Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éducation et développement économique – 20e siècle'
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Carpentier, Vincent. "Développement éducatif et performances économiques au Royaume-Uni : XIXe et XXe siècle." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10008.
Full textBouslimani, Azzedine. "Eléments pour une caractérisation économique du contenu qualitatif du développement. Une analyse à partir de la relation éducation-croissance en Algérie (1875-2000)." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10056.
Full textMurtin, Fabrice. "Les dynamiques de l'inégalité au vingtième siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0141.
Full textThe thesis shows that fiscality has maintained inequality in disposable income in the European Union at a constant level since 1980. It évaluâtes the endogeneity bias of the college premium in the United-States at 30% of the cross-sectional estimates after 1980. It proposes the first empirical assesment of unified growth theory, and reproduces the trajectories of growth, fertility, life expectancy and éducation in the United-States since 1860. Then it calculates global inequalities in years of schooling and human capital inequalities since 1870. Dynamics of incorne inequality within countries is examined in the light of Kuznets hypothesis. The latter is validated even after controling for educational level and human capital inequality, although éducation explains much more of the decrease in income inequality than the Kuznets eftect does
Rasoloarivony, Theis Lala Voahangimampionona. "Migration interne et éducation : transrégionalisme et développement. Cas de la commune rurale de Lohariandava dans la région Atsinanana à Madagascar." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF041.
Full textAs part of the implementation of the Jirama water and electricity company since 1978, several types of internal migration are practiced in the rural commune of Lohariandava in the Atsinanana region on the east coast of Madagascar. They have the transregional aspect of the fact that the migrants invest on two or more regions of the island’s hill to develop them. The results of the socio-anthropological surveys helped explain how transregionalism affects not only the economic life but also the educational life of the children of migrant and indigenous people in Lohariandava. The rurban characteristics of the study area participate in the implementation of all kids of development action. Each transmigrant is a development Actor. The non-consideration of the culture of each Actor can hamper the eradication of feelings of incomprehension and xenophobia. The multirational theory of Jean-Pierre Olivier De Sardan will make it possible to confront and consider the different logics of the presence of all Actors in the migratory zone and proposes solutions to achieve a single goal: the real development of the country
Huillery, Elise. "Histoire coloniale : développement et inégalités dans l'ancienne Afrique occidentale française." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0111.
Full textThis PhD dissertation uses first-hand historical data on colonial French West Africa. First, I focus on the costs and benefits of colonial experience for France and its former colonies. I review the existing literature and show that evidence on whether colonialism was a costly or beneficiary experience for France is not clear yet. Then I provide an answer on the direct cost of French West Africa for French public expenses: this cost turns out to be very small -on average 0. 1 % of all public expenses. Few public investments were made during colonial times and almost all of them were financed by local population itself. Using econometrics, the thesis then seeks to provide evidence on the long term impact of colonial experience on current performances. I show that early colonial public investments m education, health and public works had large and persistent effects on current outcomes, and that a major channel for the long term effect of early investments is a strong persistence of investments: regions that got more of a specific type of investment at the early colonial times continued to get more of this particular type of investment. Finally, I give evidence that Europeans tended to settle in more prosperous pre-colonial areas and that the European settlement had a strong positive impact on current outcomes. I argue that the African hostility towards colonial power to colonisation provides a random variation in European settlement. Despite, the absence of a "reversal of fortune" within former French West Africa, some of the most prosperous pre-colonial areas lost their advantage because of their hostility: other areas caught up and became the new leaders in the region
Dupraz, Yannick. "Le développement économique en Afrique dans le temps long de I'histoire." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0084.
Full textContending that the current economic situation of African countries south of the Sahara can partly be explained by their colonial past, this thesis studies Africa's economic development in the long run of history, notably through the comparison between French and British colonialism. The first chapter studies dynamically the functioning of colonial states in West Africa, using a new database on colonial public finances in 4 British and 9 French colonies. The second chapter analyses French and British colonial legacies in education, using the division of German Cameroon between the French and the British after World War I as a natural experiment to identify the effect of colonizer identity and its evolution throughout the 20th century. The third chapter ask what explains the decline of polygamy in West Africa in the 20th century, using the boom in public education expenditure in Cameroon in the 1950s to identify the effect of women's education on marriage market outcomes
Pochat, Juliette. "Le système éducatif anglais ou l'éducation faite marché : origines et développement d'une politique." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131009.
Full textThis PhD dissertation analyses the origins and the development of the recent educational policies implemented in England. Its ambition is to explain the causes and effects of the interference of the private sector in the public sector of education. Unlike the studies which adopt an essentially contemporary standpoint on the changes affecting the education system in England today, this work considers the evolution of the English educational ideology and trends since the Enlightenment. As a consequence, our first aim is to define the singularity and the specificity of the “English spirit” in order to understand the causal relations which may exist between politics and ideology. This approach allows us to shed a new light on the policies of the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. They are indeed the fruit of a subtle mix of old ideas on the one hand and, on the other hand, of an ideological revival in the light of the popular economic conceptions of the end of the 20th century. New vistas are thus opened up: the importance of ideology, but also of transfers and networks, in the definition and the implementation of policies, is revealed. This work thus takes a historical and transnational look at the educational changes which England has experienced for more than two decades, but it also is a study of the reforms and transfers in the light of the ruling ideology, an analysis of the education market and an assessment of the effects of the British policies on the whole educational community
Bourahla, Karima. "Rapport entre les organisations internationales des Nations-Unies et le développement : l'exemple algérien." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020112.
Full textDupas, Pascaline. "Informations, incitations et comportements de santé : trois essais en économie du développement." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0014.
Full textThis thesis uses evidence from four programs implemented in Kenya to identify types of informations and incentives that can increase preventive health behaviors. We find that teenagers are responsive to information on relative risks, thus providing information on the distribution of HIV prevalence disaggregated by gender and age group can have a much larger impact that simply providing teenagers with information on the average prevalence. We also find that reducing the cost of education generates effective incentives for teenagers to avoid teen pregnancy or marriage, and thus can have the triple benefit of increasing educational attainments, reducing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy. Last, we find that conditional in-kind subesidies (in the form of mosquito nets given to pregnant women enrolling for prenatal care) can be used effectively to overcome private inertia in the take-up of public health services, including HIV testing
Benzine, Mahmoud. "Agriculture et consommation alimentaire en Algérie : contribution à l'analyse des modèles mimétiques dans le développement." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL12003.
