Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éducation des filles – France – 18e siècle'
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Daniellou, Emmanuelle. "Les Enseignantes en Bretagne aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles : religion, éducation et société." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20019.
Full textAlthough women were rarely taught to read and write in Brittany under the Old Regime, the education of girls was not totally ignored, it was even an importat factor of the Catholic Reform. The development of monasteries in the 17th century particularly helped educational establishmets. The Ursulin nuns who settled in the province were quickly perceived as being the ideal religious teacher because of their special vocation, educating the poor in classes during the day, and even boarding young girls. In fact a large majority of religious congregations and orders usually offered free education and boarding for the very poor. During the Age of enlightenment and parallel to this strong religious model, gradually emerged a movemet of lay women teachers for the young. And also several no-cloistered congregations were started in the 18th century thus promoting education in the rural areas. Teaching under the Old Regime appeared generally like apostolic work more than just giving access to the skills of reading, writing and arithmetic. Moreover it seems that education, far from being an elitist school system, offered a wide variety of schools open to young people from every class of society. Under the Old Regime, the popular opinion about educating girls was very certainly a major obstacle in systematically reaching all the girls to give them an education and to teach them to read and write : the structures existed but the mentality kept the teachers from attaining their objectives. Actually education for girls was limited to the time allotted for religious instruction which proved much too short to acquire even a minimum of reading and writing skills
Picco, Dominique. "Les Demoiselles de Saint-Cyr (1686-1793)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010566.
Full textIt was on madame de Maintenon's advice that king Louis XIV established the maison royale de Saint-Louis in 1686. Located at Saint-Cyr, close to the palace of Versailles, the institution catered for the education of daughters from impoverished noble families. This study aims at writing a part of the history of the pupils of the school from its inception in 1686 to its closing down in 1793. Historians have been hitherto more interested in studying the links between the institution and its founders, or in the courses that were taught, and the 3,000-odd pupils who were boarded there attracted litlle attention, excepted from some 19th- or 20th-century genealogists. Virtually everything remained to be done. Manuscript as well as printed sources kept in the bibliotheque nationale were first used to study the rules edicted by the king about who was to be admitted, how these rules were effectively implemented, and more particularly the selection process and its criteria. Applicants had to be of noble descent and a dossier, called preuves de noblesse, was to be presented to support their claim. The personal details for all the pupils (3,152 names) have been computerized in order to study the geographical origins of the demoiselles. We tried to determine which strata of the 17th- and 18th-century nobility they belonged to, and if the wishes expressed by Louis XIV, that these young girls were to belong to the ancient and military brand of the nobility, with low incomes, had been respected. This work shows what the impact of this institution was and how it varied from one strata of the nobility to another. It will put in broad daylight all these hitherto forgotten young girls, who were each raised and educated there for ahout 10 years, along the lines that were stated by Mme de Maintenon and remained untouched until 1793 - an education they subsequently passed on to their descendants well into the first quarter of the 19th century
Gilles, Florent. "Soumission, révolte, sexualité : l'éducation des jeunes filles de Mme de Lafayette à Sade." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML006/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with how to define the literary report of the nubile young girl breaking into the world and its link to the historical, social and cultural reality in the end of the 17th century and 18th century. How the fictional model of the young girl and the reality interfere in each other? With the help of " gender studies", we will take interest in literature as an active participant of the cultural construction of genres , and in this era as the birth of a kind of feminism. The young girls missing or deliberately incomplete education , appears as a foundation course to the future enslaved condition of woman of this era, to the role given to the feminin gender by society. The word education is to be understood in a larger way: intellectual education, moral education but also sentimental and sexual education. From this perspective, our corpus joins together three types of works, really different works, in order to have an overview on this phenomenon: moral and major works, loose and minor works, and works of female yet successful writers from the 18th century
Vales, Le Guennec Géraldine. "L'enseignement secondaire des jeunes filles à Paris de 1880 à 1938." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H036.
Full textThe thesis emphasizes two main issues. It is devoted, first, to the specific funding model of secondary education for girls in Paris, and its impact on the nature of the schools themselves. From the application of the Camille Sée law of 21st december 1880 in Paris, oppositions grew between the radical and the autonomist republicans in the Paris City Council and the opportunist republicans of the french government, as to the means of controlling the new institution , and the first five lycées for girls in Paris (Fénelon, Racine, Molière, Lamartine et Victor Hugo) created between 1883 and 1895 were funded soleley by the state. Second, from 1905, a period of mutations began for secondary education for girls, following which studies were reoriented for the preparation of the french baccalaureate. The analysis concentrates on Paris as a sample city in order to examine the issues raisedby the former evolution and explains the reasons leading to the 1924 reform, which assimilated secondary education for boys and girls. From the exemple of the capital city of France, the thesis also discusses the conditions of application of the Léon Bérard reform in parisian lycées for girls, together with the results of the assimilation and the new situation of secondary education for girls
Miech, Stéphanie. "L'éducation des filles chez les romancières au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21009.
