Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éducation – Droit'
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Monteiro, Agostinho dos Reis. "UnNouveau droit à l'éducation : du droit d'éducation à l'éducation de droit." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081917.
Full textMbandji, Mbéna Étienne. "Les droits fondamentaux de l'enfant en droit camerounais." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10005/document.
Full textLegal instruments of protection of fundamental rights of the child are constantly reinforced in the international order, with almost regular membership of Cameroon. This reception of international rules is done in contrast to the state of the texts applicable law, characterized by both legal pluralism and judicial. The observation of the implementation of the rules on the primacy of the best interests of the child, the protection of his existence, dignity, education, the enjoyment of the principles of equality and the proper administration of justice, shows the immensity of transformations to undergo by internal legal mechanisms to bring standards. There is an urgent need to examine the issue of the effectiveness of the rights of the child. Therefore, the fundamental rights of the child have a relative achievement in law because their regular affirmation was not followed by a significant adaptation of legal protection provided by the private law. The system of child protection in civil matters has remained static with all its contradictions while in criminal cases, it has been partially revised but remains inadequate. Such a demonstration inspires the need for redevelopment national law and policies on child protection so that, the device conforms to the legal philosophy of hierarchically superior norms. To achieve this, reorganization should lead to the revision of the substantial and jurisdictional mechanisms. Consideration of fundamental rights in domestic legislation is relevant. Family institutions, judicial and prison, should therefore, incorporate the rights of the child as a completely separate component in the category of litigants
Charpenet, Émilie. "Le droit à l'éducation des filles : approche de droit international et européen." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0277.
Full textAfter very long decades of without interest and insignificance, the right to education of girls gradually became a domain of preferences of the intergovernmental organizations and penetrated after the Second World War the international, european and national programs. To such a point that in this XXIth century, the right to education of girls is a central problem of the whole world and a promising solution to get to the economic and social development of the States. The looks are turn towards education’s actors of girls, who, in spite of made efforts, have difficulty in assuring the effectiveness. A necessary revival of the policies and the actions in favour of the right to education of girls then is felt for several years, without real solutions are again found.Indeed, during the last twenty years, the effectiveness of the right to education of girls progressed, but the situation remains worrying with 132 million not schooled girls and 516 million illiterate women in the world. The passing towards the universal access to the education is started but numerous countries will not be capable of reaching in 2030 the objectives fixed within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is the real hiatus which must be highlighted : the disparities persist between girls and boys in the access to a quality education and it in spite of a proliferation of the international, european and national legal consecrations of the right to education.The review is then without is then irrevocable : the fight of States, but especially intergovernmental organizations, led in favour of the right to education of girls cannot limit itself to the elaboration of international, european and national law, insufficient to them only to protect the respect from it, the protection and the effectiveness, but also requires a long work at the national and local level, favoring actions of ground, so that girls can go to the school, equally with boys, and keep up a non-discriminatory and quality education, with the same chances of success. It thus seems necessary to proceed to a rebalancing between the multiplication of the legal recognitions of the right to education, the elaboration of ambitious and progressive international and european policies and their translation in actual changes at the local level.To do it, it is essential to highlight and to understand the obstacles hindering the right to education of girls and complicating the actual application of the international and european conventions, that they are legal, economic, social or cultural. The objective is then to create appropriate reforms to every locality and to favor a local approach to the right to education rather than an essentially international approach. With this need for closeness of decision-making, it is essential to develop the technique of the putting to scale. Indeed, to combine the local innovations, better to eradicate the causes of exclusion from girls of the education, with the technique of the putting to scale allows to provide an increasing development of the educational practices made a success for the right to education of girls
Lucy, Éric. "La notion de "danger" dans l'action éducative en milieu ouvert : contribution à une étude des relations entre éducation et justice." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR20854.
Full textIn the center of social intervention procedures, the juridical notion of "danger" gives the state the possibility of intervention in the family. It opens onto a vast and heterogeneous set of rules, laws, knowledge, practices, standards and customs allowing the integration of educational action in the judicial register. The research subject is built around representations of childhood in danger in the writings of professionals (educational and danger reports, reasons for judgment decisions). The field is the productions of writings and the theoretical background is structured from the definition of speech acts for which an utterance would be “How to do things with words”(Austin 1962). According to the requirement of successful communication,textual productions imply an intersubjective "understanding" (Habermas 1981). It is not to be understood as a simple institutional consensualism but as a consequence of illocutionary acts. In conclusion, we observe that these are also the necessary principles of the laws of language that build the relationship between social work and juvenile justice
Gilles, Eric. "Scolarisation des élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers : du compromis entre intégration et inclusion scolaire à l'émergence d'un nouveau modèle éducatif." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL585.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to reveal the breakdown in a process which should have led, from the principle of educability of children, to the inclusion of all pupils with a special educational needs. From the beginnings of our era until today, handicapped pupils, pupils with learning difficulties, but also pupils newly arrived in France and children from travelling families, have certainly seen their conditions of access to education, improve considerably. But, instead of adopting once and for all an inclusive approach, the authorities have set up new conditions of access to schooling for some of these children and teenagers. For the handicapped pupils the law has thus merged ordinary schooling and special education. This research shows how, on the basis of a compromise between integration and inclusion, new concepts have been imported into the educational institution, in particular since the February 2005 law on handicaps. This leads to the emergence of a new three-level educational model, represented by special schooling. A perspective on our education system in its handling of pupils with special educational needs, within the European integration policies, shows how far the adoption of this new model of integration contributes to the French educational exception. Finally, this thesis constitutes a thesaurus of the official texts accompanying this evolution, from the great Ferry laws on education, to the legal and lawful provisions, founded on a double tension : on the one hand, the universal right to education for all the children and, on the other hand, the resistance of certain lobbies of specialists and French society itself, to their inclusion in schools
Émond, Louis, and Louis Émond. "Études des liens entre droit et pédagogie en regard des aspects juridiques de l'évaluation scolaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37663.