Full textAccording to a drastic report an the wretchedness in means and food that prevails in the third world, the analysis undertaken to illustrate the presente thesis attemps to study concrete situations in a developing country, namely algeria, in relation to the models of agricultural production and food consumption. The aim is to prove that the farming and consumption models brought into operation are characterized by a mimetic tendency (reproduction of western production productionnist models) without having any economique or social incentive justification in favour of their implementation. The slenderness of the results obtained from the implementation of the aforesaid models militate in favour of (choosing) new alternatives fitting the economic and social realities of algeria in order to minimise the constraints that prevent the country from attaining the double sided objective of meeting better food needs of the major port of the population and reduce the degree of subordination to the world market in terms of food necesities for mean and long terms
Boullet, Vanessa. "La planification en Irlande (1958-72). Méthodologies et mythologie de la modernisation économique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100109.
Full textThis thesis puts forward an economic, social and political study of the strategies adopted for the modernisation of the Irish economy between 1958 and 1972. The aim is to show that while planning contributed to the country's economic revival – thus paving the way for the “Celtic Tiger” – this success was less a clearly demonstrable result of the actual proposals or methods outlined in the programmes than it was the effect of the change in attitude which the “myth” of economic modernisation managed to breathe into the depressive Ireland of the period. In the 1950s, the Irish came to realise that de Valera’s nationalism was no longer suited to the situation. In 1958, Whitaker and Lemass drew up the Programme for Economic Expansion. This initiative fostered an environment in which private initiative and state management combined, so that development was catalysed by public capital, foreign investment and exports. Ireland in 1972 was barely recognisable. Although unemployment remained high, the problem of emigration had largely been resolved and production was rising rapidly. Planning had succeeded in steering the country’s fairly smooth transition from protectionism to free-trade without any major crisis. This in itself constitutes a success, to the extent that planning thus took on the status of a national myth. Nevertheless the successive economic plans are not the deus ex machina that some would like them to be. The PEE for instance, is often praised for having sparked off an economic upturn for which it may have played no role. Such a hypothesis qualifies – without however denying – our assessment of the actual success of Ireland's successive economic programmes
TANGUY, JAVET TANGUY ANNICK. "Repartition et croissance les annees 1945-1973." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010062.
Full textThis thesis deals with the relationships between economic growth and the functional and size distributiion of income. The first part is an analysis of the controversies (primarily empirical) brought about the kuznets curve which emphasize the growth -> size distribution relationship and the theoritical debats in the major systems of economic thought which deal essentially with the functional distributioin -> growth relationship. After this presentatioin of the paradigms. Their pertinence is studie by broadening the research to wages and to wealth, to poverty and to the standard of living, taking into consideration the developed countries and the less developed ones, in limiting the period to the years of great growth, 1945-1973, and in viewing successively the two causal relations, the first in the form of a contemporaneous causality and the second in that of a sequential causality. The second part treats the action of growth and its physical modes on the distribution between wages and profits, on the distribution of incomes, wages and capital, on poverty and on the standard of living. The third part deals finally with the possible effects of functional distribution, of size distribution, of poverty and the standard of living, on future economic growth. This part is dominated by the clash between new-classical and keynesian logics for or against the trade-off thesis
Kodok, Simon-Pierre. "L'Église et l'État face au développement socio-économique : cas du Sud-Cameroun." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30070.
Full textThe church is presented as a temporary organization in the area of social mobilization and definition. This doctoral thesis proposes to study the role of the christian church in the socio-economic development of rural areas using. The example of southern-cameroon. After reviewing the evolution of the agriculture system since the independance and analysing the economic crisis of the countrys. This thesis studies the politics and alternative solutions that the churches of southern-cameroon propose. All of this is studied using six projects which are presented and discuted. . . This study shows the difficulties of putting into place an action of development because of the obstacles that can come from either the churches or the community. But it also shows the positive aspects of the process of development which can take place in an under developped country. These examples are based on the evangelical traditions of conquering poverty and promoting the development of evry human being-both physically and spiritually
Verger, Chantal. "Microréalisations et développement : analyse de l'approche du Secours Catholique." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIE0006.
Full textThe "Secours Catholique" (French Caritas) is a non governmental organization (NGO) created in 1946, which is dependent upon french Catholic Church. It has been supporting microrealizations since 1960, to initiate a development process in the countries where they are introduced. Between 1960 and 1990, it sent 650 million francs (cst 1990), in about a hundred countries, but principally in french-speaking Africa, to finance these projects. During these three decades, the discourse was liberal, and the microrealizations were centred on technologies's transfers. During the seventeen, it insisted about human being, subject and finality of development. Training and animation became the main sector of intervention. During the eighties, the cultural dimension of development was more taken in consideration. The study of Ouahigouya's diocese showes that, if the microrealizations have improved rural life, they did not produce economic development. This study is an illustration of development action Church's assets (great introduction, motivation) and limits (inertia of a big structure, ideology's weight)
Schuerkens, Ulrike. "L'évolution sociale : problématique théorique et portée empirique." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0011.
Full textThis thesis is an anthropological and theoretical contribution to the analysis of the phenomenon of colonialism from the perspective of the colonizer and of the colonized we suggest an evolutionary approach which permits to integrate in one heuristic scheme, the analysis of colonial approaches of different european countries in africa, and in particular, germany, france and great britain on the territory of the former german togo which, in 1919, was divided into two parts, governed respectively by france and great britain under the mandate of the ligue of nations and later the trusteeship of the united nations. This rather unique case and the abundant documentation concerning the administration of these regions enable us to specify the colonial task which different european countries assumed. In the second part, we analyze the point of view of the colonized in french and english speaking african literature tackling the phenomenon of colonialism. The study of this literature reveals facts which can only be expressed by africans. - thus, the two parts of this thesis are complementary and allow to demonstrate the particular character of european colonial efforts and the perspective of the africans confronted with occidental social systems
Le, Chapelain Charlotte. "Allocation des talents : essai sur la contribution de l'éducation à la croissance." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA0003.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the understanding of the contribution of education to growth through an improved definition of the process of human capital production by education. Our analysis brings out the influence of talents allocation on human capital creation and hence on technological progress and economic growth. Our study is divided in two parts. Following our reading of the public instruction project by Condorcet, we first depict the concept of talents allocation, and define an indicator so as to formally reveal it. In the second part, our reflection is applied to the dual evolution of post elementary education in France and Prussia at the end of the XIXth century. The cliometric analysis aims at evaluating the influence of talents allocation efficiency, as defined in the first part, on technological and economical progress. A significant influence of talents allocation efficiency on the technological level of both economies is underlined, which supports how considering this indicator, in contemporary theoretical reflections dealing with the link between education and economic growth, is relevant
Bobe, Steven. "Le modèle de développement économique local des parcs naturels régionaux : l'exemple des parcs naturels régionaux d'Armorique et des marais du Cotentin et du Bessin." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20041.
