Academic literature on the topic 'Education, Higher – Namibia – Evaluation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Education, Higher – Namibia – Evaluation"

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Lipumbu, Nangula. "Who Guards the Guard?" International Journal of African Higher Education 8, no. 1 (2021): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ijahe.v8i1.13365.

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Meta-evaluations by Quality Assurance Agencies (QAAs) aim to evaluate the quality of the evaluators of quality assurance. While such evaluations are the norm, especially in Europe, they are rare in Africa. A critical literaturereview was conducted to ascertain whether meta-evaluations were conducted in Namibia. The study estab- -lished that such evaluations have yet to be practiced in the country. Drawing on Clark’s model of the organisa- -tional analysis of higher education institutions and the higher education system as an analytical lens, and based on the African Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance and some cases of meta-evaluation byQAAs, we argue for the need to conduct such evaluations in Namibia. The article provides an overview of QAAs’ operations and functions, as well as the current external quality assurance system for higher education inNamibia and justifies the necessity of meta-evaluation in the Namibian context in order to enhance the capacity of QAAs and the quality of higher education institutions. Key words: Higher Education, meta-evaluation, Namibia, quality assurance, Quality Assurance Agencies
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Semente, Efigenia. "STUDENT SATISFACTION AND TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING: THE CASE OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN NAMIBIA." Journal of Education and Practice 1, no. 2 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.201.

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Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to assess Student Satisfaction and Technology Integration in Teaching and Learning: The Case of University Education in Namibia. The concept of customer satisfaction has attracted much attention in recent years. Institutions of higher education are accountable for their performance to their trustees, state boards, accreditation agencies, employees, parents, and of course, their students. Students are the reason for the existence of Institutions of higher education. Hence Student satisfaction should be the core business of such institutions. Yet despite a large body of research literature examining customer satisfaction and student satisfaction for that matter, researchers have not fully investigated the relationship between student satisfaction and technology integration in teaching and learning. This study explores the Challenges faced by academics in terms of technology integration in teaching and learning. It further assesses Students’ Satisfaction in relation to Technology Integration in Teaching and Learning as well as the relationship between the use of technology in teaching and learning and Students Satisfaction. Research Methodology: This is a correlation cross-sectional quantitative survey. Responses were obtained from a 200 valid random sample comprising of Students and Lecturers at one of the major public Universities in Namibia. The responses were analysed using SPSS version 23. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine the research questions. Descriptive statistics were used to report demographic information and for inferential statistics, the principal components analysis (PCA) was used. Further, in order to explore the relationships between Student Satisfaction and Technology Integration in Teaching and Learning, Pearson correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA), were used to address research questions accordingly.Findings: The study found significant relationships between Technology Integration in Teaching and Learning and Students Satisfaction. The results prompted recommendations guiding effective marketing strategies for Institutions of Higher Education, policy making in relation to Technology Integration in Teaching and Learning vis-à-vis Student Satisfaction.Contribution: Regular appraisal of students satisfaction with technology integration is critical. Evaluation of lecturer’s perception and awareness of technology integration is essential-to reduce the Knowledge Gap in the area of technology integration in teaching and learning. Specific studies related to technology integration in teaching and learning per discipline (Programme) are desirable since different Programmes may have different needs in terms of technology integration. Lecturers’ commendations/support for technology integration is key to ensure adoption and full technology integration in the long run. Institutional Policy on course web/e-learning presence is fundamental
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Coombe, Trevor. "The new system of higher education in Namibia." Journal of Southern African Studies 19, no. 1 (1993): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057079308708347.

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Baporikar, Neeta, and Adri Smith. "Talent Management in Higher Education Institution." International Journal of Applied Management Sciences and Engineering 6, no. 2 (2019): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamse.2019070103.

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Institutions are losing talented and skilled personnel to competitors because employees opine that their abilities and skills are not valued. There are also no practices in place where shortcomings pertaining to skills and competencies are addressed in order for them to do their jobs effectively especially for administrative staff in higher educational institutions. Hence, the main problem for these institutions is having a workforce that is not motivated to perform optimally. The challenge currently facing Namibian higher education institutions is for them to implement talent management practices successfully so that the workforce is motivated to do their job effectively and efficiently. Hence, adopting a cross-sectional research design with data collected from employees of a higher education institution in Namibia (N=109), the human capital index (HCI) and motivation questionnaire were administered and statistical analysis done with the aim to investigate talent management and motivation relationship at a higher education institution in Namibia.
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Harris-Huemmert, Susan. "Evaluation of Higher Education." Research in Comparative and International Education 5, no. 1 (2010): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2010.5.1.1.

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Wang, Yue Ying. "Evaluation in Higher Education." International Journal of Learning: Annual Review 7, no. 1 (2004): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v07/47113.

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Stell, Gerald, and Marko Dragojevic. "Multilingual Accommodation in Namibia." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 36, no. 2 (2016): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x16650718.