Full textLa thèse porte sur les aspects juridiques de l’évaluation scolaire et a deux objectifs : permettre aux sciences de l’éducation de développer une conception non problématique de l’évaluation et fournir une qualification juridique de l’évaluation scolaire qui tienne compte de son évolution au cours du dernier siècle. Le chapitre 1 présente un cadre d’étude du domaine droit et pédagogie afin de situer la thèse par rapport aux autres approches de recherche en droit. Le chapitre 2 présente quant à lui l'évolution du concept de jugement en droit et en pédagogie afin d'en faire ressortir les similarités et ainsi vérifier la version minimale de l'hypothèse : la démarche du juge et celle de l'enseignant qui évalue mobilisent les mêmes compétences et s'appuient sur des savoirs assez similaires pour qu'une approche inspirée du droit puisse être utilisée pour régler un problème pédagogique. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, afin de vérifier la version maximale de l’hypothèse, c’est-à-dire que l'évaluation scolaire est un pouvoir de l'Administration et qu’elle doit respecter les normes qui guident l'exercice d'un pouvoir discrétionnaire, telles que définies par le droit administratif, il faudra d’abord la qualifier juridiquement. Le chapitre 3 permettra de démontrer la nature d’acte administratif de l’évaluation scolaire et de clarifier l’intensité de l’obligation d’équité procédurale qu’elle doit satisfaire. Le chapitre 4 propose des principes pour guider une pratique de l’évaluation raisonnable.
Kabeya, Symphorien. "Le droit à l'éducation en république démocratique du Congo." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR1006.
Full textKawakami, Yoko. "Histoire du droit international pour l'éducation au développement durable." Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10011.
Full textThe last 25 years of the 20th century knew an exceptional trend to Development and Wealth, the poorest want to reach the same level than the richest. Aside, a new collection sorrow is developing as the global environment is getting wrong. Despite of its disturbing aspect, the Green Movement is however progressing. It is finding a kind of official place materializing a specific synthesis around the concept of sustainable development. The Brundtland Report officially declares the new references. The new principles are largely contested by economical like political actor, what makes necessary a global policy of education. This mission is given to the UNESCO. The dissertation analyzes the beginning of the project and the difficulties the UNESCO has to face. The author is presenting a critical and based on a strong argumentation report and she asks the good questions for a close future
Rachedi, Guermia. "Satuts juridiques des établissements scolaires en Algérie." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0887.
Full textJupiter, Dominique. "Le droit à la ressemblance. . . : l'interculturel entre le particulier et l'universel." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20076.
Full textTo examine all possibilities that a truly intercultural education would represent today is all the more necessary. It is a well-known fact that cultural conflicts are due mostly to missed cultural encounters in which feelings dialogue of domination, exploitation, scorn and mistrust. . . Hinder any mutual understanding dialogue and implementation of common civilizational projects. Intercultural education must not only be an-on-the-spur of the moment reflection about the differences that induce each other's cultural values, it must be a "state of mind" or a "natural atmosphere" that would allow a discovery of each culture values but would make sure that every subject bridges the gap. It's in this way that intercultural reflection "begins with oneself". A "desacralization" of one's own representations is indispensable if one is to recognize and integrate the other's values. Intercultural education has to essentially prepare the subject to think himself in relation with a pluralistic world where geographic frontiers have no more sense. Social and civilizational transformations that the 21st century is already experiencing, through information technology, urgently calls for a study that places an educational project at the crossroads of cultures, real ones or virtual ones. We are persuaded of the strength that education has of changing mentalities. Intercultural education - an education that reinforces learning how to live together, the meaning of right and wrong, the positive and the objective exploration of original tradition, progressively opening to a recognition and to respect of other cultures. . . - is a gamble on the future
Mpayimana, Paul. "Le droit à l'éducation et l'enfant réfugié en Afrique centrale : cas du Gabon." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS012S.
Full textEveryone has the right to education. In this context, the refugee child shall benefit alongside other children living in their countries. Unfortunately, our research shows that this right is far from being met. In Gabon, several factors combine to hinder the education of refugee children: the trauma of children, poverty and insecurity of the parents, school climate and the organization of the educational system which is adverse to learning and the lack of socio-cultural teachings. Solving these problems requires the involvement and collaboration of different actors. The school should provide opportunities to expand the content of socio-cultural education of origin countries, moralize the school environment and professionalize teaching. Refugees should receive assistance at social, psychological and economic levels, so that every child has access to school and learn in good conditions. Host populations should be prepared to manage the inevitable coexistence in peace with the refugees. Refugee children, meanwhile, need unconditionally a psychotherapeutic assistance in order to digest the situation they are into and continue to learn. These few thoughts force UNHCR to strengthen its capacities and States to meet their commitments
Martin, Laurence. "La stratégie de Lisbonne et l'économie de l'éducation : vers l'émergence d'un cadre juridique européen des services de l'éducation ?" Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4001.
Full textThe European Union, during the Lisbon European Council of March 23rd and 24th, 2000, adopted the strategic objective to become “the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world”, thus placing education from the point of view of economic growth, in particular, to take advantage from the international market of the services of education. A “Community standard” of the service of education has gradually emerged, thus altering the allocation of competences between the European Union and the Member States provided for in treaty EC on the matter. The European Union impels, indeed, within the framework of the Strategy of Lisbon, a harmonization of national laws relating to the organization of the education systems by the means of the open method of coordination. In a cumulative way, the Court of Justice of the European Communities extends the Community scope as regards education by adopting an extensive interpretation of the vocational training to the detriment of the concept of education; in addition, it recognizes the legal existence of the economic services of the education which it subjects to Community freedoms. This legal evolution questions on the possible emergence of an European education system, whose legal legitimacy would be economic, likely to modify the French law
Maniatis, Vassilios. "Union européenne, entreprises et éducation : gestion des compétences et " Education tout au long de la vie "." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21025.
Full textTenesso, Kenfack Armand-Roger. "L'administration de l'animation sociale au Cameroun : contribution à l'élaboration du droit de l'éducation extra-scolaire dans les Etats d'Afrique noire francophone : thèse présentée et soutenue en vue de l'obtention du doctorat de droit public le 22 décembre 1995." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0447.
Full textGranchet-Valentin, Agnès. "Médias et enseignement." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020024.
Full textPanayotopoulos, Nikos. "Epreuve penale et consecration sociale negative. Les etablissements d'education surveillee en grece." Strasbourg 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR20021.
Full textThe penal system is an authority of a negative establishment capable of causting magical breaks in the social continum defined by its essential aspects in the powers that contribute to the structuring of the social world
Razafimahatratra, Honoré. "L'éducation chrétienne des enfants à la Réunion : droits et devoirs des parents à la lumière du Code de droit canonique de 1983." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAK007.