Full textThe transformation of the countryside calls for new models in local development which we enhance by using the expression Parc naturel régional. After exploring the characteristics we will suggest they be defined as " amenital districts ". One surveys were taken out in the PNR of Armorique and Marais du Cotentin et du Bessin. We recorded the dynamics and the shape and aspects which were specific to the PNR's model of development. Although the number of firms involved in this type of development is minimal, their cognitive impact is substantial. Our geographical analysis has also allowed us to identify a spatial model which is specific to PNR, relying on the difference between " fundamental area "," secondary area ". Thus we can speak about reasoned cohabitation rather than conciliation between economic activities and the protection of nature. Thanks to this model, we will explain the major stakes which having a view on the countryside entail, we will suggest the visual access concept
Tello, Diaz Carlos Manuel. "La transformation du paysage : colonisation et développement de la cité de Careyes et Cuixmala (1943-1993)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0147.
Full textThe thesis covers a period of 50 years, which starts in 1943 with the first successful effort to colonize the coast of the state of Jalisco, and ends in 1993 with the decree of the Chamela--Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, which determines, even today, the rhythm of economic growth in t part of Jalisco. The work is divided in Iwo parts: the first one concerns the colonization and the second the development of the coast of Careyes and Cuixmala. The division between the two is: year 1972, when the coastal motorway was inaugurated: that year marked the end of colonizatior and the beginning of development in the coast of Jalisco. The motorway enabled the arrival of the two main actors of this story: tourism (Club Méditerranée, Hotel Plaza Careyes) and conservatior (Biological Station of Chamela and Ecological Foundation of Cuixmala). The tension between tourism and conservation was embodied in the Iwo main characters who determined the history c Careyes and Cuixmala: the Italian Banker Gian Franco Brignone (who fought for development) al the English businessman James Goldsmith (who fought for conservation). The conflict belween two ended in December 1993 with the decree of the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve
ANGUIANO, OROZCO ARTURO. "Les transformations de l'etat mexicain dans le cadre de la mondialisation (1982-1995)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010590.
Full textThis thesis pretends to analyse how the mexican state-nation lives his capitalist globalisation process breaked off especially since the eighties and the way that it turned out to be in somekind of leberinth. Our point of departure is the transformation that characterises this globalisation and the state- nation system crisis that appears to unleash. Taking into account the fragmentation and regionalisation, that paradoxically brings forth the universalisation without market or planet economy handicaps, we can distinguish the new north-south polarisation that appears as well as the segregation and exclusion that are brought forth with it. Further more we examine what we name, in our text, as the detaching of mexico with respect of the underdeveloped south and his attempt to engage himself to the developed north, which in practice prefigures a_northamerican country destiny. Afterwards we study the economical, social and political processes, which were triggered off under the influence of the new mexican international insertion, and the internal mutations lived by the country. Especially we emphasise in this pretended national modernisation (not only of the economy, forwarded towards exportation from now on), as well as in the state transformations and in his redefinition of the different social components relations. In our conclusions we discriminate the actors, the contradictions and the incertitude of a political transition that fluctuates between the authoritarian re- establishment and the democracy
Gay-Lescot, Jean-Louis. "Le développement du mouvement associatif sportif et de l'éducation physique en Ille-et-Vilaine de 1870 à 1939." Rennes 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985REN20004.
Full textSebti, Azzeddine. "L'entreprise conjointe et le développement : le cas du Maroc." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE0009.
Full textLezou, Yesso Benjamin. "Politique de développement rural et formation des formateurs d'artisans ruraux en Côte d'Ivoire : l'exemple des Unités mobiles de formation artisanale." Rennes 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN20016.
Full textIn order to give the rural world, and particularly young peasants the same living conditions as their urban fellows, the Ivorian state has chosen to train them by initiating the "mobile units project". These units are conceived as an instrument for rural development by the authorities and project leaders and are meant the training and the insertion of young rural in their environment; they are perceived by the rural population as a "training school" that would allow children to achieve advancement and consequently improve the parents living conditions; they are considered by traditional craftsmen as an "adult training center "where they can read, write and improve themselves. After ten years of existence, they do not seem to have achieved those aims but they keep on working. It is therefore quite proper to ponder the following topics: Has the "mobile units project" been properly prepared? Have the real needs of the young rural craftsmen been clearly identified? Has his profile and accordingly his trainer's been defined? The analysis reveals that the "mobile units project" must be thought over again so as to make it a powerful means of the rural development policy, which in fact still remains a matter of mentality
Saliby-Yehia, Hoda. "Pouvoir étatique et dynamique de développement : l'expérience de deux États successeurs de l'Empire Ottoman, la Syrie (1876-1963) et le Liban (1876-1964)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010562.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to analyse the role of the state in development. Development is here defined as a set of dynamics proper to each society, resulting from the interplay of many factors, among these factors we have examened six variables in their relationship to sate action. They are : territory, population, constitutional life, public finance, the education system and the role of the state in the economy. The interplay of these variables has been studied over a relatively long period. Lebanon, 1876-1964 and Syria, 1876-1963, have witnessed three types of state-power : Ottoman rule, the French mandate and the modern independant state. The Lebanese and yrian development experiences rely upon differents patterns, leading to divergent options. Guided by the assumption that the history of a society enrichies our analysis and comprehension of its economic organisation, our multi-disciplinary aproach has led us to pose the ititial question in a different manner : could state-power, rather than being regarded as a primary actor in development, be considered merely as one of its variables ?
Begga, Chérif. "Stratégie des besoins essentiels et croissance économique : référence au cas algérien." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010044.