Full textThe ardent reflections of the Age of Enlightenment writers leads them to an awareness of the decline in the moral standards of their contemporary society and thence to an inquiring look at the educational system. They are particularly concerned with the education of girls, the future mothers who would be bringing up and educating the men of the new generation. On the fringe of the debate, women authors are also grappling with a problem they are especially concerned about and they realize that the novel is a tremendously effective means of expressing their criticisms, theories and ideals dashed hopes, unfulfilled dreams and grievances towards men and society whose treatment of women is so unfair. Their reflections on education, on the role and place of women in society, are vigorously supported by such philosophers and theorists as Saint François de Sales, Fénelon, Mme de Maintenon, Mme de Lambert and, later on, by Rousseau and other philosophers who find food for thought during the enriching discussions that take place in the salons the Age of Enlightenment women writers so competently hold. The heroines of their tales, short stories and novels are nurtured on the principles of the classical ideal but, little by little, to these embodiments of Christian virtues tinged with stoicism, they introduce weakness that make them more human. Throughout the century and beyond many will be renowned for their herosim and determination : they are active and energetic, fight successfully against adversity and courageously take their lives in hand. Towards the end of the century, women authors are pondering over the ethics of duty and demand a more humane moral doctrine in society. Marriage is a choice theme that enables them to expose their vision of love and serves as a framework for their criticisms of a society in which young girls are considered as objects and women as second-rate citizens without rights or belongings in adversity. However, the novelists' feminism remains ambiguous and timid. The authors are subjected to the rules of etiquette and public opinion that is imbued with Christian morality and will later be disappointed by the Revolution and its promises to their sex ; they dream of more social equality, calm relationships between man and wife and of respect for themselves. Their feminism, their defence against male misconduct, rely on feminine solidarity which is the distinctive hallmark of the fictional literature of the Age of Enlightenment
Roux, Jacqueline. "Le lycée Lamartine : 1891-1996 : histoire d'un lycée parisien de jeunes filles." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010612.
Full textA history of our national education viewed from down below, carried out from the institution's own archives. How are accepted the instructions issued by the ministry of education and the educational district when delivered at the lycee: Camille See act, Berard reform, charge exemption from scholarly costs, Capelle reform? What is the part of autonomy, sometimes of ignoring instructions? Four periods in this monograph of a century-old lycee of the 9th district: - the time of young ladies, 1891-1914, that of the diploma, of passionate feminism and social work (workroom and holiday camps). Enrolment- for a fee -is from children of the district middle-class - jewish, protestant and militant agnostic families - but, contrary to instructions, "eagles" are induced to enter the university, while "goslings" study part-time and, with their mothers, spend the afternoon on social life. - The time of graduates - 1914-1954- with enrolment from the suburdan middle-class. In the thirties the lycee turns out around a hundred graduates every year. An entrance examination to the lower form makes registration dependent on merit, not only on social status. The second war is a black period, owing to to the large number of jewish girls: deportations, "yellow star", hidden children, exclusion of teachers. - the time of effervescence and dissent - may '68, guiot affair, the "files", movement against the debre act, etc. . . - creates a hotbed of protest and intense creativity, resulting in a fracture among the adults, teaching staff and parents. - The time of ebbing of perischolar pedagogic activities and political activism after 1980, despite ups and downs : the opening to boys remains incomplete, the college (lower forms) becomes socially more elitist than the lycee, suburban enrolment disappears. The lycee is seeking for a new breath
Puga, Alice. "Naissance et vie d'une congrégation religieuse entre 1800 et 1953 : le Saint Nom de Jésus." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040099.
Full textThe Congregation of the Holy Name of Jesus, object of this study, was born in 1800 in Toulouse. Its existence over the years provides a page of the history of French CAtholicism, through this community of teaching Sisters meeting the diverse governements between 1800 and 1950. In addition, the story of the Holy Name of Jesus provides a page of the history of the instruction of girls in the 19Th and 20th centuries : living through years from 1900 to 1905, the evolution of french society and of the Church, obliged the sisters to reconsider their teaching, which, until that time, was a softened form of the teaching given to the boys. For the Holy Name of Jesus, affilated to the Dominican Order in 1888, it was a question not only of pursuing the taste entrusted to it by the Church, but also of finding its place in a Society which was more and more hostile to religious orders. This study, then, hopes first to be an illustration of what a congregation is between 1800 and 1950, from both the outside - How do the Sisters live? How are they greeted?- and the inside - How do the Sisters see theirs life? What motives incline their enter in couvent? What are theirs goals?- Second, that work leads to a question : why were some congregations victorious in passing through the upsets of the two last centuries why so many others did not survive them? Through the history of the Holy name of Jesus we have endeavored to provide a response : beyong secondary exterior factors, the perenity of a religieous institute first depends on the spirit which animates its members
Heitz-Muller, Anne-Marie. ""Je ne suis qu'une pauvre femme. . . Comme disent certains" : les effets de la Réformation sur la vie et la vocation spirituelle des Strasbourgeoises du XVIe siècle (1521-1549)." Strasbourg 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20057.