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This study examined how six different ethnolinguistic groups in Windhoek, capital of Namibia, adjust their language use during intergroup encounters. Invoking communication accommodation theory, we predicted that relatively low-vitality groups (high-vitality groups) would be inclined towards linguistic convergence (maintenance), but that these general patterns would be moderated by prevailing sociocultural norms and each group’s language proficiency. These hypotheses were largely supported. Relatively low-vitality groups tended to linguistically converge (typically via lingua francas), whereas relatively high-vitality groups tended to engage in linguistic maintenance. This resulted in two distinct patterns of adjustment: (a) symmetrical accommodation in interactions involving groups of relatively equal vitality, typically consisting of mutual convergence to lingua francas or mutual maintenance of a shared heritage language and (b) asymmetrical accommodation in intergroup interactions involving groups of relatively unequal vitality, typically consisting of upward convergence among lower vitality groups, and maintenance among higher vitality groups.
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Ponomarenko, Natalia. "HIGHER EDUCATION EVALUATION IN GERMANY." Continuing Professional Education: Theory and Practice, no. 4 (2015): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/1609-8595.2015.4.6063.

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Schmidt, Bernhard, Aiga Von Hippel, and Rudolf Tippelt. "Higher Education Evaluation in Germany." Research in Comparative and International Education 5, no. 1 (2010): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2010.5.1.98.

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Navas, Lina P., Felipe Montes, Sepideh Abolghasem, Ricardo J. Salas, Mehdi Toloo, and Roberto Zarama. "Colombian higher education institutions evaluation." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 71 (September 2020): 100801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100801.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Education, Higher – Namibia – Evaluation"

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Maemeko, Eugene Litaba. "Teachers perceptions of the relevance of performance indicators for school improvement and development in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95779.

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Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers‟ perception(s) of the relevance of performance indicators for school improvement and development in Namibia. The study employed a case study involving two school principals, two heads of department (HODs) and five teachers. Interviews were used to collect the data. The study found that almost all teachers acknowledge the importance of the PIs and believe that they succeed in improving the provision of quality education if they are properly implemented. The study also found that both school principals experience many challenges with the implementation of these PIs. The analysis was framed by interpretive theory as the study is exploratory. Performance indicators (PIs) have become the yardstick by which internal and external school evaluators can assess whole school performance. The focus of this case study was on Grade 10 school performance in the Katima Mulilo rural circuit and an urban secondary school in the Caprivi education region of Namibia. Grade 10 is one of the school levels in which low academic performance has been found to be common in the Caprivi region. The study included a literature review of studies on performance indicators in different parts of the world.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMING: No Afrikaans abstract available
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Mässing, Christoffer. "Success Factors and Challenges for E-learning Technologies in the Namibian Higher Education System : A case study of the University of Namibia." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13757.

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Education is one of the deciding factors for poverty alleviation and economic growth. Governments of developing countries is struggling to meet the demand for qualitative education and the nation of Namibia is no exception. Namibia is struggling with the lack of a skilled workforce and the lack of access to qualitative higher education has been identified as one of the prime causes. ICTs have been identified as a potential enabler for an increased access and quality of education in Namibia. This study employed a qualitative approach to examining the success factors and challenges that applies to e-learning at the University of Namibia (UNAM). The study identified a multitude of critical factors within 5 different areas: i) Access, ii) User motivation, -attitude and -awareness, iii) Systematic approach, iv) Evaluation and analytical challenges, and v) Transforming the education. This rapport will discuss the role of e-learning at UNAM, the factors that are critical for e-learning at the learning institution and how this correlate with previous findings made by the scientific community on similar issues.
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Frindt, Gertrud. "Bridging the gap between school and university: a case study of the University of Namibia's Access Programme." University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6618.

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Doctor Educationis
Without neglecting the broader scope of the phenomenon of student access, this study focuses mainly on student academic access. An Access Programme, initiated by the University of Namibia, is used as a case study in order to gain a contextual understanding of such programmes, and to identify and critically analyse both those factors which contribute to its success and those which hinder it. Theoretical perspectives on student access are provided in chapter 1. These shed some light on different notions of access, on the multiplicity of entry paths, on the various forms of access, the targets of access initiatives and the factors driving the need for widening access provision. Attention is also given to access barriers whereby alternative approaches and strategies to illuminate such barriers are provided. Personal interviews, questionnaires, observations and statistical data on student enrollments and end-of-year results, contribute to a triangulation of research methods so that the situation can be viewed from more than one viewpoint by using both quantitative and qualitative data. The study reveals that Access Programmes are increasingly recognized as necessary, and the need for them is likely to increase in future. Findings also reveal consensus on the need for epistemological access which places emphasis on learner success and throughput rates rather than access that is limited to admission and entry. While the study is not an evaluation of the particular Access Programme, the study does contribute to understanding of what makes for an effective Access Programme within the Namibian context and beyond.
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Iipinge, Reginald Kaleke. "An investigation into the perceptions of the first year mathematics students towards the alternative mode intervention : UNAM case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015669.