Full textWe have noticed throughout our analysis of algeria's economic development process that an industrial potential featuring a wide range of production was rapidly put into use. In addition, technological achievements of the industrialized world were often acquired at full price. Industrialization was carried out according to extrovert methods deviating thus the strategic objective of intra and intersectoriel integration to the national economy. The considerable amount of jobs and incomes that were created, together with the general improvement of the economic situation and the lauching of great areas of development were counter-balanced by generalized shortages of basic commodities, an absolutely weak productivity, a catastrophic housing situation, and finally a deficient socio-educational sector. The will to achieve a recovery of the economy did not bring about appropriate solutions. In fact, unsuccessful reforms helped the socio-economique situation of the country worsen. So, instead of relying on activities likely to produce basic goods, officials encouraged the consumption of imported goods. We believe there is a necessity for an urgent intervention mainly in the much neglected
Guérin, Paul. "Régulation et structures économiques et sociales." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010058.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show that regulation considered as a search for an overall coherence of the whole of the economic and social structures is more efficient than an only economic one through the market or state intervention. The study is based on the concrete observation, in particular, that of the main industrialised countries, over the past fifty years since the second world war. In the first chapter, the growth era first gives rise to economic explanations through the fordist dynamics and a keynesian-type interventionism; then, the observation of Germany, of Japan and of France shows that growth is an overall phenomenon of society: the entrenchment in history, the organization of powers and institutions, the influence of culture interfere with economic evolutions to give it its specificity. In the second chapter, after the exposition of the economic manifestations of the crisis, of the difficulties come across by the policies implemented and of the insufficiency of economic debate to solve it, the study aims at showing how the transformation, forced by the technological revolution and the globalization of the economy, gets under way more easily when the economic and social structures evolve coherently ; the examples of France and of Japan support the presentation
De, Sousa Antonio Paulino. "Théorie et pratique de l'idéologie politique du développement : le cas de la surintendance du développement du Nord-Est (Sudène)." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070003.
Full textThe context of this thesis is an analysis of the social conditions of production and practices of the political ideology of economic development in northeast Brazil. The political ideology of development is characterized by its considered obviousness which must be adhered to no questions asked. It thus carries out a social function via the proposition of unquestionable truths. The theoretical field of the sociology of economic knowledge provides the framework for this study of the social history of the political ideology of development using the example of the SUDENE. The social effects of economic knowledge and know-how which cannot be reduced to desinterested theoretical constructions but rather constitutes social forces at work in the social set-up, are studied. The Church has played a determining role in applying the economic politics of the northeast development. In this region of Brazil the State can be said to be absent and the northeast Church to have substituted itself for the State. The trajectory of Father Lebret is a good illustration of the success of this vulgarization of the polital ideology of development at work. The political ideology of development appears as a variant of enlightened conservatism while aiming at the pacification of social relations as in the case with hte social discourse of Father Lebret and also Dom Helder as inspired by the Church. .
Chabane, Mohamed. "Agriculture, rente et développement : de l'histoire à la prospective, le cas de l’Algérie." Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseChabane.pdf.
Full textSince 1962, Algeria has experienced strong population dynamics, which broke various balances economic, social and natural. One consequence of this population pressure is seen through the imbalance of agricultural resources, which led to an extremely high food dependency vis-à-vis other countries. Today, most of the commodity is imported and the gap between supply and demand is increasingly rising. Since the intensive exploitation of hydrocarbons, agriculture has often been neglected and relegated to second place. However, agricultural policy initiated by the country's independence ensured top performance in the agricultural sector, which enjoyed a reputation as an exporter sector mainly due to policies of basic infrastructures, , and of all sorts of supports as , a way of promoting very advanced techniques. How and why could farming reach such a state? What the State could do if the hydrocarbon resources are running low? How can the State put farming in the forefront? How can it give agriculture a place with which it will contribute to the economic development of the nation? How can it meet the challenges of the future and cope with population growth, climate change and depletion of natural resources, presently the almost only sources of finance for the State? To answer these questions, we first consider the history of the Algerian agriculture during the last centuries. This quest leads to the conclusion that a real farm policy, founded over a real and effective study of Algerian agricultural sector is necessary. To this end, a mathematical model linking together the main parameters of the Algerian agricultural system is built. Focused on the future of the sector in Algeria, its goal is not only to imitate behaviour of agricultural systems but also to produce scenarios that could occur in reality in case of policy changes it is based on a rational analysis of land use patterns as depicted in field studies
Lambinet, Marc. "L'intégration économique et politique du Proche et du Moyen-Orient comme solutions au réglement des conflits régionaux ?" Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0101.
Full textThe subject of research is an interdisciplinary approach of the close relation and the Middle East in the borders of the Economic, Political, Historic and Geopolitical Sciences. It presents " the state of the question " of the Middle East : is the existence of regional permanent conflicts in the Middle East a fate or a deliberate will ? The rise ascent then the decline of Ottoman Empire and its decomposition then its dismemberment caused consequences so economic as political whose effects even are felt today in 2013 ! The World War I 1914-1918 and the period 1919-1939 cause the division of the Region and an instability of this one under the influence and the presence of the British Government and the French Government. The "problem" shows the essential and explanatory factors of the regional permanent conflicts in the Middle East : indeed, they are causes or stakes in geostrategic imbalance ? The World War II 1939-1945 and the partition of Palestine are only a prelude to new regional conflicts from 1948 till 2012 ! The presence of the oil and the water in the Region are revenue stream, source of the Economy, source of Life, source of conflicts, war source ! Solutions are possible for the regulation of the regional conflicts of the Middle East, not utopian but pragmatic, which seem to cross from now on by a " economic and political integration of the Middle East " thanks to a strategy of regional development taking into account different Communities (ethnic, linguistic, religious, cultural) within the framework of a Federation and/or of a Middle-Eastern Union !
Guerassimoff, Éric. "Les racines de l'oeuvre éducative de Chen Jiageng : les Chinois d'outre-mer et le développement de l'enseignement en Chine au début du 20e siècle." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1927PA081232.