Full textHistorians agree that Reformation brought deep modifications to the life of women in the XVIth century, but they are divided on the nature and the signification of these changes. Our research, which has focused on many texts of the XVIth century – treaties, notices, letters, biblical commentaries, sermons – and in particular on those written by the leaders of the evangelical movement in Strasbourg, leads us to think that the influence of Reformation was beneficial for the everyday life as well as for the spiritual vocation of women in Strasbourg: these women were able to take advantage of the ideas of Reformation and at the same time to use evangelical arguments to define leading roles for themselves
Loussouarn, Sophie. "La transmission du savoir aux jeunes filles en Angleterre au dix-huitième siècle." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040267.
Full textThe age of enlightenment has highly contributed to the development of girls' education which had been previously neglected. English moralists were very critical of the emphasis placed on accomplishments and tended to stress the importance of academic knowledge instead. Educationalists did not advocate the same education for boys and girls. They built up their syllabus in view of the future awaiting the girls. Nevertheless, education reflected the privilege of birth and the wealth of a family at a time when education was left to the appreciation of parents and relatives. The family remained the best place for the nurture of young girls belonging to the aristocracy, who were overseen by a governess sometimes assisted by tutors. More and more schoolbooks were produced to create a written basis for education. Henceforth a network of schools developed in England giving rise to debate on the most appropriate place for the acquisition of knowledge. Boarding schools and day schools provided for the academic education of the wealthiest young ladies, while charity-schools were being opened by philanthropists, in order to enable poor girls and orphans to acquire the basics, then skills, before apprenticeship. Conduct-books were the mirror of the traditional image of woman. Furthermore, the theories of education drafted innovative teaching methods and yet, the gap between theory and practise, the clash between novelty and tradition, the conflict between progress and archaism were very much in evidence. The eighteenth-century is nonetheless a milestone in girls' education in England
Constant, Paule. "L'éducation des jeunes filles de l'aristocratie (du seizième au dix-neuvième siècle)." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040302.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the education of young girls within a class of society which extolled them as the very paragons of their sex. The analysis of the principles of this education and its material organization, as well as of the intellectual and ethical moulding of the "damsel" and her training at social life draws from a variety of sources - such as written works or documents which are specific expressions of women and the feminine world (letters, conversations, memories, memoirs, records, newspapers): texts inspired by religion or the church (convent rules, statutes and constitutions, converses, counsels and advice); works aiming more especially at some form of education (plays, tales, novels, gazettes, charades). . . In short the whole study tends to demonstrate how the permanence of a grand design purporting to bring up and train the "damsel" in such ways as to eventually establish and maintain her as a model or mythical mirror of the ideal feminity was insured throughout a long period of French history running from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries
Michel-Evrard, Isabelle. "L' image dans le livre d'éducation en France (1762-1789) : instruire et plaire." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010635.
Full textLepez, Brigitte. "L'enfant dans l'utopie en France de 1675 à1789." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030008.
Full textThis thesis studies the status of the child in the 17-18th centuries french utopian literature. This is the " golden age of utopia ", when schemes and systems about education were plentiful and when the value of the child was being discovered. In a society which was undergoing deep changes, utopian cities and educational schemes participated of the same hope of a happiness that can he reached thanks to education. The child gives its structure to the utopian world. This ontological function induces the utopist to define the priorities of the system. Product of a natalistic strategy and of a certain amount of eugenic will, the utopian child is above all what is at stake behind the genuine educational strategy founded on the inducement to obedience. It is a totalitarian indoctrination in the sense that it is the child as a whole who is concerned. The child, whose usefulness is officially declared, is loved and respected but he must learn to integrate the system and fully transport it because on him depends the perpetuity of the ideal happiness. The child is the very soul of the utopian cities
Buttier, Jean-Charles. "Les catéchismes politiques français (1789-1914)." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010513.
Full textElachmit, Jamal. "Littérature d'enfance et de jeunesse et philosophie des Lumières : Arnaud Berquin, 1747-1791." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30032.