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A number of tertiary institutions offer bridging courses and intervention programmes in order to increase the number of students performing well in first year mathematics. At the university of Namibia, the science faculty provides educational opportunities to students who have not met the requirements to proceed with MAT 3511 (Basic Math). Unfortunately, the majority of students are not able to cope with the first year modules in Mathematics and the pass rates are unacceptably low. In the interest of supporting students, the University was prompted to introduce a two mode intervention programme in first year mathematics, namely: the normal mode and the alternative mode intervention. The alternative mode intervention was designed to improve the mathematics achievement of first year students who are considered low achieving or at risk of failure. This programme involves the identification of the lowest attainers in first year mathematics, and the provision of professional and faculty trained tutors and individualized teaching to these students in order to advance them to a level at which they are likely to learn successfully in a normal mode system. This research explores the experience and perceptions of first year students on the alternative mode, in particular as it relates to mathematical strands of proficiency. A second step was to explore how teaching contributes to the learning of mathematics on the intervention programme. The empirical investigation was done in 4 phases. A questionnaire on mathematics teaching and learning was given to the students during the first phase. During the second phase, two focus group discussions were conducted. Thereafter four interviews were carried out with lecturers, and finally tutorial and lecture observation were conducted. An analysis of these findings led to the identification of the students’ experiences on the alternative mode. Analysis of the results indicate that the students identified mathematical proficiency as the central element to their learning, and pedagogical knowledge and exploratory talk were critical aspects of good teaching in the mathematical intervention programme.
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Shiweda, Meameno Aileen. "Multilingual communication in a higher education classroom in Namibia where the dominant community language is Oshiwambo." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85751.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study refers to the use of two languages in education at a satellite campus of the University of Namibia situated in the far north of the country in the town of Ongwediva. The dominant community language in this region is Oshiwambo. The official language of the country, and of the particular university campus, is English. As the majority of students come from this region, the dominant first language on this campus among staff and students is Oshiwambo. This research gives a description of multilingualism prevalent among individuals and in the community on this particular campus; it also explains some of the characterising features of a plurilingual community of practice in this higher education (HE) institution. This thesis gives a description of communicative practices in a multilingual classroom at the particular HE institution in this rural town. It aims to document how practices of code-switching between Oshiwambo and English are used in facilitating (or hindering) learning as this becomes manifest in classroom discourse. Also, it aims to explain the kind of mobility that is enabled and sometimes also enforced by linguistic diversity within a community such as the one investigated here on the Hifikepunye Pohamba campus in Ongwediva. Findings of this study provide evidence that most lecturers and students, even many of foreign origin, alternate between two languages, namely between Oshiwambo and English. Although the practice of code switching is neither unusual nor discouraged, the data indicates that is occurs much less in formal classroom discourse than in informal discourse and in smaller group discussions. Observed and recorded presentations by the lecturer are done in English and responses by students in the lecture are given largely in English. Code switching from English to Oshiwambo happens when students need to articulate themselves more precisely than their English proficiency allows. Such code switching also serves other purposes such as including and excluding other conversants, mediating new knowledge, changing tone, etc. L1 speakers of languages other than Oshiwambo do at times experience social isolation, and exclusion in collaborative learning. Nevertheless, many informally acquire proficiency in Oshiwambo and so are accommodated into the educational discourse. The mobility of the local Namibian population as well as that of people from neighbouring countries, enhances the multilingualism which has to be accommodated in lectures and in out-of-classroom interaction. In spite of multilingual repertoires, the participants in the study all ascribe to a model of “double monolingualism” in that they regard their linguistic repertoires not as intersecting language systems, but as separate systems with distinct functions in different contexts. Their linguistic practices, however, display much more unconscious integration of the variety of languages they know. The study finds that it is vital for educators to take cognisance of these findings in order to make better use of the linguistic resources of the communities represented among lecturers and students.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie gee aandag aan die gebruik van twee tale in onderrig by ʼn satellietkampus van die Universiteit van Namibië, wat in die verre noorde van die land geleë is, in die dorp Ongwediva. Die dominante streektaal wat hierdie gemeenskap gebruik, is Oshiwambo. Die amptelike taal van die land, en van die betrokke universiteitskampus, is Engels. Aangesien die meerderheid van die studente uit die streek kom, is die mees gebruikte eerstetaal onder personeel en studente op hierdie kampus, Oshiwambo. Hierdie tesis beskryf die veeltaligheid wat aangetref word onder individue en binne die gemeenskap van hierdie hoër onderwys inrigting; dit gee ook ʼn uiteensetting van enkele karakteriserende eienskappe van ʼn meertalige gemeenskap wat gekonstitueer word op grond van gemeenskaplike praktyke aan hierdie hoër onderwys inrigting. Die tesis gee ʼn beskrywing van kommunikatiewe gebruike in ʼn veeltalige klaskamer by die betrokke inrigting vir hoër onderwys in die plattelandse dorp. Dit beoog die dokumentering van kodewisselingspraktyke tussen Oshiwambo en Engels soos dit in klaskamerdiskoerse voorkom in die fasilitering (of belemmering) van leer. Dit beoog verder om die soort mobiliteit te verduidelik wat moontlik gemaak word, en soms ook afgedwing word deur veeltaligheid binne ʼn gemeenskap soos die een wat hier aan die Hifikepunye Pohamba kampus in Ongwediva ondersoek word. Die bevindinge van die ondersoek wys daarop dat die meeste dosente en studente, selfs baie wat van vreemde herkoms is, afwisselend twee tale, nl. Oshiwambo en Engels, gebruik. Alhoewel die praktyk van kodewisseling nie ongewoon is nie, en ook nie ontmoedig word nie, toon die data dat dit minder dikwels in die formele klaskamerdiskoers voorkom as in informele diskoerse en in kleiner groepbesprekings. Klasaanbiedinge van die dosent wat waargeneem en opgeneem is, sowel as terugvoer van die studente in die lesing is grootliks in Engels gedoen. Kodewisseling van Engels na Oshiwambo vind plaas as studente voel dat hulle iets meer presies wil verwoord as wat hulle Engels-taalvaardigheid toelaat. Sodanige kodewisseling het ook ander funksies, soos die insluiting of uitsluiting van ander gespreksgenote, die bemiddeling van nuwe kennis, ʼn verandering in toon, en dergelike. Eerstetaalsprekers van ander tale as Oshiwambo ervaar wel van tyd tot tyd dat hulle geïsoleer word, en dat hulle by gesamentlike leer-praktyke uitgesluit word. Nogtans verwerf baie van die nie-Oshiwambosprekendes informeel kennis van Oshiwambo sodat hulle dan wel in die opvoedkundige diskoers geakkommodeer word. Die mobiliteit van die plaaslike Namibiese bevolking sowel as dié van mense uit buurlande, lei tot groter voorkoms van veeltaligheid wat in lesings en in die buite-klaskamer interaksie geakkommodeer moet word. Ten spyte van talige repertoires wat meer tale as net twee insluit, werk die deelnemers aan hierdie studie deurgaans met ʼn model waarna verwys word as “dubbele eentaligheid” (“double monolingualism”), wat inhou dat hulle hul kennis van verskeie tale nie verstaan as oorvleuelende, gemeenskaplik funksionerende stelsels nie, maar as aparte stelsels met verskillende funksies in verskillende kontekste. Hulle talige gebruike vertoon egter heelwat meer onbewuste integrasie van die verskeidenheid tale wat hulle ken. Die studie vind dit noodsaaklik dat opvoedkundiges kennis neem van hierdie bevindinge ten einde beter gebruik te maak van die taalbronne van die onderskeie gemeenskappe wat deur die dosente en studente verteenwoordig word.
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Kauppila, O. (Osmo). "Integrated quality evaluation in higher education." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526211862.