Full textIn the history of chinese in southeast asia, chen jiageng (1874-1961), commonly known as tan kah kee, was a giant of man. Pioneering entrepreneur and community leader in singapore, he was also a unique promoter of education in china during the early 20th century. This being so, chen jiageng deserves more though and scholarly studies by historian in both singapore and china. However, it is a pity that these studies have thrown insufficient light on such crucial issues as to why a singapore multi-millionaire like chen was capable of losting his entire personal fortune for education promotion in china. The main theme of this thesis is essentially to highlight roots of chen ferocious passion for educational promotion, roots had been research in both china and singapore
Lacoste, Isabelle. "Le capital éducatif est-il un facteur de production ? : une étude empirique sur la France au XXème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHESA012.
Full textThis work proposes the study of an augmented production function, in france for the 20th century. The econometric framework is cointegration under regime shifts theory. It is shown that none of the traditional measures of educational capital unable a significant econometric result while more sophisticated ones, based on wages ratios, are indeed significant but only explain a small part of economic growth. This result is due to the fact that the quality of diploma falls when educational attainments raise
Rouanet, Léa. "Trois essais sur les progrès de la santé et le développement économique en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01256681.
Full textThe first chapter compares the colonial stratégies for health policies' provision and other colonial policies in former French West Africa. It gathers a unique dataset containing colonial inputs in health, éducation, public works and conscription. There was a very gênerai strategy as regards to the provision of colonial services, which had to do with investments' complementarity, returns to scale, the diseases' contagion risk and the demand for colonial services. The second chapter of this thesis looks at the relationship between adult height and under-five mortality in the context of the "double African Paradox" in West Africa. Africans are relatively tall in spite of extremely unfavorable disease environments. Moreover, their height stature decreased since the 1960's despite improving health conditions. A new model of height differential between survivors and deceased suggests that sélective mortality explains part of this paradox. Results imply that mortality sélection could be large enough to mask significant height increases. The third chapter develops a new indicator of gender préférences based on birth spacing, and applies it to Africa. Son preference is strong and increasing in North Africa, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa displays a preference for variety or no preference at all. Traditional family systems accurately predict the nature of gender preferences, while religion does not. Last, the magnitude of preferences is stronger for wealthier and more educated women
Mohamed, Omar Ibrahim. "La fiscalité de Djibouti : évolution et perspectives de 1900 à 2000." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010255.
Full textLe, Calvez François. "Les petites et moyennes entreprises et le développement économique. Le cas du Chili ˸ perceptions et analyses." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030009.
Full textSMEs are often considered as important economic actors in Chile’s industrial, agricultural, commercial and service activities. However, they do not seem to have achieved a redistribution of growth in line with what the country has experienced in recent years. Hence, Chilean SMEs face problems that often make it difficult for them to survive, grow and contribute to Chile’s development. This thesis explores the perceptions of SME managers and seeks to understand the differences that arise between the discourses of economic and political leaders on the importance of SMEs and their reality. How they understand the Chilean development model? What place do they reserve for innovation to face the challenges they are confronted with? Chapter I deals with SMEs in general: it highlights the complexity of this subject of study and situates them within the economic thinking from the 18th to the 20th centuries. We present the contribution of SMEs to the economy and development, as well as the many definitions used in thirty countries. Chapter II is devoted to Chile as a nation, its history, characteristics and current challenges. Chapter III deals with Chilean SMEs, their development since 1964, their place in the economy and the difficulties they face. Chapter IV details our epistemological choices and the use of a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology. Chapter V analyses the interviews conducted with fifteen experts on SMEs; Chapter VI gives voice to fifty SME managers. Their data are analysed using ATLAS.ti software and semantic maps. Chapter VII presents the results of a large « Enquête Nationale PME » (large SME national survey) that we deployed across the country and in which 2,275 SME managers participated. The thesis thus articulates three plans: a theoretical one, with a reflection on the role of SMEs in our societies; a methodological one, with the use of triangulation and a mixed methodology to approach the complexity of SMEs; and finally a practical one with the formulation of recommendations to support Chilean SMEs and the concept of ProtAgony which combines the role of protagonist and the struggle, the agony that affect many SMEs
Vannini, Geneviève. "Les CEMEA et leur action en Europe et en Afrique de 1937 à la fin du XXe siècle. Une contribution originale à la diffusion de l'éducation nouvelle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040007.
Full textThe Centres d’entraînement aux méthodes d’éducation active (CEMEA) were created in 1937 as ananswer to the severe lack of managerial staff for children's holiday camps, and quickly enjoyed aconsiderable expansion. Driven by enthusiasm and a steadfast faith in the new educational methods, themany activists of this important association develop a rich and diversified activity throughout the XXthcentury in all fields regarding education, and largely expand their influence beyond the French borders.CEMEA associations are initially created in Europe, then in the French Overseas departments andterritories and in Africa, and thus constitute efficient intermediaries for the promotion of new pedagogicalmethods. The active educational method of holiday camp supervisors, whose guidelines are laid down in1937, remains the basis of all educational action. Although the training courses for leaders of holidaycentres still represent a large sector of activities until now, social work and actions towards young peoplein difficulty are increasing, in Europe as well as in Africa or in the Overseas departments and territories.The CEMEA, who integrate themselves in wide-ranging development plans, elaborate long-term trainingprogrammes in many countries. The many international activities reflect the educational undertakingsconducted in France. But the complexity of the various institutional, political, economical, and culturalframeworks they are part of compel the CEMEA to give regular precisions on the underlying principlesof their action
Sumpf, Alexandre. "Le visage vers la campagne : les bolcheviks et l'éducation politique de la paysannerie dans les années 1920." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20101.
Full textResearch is about the early development of Soviet “totalitarian project”, based on educational and political control of adult population, peasantry in particular. The thesis is a social history of politics, playing on various scales from the decisional center to the local achievement, from institutions to the individuals. First part draws the history of Main Direction for Political Education, in charge of propaganda for communism. Founded in 1920 as the State counterpart of Central Comity’s Agit-prop Department, Glavpolitprosvet was a secondary wheel in State-Party system, but was a central institution of the new “Propaganda State”. Second part studies the network of political education’s administration and institutions from the provincial scale to the village. Everywhere it hardly functioned, results were mediocre; moreover, Bolshevik representations about rural world totally denied its realities. Third part analyses the contradictory recruitment and the quite theoretical training of political educators for the villages. Deprived from a corporative identity to adhere to, their involvement in the Soviet system could be seen as the affirmation of a real individual and personal choice
Lazrak, Abdellatif. "Repenser la conversion et le développement local des bassins de tradition industrielle." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50374-2003-21-1.pdf.