Full textNo human being can do without education because it enables them to acquire and develop their physical, moral and intellectual aptitudes. The purpose of education is to help every human being become fully human; to enter into a relationship with his fellow human beings and to prepare him for his final end according to the doctrine of the Catholic Church. As part of education in general, the Christian education of children engenders rightsand duties for parents and for civil and religious authorities. Be it education in general or Christian education, parents are recognized as the first educators of their children since they gave birth to them. The civil end ecclesial authorities have the role to protect children’s rights to Christian education and to help parents in their mission. In the context of Réunion Island, which experienced a period of slavery, collided with these religious customs and traditions favoured by the interbreeding of the population. Hence the existence of “hybrid practices” or “double practice” making difficult, the Christian education. Despite this situation, the Christian faith took rootin Reunionese population. Our contribution wishes to recall the rights and duties of parents in Christian education, as well as those of the society and the ecclesial community. It is about protecting the best interest of children for the common good of the society and of the Church
Mengolo, Emmanuel. "L'œuvre catholique d'enseignement au Cameroun (1890-2014) : une progression dans l'exigence de qualité. Approche en droit canonique et en droit camerounais." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS152/document.
Full textSince the year 1950 until the dawn of this 21rst century in Cameroon, discussions on Catholic Education generally focused on showing the Catholic Church at the crossroads. In other words, the attention had mainly been on a Church facing the challenge of choosing either to continue integrating the Catholic School within her evangelizing mission, or to hand over her schools to the State, due to the various commitments they entail, as well as the misunderstandings which their management brings about within educational communities. Yet, in the light of the Bishops' pastoral letter on Catholic Education in Cameroon (1989), followed by the John Paul II's Post-synodal apostolic Exhortation, Ecclesia in Africa (1995), and also, considering the various opportunities which the Framework-agreement between the Holy See and the Republic of Cameroon, in 2014 could generate, it is obvious that the Church has henceforth made the choice of pursuing her evangelizing mission through the catholic School. This study analyzes the challenges of the Church with regard to her renewed commitment in the field of education. In fact, the continuation of catholic education in Cameroon engages the Catholic Church to guarantee the specific caracter of her schools, by virtue of canon law, on the one hand, and to see to it that those schools comply with the standards laid down by the Cameroonian legislation, on the other hand. On the basis of this State legislation, measures are laid down toward private schools in order to sanction institutions falling below the standards required. Among those measures, there is the closure of private schools by public authorities. Certainly, these measures compel ecclesiastical authorities to guarantee the viability of catholic schools in view of providing the youths with quality education. yet, is the implementation of such measures not liable to challenge the canonical legitimacy of the Church as far as establishing and directing schools are concerned (can. 800 § 1, CIC 1983)? The history of Catholic Education in Cameroon, as well as the new challenges of the world today, invites the Church to re-think the catholic School. Considered as being at the core of the Church's evangelizing mission, the catholic School should strive to form by renewing itself. Concretly, Catholic schools are to be, more than ever before, "places of evangelization, well-rounded education, inculturation and initiation to dialogue of life among Young people of different religious and social backgrounds" (John Paul II, Ecclesia in Africa, n. 102). This, therefore, requires a re-definition of the areas of competence of ecclesiastical authorities in Catholic School matters, as well as proven professionalism in administrative, pedagogical, financial and pastoral affairs. Moreover, the same renewal should involve an effort in value the lay staff contribution through a co-responsible synergy within living educational communities. Finally, a quest for quality in education requires a reliable partnership between the Catholic Church and the Cameroonian State in the field of Education, and this, thanks to the bilateral advantages which the dispositions of the above mentioned Framework-agreement could bring about in the future
Hourtal, Jean-Armand. "La Volonté incarcérée : Contribution à une compréhension éducative des manifestations de l'acte volontaire dans la justice pénale." Lyon 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO20013.
Full textThe topic of this thesis is the will. This will is studied in its triple context of law, of crime and of education. These three phenomena are considered as being the plural expressions of a willpower in actuality. The main objective of the research aims at an understanding of the acted willpower expressions, applied to the proving ground of education in the prison environment. This understanding of "willpower" concept justifies, in the first place, the meticulous construction of a voluntary act model ; this model is subdivided throughout the work. The author has a long experience in penitentiary educational functions. He is the responsible of a socio-educational department, in charge of the integration and the probation of people gripped by the law. He shows that an expression of willpower often hides another one, the willpower being a protean reality. The researcher defines the educational difficulties in prison, in the perspective of a fundamental paradox opposing the various wills involved. He brings up the necessity to take the guilty's will into account, for the purposes of education and integration, while the law names this same will as the cause of crime. This thesis firmly fits into the discipline of education sciences, it feeds on lights from philosophy, from psychology and from law, it lights up as well with the facts of history, of sociology and of criminology
Cavaniol, Aude. "La prise en compte de l'intérêt de l'enfant en droit des étrangers." Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0050.
Full textThe interest of the child appeared in French law well before France ratified the "International Convention on the Rights of the Child" but one must admit that the Convention has contributed to strengthen this notion. Since 1990, the interest of the child, defined in article 3-1 of the Convention, has attracted renewed attention. It occupies henceforth a central place thanks to its legislative response and the recognition of its application in front of internal judge. Wether it is in concerto or in abstracto, the application of this standard can be problematic in any situation where there is a confrontation of interest. Under French immigration law, the interest it is confronted to is no other than the State interest. In a legal system which is increasingly similar to just a maintenance of law for foreigners, the interest of the child tends to be relegated to only law and order. The imperative of managing migratory flows is used mostly as a reason for minimizing the interest of the child. However, the cautious appreciation of this criterion does vary according to the existence or not of family links within the territory. In the first case, the interest of the child is mostly interpreted in the light of the right of the child to be protected by the family unit. In the second, it coincides with the implementation of State or departmental protection. In other words, the interest of the child will suppose that the family, the first protector of this interest, is protected when it exists within the territory. It is only when it is non-existent that the State will substitute itself to the family
Piedade, Chiconela Santana Madalena Da. "Éducation et décentralisation : le régime juridique du transfert des compétences de l’État aux collectivités territoriales dans le domaine de l’éducation." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/178860999#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textIn Mozambique the constitutional revision of 1996 led to the introduction of a decentralizing public administration policy. The country becomes a decentralized unitary state. Since 1997, laws and regulations adjusting the legal regime of the implementation of decentralization were adopted, including the local electoral process, the legal framework for the implementation of local authorities, the organization and functioning local authorities, the financial system and the supervision of the State local authorities. Decentralization is through the effective transfer of skills from the state to local governments, in several areas, particularly in the field of education. However, the decree allowing the transfer of powers was adopted only in 2006, and even today the implementation of this regulation remains deficient. This paper analyzes the legal framework for decentralization and transfer of competencies in the field of education in particular, to understand the issues related to the application of this legislation, recognize the obstacles and devise possible solutions. The study highlights the issue of the needs for effective decentralization through the transfer of powers from the state to local governments in order to complete the reform of public administration in the country, thus strengthening the democracy and good governance at the local level. However, beyond the material and financial conditions there is the need to include decentralization as one of the priorities of the government. This leads us to conclude that decentralization remains an unfinished process in Mozambique, because, in spite of few exceptions, the transfer of skills is not effective and the entire country is not decentralized
Ego, Audrey. "Les droit fondamentaux de l'auteur et l'environnement numérique : l'exemple de l'oeuvre pédégogique numérique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20021.
