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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Education in neurosurgery

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Academic literature on the topic 'Education in neurosurgery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Education in neurosurgery"

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Kim, Dong Gyu, Chul-Kee Park, and Sun Ha Paek. "Bo Sung Sim (1924–2001): a pioneer of neurosurgery in Korea." Journal of Neurosurgery 105, no. 3 (2006): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.105.3.494.

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✓ Bo Sung Sim (1924–2001) stands as a prominent figure in the history of Korean neurosurgery. His devoted contributions have led to the fruitful development of modern neurosurgery in Korea. Sim practiced advanced neurosurgical techniques, undertook basic research, was passionate about education in the early years of neurosurgery in Korea, and played an essential role in founding the Korean Neurosurgical Society. Sim was a true neurosurgeon—a teacher, a scientist, and a superb pioneer in Korean neurosurgery.

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Akshulakov, Serik, Yerbol Makhambetov, Askhat Bralov, Talgat Pazylbekov, Nurtas Tursynov, and Karashash Menlibayeva. "Reaching the horizon and looking beyond: neurosurgery education in Kazakhstan." Neurosurgical Focus 48, no. 3 (2020): E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.12.focus19790.

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Neurosurgery education in Kazakhstan has 55 years of history. The first neurosurgery department was established in 1964 in the city of Almaty, South Kazakhstan (the former capital of Kazakhstan). The department was headed by the pioneer of Kazakhstani neurosurgeons, Prof. Yevgeniya Azarova. A new neurosurgery education system was adopted after a while. To date, 4 medical universities and 1 neurosurgical center in Kazakhstan have a neurosurgery department that prepares around 10 neurosurgeons annually. The country’s populations are currently served by more than 300 neurosurgeons. However, isolated regions lack neurosurgical services and a specialized medical workforce. Urbanization results in inequality of receiving medical care among rural and regional inhabitants.To develop and strengthen the neurosurgery services, the National Center for Neurosurgery was opened in the heart of the country. The center has placed great importance on the development of neurosurgery and neurosurgical education in Kazakhstan. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, Asian Congress of Neurosurgeons, and International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery have held many international meaningful events on neurosurgery at the center. Opened in 2008, the neurosurgery center has prepared 41 neurosurgeons in the residency program. This article seeks to provide readers with an understanding of the state of neurosurgery education in Kazakhstan and its development history.

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Kovalenko, R. A., V. Yu Cherebillo, Yu V. Mukhitova, E. R. Isayeva, F. A. Chemurzieva, and S. N. Valchuk. "Sexism in Russian neurosurgery." Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery), no. 6 (May 11, 2021): 475 (488)—482 (494). http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2106-07.

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The work is devoted to the study of the issue of gender inequality in Russian neurosurgery. Materials and methods: the study is based on an anonymous survey of neurosurgeons working in Russia. The authors have developed 2 questionnaires, different for men and women. 103 certified neurosurgeons were interviewed, 53 of them were men and 50 — women. Results: on average, male neurosurgeons were older, with more work experience, more often had a medical category (p <0.05) and performed a greater number of independent operations (p <0.01). In all the same questions characterizing the perception of the image of a female neurosurgeon, significant differences were revealed between men and women (p <0.01). Women do not feel less trust in the quality of their work because of their gender, but throughout their medical education and work, they regularly face the notion that neurosurgery is not a suitable profession for women. Harassment is not a typical phenomenon in Russian neurosurgery. Among the authors of articles in the 5 most cited Russian neurosurgical journals for 2016–2018, there were 20.7 % women; 15 % of the first authors were women. Conclusions: female neurosurgeons in Russia face manifestations of gender discrimination in the professional environment, which is an additional obstacle to becoming a neurosurgeon. The perception of the image of a female neurosurgeon differs significantly among neurosurgeons, depending on their gender. English version of the article on pp. 488-494 is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/sexism-in-russian-neurosurgery/70193.html

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Ajisebutu, Andrew, Marc R. Del Bigio, Colin J. Kazina, Michael West, and Demitre Serletis. "Dr. Dwight Parkinson: a Canadian neurosurgical pioneer." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 4 (2020): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.6.jns19262.