Full textReys, Aurélien. "Ressources gemmifères et développement des territoires : la filière des pierres de couleur du Minas Gerais au Brésil." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC034.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the relationship between the abundance of natural wealth and the level of economic development of local population, as exemplified by colored gemstone resources and the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. This space, which constitutes one of the greatest reserves of gemstones in the world, does not appear to profit fully from its resources because the areas in which mining operations take place are mainly characterizes by socio-economical indexes below the national average. Most local actors involved in the exploitation of these precious minerais must besides face significant difficulties, which have increased over the fast twenty years. The main reason for this decrease in production is however not, as it is often suggested, the subordination to foreign powers, nor the intensification of public authorities' battle against illegal mining activities. The decline of activities observed actually has its origin in the recent improvement of living conditions amongst local populations, which have therefore less inclined to choose physically tiring and badly paid dangerous activities than they were in the past. On the basis of this assessment, this thesis defends the idea according to which the specialization on certains territories in the field of mining extration is not a cause, but rather a consequence of poverty
Rioux, Matthias. "La Gaspésie dans tous ses États : grandeurs et misères du développement régional au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30190.
Full textThis thesis presents a sociohistorical study of a particularly targeted resource region: the Gaspé Peninsula. The first objective is to shed light on the economic difficulties which have prevailed in this region from the crisis of the 30’s until today. The second objective is to take a critical look at the social and economic impact of the government policies which were applied to this region since The Quiet Revolution. By tracing back the peninsula’s significant development stages during the twentieth century, this research intends to show the important causal connection between a region historically known for its economic backwardness and the government interventions. The core of the thesis illustrates the difficulties linked to the rural nature of a community living in the fringes of a production system based on the free market and unlimited growth. To protect itself from the system’s inequities, the community even avoids governmental regulations which are applied irrespective of a redistribution to the poor. The analysis of social stakeholders, the structured trade between the government and the region, and the reciprocity of intellectual influences exerted between development practitioners and specialists have contributed to materialize a momentum which would facilitate a common vision of an endogenous development. The thesis identifies and examines the ideologies from which various development models originate (chapters VI and VII), actions taken in rural areas by the government, and identifies the local and national stakeholders supporting alternatives (bottom-up models) to the classic top-down model. Some characteristics of the model being considered tend to conclude that an economically challenged rural area like the Gaspé Peninsula cannot achieve its development by persisting in the neoliberal path and in a notion of prosperity based on trade growth. In this thesis, we are submitting that the order of priorities must change. Reorganizing the development of resource regions requires different methods and doctrines. It is mostly based on institutionalizing cooperation between stakeholders and is achieved under the banner of economic mutual aid and social solidarity. In chapter VIII, we show a region’s capacity to diagnose its problematic situation, to regroup its strengths and define a suitable development model. This model conciliates social and commercial economy, government and citizen participation, liberal and social democracies. The thesis states that the alliance between responsible entrepreneurship (relations between corporations) and social innovation are the components chosen par Gaspesian stakeholders to revitalise their region, economically and socially. We conclude by stating a reality that rises above theories and models: the Gaspé Peninsula was excluded from any development for almost a century. The region did not experience significant growth for quite some time. We outline that the peninsula, being geographically distant from post-war technological innovations and industrial machinery, was kept out of a wealth accumulation regime never seen in the history of capitalism. While the Gaspé Peninsula was kept aside, developed countries were creating economic links which accelerated industrial production and mass consumerism, consequently creating economics virtuous circles, depicted by Les Trente Glorieuses ("The Glorious Thirty", 1945-1975), a prosperous period from which the Gaspé Peninsula did not benefit. The benefits of the Fordist regime, where growth and productivity gain are shared between workers and employers, have also eluded the peninsula’s economic stakeholders. We will see that the government, as economic regulator, was not able to assert itself as arbitrator of the common good. Public policies have failed to contain the region’s decline...
Teillet, Arnaud. "Une fabrique du sujet contemporain : normes éducatives et dispositifs néolibéraux." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100155.
Full textThe neoliberal project, as developed theoretically in the inter-war years, and as applied politically from the late 1970s, identified as one of the conditions for its success and perpetuation the production of an original subject, capable of constantly adapting to new competitive economic and social configurations. In this context, education, insofar as it allows early action on subjectivations, is a major issue. New educational standards, espousing the economic logic of neoliberal rationality, have imposed, since the 1980s, reforms to school systems as well as reconfigurations to parental experiences. The common objective of all education becomes to transform the young individual, assimilated to an (economic) potential to be developed, into a productive, flexible, efficient and creative subject. Taken over by the self-help practices of a "culture of positivity" in constant expansion since the 1980s, and by the technological knowledge of neuroscience, contemporary childhoods have been disrupted. This work aims to report on the emergence of these new educational standards, and the childhoods they help to qualify and produce
Uyarci, Yafes. "Les dynamiques des PME en Turquie : structuration et développement régional étudiés à partir de la confédération TUSKON." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG014/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the study of the structure and development of SMEs in TURKEY, through the influence of a socio-religious mouvement called Hizmet. The aim is to highlight a definition of the dynamics of SMEs accross member of TUSKON (Turkish confederation of businessmen and industrialists), in relation to their motivations for economic success in the context of a spiritual depth research by their commitments in Hizmet movement's socio-educational projects.TUSKON offers a specific vision of islam /modernity report compared to that of MÜSIAD, anassociation of islamic businessmen. Our study is based on interviews and a sociological survey conducted among members of the BUGIAD association (member of TUSKON) in BURSA, allowing us to trace the evolution of socio-historical of TUSKON and sees how the dynamics of SMEs is influenced by the piety and the commitment of his boss in a socio-religious movement
Grison, Jean-Baptiste. "La très petite commune en France : héritage sans avenir ou modèle original ?" Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658977.
Full textBernardo, Y. Garcia Luis Angel. "Le Ventre des Belges: miracle économique et restauration des forces de travail :origines et développement de la politique alimentaire du second immédiat après-guerre, 1914-1948." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209052.