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Abstract The role of higher education as an essential component of the productive economy has been emphasized in the 21stcentury, resulting in a constant need to demonstrate compliance and excellence to various stakeholders. To achieve this, a large variety of internal and external evaluation processes have been developed. However, to connect these evaluations with continuous improvement has often proved challenging due to factors arising from organizational complexity. This compilation dissertation examines how various quality evaluations in higher education could be integrated in a meaningful and synergistic manner. Integration is analyzed both horizontally across the three missions of the university, as well as vertically ranging from external evaluations to self-assessment. The four research articles each support this whole from a different viewpoint. The results of the articles are complemented by a literature review of chosen relevant topics on quality management and evaluation in higher education. The results of this work suggest that a planned process of evaluations starting from the institution level could help evaluations build upon each other and to drive continuous improvement. A holistic view on evaluation and evaluation criteria could be of use in avoiding sub-optimization and ensuring that issues such as stakeholder engagement and societal impact are included in evaluations. The integration of evaluations would constitute a part of integrating an institution’s management system and advance unity of effort. The ubiquitous concept of excellence can be seen as linking factor in integration, and an excellence award model was used as an example of a holistic evaluation framework. The theoretical contribution of this study contributes in the discussion regarding quality evaluation, excellence and the integration of management activities in higher education. For practitioners this dissertation work provides both practical tools arising from the results of the research articles, as well as a synthesis of theoretical and practical issues that should be accounted for when developing quality evaluation approaches in institutions of higher education
Tiivistelmä Korkeakoulujen rooli tuottavan talouden olennaisena osana on korostunut uudella vuosituhannella. Tästä on seurannut jatkuva tarve osoittaa vaatimustenmukaisuutta ja erinomaisuutta eri sidosryhmille. Tämän seurauksena on kehitetty suuri määrä erilaisia sisäisiä ja ulkoisia arviointiprosesseja. Kuitenkin näiden prosessien yhdistäminen toiminnan jatkuvan kehittämiseen on usein osoittautunut haastavaksi johtuen organisatorisesta monimutkaisuudesta. Tässä kokoomaväitöskirjassa tarkastellaan, kuinka erityyppisiä laadunarviointeja korkeakoulutuksessa voitaisiin integroida mielekkäällä ja synergistisellä tavalla. Integraatiota tarkastellaan niin horisontaalisesti yliopiston kolmen tehtävän läpi, kuin myös vertikaalisesti ulkoisista arvioinneista itsearviointiin. Väitöskirjaan liittyvät tutkimusartikkelit tukevat tätä tutkimusongelmaa eri näkökulmista. Kirjallisuuskatsaus tukee artikkelien tuloksia valittujen laatujohtamisen ja arvioinnin aiheiden tarkastelun kautta. Tämän työn tuloksien mukaan suunnitelmallinen arviointikokonaisuus lähtien korkeakoulutasolta voisi tukea arviointien tulosten kumuloitumista ja edistää jatkuvaa kehittämistä. Holistinen näkökulma arviointiin ja arviointikriteereihin voisi ehkäistä osaoptimointia ja varmistaa, että seikkoihin kuten sidosryhmien osallistuminen ja yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus huomioidaan arvioinneissa. Arviointien integrointi tukisi osaltaan korkeakoulun johtamisjärjestelmän integrointia ja edistäisi yhteisiin tavoitteisiin pyrkimistä. Erinomaisuuden yleistynyttä käsitettä voidaan pitää yhdistävänä tekijänä integraation toteutumisessa, ja siihen perustuvaa laatupalkintomallia käytettiin työssä esimerkkinä holistisesta arviointimallista. Väitöskirjatyön teoreettinen kontribuutio liittyy korkeakoulujen laadunarvioinnin, erinomaisuuden ja johtamistoimien integroinnin tieteelliseen keskusteluun. Käytännön työn kannalta tutkimustulokset tarjoavat käytännön työkaluja artikkelien tulosten kautta, sekä yhdistelmän teoreettisista ja käytännön seikoista jotka tulisi huomioida korkeakoulun laadunarviointia kehitettäessä
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Shawa, Lester Brian. "Can higher education policy frameworks engender quality higher education in Malawian universities?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21793.