Full textIn the beginning of the eighteenth century in France, the child and the adult had both the same literature (fairy tale, fable. . . ). The childhood wasn't thought as a specific age which had particular needs. In the second half of the century, the childhood became, in the middle-class and in a part of the aristocracy, a particular stage needing a specific literature. The adolescence, compressed for a long time, moved equally and was admitted as a different stage from the child and from adult. A category of authors set up in order to write for this new public. Arnaud Berquin (1747-1791) was one of them. He created the press for the children and the adolescents by publishing “L'Ami des enfants” (The children’s friend) and “L'Ami de l'adolescence” (The adolescence's friend) from 1782-1784. We tried to determine their literary sources and finally to analyze their literary styles. By another way, we have studied the theme and the idea of the family in the two periodicals. Through these different fields of investigation, our care has been to analyze how Berquin has adapted the philosophical ideas of enlightenment to children, to adolescents and to parents
Sayssac, Marlène. "La révolte romantique contre le père : (dans le romantisme les fils tuent les pères et se cherchent des frères tandis que les filles se rêvent un avenir)." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070119.
Full textThe revolt of the son and the daughter with the Pater familias in 18th century in France ("les Lumières") and in Germa ("Aufklarung") is talking up the appearance of the adolescence and the individuality (Rouseau, Kant) between the You the fraternity and the We of an generation. Is intersecting the stringgle with the dimension in a historical moment and t Oedipe. Psychological organisation 's feature human. The research throught the feature figures of the history (prit artist) or the figures of the litterature (theatre, novel) who is doing underline the pit falls of this ambivalence and t split. Of the cross identification, the depression or deathe wish face to face the ravage powerfull's father who is t symbolic porter of phallus. The moment of the Revolution who is the triumph of the individuality is asking "Totem Tabou" and is pointing to that the death of the father-king is comming out a bloody and the fratricidal baffle and t sexual hatred taking fright to archaic mother whose Marie—Antoinette is the symbol. Oedipe is made distinction accordi the sex, and the revoit of daughter with is watch over her education conte up against a afraid to lose the affection
Cadilhon, François. "L'Enseignement secondaire à Bordeaux et dans le Sud-Ouest aquitain de la fin de l'Ancien Régime au début de la IIIe République." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040301.
Full textIn spite of the general background and the political hazards illustrated by the original and short-lived experience of the central schools of the Revolution, the study of education in Aquitaine at the end of the Ancien Regime up to the 3rd republic reveals the ever-present problems that such education implies : the difficult organization and financial running of the schools, the monastic everyday life of teachers and pupils. The Falloux act broke with the past. By putting an end to university monopoly, it triggered off the radicalization of educational squabbles to a backcloth of politico-religious conflict in the relations between state and private schools. The act came during an economic mutation that was just as much educational as social and to which the elite of Aquitaine had difficulty adapting. Whereas the region had a high rate of school attendance up to 1824, it had lost its economic and educational vitality at the dawn of the industrial revolution
Pezeu, Geneviève. "Coéducation, coenseignement, mixité : filles et garçons dans l'enseignement secondaire en France (1916-1976)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1292&f=12457.
Full textMixed-sex education in France's public secondary schools begins with the presence of girls in boys' institutions in the early 1920s. The practice of mixing sexes in schools developed over the 20th century, and was imposed belatedly in 1976 with the decrees of application of the Haby reform. Before this law, this ''pedagogical revolution'' was applied silently through administrative circulars authorising what was termed coeducation in collèges and lycées for boys. An historical perspective on the evolution of ''coeducation'' requires the examination of the intersection of discourses and practices to unveil the challenges of mixing sexes and the evolving representations related to it. Based on the methods of social and gender history, this dissertation offers new light on the democratisation of secondary education in the 20th century. Through the application of diverse scales of analysis, the dissertation demonstrates how students and families, specialists of education and managers in public administration perceived and experienced the putting into practice of this new way of organising schooling. The mapping of coeducational establishments functioning in the metropolitan space from the 1930s to the mid-1950s offers insights into the location of these schools at a time when the separating of the sexes is still the norm. Adopting a chronological approach, the first section of the research reveals how the experience of coeducation began during the period between the two world wars. Through the analysis of discourses of the period, the second section examines the different perspectives and points of views expressed on the topic of coeducation and the resistance it encountered in different layers of society. Finally, the third section analyzes how the organisation of mixed-sex education evolved from the end of World War II until the mid-1970s. It shows that until the Haby reform, mixed-sex education was used pragmatically, as a tool to address the schooage population's growth. The history of mixed-sex education in public secondary schools is not only the history of girls' education; it is also the history of the socially determined relationship between the two sexes. It is the history of students, boys and girls, instructed in the same places, with the same educational programmes, which beyond the ''shared base'' of primary education, opened opportunities in secondary education as well as in higher education
Py, Gilbert. "Rousseau et les éducateurs : essai sur la fortune des idées pédagogiques de Jean-Jacques Rousseau en France et en Europe au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040088.
Full textCherrad, Sonia. "La littérature éducative au miroir des Lumières : étude du discours pédagogique féminin de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle (1756-1801)." Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN20010.