Full textThe thesis deals with "The fundamental rignts of the author in the digial age". If the author has a accrued legal protection, it's essential to offer to him a wide freedom of creation. The objective of the research is to study how fundamental rights capture the author in the context of our society, which is increasingly based on information, exchange and communication. This topic concerns in particular the application of the copyright's rules as part of creation, dissemination, valorization of digital teaching resources produded by the universities
Ayme-Gaussen, Françoise. "L'Autorité de l'Eglise dans l'enseignement catholique en France aujourd'hui : la tutelle, contrôle et/ou accompagnement ?" Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20053.
Full textCatholic schools are attached to the State by contract in the French educational system and represent 20 % of school children. Heads of school receive a letter of mission from the Church authorities which guarantees the bishop that every school has its own individual character. The authority of the Church concerning Catholic teaching is founded on ecclesiastical texts chosen by the Synods which are orientated by French bishops and other texts inspired by the congregations in Catholic teaching authorities which clarify the use of these texts. The emergence of tutelage in its present form is the history of French laicism and the introduction of laïques in the Catholic education. Before the separation of the Church and the State, the bishop was responsible for the tutelage. This responsability was delegated to the congregations engaged by the presbyterial ministry or by religious vows : the question of authority was naturally in conformity with the hierarchic relationship within the Church. As more laïques are involved, it has been necessary to introduce an organization which poses the question of authority in a different manner and its use. The principles of tutelage has been recently developed and its contents are in evolution. How can the authority of the Church which is confided to the clergy and to laïques be made to work effectively ? Is it a protective monitoring in the sense of the civil right ? Is it an administrative control or more an institutional support whose effects correspond to the expectations of the Church ? Seeking after a theological practice, it is necessary to ask the significance of the term “tutelage” and its possibility to translate the reality of its use and relevance today. A sociological exploration in the field will enable to verify the place which is occupied or not by the authority of the Church in the Catholic school. Inquiries and interviews of participants and beneficiaries of the tutelage throughout the corpus concerned would constitute the support of our hypothesis, in aiming at action-research. . .
Montlaur, Olivier. "La relation entre employabilité et responsabilisation des acteurs : le pari de la réforme de la formation professionnelle continue." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10061.
Full textOn the 7th of April 2004, the French national assembly adopted, with 339 votes “for” and 163 votes “against”, the government bill relating to training all the way through life. The renewal of a system over 30 years old had became essential with regard to the new economical pressures. Actually, the current technical and organizational mutations, the competition always increasing, have relegated the original idea of a permanent education to an old and inappropriate concept. The European authorities, promoting the idea of training all the way through life, have highlighted the new issues of training, which is, from now on, in the centre of employment policies. The member states, including France, have adapted this notion to the internal level, putting the emphasis on the protection of employability which is an economical urgency. Effectively, and even if apparently, the bill of the 4th of May 2004 is not a global reappraisal of the training law, an upheaval of the balance of the system is taking place. Actually, one of the great principles that underlay the original system, which is the opposition between training plans and individual rights of employees, is being swept in order to give way to the notion of co-responsibility in training. This last idea is more and more contractualized, devoting the idea of co-investment, which was in embryonic form for about 15 years. Similarly, logic in the training course is now necessary to protect employees from breaking-off in their careers. The aim is the protection of employability. But to reach it, it is necessary for actors to be more aware of this question, and to grab hold of means put at their disposal by the law. Because the real bet of the reform is to give a sense of responsibility to employees, employers and above everything, social partners whose role, reaffirmed, consist in adapting and ameliorating the system
Faraj, Amine. "L' obligation d'information dans le contrat médical : Approche de droit comparé franco-libanais." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10021.
Full textWery, Anne. "Bruits et silences savants, les politiques du Ministère de l'éducation au Nouveau-Brunswick, 1937-1943." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23740.pdf.
Full textSmentek, Colette. "Korczak, une vision spécifique de l’enfance : le rôle et la place de l’enfant dans la vie et l’œuvre de Korczak." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2054.
Full textThis thesis offers observation and analysis on the topic of education in Korczak’s work. Childhood is the recurring theme in the works of this renowned doctor, poet and writer. This analysis takes into account the theme of childhood throughout the diversity of the works of this doctor educator. Janusz Korczak is mainly known as the man who refused to abandon his Jewish orphans when they were taken to the death camps of Treblinka. Why this ultimate act ? A look into his life has been necessary in order to study the educator in his whole and to extract the essence of his thought. Understanding the man throughout key moments of his life and some of his irrevocable choices which lead him to think about the children’s condition. His works include children’s books, biographical books but also some more educational. Studying them leads us to understand fully the ideas Korzack had about childhood and the values he defended such as the right for respect. Finally, the aim is to analyse Korzack’s ideas in relation to the new education and to identify its characteristics. Throughout this thesis, the objective is to understand how the theme of childhood in its pedagogic, philosophic and biographic aspects has influenced the theoric and educational choices and commitment of Korczak
Gasse, Stéphanie. "L'éducation non formelle, quel avenir ? : regard sur le Mali." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL611.