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Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Through policy document analyses and in-depth semi-structured interviews, this thesis examines the potential of higher education policy frameworks to engender quality university education in Malawian universities. Pertinent to the fast-growing higher education sector in Malawi is the connection between higher education policy frameworks and quality delivery of university education. Education policy frameworks in Malawi are mainly a response to the government’s broad policy of poverty alleviation. Thus this thesis argues that quality university education ought to contribute to poverty alleviation especially by assisting the country to achieve its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to implement the initiatives of the New Economic Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). To engender quality university education that could help to alleviate poverty in Malawi, this thesis through Habermasian critical inquiry proposes that quality ought to be the corollary of defensible higher education policy frameworks, policy documents need to delineate quality parameters, access to university education needs to be increased and, inevitably, discursive or deliberative higher education policy making ought to be given primacy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aan die hand van beleidsdokumentontleding en diepgaande, semigestruktureerde onderhoude, ondersoek hierdie tesis die potensiaal van hoëronderwysbeleidsraamwerke om gehalte universiteitsonderrig in Malawiese universiteite teweeg te bring. Van besondere belang vir die snelgroeiende hoëronderwyssektor in Malawi is die verband tussen hoëronderwysbeleidsraamwerke en die lewering van gehalte universiteitsonderrig. Malawiese onderwysbeleidsraamwerke is hoofsaaklik 'n reaksie op die regering se omvattende armoedeverligtingsbeleid. Daarom voer hierdie tesis aan dat gehalte universiteitsonderrig tot armoedeverligting behoort by te dra, veral deur die land te help om sy millenniumontwikkelingsdoelwitte (MOD’s) te bereik en die inisiatiewe van die Nuwe Vennootskap vir Afrika-ontwikkeling (NEPAD) in werking te stel. Ten einde gehalte universiteitsonderrig teweeg te bring wat armoede in Malawi kan help verlig, doen hierdie tesis deur Habermasiese kritiese ondersoek aan die hand dat gehalte die uitvloeisel van verdedigbare hoëronderwysbeleidsraamwerke moet wees, dat beleidsdokumente gehaltegrense moet neerlê, dat toegang tot universiteitsonderrig verbeter moet word, en dat beredeneerde of oorwoë hoëronderwysbeleidbepaling onafwendbaar voorrang behoort te geniet.
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Kapalu, Henry. "The role of school-based studies in developing reflective practice at a Namibian College of Education." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003635.

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This investigation looks at the role played by school-based studies in the development of reflective practice among student teachers at a Namibian college of education. Literature reviewed indicates that reflective practice helps teachers continually grow and enhance their professional insights and practices. The study focused on the perceptions and experiences of a group of teacher educators, support teachers and student teachers involved in a particular teacher education programme. A case study was chosen, and built up using an interpretive paradigm. This enabled the researcher to make meaning of information often taken for granted. Triangulation was used to ensure the development of as broad and authentic a picture of the case as possible. Key findings reveal that despite claims that Namibia’s three-year Basic Education Teacher Diploma programme (BETD) is explicitly designed to facilitate the development of critical reflective and reflexive practice in student teachers, the way in which aspects of the programme are implemented frequently undermines this design intention. A lack of careful and explicit mentoring on the importance of reflection for enhancing teaching, plus a measure of distrust between student teachers and teacher educators prevents college students from fully exploiting the opportunities afforded by school-based studies for the development of reflective skills.
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Tjitemisa, Collin Kavetjindire. "Higher education and teacher education in Namibia : a case study of the former Windhoek College of Education's merger with the Faculty of Education at the University of Namibia." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682356.