Full textThe objective of this study is to look at feminine pedagogical literature during the Age of Enlightenment in a new way. Up to now, it has been considered as childish, feminine and pedagogical literature on the whole. Moreover, it has never been the subject of a comprehensive study. Using a corpus of fictitious and reflexive texts by female authors of the second half of the 18th century, well-known or not so well-known and completed by several texts from the same period, we have found that this literature participated fully during the 18th century in questioning education theories and practices. As well, fictional texts offer a reflection about society, politics and economy and establish models for what could be desirable governments. These authors had the ambitious project of offering a new approach to the public about the ways to regenerate society through improved education on one hand and through forms of virtuous governements on the other. Finally, beyond the diversity in forms and the religious, philosophical and political convictions of the authors, we have found that there are converging pedagogical, social and political ideas among these Age of Enlightenment female writers
Jandeaux, Jeanne-Marie. "L'État et la police des familles au XVIIIe siècle et sous la Révolution : la détention par forme de correction familiale en Franche-Comté (1715-1796)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0141.
Full textIn Old Regime France, the right of parental correction, attribute of the paternal authority, enables heads of the family to demand that one of his/her parents be incarcerated. For the sake of the maintenance of law and order in the kingdom and the family, the detention by way of parental correction develops in the french society during the 18th century, while passing gradually under the control of the State. The justice retenue of the King, embodied by the lettre de cachet, is put at the disposal of the father whose authority is disputed by inclinations of independence which emerge in the household. Other powers intervene to punish the individuals with deviant behaviour : the municipal authority assists the families in Besancon where the mayor lieutenant-general of police exerts a true family jurisdiction ; the Parliament and the courts assume the control of the detention by way of parental correction, prone to many abuses. Imprisoned in Franche-Comte and in all the kingdom, the correctionnaires pay the full price of the family breakdown. In 1789, the Revolution which preaches individual freedom, is not less concerned with the fate of the parents in distress : the tribunaux de famille are created after the abolition of the lettres de cachet and the right of correction and imprisonment of the children by their father remains. Like Monarchy, the Revolutionary State is invested in the regulation of the family problems and remains attached to the safeguarding of the paternal authority
Delieuvin, Marie-Claude. "Marc-Antoine Jullien, de Paris : 1775-1848 : théoriser et organiser l'éducation." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H053.
Full textMarceau, Marion. "L'univers romanesque des soeurs Lee." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040113.
Full textMelançon, François. "Discours du savoir en Nouvelle-France : la perception de l'instruction chez les prêtres du Séminaire de Québec (1663-1760)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29295.
Full textGoisis, Orsola. "Diderot e l'Encyclopédie : antropologia, educazione, politica." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0078/document.
Full textMy research examines the relationship between Diderot's early philosophical works and the Encyclopédie, specifically investigating the link between its anthropological and political dimensions. In other words, in my research I look at the connection between a materialist epistemology, which features a new conception of the 'human being” as a physically and physiologically determined entity, and the socio-political transformations suggested by the Encyclopédie. These transformations involve a series of intersecting relations of both theoretical-cognitive (renvois) and material nature (e.g. the shift from “organ” to “organization”, the fight to guilds, the division of labor, and the concept of solidarity).The interpretative contribution of this thesis lies in the identification of an educational project, which ties both anthropological and political aspects, and which is concerned with the materialistic education of the Third State. Quoting the Theses on Feuerbach, this educational project seems to show the necessity for educators to be enlightened too.According to this new interpretation, the Encyclopédie can no longer be considered a mere intellectual effort, and can finally become a true "revolutionary practice", a "Pensée en action". In this way, the Encyclopédie symbolizes the culmination of those organic cycles preceding every revolution (Venturi 1939), as well as a reference for those men who need take part in the "Progress" (in the mechanical sense) after the "revolution". As a result, the Encyclopédie develops into a praxis against the system, whose beating heart is represented by its relational and dialectical dimensions, which are able to generate new foundations for social life and new ways to think of politics
Gargam, Adeline. "Les femmes savantes et cultivées dans la littérature française des Lumières ou la conquête d'une légitimité (1690-1804)." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES1004.