Full textQuestioning the development of non formal education within the challenge of schooling for all along with the struggle against illiteracy, led us to focus our research on the characteristics of educational opportunities in Mali. By opting for a democratic school within a decentralized context, this country made a very clear choice, regarding the importance and role of communities in achieving a profound change and rebuilding its educational system, in an environment where the amount of basic educational communities exceeds the number of public structures. Non formal education, an autonomous institutional alternative, is addressed through a survey using two types of actors : education experts as technical and financial partners as well as educational NGOs as operational participants of decentralised cooperation in Mali. The results demonstrate the need to build a dynamic partnership taking into account both participants. Yet non formal education, a complementary and inseparable actor of educational systems, is struggling to prevail since it fails to be considered an equal partner to formal education. Although its lack of status marginalizes it, its innovative nature confers it greater flexibility so as to meet the needs of those whom the right to education does not reach. The gradual combination “formal/non formal education” appears therefore at the heart of a contemporary reflection which enriches the reflection on the school
Molina, Betancur Carlos Mario. "La réforme de la loi Falloux." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020054.
Full textBédard, Mélanie. "Les idéaux pédagogiques de l'instruction publique québécoise, de 1789 à 1875, et leur application législative." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26428.
Full textA critical discourse on the contemporary public school systems denounces the loss of transcendent teaching ideals, which would manifest itself in the weakening authority of the pedagogical tradition, and by gradually forgetting the emancipator and reflexive vocation of education. As a starting point for this thesis, three elements (public education, transcendent authority and teaching ideals) helped us understand the sense of the Québécois state education for its founders. Inspired by work of Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, we compare the original ideals of the Québécois state education with an ideal type of the modern teaching ideal, based on reflections from Rousseau, Condorcet and Hegel. This ideal supports both the valorization of an active human autonomy (in modern philosophy) and the trust in the benefits of human freedom (in western liberalism, questioning any abusive authority). The ideal of civilisation in constant evolution, however, maintains the authority of teaching’s tradition as an essential source of reflexivity, and thus for its role in acquiring wisdom. The analysis of the ideals expressed in school projects and laws from 1789 to 1875, and of the authority implementing them, highlighted the prevalence of a concern for the political society in development. This society was characterized by the awareness of multiple identity attachments and the distance with European metropolises. With each new law, the tolerance between Catholics and Protestants, and the acceptance of the linguistic differences between French-speaking and English-speaking people were maintained, leading to a tight separation between two cultural communities. In spite of this growing division, these laws enforced the ideal of the state education common to the French-speaking and English-speaking liberals by creating higher degree schools following elementary education, as a stepping-stone towards classical colleges. This ideal combined the utilitarian and universal intellectual vocations of public education. For the French Canadians, this was a mean of collective emancipation in the political society and towards the evolution of civilization. The teaching authority of the State remained quite limited until it was gradually granted to the religious authorities.
Ba, Youssouf. "Le droit à l'éducation en Mauritanie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD004.
Full textThe right of everyone to education is a fundamental human right indispensable for the exercise of other rights. It is enshrined in several international instruments of protection of human rights. Education occupies a prominent place in the international law of human rights and the international community will pay special attention as an essential condition for peace and development. The obligation of States is to ensure full and equal access to education and achieve the ideal of equality of educational opportunity for everyone. In Mauritania, the mismanagement of ethnolinguistic diversity, economic and social inequalities and persistence of slavery and slavery-like practices hinder the effective exercise of this law, which access shall be no discrimination on which it is prohibited grounds. The purpose of our work is to see the synthesis between the requirements of international law, the Mauritanian law based on Islamic Shari'a and the desire to build a mauritanian identity
Le, Rouzic Louis-Marie. "Le droit à l'instruction dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'Homme." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0259/document.
Full textThe Protection of the right to education has been the subject of endness debates troughout thepreparatory work on the European Convention of Human Rights. While the idea of a right to educationfor all was quite evident in the mind of the drafters of the European Convention of Human Rights, therespect for religious and philosophical convictions of parents, who come first in the education of theirchildren, has been more controversial. Theses doubts explain the inscription of this right in Article 2 ofthe Protocol to the Convention on 20 March 1952. Its importance mustn’t be overlooked. Described asa « matrix right », the right to education contributes to a concrete and effective guarantee of the rightsand freedoms protected by the European Convention of Human Rights. It ensures personal blossomingand the right to make up their own minds. Therefore, everybody can claim this right, whether it be apupil or a student, regardless of the institution (public or private school, primary school or furthereducation). Aware of this key issue to protect a democratic society, the European Court of HumanRights has interpreted article 2 of the Protocol in order to reach a fair balance between the nationalmargin of appreciation and the protection of the right to education. That’s the reason why the Courtrequires States to achieve some positive obligations especially to enable everyone to use existingeducation means. Through the guarantee to an equal access of everyone to education institutions, theEuropean Court of Human Rights also encourages national authorities to observe the distinctivefeatures of each individual. In order to do so, the authorities must remain neutral both in educationalinstitutions and their curriculum. No pupil or student must feel excluded or chastised because of hispersonal convictions. Then, securing the universal right to education implies securing the right to apluralistic education
Viennet, Carole. "Des droits sociaux pour l'intégration des réfugiés en Europe : les droits à la santé, au logement, à l’éducation et au travail des personnes ayant besoin d’une protection internationale, dans les Droits de l’homme et le Droit des réfugiés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA022/document.
Full textThe integration of refugees includes providing access to healthcare and housing, schooling, vocational training and entry into the labour market. In short, it is about guaranteeing their social rights. Examining these issues, this thesis paves the way for the protection of rights to health, housing, education and work of every category of person in need of international protection. The main human rights and refugee norms adopted under the respective frameworks of the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union are, for the very first time in this field, challenged, read in conjunction and put in to perspective in light of forthcoming reforms. The results are, in particular, a mapping of the various guarantees available according to one’s migration status and personal circumstances, the definitions of general determinative criteria which emerge from a comparison of respective systems, as well as innovative legal arguments
Duque, Ayala Corina. "La politique publique d’éducation en France et en Colombie." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40027/document.
