas Chapter 4 assesses its impact on internal efficiency and learning quality by a multilevel model.By comparing the results from each methods, we observe that the Skills-based Approach does not explain internal efficiency improvement, which is rather the consequence of inter-cycle transition rules revision. Concerning learning quality, the econometric analysis corroborates the transfer assessment, and suggests a new approach to educational product quality: it insists to pay particular attention to the way in which educational policy is conceived and disseminated
Nyingone, Léa. "Interlangue et radicalisation du discours féminin francophone d’Afrique septentrionale et d’Afrique subsaharienne : cas : Assia Djebar, Aminata Sow Fall, Calicthe Beyala et Nedjma." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0393.
Full textThe present study aims at analyzing the female speech in the texts of Assia Dejbar, Calixthe Beyala, Aminata Sow Fall and Nedjma. The title of the research accounts for two major concepts: interlanguage and radicalization. We base our reflection on three main bets, the first one, defines the interlanguage and questions the existence or not of objectives common to its use by women novelists. The second part, analyzes through new theoretical and critical approaches on language, novels Nowhere in my father's house, Naked woman, black woman, The strike of the battu and the almond. The third part deals with the notion of radicalization by emphasizing the language of the body, reflected in the whole of writing. The reading of the literary texts allowed to divide them into two categories. On the one hand, there are novels that lash and fight by means of a modest and reserved language, and, on the other hand, those who denounce and affirm themselves, through an extremely transgressive and violent language
Hotte, Rozenn. "Mariage et bien-être de l'épouse en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH001.
Full textIn West Africa, marriage is a major social institution. In Senegal, for example, in 2006, nearly 90% of women over 25 years of age were once married. It represents also a major disruption the daily life, especially for the bride, who in most cases leaves the household in which she grew up. Another important feature of marriage in West Africa is that it involves a large set of actors: not only the couple but also their parents and extended family. The ceremony is also characterized by important financial exchanges, between different people: the bride's, groom's and neighbours' families. These stylized facts can be examined in terms of their relationship to women's well-being within their households. The objective of this thesis is to add to the study of the subject.In the first chapter, we consider whether parents have incentives to marry their children to a member of the kin group in order to better insure against adverse idiosyncratic income shocks.Exploiting original panel data from a household survey collected in Senegal in 2006/2007 and 2011/2012, we find that daughters' within-kin-group marriage helps their parents' household to better smooth food consumption when a parent has fallen ill.This better smoothing is notably driven by the fact that households having married a daughter within the kin group receive relatively more transfers. Our results indicate that parents' demand for insurance can explain part of their demand for marrying within the kin group their daughter. They extend the literature on inter-linkages between marriage decisions and demand for insurance. The second chapter examines the impact of an education policy on women's well-being in Benin. Taking advantage of a sharp increase in school constructions in the 1990s in this country, we assess the causal impact of a primary education program on primary school attendance, age at marriage and tolerance of intimate partner violence. Using a double difference method, along with a regression kink design, we find that the program increased the probability to attend primary school in rural areas. The policy also decreased the probability to find wife beating tolerable. We show that, in this context, the benefits of girls' education have percolated down to women's well-being beyond the initial goal of the policy. In the third chapter, we investigate the relationship between the bride price and the well-being of the wife in her household. We take into account, the simultaneous existence of other marriage payments, flowing in different directions between the stakeholder, that is largely ignored. To assess the impacts of these marital transferson the women's well-being in Senegal, we use a unique survey that enquires separately about the different marriage payments. We highlight the strength of the link between what is given to the bride herself and her welfare, contrary to the looseness of the link with what is given to the family