Full textWith above 530 feminine figures listed in the field of literary and scientific culture, erudite women represent in the Age of Enlightenment an important phenomenon with a quantitative scope. Their number is representative of an evident avidity to improve one’s mind. To think, to create and try out, even to assert their intellectuality; this assertion’s being concretised in a privileged way thanks to writing. Their social and numeric importance also finds its reflect in literature, which is often the distorting mirror of this fact of society. Novels, poems, short stories, tales and theatre plays present them sometimes in a flattering way, sometimes ridiculing them. Indeed, this intellectual conquest of women is not carried out without disrupting mentalities, particularly the masculine’s ones, which traduce much as reserve and rejection as enthusiasm and admiration. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze this multiple phenomenon, at a time historical, social and literary, through a corpus of 600 texts embracing philosophical and medical, political and juridical, moral and religious, educational and formalistic, fictional and poetic views. Erudite women have performed a play certainly distinguished at this time, but sometimes in the shade. We have to bring it to light to understand better the 18th century. So this dissertation fits in the time of an action against the amnesia in relation to a multitude unsuspected and beyond suspicion of women who have worked in the progress of learning and the literary and scientific culture’s one. On the one hand it intends to rehabilitate scholarly and knowledgeable women in their social and intellectual existence and their difficulty in living so. On the other side it intends to underline their role in the learning. It wants to show haw these scholarly and knowledgeable women have been able to reach such a status, to grow on the sanctuary of learning, and to see what has been the welcome they received in the Republic of Letters and Sciences. Finally, it has the ambition of studying the perception we had, in the 18th century, in relation to these women who write and invent, in both literary and scientific fields. At this purpose, it examines the different images of these characters conveyed by literature; it tries to define and explain the analogies and differences in representations, this with regard to the literary, historical, social and ideological contexts of the time
Chollet, Mathilde. "Une ambition féminine au siècle des Lumières : éducation et culture au château : les journaux de Mme de Marans (1719-1784)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA3011/document.
Full textMme de Marans (1719-1784) was born in a noble but new family and lives amongst the Bas-Vendômois gentry.She starts writing as a child and keeps private writings her whole life. Three of her diaries, or commonplace books, werepreserved. Form and content of these private writings reveal their author's character, her great culture, the reasons whyshe started writing and her writing practice. Those main sources, Mme de Marans' correspondence and notary sourceshelp reconstituting her education, and the ways her inquiring mind can access knowledge. Mme de Marans takesadvantage of her social network and of the book industry (she even publishes her thoughts in the anonymous Penséeserrantes) to fulfill her ambition of always learning more. Mme de Marans is interested in introspection, ethics, theology,history, science, ancient and modern literature. Topical issues such as nobility's place in society, nature of royal powerand women's rights concern her as well. Mme de Marans shares similarities with other women writers from France orEurope of the Enlightment, but she experiences the same restrictions as her contemporaries in her access toknowledge. Her case is an example of what can be appropriation of ideas in the countryside, and contributes to thereassessment of women's education and culture amongst the 18th century gentry
Boulerie, Florence. "L'élaboration de l'idée d'éducation nationale, 1748-1789." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030035.
Full textThe expression éducation nationale is an invention of the second part of the eighteenth century. La Chalotais was the first to use it in 1763, but he came after Montesquieu and Rousseau who prooved the value of education as a political concept. Till 1789, the meaning of the expression grows richer in political, anthropological and pedagogical debates taking the various forms of plans, treatises or fictions. We have pointed up four periods, from 1748 to 1789, during which writers are oscillating between abstract forms and genres closer to reality. The works where the idea of national education is growing want sometimes to deepen the idea, examining it in theory, and sometimes to have an immediate influence upon reality. Authors often choose the form of the plan (of public education) because they hope that their instructions should be followed by the political power. At the same time as the idea of national education is being elaborated, the activity of citizenship is coming out. Each writer has a new conscience of his function in public life of the whole group. But, under the monarchy, the efforts to organize education by plans have no success, even if the idea has a great one: each writer seems to be alone, even if each tries to unify the nation by the mean of education, which creates the fusion between what is public and what is private
Demeilliez, Marie. "« Un plaisir sage et réglé ». Musiques et danses sur la scène des collèges parisiens (1640-1762)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040163.
Full textDuring the 17th and 18th centuries, there were regular performances given by Parisian Colleges, the ten belonging to Paris University, and the one held by the Jesuits (College de Clermont, later College Louis-le-Grand), with variable pomp and success, in which music and dance took a significant role. This thesis studies musical practices and dances as part of these performances. A complete catalog of the performances and the preserved sources along with a reconstruction of musical fragments gives an image of the artistic life in these pedagogical institutions in particular and in the Parisian theatrical context of the period. The specific conditions for these performances, the numerous publications (programmes, commentaries, manuscripts, posters, etc.), the actors and their professional environment have been studied. The ballet, with its continuity and prestige, is the subject of the 2nd part of this work. Since the mid-17th century, it holds an important and polemic position within the theatrical performance. The particularities of the college ballet and its century-long evolution are analyzed. The Parisian College Scene appears as a place of multiple assimilations, with actors, chorographic and musical practices from various origins and styles
Caron, Mélinda. "Conversation intime et pédagogie dans Les conversations d'Émilie de Louise d'Épinay." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17848.