Full textThe first part of this thesis is devoted to a synchronic comparison of the history and foundationsof the right to education, as well as the components of the right to education (availability, access, permanence,acceptability, adaptability and quality thereof) and how they have been translated into current nationallegislation. The categories of analysis used therefore have specifically made it possible to carry out a microcomparisonin this area, that is to say, a comparison of the stakeholders in the school system, their functions,powers, duties and guarantees.The second part of this thesis is devoted to an analysis of the nature and scope of the right to education in bothcountries, and how it has been enshrined by judicial, legal and constitutional means, and thanks tosupranational standards.The third part of this thesis is devoted to a comparison of the transformation, in the light of changes occurringin the global arena, of institutions and public policies in each country with respect to education. This hasmade it possible to understand the role of international organizations in creating new universal standards, andhow these standards have been incorporated into domestic legislation. Finally, an analysis of the evaluation ofschool systems based on neoliberal indicators has been undertaken, which has made it possible to compare theorganization and management of education systems of both countries.The findings resulting from the observation of both legal systems have led to highlight the common principlesand foundations that exist in the Western world and that have facilitated the flexible harmonization ofinternational public law on education
Girod, Marion Catherine. "Les politiques d'éducation à la citoyenneté européenne : étude comparée France - Angleterre." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR30017.
Full textThis thesis explores the educational dimension of EU citizenship policies through a comparative study of the french and the english education policies. It seeks to evaluates the capacity of EU citizenship to constitute a new "policy paradigm" for the civic education policies of the two countries. In a first part, the study focuses on the developments of civic education agendas at the European level. In a second part, its accounts for the potential linkages between the construction of an educational dimension for EU citizenship policies and the elaboration of the two education policies ; to this end, the analysis uses the results of a discursive inquiry undertaken in France and in the United Kingdom among the governmental and societal actors’ networks that intervene - or that seek to intervene - in the elaboration of civic education policies
Drouin, Marie-Eve. "Des valeurs et des enfants : processus de transmission du discours des droits humains dans un cadre ludique et sa réception." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27646/27646.pdf.
Full textFialaire, Jacques. "De la décentralisation du service public d'éducation nationale." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010258.
Full textGoisis, Orsola. "Diderot e l'Encyclopédie : antropologia, educazione, politica." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0078/document.
Full textMy research examines the relationship between Diderot's early philosophical works and the Encyclopédie, specifically investigating the link between its anthropological and political dimensions. In other words, in my research I look at the connection between a materialist epistemology, which features a new conception of the 'human being” as a physically and physiologically determined entity, and the socio-political transformations suggested by the Encyclopédie. These transformations involve a series of intersecting relations of both theoretical-cognitive (renvois) and material nature (e.g. the shift from “organ” to “organization”, the fight to guilds, the division of labor, and the concept of solidarity).The interpretative contribution of this thesis lies in the identification of an educational project, which ties both anthropological and political aspects, and which is concerned with the materialistic education of the Third State. Quoting the Theses on Feuerbach, this educational project seems to show the necessity for educators to be enlightened too.According to this new interpretation, the Encyclopédie can no longer be considered a mere intellectual effort, and can finally become a true "revolutionary practice", a "Pensée en action". In this way, the Encyclopédie symbolizes the culmination of those organic cycles preceding every revolution (Venturi 1939), as well as a reference for those men who need take part in the "Progress" (in the mechanical sense) after the "revolution". As a result, the Encyclopédie develops into a praxis against the system, whose beating heart is represented by its relational and dialectical dimensions, which are able to generate new foundations for social life and new ways to think of politics
Clairat, Olivier. "L’état des lieux de l’éducation face à ses enjeux en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Sénégal et de deux situations éducatives : l’école primaire du village de Diawar et l’association A.U.P.E.J., Actions Utiles Pour l’Enfance et la Jeunesse de la ville de Tivaouane." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROF012.
Full textAchieving the Education for All has been, for about fifteen years, one of the priorities of the international community and a major issue to improve the social and economic situation of all the people living on this planet. Yet, at least one hundred million children do not attend a primary school in 2005. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region on the globe where the children education rates are the lowest, the number of giving-up the most important and where the girls have the greatest difficulties in continuing their studies. Senegal is no exception in this picture altough it is not right at the bottom of the scale. Recent progress even show that it starts to distinguish itself in Africa. For many years already, the teachers, youth workers and inhabitants of a village and of the district of a medium-size town have decide to take their educational situation in hand so as to offer their children an education of good quality. Their results are quite surprising since they have managed, for the former, to send every child of the village to school and for the latter, to develo numerous alternatives to school exclusion. Their educational experiences are not limited to teaching skills as they have an impact on life in their village and district. So far geography has not been much interested in education that’s why this work is triyng to give a geographical point of view upon a major social aspect of a contemporary African society : the Senegalese society
Foulard, Camille. "Les congregations enseignantes françaises au Mexique (1840-1940) : politiques religieuses, politiques de laïcisation et enjeux internationaux." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010509.
Full textZoubir, Camélia. "Spécificité du traitement de la délinquance juvénile des mineurs en droit comparé : étude comparée entre le Maroc et la France." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0120/document.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to highlight the debate on juvenile delinquency as well as the French and Moroccan judicial system set up to counteract this delinquency.Indeed, delinquency pursued by the police and sanctioned by justice is characterized by criminal law. When the law changes, the field of delinquency experiences oscillations and, consequently, the recording of criminal behavior as well. However, the growth of delinquency, and particularly that of minors, is analyzed according to its legal environment. In this movement and although juvenile delinquency evolves in the same proportions and to the same degree as that of adults and although it is sanctioned more severely, it requires special attention precisely because it is minors.Therefore, the role of juvenile justice should not be limited to repression alone. The latter must give itself the means to understand them to be able to act on what motivated them and to prevent any recurrence. Its mission must also have an "educational" and "preventive" role.Sanction and education have thus become two inseparable dimensions in the treatment of juvenile delinquency. And it is in this perspective that the French and Moroccan legislator tries to build a policy of treatment of juvenile delinquency while respecting the fragile legal personality of the minor
Filippi, Jessica. "Droit pénal des mineurs et justice restaurative. Approche comparée franco-belge." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU2004.