Full textLe choix assumé par une Belgique solvable d’une « politique d’abondance » aux dépens d’une planification des investissements se démarque des choix opérés par la France, les Pays-Bas ou la Grande-Bretagne impécunieux mais obsédés par la modernisation de leurs appareils de production respectifs. L’objectif belge d’apporter à la population – à coup de subventions massives – l’indispensable puis l’utile mais aussi le superflu va se maintenir jusqu’à la libération progressive des transactions et des prix et participe à la restauration rapide de l’économie belge transformatrice et exportatrice. Dès la fin de la guerre en Europe, un apparent « miracle économique » se produit en Belgique avec la reprise rapide des exportations à destination des pays limitrophes. Le processus de restauration économique a été initié dès les premières semaines de la Libération grâce aux prestations massives aux armées alliées et le « remboursement » inespéré d’une partie conséquente de celles-ci après-guerre. Dès le début de l’année 1947, la production industrielle belge rattrape le niveau d’avant-guerre alors que les productions charbonnière et agricole restent à la traîne. La politique alimentaire du second immédiat après-guerre place le consommateur au centre de l’économie agricole et multiple les contraintes du côté de l’offre en matière de transactions et de prix. Encombrée par l’héritage de l’occupation – en dépit d’un droit d’inventaire – elle rencontrera une forte opposition de la part du secteur alimentaire et principalement le monde agricole et le petit commerce. Ceux-ci déploieront des stratégies défensives à la fois politiques et illégales. Ces dernières s’expriment essentiellement depuis l’occupation par le détournement d’une part conséquente des maigres disponibilités alimentaires au profit de l’ennemi et d’une minorité au fort pouvoir d’achat. Quant au monde ouvrier organisé qui constitue aux yeux de la puissance publique le principal acteur du côté de la demande alimentaire, il va contester dès la Libération la politique d’austérité et l’inéquité des sacrifices demandés au nom de la restauration du pays. En dépit d’une pacification convenue entre les élites patronales et syndicales en échange de réformes sociales et la participation loyale des communistes au pouvoir, la seconde sortie de guerre sera marquée par de nombreuses grèves « sauvages » débordant le cadre syndical réformiste et communiste.
À vrai dire, la politique alimentaire mise en œuvre au cours de la seconde libération et du second immédiat après-guerre – ainsi que les réponses apportées par l’offre et la demande – ne peuvent être étudiées et comprises qu’en convoquant les crises alimentaires précédentes depuis la première occupation que la Belgique fut la seule à connaître en Europe occidentale sur la plus grand partie de son territoire, à l’exception du petit voisin grand-ducal. Tant la puissance publique, les élites dirigeantes que le monde agricole ou encore le mouvement ouvrier sauront tirer les enseignements des expériences passées. Enfin, la production agricole de la Belgique structurellement dépendante des importations massives de céréales et autres aliments du bétail s’inscrit depuis la fin du XIXème siècle dans une économie alimentaire mondialisée. Les crises alimentaires des temps de (sortie de guerre) traversées par la petite économie transformatrice et exportatrice sont avant tout des crises des approvisionnements extérieurs marquées par leur diminution voire leur quasi disparition. Au cours du second immédiat après-guerre, la politique alimentaire de la Belgique – comme celle des autres grands pays importateurs français, britannique ou néerlandais – sera toujours aussi tributaire des approvisionnements extérieurs régulés depuis la guerre par les Grands Alliés anglo-saxons. Ceux-ci passeront le relais en 1946 aux organismes internationaux gravitant autour des Nations Unies jusqu’aux abondantes récoltes mondiales de l’An 1948.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kaya, Uğur. "Représentations stratégiques hétérogènes de la Turquie dans l'Alliance Atlantique à travers son voisinage avec le Moyen-Orient : analyse d'un État glacis, "rentier stratégique", exploitant les conflits militaires régionaux et globaux comme facteur autonome de développement économique et de stabilité interne." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0031.
Full textThis thesis analys of the interactions between the logic of security and the economic logic that bring to bear on state apparatus and socio-economic agents in Turkey, with regard to Middle Eastern relations and concentrating in particular on Turkey's heterogeneity within the NATO. It consists, fundamentally, of a study of the dialectical relationship between the economic, political and military fields in Turkey on the national, regional and global scales. The thesis's period of analysis stretches from the foundation of the Turkish Republic up to the end of the twentieth century. Within this framework, the thesis attempts to decrypt the role of conflictuality in strategic identity. Interactions between economic and military strategy on the global level do not, in the case of Turkey, stem from colonial considerations. They stem, rather, from a conception of security that aims to avoid participation in territorially-constituted wars in order to achieve economic development. Through this particular relationship between regional and global conflictualities, the Turkish state's long-term policy can be said to consist of instrumentalising antagonisms of third-party protagonists, without any one of those third parties assuming the role of an 'enemy' per se or a 'source of immediate threat'. This exploitation of conflicts leads not only to security considerations, it becomes a multi-view strategy: for economic and social development, to guarantee internal stability, serving also to reinforce official ideology. These phenomena are analysed by means of the concepts of the "conflictualist paradigm" and the "strategic rentier state. "
Ali, Farah Omar. "La France, la Communauté économique européenne et l’Afrique subsaharienne, de la Convention de Yaoundé (juillet 1963) à la Convention de Lomé 1 (février 1975)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20011/document.
Full textFrance has obtained from its partners the inclusion of the overseas territories in the Treaty of Rome which established the EEC. The goal was to maintain relations between the mainlands and the former colonies in a new context during the decolonisation.Between 1958 and 1963, the Six experienced a partnership system with third countries, particularly the African and Malgach Associated States (AMAS) which allowed to maintain particular economic ties with these sovereign states on behalf of development aid. The July 1963 Convention of Yaounde marked the will of the Six to institutionalise and coordinate their relations with African and Malgache third countries and laying the foundations of cooperation policy, consolidated by the renewal of this convention. On the commercial level, These agreements were based on mutual preferencial tariffs and quotas and financial and technical assistance.At the end of a decade of association, the development aid assessement was very poor, except for the field of education and training where an increase in schooling was witnessed in most of the AMAS, but in terms of economy, results were insignificant: the preferences they benefited from gradually decreased into little, They still remained very dependent and heavily indebted. Their economy was still based on the export of tropical products and mining and the very unbalanced terms of trade
Soto, Marcelo. "Contributions à l'analyse empirique de la croissance." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0105.