Full textDans Les Conversations d'Émilie (1782), Louise d'Épinay, femme de lettres des Lumières liée au milieu encyclopédique, propose un modèle d'éducation féminine s'incarnant dans une série de vingt dialogues inspirés des conversations pédagogiques qu'elle a partagées avec sa petite fille Émilie. S'appropriant, dans cette œuvre testamentaire, la structure de la conversation philosophique pour l'éducation d'une fillette et ancrant cette structure dans un cadre intime, elle offre une solution de compromis permettant aux femmes un accès à une formation morale et intellectuelle alliant bonheur et utilité sociale. L'intimité devient le terrain d'élection d'une pensée qui cherche son dépassement dans la transmission générationnelle de son modèle pédagogique et son prolongement dans un espace d'amitié et d'intellectualité féminines. Porteur, en point de mire, d'une réforme des possibilités sociales pour les femmes, le modèle de Louise d'Épinay, grâce à sa forme dialogique, s'inscrit pleinement dans ce que l'on pourrait appeler les "Lumières au féminin"
Amann, Flora. "Sourds et muets entre savoir et fiction au tournant des Lumières." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24630.
Full textAt the intersection of the history of linguistic ideas and the history of representations, this thesis studies scholarly and fictional discourses on deafness between the final years of the Ancien Régime and the beginning of the Restoration (1776-1815). This period covers the years where the Abbé de L'Épée and the Abbé Sicard carried out their work. It matches the period of changes in the course of the history of the deaf people in France and how they were considered. The emergence of a specialist discourse on deafness, the setting up of institutions dedicated to the collective education of deaf people and the development of sign language and their literacy, mark the beginning of the integration of deaf people into society. Educators and philosophers are not the only ones to talk about deafness; the deaf people and their education also entrhal novelists and authors of short fiction. The sentimental novel seized the silent character and its sign language, sometimes separating him from deafness. Without doubt, the novelists have been interested much more by muteness than deafness, because the former enabled them to question the social function of speech. In their works, the novelists use contrast to reveal the malfunction of speech caused by the Revolution. The aim of this thesis is twofold. First, we put speech on deafness back in the scholarly context of the times and explain how it helps us understand the linguistic, anthropological and philosophical changes of this period. Secondly, through the history of the representations, we show how knowledge and fiction meet in the process of metaphorization of the idea of deafness of the end of the eighteenth century.
Simien, Côme. "Des maîtres d’école aux instituteurs : une histoire de communautés rurales, de République et d’éducation, entre Lumières et Révolution (années 1760-1802)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL029.
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Lohrey, Ivana. "Praeceptor germaniae : Marie Leprince de Beaumont outre Rhin." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0346.
Full textMarie Leprince de Beaumont, a novelist, journalist and pedagogue, was one of the most well-known 18th-century writers in France and Europe. The large number of translations of her work up until the end of the 19th century, particularly of her “Magasins,”, attests to the extent of her contribution to the circulation of ideas. However, the name of Marie Leprince de Beaumont [circa 1711-1780], a prolific writer in her time, has largely been forgotten. At times, people still associate her with the fairy tale “Beauty and the Beast,” but even here the connection is rarely made. During her lifetime this author and educator was known for a much wider body of work, especially for her educational writings. These were aimed at people of different ages and professions and thus constituted a very novel type of writing. The numerous editions of these texts and their dissemination in France and throughout Europe testify to their popularity and the author’s high profile. Yet, the image of the author oscillated between that “bigot catholic” and “pious and industrious lady,” depending on her reader’s sociocultural background and character. Voltaire for example noted sharply: “There is a Madame de Beaumont-Leprince who makes some kind of catechism for young ladies,” meanwhile Johann Wolfgang von Goethe recommended her works to his younger sister Cornelia. Whereas the Spanish Inquisition banned some of her work for being too progressive, they were generally well-received in German-speaking countries, even though their translations had to be partially adapted for Protestant or Catholic audiences. Despite these adversarial reviews, there is a lot of evidence of her proactive and innovative stance, especially with regard to the equality of women for knowledge acquisition. This thesis analyses these contradictory images and the reception of Marie Leprince de Beaumont in German-speaking countries to show her pedagogical influence and the educational use of her oeuvre. It also discusses the reasons for her oblivion in 19th century as well as the adaptation strategies of publishers to keep her works alive. This research therefore shows that this French author has deserves her place in the literary pantheon
Melcher, Christina. ""Honorez-moi souvent de vos lettres ; servez-moi de guide dans le chemin de la vertu." : les fictions épistolaires de Marie Leprince de Beaumont." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0199.