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The global expansion of higher education builds on the progress made in achieving universal primary and secondary education. Institutions of higher education prepare employees with academic knowledge, professional and technical skills and to undertake research to develop and Support the knowledge-economy. Similarly, teacher education research plays a central role in the training of teachers so that they can prepare learners for the challenges of the changing world. Many countries, including small developing states such as Namibia, have therefore, embarked on improving the performance of their education systems by enhancing the quality, and increasing the quantity of qualified teachers. In the light of these trends, and insights derived from the related international literature on higher education in small states, this study examines the merger of the former Windhoek College of Education (WeE) with the Faculty of Education at the National University of Namibia (UNAM). The study draws upon the helmeneuticlinterpretive paradigm and adopts a largely qualitative and case study research strategy. Empirical data were gathered through the analysis of documentary materials, field observations, qualitative interviews, focus group discussions and by drawing upon my own experiential knowledge as a teacher and lecturer in post-independent Namibia. The findings suggest that the merger process has both strengths and challenges for teacher education in Namibia. In terms of strengths, the merger has expanded access to university programmes and has unified and improved the quality of teacher education programmes. The merger has also introduced more effective quality control measures, and this enables teacher education programmes offered in the country to meet international standards. The challenges focus upon the short time period allowed for the process; difficulties with the management oflabour related issues; loss ofthe former college identity, history and culture; and imbalances between theory and practice within the new degree programme. The new degree programme also helped to increase teachers' salaries and the budget allocation for this, but it has also had a negative impact on UNAM's finances and the rating and quality ofthe university programmes. Most of the lecturers from the former WeE, who joined UNAM, were not qualified to teach at the university level. As a result, the university had to upgrade the qualifications of some lecturers from the former WCE through staff development programmes. UNAM also had to renovate the facilities at the former weE and this has been a costly process. Further, UNAM is a research oriented institution and this raises concerns over its capacity to train enough teachers for the primary sector. This contributed to a recent shortage of teachers in Namibia and subsequently the reintroduction of a diploma programme for teachers in January 2014. In concluding, it is m;gued that these findings are consistent with the international literature, which acknowledges that many governments have shifted their agendas and priorities towards improving the quality of education through improved programmes of teacher education. The conclusions also consider implications for future policy and practice in Namibia, for teacher education and higher education at UNAM and at the national level, for the international literature on higher education in small states and for future research.
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Shingenge, Hans Silvanus. "Evaluation of the In-Service Basic Education Teacher Diploma Programme in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20941.

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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The In-Service Basic Education Teacher Diploma Programme (BETD Inset Programme) is a Namibian educational programme under the Ministry of Basic Education, Sport and Culture. It is a unified general preparation for unqualified and partly qualified teachers in Basic Education, with opportunities for specialisation in both phases of schooling and in subject areas. It seeks to strike a balance between professional insight, skills and subject knowledge. A process of evaluation was implemented to assess the programme management and the programme workers’ knowledge, skills and expertise, including their choice of methodology for implementing the BETD Inset Programme. The aim of the programme evaluation was to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of the BETD Inset Programme. The problem statement of this study takes as its point of departure the prevalence of development programmes that are not implemented in an effective and sustainable manner, particularly in Third World countries. Many researchers and scholars have identified programme management as crucial to the effective implementation of development programmes. It is in response to this argument that this researcher decided to conduct a study on the National Institution for Educational Development (NIED)’s implementation of the BETD Inset Programme. The objective was to establish whether the existing programme management strategy implements the BETD Inset Programme effectively, and to explore the possibilities of recommending supporting strategy. This study also referred to the issue of gender balance in the appointment of BETD Inset Programme management staff. Qualitative methodology was used to obtain information from the BETD Inset Unit and Regional Education Offices, who play an important role in the implementation process of the BETD Inset Programme. The senior managers were interviewed and they provided information about the BETD Inset Unit management structures and the objectives achieved during the BETD Inset Programme implementation process. The implementation process plans set by the NIED were based on terms of reference provided by the Ministry of Basic Education, Sport and Culture to determine their effectiveness in achieving the set objectives. The literature review of this study reflects the conceptual categories identified from an overview of programme management objectives in development programmes and distance education programmes. These conceptual categories are based on management models that are useful for programme management evaluation. The conceptual categories point out characteristics fundamental to the effective implementation of the BETD Inset Programme. These characteristics were used to formulate measuring criteria, and they formed the basis for the analysis of the study’s results in chapter 5. BETD Inset Programme is defined as a distance education programme. It was deduced that the BETD Inset Programme faced a number of challenges, and that consequently the NIED management had to implement the programme with a limited infrastructure and work force. All these challenges are linked to one major factor, which is the lack of sufficient resources required for the effective implementation of the BETD Inset Programme in a sustainable manner. This study recommends that a strategy for potential stakeholder participation should be redesigned and effectively implemented, in order to secure sufficient resources to support the programme in a sustainable manner.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma (BOOD-Insetprogram) is ’n Namibiese onderwysprogram onder leiding van die Ministerie van Basiese Onderrig, Sport en Kultuur. Dit is ’n samevattende algemene voorbereiding vir ongekwalifiseerde en deels-gekwalifiseerde onderwysers in Basiese Onderrig, met geleenthede vir spesialisering beide in skolingsfases en vakgebiede. As algemene doelstelling streef dit na ’n balans tussen professionele insig, vaardighede en vakkennis. Program-evaluering is gedoen ten einde die programbestuur en -werkers te beoordeel volgens hulle kennis, vaardighede en kundigheid, insluitend hulle keuse van metodiek vir die implementering van die BOOD-Insetprogram. Die mikpunt was om die effektiwiteit en volhoubaarheid van die BOOD-Insetprogram te bepaal. Die probleemstelling van die studie is daarop gebaseer dat ontwikkelingsprogramme, spesifiek in Derdewêreldlande, nie effektief en op ’n volhoubare manier geïmplementeer word nie. Navorsers en studente het die bestuur van ontwikkelingsprogramme as die sleutel tot die effektiewe implementering daarvan geïdentifiseer. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die navorser ’n studie onderneem het oor hoe die Nasionale Instelling vir Opvoedkundige Ontwikkeling die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma implementeer. Die doelwit was om vas te stel of die bestaande strategie vir programbestuur die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma effektief implementeer, en ook om ’n moontlike ondersteuningstrategie voor te stel. Die studie het ook die kwessie van geslagsbalans aangeraak ten opsigte van poste wat beklee word deur bestuurspersoneel wat die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma implementeer. ’n Kwalitatiewe metode is gebruik om inligting te verkry vanaf BOOD-Implementeringseenhede en Onderwysstreekkantore wat ’n sleutelrol vervul in die implementeringsproses van die BOOD-Aanvangsprogram. Onderhoude is gevoer met lede van die topbestuur wat ook inligting verskaf het oor die BOOD-Inseteenheid se bestuurstrukture, en doelwitte wat in die implementeringsproses van die BOOD-Insetprogram bereik is. Implementeringsplanne, daargestel deur die Nasionale Instelling vir Opvoedkundige Ontwikkeling aan die hand van riglyne van die Ministerie van Basiese Onderrig, Sport en Kultuur, word gebruik om vas te stel hoe effektief hulle hulle doelwitte bereik. ’n Literatuur-oorsig vir hierdie studie weerspieël die konseptuele kategorieë wat geïdentifiseer kan word uit die gesamentlike bestuursdoelwitte van ontwikkelingsprogramme en afstandsonderrigprogramme. Hierdie konseptuele kategorieë is gebaseer op bestuursmodelle wat ook aangewend kan word vir die evaluering van programbestuur. Die konseptuele kategorieë identifiseer fundamentele kenmerke vir die effektiewe implementering van die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma. Hierdie kenmerke is gebruik om evalueringskriteria te formuleer asook die basis daar te stel vir die ontleding van die studie se resultate in hoofstuk 5. Die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma word getipeer as ’n afstandsonderrigprogram. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma uitdagings in die gesig staar wat die bestuur van die Nasionale Instelling vir Opvoedkundige Ontwikkeling noop om die program met beperkte infrastruktuur en menslike hulpbronne te implementeer. Al hierdie uitdagings hou verband met een hooffaktor, naamlik die gebrek aan voldoende hulpbronne vir die effektiewe en volhoubare implementering van die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma. Die studie stel voor dat ’n strategie herontwerp en effektief geïmplementeer word vir deelname deur potensiële belanghebbendes ten einde voldoende hulpbronne te verseker om die program op ’n volhoubare wyse te ondersteun.
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Books on the topic "Education, Higher – Namibia – Evaluation"