Full textThis research focuses on the juvenile criminal law and restorative justice in a comparative approach between France and Belgium. Beyond revealing the similarities and differences of these countries in these fields, the research also carters to the difficulties encountered by France and Belgium in the acceptance of restorative justice in juvenile criminal law and its development in the judicial institutions. By studying the reasons that led France to miss the “turning” of restorative justice and those enabled, in Belgium enabled, the implementation of restorative justice in the criminal law for minors, anchor points have been identified for its development in the order of 2 February 1945. Subsequently, an experiment in youth justice service on the reparation measures was led considering difficulties which concern the service itself (actuarial logic, supervisory, financial, professional ideologies and fears). Our analysis of practices in the youth justice services on the reparation measures, reveals that the experimentation of restorative justice is limited by a managerial rationality treatment of juvenile criminal phenomenon. Also, some of the minor approaches and their implementation in the measure facilitate (psycho-criminological approach to acting out part and a psycho-socio-educational dimension in reparation) or inhibit (criminological approach to act itself and a retributive dimension in reparation) restorative justice programs. However, even if the practice facilitates experimentation and that educators apply “direct reparation”, ideological barriers remain in dealing with victims. However, it remains essential to underline that, thanks to the presentation of the principles and promises of restorative justice educators met, the identified pitfalls fall, mainly with the presence of the victim during the implementation of “direct reparation”. Such a development professional postures omen a harmonious integration of next restorative justice approaches in juvenile criminal law
Lombardo, Michèle. "Formation et pédagogie syndicales CGT & CFDT 1968-1985 : en relation au droit social, à l'évolution de la société, aux mutations du monde du travail." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010708.
Full textBalabala, Nembenze Désiré. "Encadrement juridique de l'éducation au Congo-Kinsaha (1885-1986) : de l'initiative des missionnaires à la prise en charge par l'État." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS306.
Full textIf schooling for all is taken for granted in most contemporary societies, it remains nevertheless the result of a slow process of development. Such was the case in the present Democratic Republic of Congo where it evolved over a century. During the colonial period – from the creation of the Congo as a state by the Berlin Conference of 1885 up to its independence proclaimed in 1960 – education, average length 2 years, was entrusted by the government above all to the Belgian Catholic Missions, with the utilitarian objective in mind of forming government employees and workers able to exploit the colony Generally speaking, this objective appears to underlie the Concordat of 1906, the School Regulations of 1924 and the School Reform of 1948. In spite of the impetus to reform given by the Belgian Social Liberal Party after World War II, colonial schools had great difficulty forming an elite in the local population. The consequence was bloody chaos during the first five years of independence. This is to be attributed to the lack of sufficient preparation given to the Congolese people for them to be able to assume political positions of great responsibility. As the model of society inherited from the colonial past became considered an alienation, Maréchal-President Mobutu nationalized the schools in December 1974 in opposition to the Catholic hierarchy. This caused a period of serious unrest finally settled by the signing of an agreement in 1977 granting the handing back of school systems to their former administrators. Then, on 22 September, 1986, an outline-law applying to the national school system was promulgated marked by the need for budgetary austerity brought about by President Mobutu’s disastrous economic politics, his zaïranisation
Le, Bouler Pavelic Santos Nathalie. "Aprender e ensinar com os Outros : a educação como meio de abertura e de defesa na aldeia Tupinambáde Serra do Padeiro (Bahia, Brasil)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0091.
Full textThe subject of this doctoral thesis is the process, and its subsequent consolidation as a project, of indigenous school education in the Tupinambá community of Serra do Padeiro (Terra Indígena Tupinambá de Olivença, Bahia-Brazil). The different phases and transitions of the Tupinambá trajectory of struggle are examined by the implementation of a differentiated educational system, which has required constant reorganization from the loss of the indigenous territory and the desire to provide a formal education to the new generations as a means of reversion, positive, of the contemporary situation. The thesis also seeks to highlight the violation of legal frameworks regarding indigenous peoples as an extremely important dimension for the understanding of this educational project. In this context, interethnic relations have a direct effect on the process in question. It emphasizes the particularity represented by the formal education project of the Serra do Padeiro community, as it is guided by the encantados - main entities of their worldview - who act as "educational agents" and, complementarily, by welcoming the Other, in this case, non-indigenous students. In addition to the Tupinambá discourses about the advantages of the Colégio Estadual Indígena Tupinambá de Serra do Padeiro (CEITSP) for the region, it is described, how day-to-day teaching is developed and understood as "doubly differentiated" - being indigenous and welcoming non-indigenous- and how the "traditional" and the “western” knowledge are chosen and systematized in this context. Finally, the thesis aims to show that the community of Serra do Padeiro transmits its teachings in the course of the struggle for their rights, configuring an educational model that could be expanded beyond its own borders, through adaptation to other contexts under new parameters of interethnic relations
Merino, Bénigno. "Education populaire et autodétermination politique des peuples indigènes en Equateur : analyse d'un processus d'institutionnalisation." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081749.
Full textKamocki, Pawel. "E-Universités : la construction d'un droit des communs du savoir." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB190.