Full textIn 18th century Europe, the epistolary novel was very popular. In France, a great number of authors used this literary genre to spread, across supposedly real letters, the philosophical, and often critical ideas on society (of the time) between a growing readership.At that time, a significant number of authors, whose works were very appreciated by the public, were (was?) female. Among them were for example Françoise de Graffigny with the Peruvian Letters or Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni with serveral epistolary novels like Fanny Butler’s Letters or Julie Catesby’s Letters.From the 19th century, these authors often disappeared from the cultural memory and have been neglected by literary research for a long time. Amongst them we can find Marie Leprince de Beaumont, a catholic governess, who was, in the 19th century primarily known for her educational works for children, young girls and poor people. However, she has published a surprisingly divers œuvre : it consists of fairy tales for children, the Nouveau Magasin français, one of the first monthly journals edited by a woman, a considerable correspondence and several epistolary novels.The work of this female author who, even though she was catholic and believing, tried to pass on in her books new perspectives on the possibilities women had to live a vertous and simple life in a society that was shaped by male predominance, is only recently in the center of enhanced literary research. This thesis wants to analyse an interpret this tension between a profound christianism and the desire to improve womens acces to knowledge and education in the fictions of Marie Leprince de Beaumont who « had a predilection for the epistolary genre ». We will first range the works in their literary and historical context and place then the idea of „narrated education“ in the center of our research: how does Marie Leprince de Beaumont employ the epistolary genre to communicate philosophical ideas and behavioral patterns to her readers ?This thesis wants to show that in the 18th century it was possible to reconcile christianism with the desire to help developping the society by facilitating women’s acces to education ; that believing in God didn’t obligatorily mean that one rejected new ideas and that Marie Leprince de Beaumont and her epistolary fictions deserve their place among the authors of the Enlightenment
Salvi, Greta. "Cultura teatrale e scenari urbani nella Milano del Triennio Cisalpino (1796-1799) : Tra impianti tradizionali e influenze francesi." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100099.
Full textIn the Triennium 1796-1799 took place the short life of the Cisalpine Republic, one of the political units founded by Napoleon Bonaparte during the Italian Campaign.This work studies the theatrical culture and the performing aspects which characterized the Cisalpine Republic and particularly its capital, Milan, in that historical juncture. The thesis asserted here is about the use of performing practices as an instrument of popular education and spreading of the principles of the 1789 Revolution. This aim was pursued by both French authorities and Italian pro-Revolution patriots.This work tackles three main points: the architectural and urban changes which affected Milan during the Triennio (Triennium), the theory and practice of theatre, the public celebrations. The cultural relations between Italy and France have been investigated with special attention. This study is based on some documents kept in archives and libraries of Milan and Paris, such as printed editions of theatrical plays, records of celebrations, correspondence and periodicals from the age of the Cisalpine Republic
Mailhot, Bastien. "Les enfants de chœur des maîtrises du centre de la France : les institutions capitulaires d’éducation et leurs élèves aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF20017/document.
Full textIn modern France of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, cathedrals and collegiate chapters maintain, for the most part and since medieval times, a choirboy school (maîtrises capitulaires). Parallel structure to the classic’s educational institutions and plays an important role in the liturgy and music of these churches, the maîtrise welcome a variable number of childrens who, after a course of seven to ten years in which they received a general education and a solid musical training, are oriented toward the priesthood, the musical career, or help in learning a trade. This study takes a broad framework for geographical center of France involving eight former dioceses in order to obtain the largest view possible of these original institutions and of these social group full of immense historical interest as the intersection of a multitude of both economic and social, cultural, liturgical and musical issues
Malcor, Fabrice. "L'ascension du Cardinal de Fleury (1653-1726)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040012.
Full textThe ascent of the cardinal of Fleury describes the mechanisms which have driven the heir of an "average" family of financiers in Languedoc to become Louis XV’s Prime Minister in 1726. It is necessary to underline at first the whole rise of a linage which plunges its roots into the merchandise in the Lodévois for at least the XVIth century. The transition to the finance is made with the cardinal’s grandfather and continues with his father Jean and especially his uncle Pierre-Moses, trésorier de France at the bureau des finances of Montpellier. The latter favors the rise in Paris of the young André-Hercule who embraces from then the ecclesiastical career. The causes of the ascent are individual and are based on the set of the clienteles, with at first the cardinal of Bonsy, then the cardinal of Noailles who obtains from reluctant Louis XIV the bishop's siege of Fréjus ( in 1698 ) for his protégé. The continuation is more a matter of contingency but cannot be extracted from the religious context and, even there, the system of the clienteles. The designation as the private tutor of the future Louis XV, a few days before the death of the Great King, allows Fleury to make his comeback to the Court. The indisputable skill of Fleury allows him to take advantage of the politico-religious evolution led by the Regent who, after an initial phase of proximity with the opponents of the Unigenitus bull, soon gets loose from them. Fleury embodies a moderate support but firm. His closeness with the small king makes of him a major actor. The death of Dubois and of Philippe of Orléans leaves him alone in front of the duke of Bourbon (1723). Three years only will be enough for M. de Fréjus to eliminate the official Prime Minister