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Wils, Annababette. Regional education analysis for Namibia. Republic of Namibia, 2012.

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Quality in higher education. Sense, 2011.

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Darwin, Stephen. Student Evaluation in Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41893-3.

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Balula, Ana, and António Moreira. Evaluation of Online Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05425-4.

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(Namibia), National Council for Higher Education. Quality assurance system for higher education in Namibia. NCHE Secretariat, 2009.

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Wnuk-Lipińska, Elżbieta, and Maria Wójcicka. Quality review in higher education. Centre for Science Policy and Higher Education, University of Warsaw, 1995.

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National Council for Higher Education (Namibia). The quest for coordination of the higher education system in Namibia. National Council for Higher Education, 2010.

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Connecticut. General Assembly. Legislative Program Review and Investigations Committee. Performance monitoring in higher education. Connecticut General Assembly, Legislative Program Review and Investigations Committee, 1994.

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Namibia. Investing in people, developing a country: Higher education for development in Namibia. Gamsberg Macmillan, 1999.

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G, West E. Higher education and competitiveness. Queen's University, Government and Competitiveness, School of Policy Studies, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Education, Higher – Namibia – Evaluation"

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Hangula, Lazarus, Kenneth Kamwi Matengu, Gilbert Likando, and Rachel N. Shanyanana. "Higher Education Systems and Institutions, Namibia." In The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education Systems and Institutions. Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8905-9_464.

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Hangula, Lazarus, Kenneth Kamwi Matengu, Gilbert Likando, and Rachel N. Shanyanana. "Higher Education Systems and Institutions, Namibia." In Encyclopedia of International Higher Education Systems and Institutions. Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9553-1_464-1.

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Harvey, Lee, and Jethro Newton. "Transforming Quality Evaluation: Moving On." In Higher Education Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6012-0_9.

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Baker, Dana Lee, and Brandon Leonard. "Learning Evaluation." In Neuroethics in Higher Education Policy. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59020-6_5.

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Federkeil, Gero, Frans A. van Vught, and Don F. Westerheijden. "An Evaluation and Critique of Current Rankings." In Higher Education Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3005-2_4.

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Padilla, Luis Alberto. "Sustainability Evaluation." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability in Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63951-2_76-1.

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Padilla, Luis Alberto. "Sustainability Evaluation." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability in Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11352-0_76.