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In 1950, Dwight Parkinson was the first qualified neurosurgeon to arrive in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He played a monumental role in developing one of the earliest neurosurgical training programs in Western Canada. Parkinson was a pioneering neurosurgeon who served as the first president of the Canadian Neurosurgical Society in 1965. He was the epitome of the skull base neurosurgeon, which was not recognized as a distinct discipline at that time. He contributed to its development through detailed neuroanatomical study of the lateral sellar compartment (housing the parasellar venous plexus, a term he emphasized as more accurate than “cavernous sinus”). Parkinson also made seminal contributions to the management of cerebrovascular disease and offered new insights on cerebral concussion. Parkinson’s dedication to clinical excellence and education laid a cornerstone for the development of neurosurgery and the neurosciences in Manitoba, making him a key figure in Canadian neurosurgery. Using published materials, online resources, hospital archives, and personal interviews, the authors conducted a systematic review of Parkinson’s formative years, his development of the Section of Neurosurgery at the University of Manitoba, his achievements, and his legacy. This updated biography captures the exploits of this remarkable, and at times strictly disciplinarian, neurosurgeon-anatomist.

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Silva, Gilvan Aguiar da, and Elton Gomes da Silva. "Book Review - Do No Harm: Stories of Life, Death and Brain Surgery." Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 39, no. 01 (2018): 033–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1639498.

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AbstractIn the present article, we review the book Do No Harm: Stories of Life, Death and Brain Surgery, by British neurosurgeon Dr. Henry Marsh, a book that can offer a significant contribution to medical education regarding the ethics and vocation for neurosurgery.

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Deylami, Mansour, Maryam Ziyaei, Roohie Farzaneh, et al. "Bibliometric Analysis of Neurosurgery Education From 1962 to 2023." Iranian Journal of Neurosurgery 10 (February 17, 2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.32598/irjns.10.16.

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Background and Aim: Evaluating our scientific trend and patterns in the education of neurosurgery can benefit in determining the needs and the future of the research path, therefore we performed a bibliometric analysis in the Web of Science (WoS) dataset. Methods and Materials/Patients: This was a bibliometric study of literature for studies on neurosurgery education. The WoS database was used for this study. The collected dataset was entered into the R shiny package of bibliometrics and was used for data analysis. Annual scientific production, citations, journals, and affiliation patterns were evaluated. Bradford’s and Lotka’s laws were used to interpret the patterns of contributions. Reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS) was used to find source literature articles. Results: From 1962 to 2023, 1740 articles from 266 journals were included in this study. The annual growth rate of publishing neurosurgery education studies was 8.16%. “World neurosurgery” and “neurosurgery” journals with 441 articles (25.34%) were in zone 1 based on Bradford’s law, showing inequality in publishers of neurosurgery education studies. Also, Lotka’s law showed author productivity inequality, with most authors (approximately 75.5%) having only contributed a single article, while an Indian researcher has authored 28 articles as well as some other researchers with more than 20 articles. The USA led the way with 775 articles. Historical origins of research stemmed from studies about the virtual model of the temporal bone, the depiction of neurosurgery in cinematic genres, and a realistic neurosurgical simulator. Seminal neurosurgery education research has focused on anatomy education using imaging methods, informing later developments in simulated learning approaches. Based on the RPYS, seminal neurosurgery education research has focused on anatomy education like using imaging methods, which has contributed to later developments in simulated learning. Conclusion: Bibliometric analysis of neurosurgery education literature reveals increasing annual production, inequality in publishing, and author productivity, identified with the USA’s leading contributions and diverse research origins.

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Di Rocco, Concezio. "International Education in Pediatric Neurosurgery." Pediatric Neurosurgery 37, no. 1 (2002): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000065095.

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Alexander, Eben. "Graduate medical education in neurosurgery." Surgical Neurology 27, no. 2 (1987): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-3019(87)90298-9.

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Leidinger, Andreas, Pablo Extremera, Eliana E. Kim, Mahmood M. Qureshi, Paul H. Young, and José Piquer. "The challenges and opportunities of global neurosurgery in East Africa: the Neurosurgery Education and Development model." Neurosurgical Focus 45, no. 4 (2018): E8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.7.focus18287.