Full textAn e-University is a university that uses information and communications technology (ICT) to fulfil its traditional tasks: production, preservation and dissemination of knowledge. Its activities consist of the collection and analysis of research data, the dissemination of scientific literature and the provision of digital educational resources. However, the intangible goods required for these activities are often protected by literary and artistic property rights, such as copyright and the sui generis database right. Therefore, e-Universities are obliged to seek the permission of rights-holders or to rely on statutory exceptions. Statutory exceptions for research and teaching do exist (cf. art. L. 122-5, 3°, e) of the Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) and s. 52a and 53 of the Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG)). They are, however, clearly insufficient to allow e-Universities to fulfil their tasks. Consequently, national legislators have recently adopted new exceptions specifically addressing the use of ICT in research and teaching (art. L. 122-5, 10° and art. L. 342-3, 5° of the CPI and the future art. 60a-60h UrhG). The European Commission has also proposed to reform EU law accordingly (art. 3 and 4 of the Proposal for a Digital Single Market Directive). In this context, it is desirable to discuss the introduction of an open (fair-use-type) norm in EU law. Despite the legal uncertainty that surrounds the question, e-Universities have not ceased to fulfil their tasks. On the contrary, efforts have been undertaken by the academic community to organise access and re-use of resources by means of private ordering. The concept of Open Science, inspired by traditional values of the ethos of science, have emerged to promote access to research data (Open Research Data), scientific literature (Open Access) and educational resources (Open Educational Resources). According to this approach, knowledge is perceived as a commons, the sustainability of which is guaranteed by standards accepted by the academic community. These standards are codified in public licenses, such as Creative Commons. In recent years not only universities, but also research funding agencies and even national legislators have actively engaged in the promotion of knowledge commons. This engagement is expressed through various Open Access mandates and the introduction of a new secondary publication right, first in German law (s. 38(4) UrhG), and more recently also in French law (art. L. 533-4, I of the Code de la recherche)
Eine E-Universität ist eine Universität, die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) einsetzt, um ihre traditionellen Aufgaben zu erfüllen: Die Erzeugung, die Erhaltung und die Verbreitung von Wissen. Ihre Tätigkeiten umfassen die Sammlung und die Analyse von Forschungsdaten, die Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Literatur und die Bereitstellung digitaler Bildungsressourcen. Allerdings unterliegen die dazu erforderlichen immateriellen Güter oftmals dem Schutz des geistigen Eigentums, beispielsweise dem Urheberrecht und dem sui-generis-Recht für Datenbanken. Deswegen sind E-Universitäten auf die Erlaubnis von Rechteinhabern oder gesetzliche Schrankenregelungen angewiesen. Es existieren bereits gesetzliche Schrankenregelungen für Forschung und Lehre (z.B. art. L. 122-5, 3°, e) Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) und §§ 52a, 53 Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG)). Allerdings sind sie unzureichend, um E-Universitäten ihre Aufgabenerfüllung zu ermöglichen. Deswegen entschieden die nationalen Gesetzgeber, neue Schrankenregelungen speziell für die Nutzung von IKT im Bereich der Forschung und Lehre einzuführen (art. L. 122-5, 10° und art. L. 342-3, 5° CPI und §§ 60a-60h UrhG). Auch die EU-Kommission schlug eine entsprechende Änderung des Unionsrechts vor (Art. 3 und 4 des Vorschlags für eine Richtlinie über das Urheberrecht im digitalen Binnenmarkt). In diesem Zusammenhang erscheint es erstrebenswert, die Einführung einer open Regelung nach dem fair-use-Prinzip in das europäische Recht zu diskutieren. Trotz der Rechtsunsicherheit in dieser Frage haben E-Universitäten niemals aufgehört, ihre Aufgaben zu erfüllen. Vielmehr hat die akademische Gemeinschaft enorme Anstrengungen unternommen, durch eigene Dispositionen den Zugang und die Nachnutzung von Ressourcen zu ermöglichen. Inspiriert durch die traditionellen Werte des Ethos der Wissenschaft, wurde das Open Science Konzept geschaffen, um den Zugang zu Forschungsdaten (Open Research Data), wissenschaftlicher Literatur (Open Access) und Bildungsressourcen (Open Educational Resources) zu fördern. Danach ist Wissen eine Allmende, seine Nachnutzbarkeit wird durch Standards, die von der akademischen Gemeinschaft akzeptiert werden, garantiert. Diese Standards sind in öffentlichen (public) Lizenzen, wie beispielsweise Creative Commons, kodifiziert. In den letzten Jahren haben sich nicht allein Universitäten, sonst auch Agenturen für Forschungsförderung und sogar nationale Gesetzgeber aktiv in der Förderung des öffentlichen Wissensschatzes engagiert. Dieses Engagement wurde deutlich im Rahmen vieler Open-Access-Mandaten und der Einführung eines neuen Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht, das zunächst Eingang in das deutsche (§ 38 Abs. 4 UrhG) und kürzlich auch in das französische Recht (art. L. 533-4, I Code de la recherche) fand
Louis, Abel Alexis. "Les Libres de couleur en Martinique des origines à 1815 : l'entre-deux d'un groupe social dans la tourmente coloniale." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0395/document.
Full textTo evoke the place of free coloureds in Martinic from the earliest times to 1815, it is evoked a curious paradox. In order to apprehend this last and to tackle free coloureds position in the society, it had to look into the process of development of this group from 1635 to the day before french revolution. The access of this process could not become without taking into consideration of the political controlled by the administration on emancipation. The utilization of parish registers (then registers of births, marriages and deaths) and deeds executed by a notary permitted confrontation between the theory (the colonial right) and the daily practical. It had to show how in spite of french revolution and these ideals, and this impact in Martinic, the segregation be continued against free coloureds group and confirmed space in between of this group in the society in spite of these numerical and economic growth (by way of emancipation principally), and those, as far as the beginning of the Restoration. The colonial political controlled by different administrations who followed one another and unrest who perturbed etablished order assisted the comprehension of this phenomenon. If free coloureds were assimilated since 1685 to natural subjects of french kingdom with the same rights, privileges and immunities, they did not exercise as whites some public responsabilities and offices, some liberal trades, some positions in militia (officers). Before the end of observation period (1815), some people were succeded to hoist themselves economically on a level with whites wholesalers. In spite of that, they were limited in a intermediate place between whites and slaves, a "buffer zone". Free coloureds who were as well as blacks than halfcastes have been rejected by whites that they would wish to equal and despised in general slaves even when they had common interests (a mother or a sister in slavery). As whites, they possessed slaves, estates and houses. However, their situation was so paradoxical in the colonial society
Gabin, Karine. "Traitement de l'hémophilie : implication du pharmacien hospitalier." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P104.
Full textBurgat, Florence. "De l'oubli à la réification : réflexion sur la différence entre l'homme et l'animal." Université de Lyon 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO31003.
Full textReflection on the difference between man and animal immediately refers to the dualism of body and soul. The metaphysical relegation of animals is reaffirmed both at legal and ethical levels : if animals have no rights one is free to dispose of them as wished, and this suffers no moral consideration. The validity of the criteria of distinction, based on "reason", must be questioned. The anthropological determination of current natural rights and the definition of animals as "movables" in the french "code civil", are clear examples. The controversies concerning natural rights and the eventual inclusion of animals through the hypothesis of the natural state and the principle of compassion, enlighten the debate. Furthermore, the resistance which is echoed in the refusal to think of the animal for itself, as well as epistemological problems concerning the conditions of its possible knowledge, considerably affects ethology. The definition of man as "an animal of reason" underlines the ambivalence of our identity and allows the discussion of the repression of our animal nature through social practices which demonstrate how the animal is contradictorially considered : from animals reared for butchery to domestic pets, all the forms of reification can be observed