Full textThis thesis presents 4 essays on the empirical analysis of economic growth. Chapter 1 focuses on the properties of various estimators typically used in the literature, as well as the recently proposed system GMM estimator (Blundell and Bond, 1998). Chapter 2 presents new series on human capital for 95 countries over the period 1960-2000. This work is aimed at obtaining series on schooling that are less contamined by measurement errors. Chapter 3 studies the impact of schooling on income. The results are the following: 1) opposed to the findings of the earlier macro literature, the level of education, measured by the average number of years of schooling has an important role in the determination of the level of income; and 2) the externalities à la Lucas (1998) do not seem to be important. Finally, chapter 4 analyses the impact of capital flows on growth for a large number of countries over the period 1985-1996. Only bank inflows are robustly and positively associated with growth
Grandi, Elisa. "Reti di esperti e attori politici nelle missioni della Banca Mondiale : l programmi in Colombia e i loro effetti globali sull’assistenza allo sviluppo (1940-1966)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC103/document.
Full textThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was founded in 1944 and began its operations in 1947. Among the first activities the Bank carried out in the 1940s, the missions and loans in Colombia represented a key moment in the evolution of this institution towards the form of organization, the articulation of procedures and the definition of the objectives that characterize the Bank still today. Our research focuses on this process, focusing in particular on the General Survey mission organized in 1949 and its implications for the evolution of the Bank, as well as Colombian economic policy. Through this mission, we examined the practices related to the evolution of the World Bank's policies during the first years of activity, highlighting in particular the emergent nature of this organization. These missions, analyzed as a moment of interaction between international experts and local experts, are fundamental to understanding the evolution of the World Bank's work. Based on this assumption, one of the main challenge of the research was to develop a method of analysis to capture the strategies and practices developed during the World Bank missions and to relate them to the results of these missions. In order to understand these strategies, we analyzed the links established among the actors, local and international, and observed their evolution over time. Crafting and studying these links allowed us to better understand the emergence of certain institutions related to the demand and management of the loans, as well as the criteria the Bank established for the evaluation and intervention of international experts in developing countries. This implied the study of a transnational phenomenon by a micro-historical approach
Bianconi, Renata. "L'œuvre de Celso Furtado à Paris : le parcours d'un intellectuel et homme d'Etat." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040082/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the work of the Brazilian economist and historian Celso Furtado. It traces his career and presents the evolution of his thought and work during the time he taught at Paris (1965-1985). This study first presents Celso Furtado’s doctoral studies in France, when he received decisive influences for the subsequent evolution of his thinking on economic development. Next, it shows the author’s contribution at the formative years of the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLAC-UN), school of thought that proposed an innovative approach to the problems of underdeveloped economies. His commitment to the Brazilian government (creator and director of the Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast, and first Minister of Planning), in an international context marked by the polarization of the Cold War, is also analyzed. In exile since the establishment of the Brazilian military dictatorship, he moved to Paris, where he develops a long academic career. Finally, this thesis highlights the contribution of Celso Furtado to the study of economic development and Latin American economies in France, as well as the new ways of thinking about the problems of underdevelopment undertaken by the author during his exile in Paris
El, Daccache Georges. "La Banque de Syrie et du Liban, levier de développement ou instrument de l’impérialisme français ? (1919-1945)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL110.
Full textThe Bank of Syria and Lebanon was created on January 2, 1919 by the Imperial Ottoman Bank. Being a commercial bank, it has been attributed, following the signature of the Convention of January 23, 1924 with the States of the Levant, the privilege of the issue of the new Lebanese-Syrian bank-note. This currency is directly attached to the French Franc to facilitate the administrative operation of France in the Levant and trade with the Metropolis. In this position, the Bank has not hesitated to simultaneously carry out its commercial banking activity and profit from it. Its main activity is focused on credit and advances to the Levant States and individuals. In addition to being the financial agent of the Levant States, it has also been known to be a deposit bank. Its position as a bank issuing the local bank-note has inspired confidence to the local population to come and deposit their savings. Its knowledge of the territory has pushed French capital to ally with it for the execution of their investments in the Levant. Throughout its existence, BSL will be a key player in the financial market in the East. Its history is considered inseparable from the economic history of the Levant and France
Liu, Zeting. "L’évolution des politiques du soutien l’innovation dans les PME en France : le cas de l'Anvar." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0780/document.
Full textFrance, like other countries, seeks to promote its scientific excellence and to increase the competitiveness of its small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by taking full advantage of innovation to sustain economic growth and employment. In France as in other countries, there is no specific policy to support innovation in SMEs but both science and industrial research policies, especially for small businesses, and innovation policies, in which can be identified specific measures to promote technological development and innovation in SMEs. This study focuses on "how", in France, such public policies are defined and organized through different periods and it questions the effectiveness and impact of public interventions aimed at developing French SMEs’ innovation capacity. The study is divided in three parts, following a historical chronology corresponding to major stages of political evolution from the years 1960-1970 till now. These three analytical parts are enriched by a case analysis of the French National Agency for Valorisation of the Research (Anvar). At the end of this study, we suggest that France is now entering a critical phase in which structural reforms have to be undertaken in order to ensure French SMEs’ innovation and competitiveness
Mired, Houari. "L'Européanisation de la politique régionale britannique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030047/document.
Full textPublic intervention in problem regions has been legitimated by regional development differences at the heart of the European Community. Since the Treaty of Rome, it has aimed at the reduction of socioeconomic imbalances affecting a number of regions. Persistent economic difficulties in problem regions have pushed the Community to invest considerable resources. The European regional policy has had a significant impact in shaping the regional policies of the Member States since the reforms of the structural funds in the late 1980s. But the Europeanization process was different according to the institutional architecture of the Member States. Despite a long tradition of regional policy dating back to the beginning of the 1930s, Britain has progressively deprioritised regional policy since the early 1980s. The reduction in regional assistance was compensated by European structural funds. As a consequence, the structural fund reforms resulted in changes in the centre-periphery relationship in the United Kingdom. Europeanization took a much greater role in this member state from the end of the 1980s onwards. Waves of decentralization were promoted by successive governments with the aim of bringing the regions closer to Whitehall. This led to the emergence of a new mode of governance. These innovations promoted a greater regional participation. But a persistent economic divide questions the success of “democratic renewal”