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Academic literature on the topic 'Éducation et État – États-Unis – 20e siècle'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Éducation et État – États-Unis – 20e siècle"
Murtin, Fabrice. "Les dynamiques de l'inégalité au vingtième siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0141.
Full textThe thesis shows that fiscality has maintained inequality in disposable income in the European Union at a constant level since 1980. It évaluâtes the endogeneity bias of the college premium in the United-States at 30% of the cross-sectional estimates after 1980. It proposes the first empirical assesment of unified growth theory, and reproduces the trajectories of growth, fertility, life expectancy and éducation in the United-States since 1860. Then it calculates global inequalities in years of schooling and human capital inequalities since 1870. Dynamics of incorne inequality within countries is examined in the light of Kuznets hypothesis. The latter is validated even after controling for educational level and human capital inequality, although éducation explains much more of the decrease in income inequality than the Kuznets eftect does
Espejo, Roberto. "Paul Goodman et la critique en éducation : vers une pédagogie critique existentielle." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/163812330#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textIn this thesis we explore the contribution of Paul Goodman’s (1911-1972) pedagogical ideas to a critical theory of education. We consider our problem demonstrating that: a) the problem of alienation is central in Goodman’s discourse, b) the relevance of Goodman’s gestalt theory for understanding his analysis of education and c) that an existential component must be taken into account in order to describe his pedagogical approach. Goodman’s role in the development of gestalt therapy, expressed mainly through his “theory of the Self”, is considered as a basis for his anthropological approach. This approach is important in order to consider Goodman’s relationship to progressive education and other critical models, such as libertarian pedagogy. Goodman provides a strong criticism of the educational system of the United States in the sixties at all levels: primary, secondary and higher education. This criticism should be understood according to his gestalt-philosophy and his libertarian ideas. We show how critical ideas in education were already present in the American movement of progressive education (John Dewey) and in his offshoot, the social reconstruction movement (George Counts). This movement is an important element for understanding Goodman’s ideas, as well as for the development of the American movement of critical pedagogy. This trend is considered by us as an important contribution to educational theory. We explore Goodman’s heritage and his and the possibility of broadening the idea of critical pedagogy, through considering its “existential” aspect
Perreault, Lisa-Marie. "'Beauty is your duty'. Féminité, citoyenneté et cosmétiques aux États-Unis, 1937-1946." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37671.
Full textOur study analyzes the links that the American cosmetics industry established between feminine beauty and female citizenship in the magazines Vogue and Ladies’ Home Journal from 1937 to 1946. It follows a chronological plan to capture the evolution of these trends according to the historical context. Thus, from 1937 until December 1941, these links were first established in an indirect way. They aimed to promote American ideals of beauty and maternity as well as the consumption of cosmetics produced in the United States. From the entry of the United States into the Second World War in 1941 until 1945, the cosmetics industry strengthened these ties so that beauty and citizenship became virtually synonymous. During this period "the act of beauty" was then presented in the pages of the two magazines as a real civic duty for the Americans. The end of the conflict, for its part, restated the terms of the equation. While disassociating the beauty and citizenship imperatives in the name of a return to "normal life" and revaluing "traditional" women's roles, the cosmetics industry used the advertisements and articles it published in Vogue and the Ladies'Home Journal to counter Communism.
Résumé en espagnol
Barratault, Marion. "L’invention philosophique de l’enseignement secondaire. Réformes et controverses dans les États-providence au XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040190.
Full textThis reflexion postulates a conceptual invention of secondary education which differs from a historical invention. The study of the debates which followed the development of reforms or laws on secondary education in welfare states, demonstrates that the twentieth century is the century of the philosophical invention of secondary education. This invention materializes in the formation of national models of secondary education. This work proposes to compare the French Republican model to the English liberal model, the nationalist German model, the idealistic italian model, the liberal model of the United States of America and the social democratic Finnish model. Throughout the twentieth century, these national models, with different cultural and ideological traditions, face,with common issues regarding the reception and education of adolescence. This reflexion extends to the entry into the twenty-first century, highlighting an international model of secondary education, which tends to influence – or even to dissolve – the national models. The successive processes of democratization and modernization, feminization and coeducation, equal opportunities and implementation of the comprehensive school, are interpreted as three phases of a philosophical invention of the secondary education and as three moments constituting national models of secondary education ; models which are in danger at entry into the twenty-first century
Delacourt, Sandra. "L'artiste, l'universitaire et l'historien aux Etats-Unis (1938-1968) : l'exemple de Donald Judd." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H004.
Full textThis doctoral thesis explores the conditions in which the figure of the ‘academic artist’ emerged in the USA following World War II. The intellectual and political climate for radical change in the American visual arts educational paradigm is evidenced as are its repercussions on the profound renewal of agencies involved in art history production. Importance is given to reform in higher education and the instrumental role the academic artist played in redefining academic research between the 1930s and the 1960s. Such figures were far from being merely aspirational in political terms as is apparent in their range of trajectories, their practices and goals which did not necessarily coincide. Many artists, whose names were associated with academia, contributed – some conventionally, others less predictably – to new ways of producing knowledge. Yet recognizing such individual contributions posed many more problems than the more generic celebration of the new American art personified by “educated” artists. My dissertation therefore views these issues from an epistemological standpoint, weighing what paradoxically was an academic deficit against contemporary practices in history and art history. The latter is examined through the specific case of Donald Judd and his determined stance against European philosophical idealism via the “realistic” practice of art history
Delcourt, Irène. "Surveiller et guérir : émergence, professionnalisation et déclin d'une première médecine de l'addiction (New York, 1861-1920)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0146.
Full textThe medical management of drug addiction in the United States has become, in the first two decades of the 21st century, of particular interest to historians, sociologists and scientists. In the midst of an unprecedented “opioid epidemic”, this research intends to explore mostly unchartered parts of the long and troubled history of the medicalization of narcotic addiction in the U.S., particularly the emergence in turn-of-the-century New-York of a professional medical specialty, known today as addictology. From the early days of the Gilded Age to the end of the Progressive Era, a small group of self-proclaimed experts, founding fathers of the Inebriety Movement, developed the “disease theory of addiction”, reframing an old vice as a modern pathology and briefly allowing the medical profession to appropriate the problem of narcotic drug dependence. These pioneer addictologists established a professional jurisdiction, an area of expertise and a concrete sphere of influence within the State of New York. The early criminalization of the sale and use of narcotics in the 1910s, however, halted the development of the new profession – as the figure of the "narcomaniac" patient progressively disappeared, giving way to that of the "junkie" criminal, medical authority over drug addiction was questioned, challenged and ultimately impounded for several decades
Hébert, Alexandra. "Le New York Times et les débuts de la guerre froide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/MQ31734.pdf.
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