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Chmielecka, Ewa, and Marcin Dąbrowski. "Accreditation and Evaluation in Poland: Concepts, Developments and Trends." In Higher Education Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2797-0_17.

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Hamann, Julian, and Stefan Beljean. "Academic Evaluation in Higher Education." In The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education Systems and Institutions. Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8905-9_295.

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Hamann, Julian, and Stefan Beljean. "Academic Evaluation in Higher Education." In Encyclopedia of International Higher Education Systems and Institutions. Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9553-1_295-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Education, Higher – Namibia – Evaluation"

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Sari, Ratna, Togar Alam Napitupulu, and Rudy. "Evaluation Blended Learning Model in Higher Education." In 2018 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimtech.2018.8528115.

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Li, Wuwei, Hongliang Wang, Yueru Wei, Jing Gao, and Bing Cao. "Grey Relational Evaluation on Higher Education Informatization." In 2009 Second International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kam.2009.146.

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Yong, Shengren, Yifan Wang, and Haoyu Zhang. "Higher Education Evaluation System Based on NET." In 2021 6th International Conference on Smart Grid and Electrical Automation (ICSGEA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgea53208.2021.00075.

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Ran, Bi, and Zhong Qichen. "Economic Benefit Evaluation System of Higher Education." In 2020 International Conference on Robots & Intelligent System (ICRIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icris52159.2020.00076.

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Moltó-Aribau, Margarita, Ana Tena-Tarruella, and Ana Vendrell-Vilanova. "Evaluation competency-based in Internship: especial reference to evaluation rubric and final reports." In HEAd'15. Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head15.2015.411.

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Alegre, Ines, and Jasmina Berbegal-Mirabent. "Evaluation Systems in Online Environments." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13026.

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One of the biggest challenges of online teaching is student evaluation. With the students not being physically present, assessing their level of knowledge on a subject presents different challenges than those tradionally encountered in face-to-face teaching. In this paper we present an overview of different evaluation systems and reflect about its advantages and disadvantages when applying them in online environments.The most common evaluation systems: multiple-choice quizzes, open question exams, essays, projects and oral exams, are ranked depending on several criteria. Criteria include items that any professor should take into consideration such as easiness of design and preparation or difficulty of student cheating. The advantages and downsides of each evaluation system are presented and several mechanisms to mitigate the disatvanges of each method are proposed.This paper is helpful to professors and teachers, specially in the current situation where the Covid-19 pandemic has moved most high-education teaching online.
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"Consumer Evaluation of Quality of Education Services in Higher Education." In 16th European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance. ACPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/elg.20.005.

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Soeiro, Dina, Antonio Dias de Figueiredo, and Joaquim Armando Gomes Ferreira. "Student empowerment in higher education through participatory evaluation." In 2011 Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2011.6142817.

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Yuanzheng Nan. "Research on evaluation of higher education investment efficiency." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6010724.

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Sun, Fujiang. "Higher Education Quality Evaluation: A Game-Theory Approach." In 2015 7th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itme.2015.91.

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Reports on the topic "Education, Higher – Namibia – Evaluation"

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Puukka, Jaana, and Richard Yelland. Review of Higher Education Institutes in Regional Development. Guidelines for the self-evaluation Report 2008-2010. OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2008.147.

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Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, and Francisco Gallego. Removing barriers to higher education in Chile: evaluation of peer effects and scholarships for test preparation. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/ow2167.

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DeBarger, Angela, and Geneva Haertel. Evaluation of Journey to El Yunque: Final Report. The Learning Partnership, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/report.2006.1.

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This report describes the design, implementation and outcomes of the initial version of the NSF-funded Journey to El Yunque curriculum, released in 2005. As formative evaluators, the role of SRI International was to document the development of the curriculum and to collect empirical evidence on the impact of the intervention on student achievement. The evaluation answers four research questions: How well does the Journey to El Yunque curriculum and accompanying assessments align with the National Science Education Standards for content and inquiry? How do teachers rate the effectiveness of the professional development workshop in teaching them to use the Journey to El Yunque curriculum and assessment materials? How do teachers implement the Journey to El Yunque curriculum? To what extent does the Journey to El Yunque curriculum increase students’ understanding ofecology and scientific inquiry abilities? The evaluators concluded that Journey to El Yunque is a well-designed curriculum and assessment replacement unit that addresses important science content and inquiry skills. The curriculum and assessments are aligned to life science content standards and key ecological concepts, and materials cover a broad range of these standards and concepts. Journey to El Yunque students scored significantly higher on the posttest than students learning ecology from traditional means with effect size 0.20.
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Kastelliz, Dietlinde, and Achim Hopbach. Evaluierung der Pädagogischen Hochschulen. Thematische Analyse. AQ Austria - Agentur für Qualitätssicherung und Akkreditierung Austria, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2018.505.

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In 2016/2017, AQ Austria conducted external evaluations at ten universities of teacher education, which had to be completed for the first time by 1 October 2017 in accordance with the Higher Education Evaluation Ordinance (HEV). For a further three universities it provided individual services within the framework of such evaluations. AQ Austria was commissioned by the universities of teacher education to conduct the evaluations. In this report, AQ Austria presents selected findings and assessments of the provisions for quality assurance at universities of teacher education that it gained in the course of conducting the evaluations.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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