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OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to describe the experience of a volunteering neurosurgeon during an 18-week stay at the Neurosurgery Education and Development (NED) Institute and to report the general situation regarding the development of neurosurgery in Zanzibar, identifying the challenges and opportunities and explaining the NED Foundation’s model for safe practice and sustainability.METHODSThe NED Foundation deployed the volunteer neurosurgeon coordinator (NC) for an 18-week stay at the NED Institute at the Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Stonetown, Zanzibar. The main roles of the NC were as follows: management of patients, reinforcement of weekly academic activities, coordination of international surgical camps, and identification of opportunities for improvement. The improvement opportunities were categorized as clinical, administrative, and sociocultural and were based on observations made by the NC as well as on interviews with local doctors, administrators, and government officials.RESULTSDuring the 18-week period, the NC visited 460 patients and performed 85 surgical procedures. Four surgical camps were coordinated on-site. Academic activities were conducted weekly. The most significant challenges encountered were an intense workload, deficient infrastructure, lack of self-confidence among local physicians, deficiencies in technical support and repairs of broken equipment, and lack of guidelines. Through a series of interviews, the sociocultural factors influencing the NED Foundation’s intervention were determined. Factors identified for success were the activity of neurosurgical societies in East Africa; structured pan-African neurosurgical training; the support of the Foundation for International Education in Neurological Surgery (FIENS) and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA); motivated personnel; and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar’s willingness to collaborate with the NED Foundation.CONCLUSIONSInternational collaboration programs should balance local challenges and opportunities in order to effectively promote the development of neurosurgery in East Africa. Support and endorsement should be sought to harness shared resources and experience. Determining the caregiving and educational objectives within the logistic, administrative, social, and cultural framework of the target hospital is paramount to success.

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El-Ghandour, Nasser M. F. "Neurosurgical education in Egypt and Africa." Neurosurgical Focus 48, no. 3 (2020): E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.12.focus19804.

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OBJECTIVEAfrica still significantly lags in the development of neurosurgery. Egypt, located in North Africa, is well-developed in this specialty, with the largest number of neurosurgeons among all African countries. This article provides insight into neurosurgical training in Egypt, the challenges African neurosurgeons are facing, and the requirements needed to enhance neurosurgical education and build up the required neurosurgical capacity in Africa.METHODSThe information presented in the current work was collected from databases of the Egyptian Society of Neurological Surgeons and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies.RESULTSThere are two types of neurosurgical certification in Egypt. The first type is granted by the universities (MD), and the second is awarded by the Ministry of Health (Fellow of Neurosurgery). The program in both types ranges from 6 to 9 years. The number of qualified neurosurgeons in Egypt constitutes one-third of the total number of African neurosurgeons. There is a significant shortage of neurological surgeons in Africa, and the distribution is entirely unbalanced, with the majority of neurosurgeons concentrated in the North and South regions. The most important challenge facing neurosurgery in Africa is lack of resources, which is considered to be the main obstacle to the development of neurosurgery. Other challenges include the limited number of neurosurgeons, lack of training programs, and lack of collaboration among the different regions.CONCLUSIONSProper collaboration among the different regions within the African continent regarding neurosurgical education will enhance African neurosurgical capacity and make neurosurgery an independent specialty. The definite functional polarity among different regions, regarding both the number of qualified neurosurgeons and the neurosurgical capacity, is an important factor that could help in the development of neurosurgery in this continent.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Education in neurosurgery"

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Nicholson, Marilyn Redmon. "The struggle for educational attainment a case study of the first African American female neurosurgeon /." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000053.

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Malempati, Harsha Sree. "Canadian Spine Surgery: A Review of Educational Objectives in Fellowship Training and Evaluation of Outcomes in Current Surgical Practice." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25861.

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There have been many advances in surgical residency education and similar interest exists in fellowship education. This study evaluated perceptions among spine surgeons about the specific competencies required for successful spine surgical fellowship training, and then compared these perceptions to clinical practice. Firstly, a questionnaire was administered to spine fellow trainees and academic spine surgeons across Canada in order to identify the cognitive and technical skills required for successful spine fellowship training. Fellowship trainees and supervisors had similar perceptions on the relative importance of specific cognitive and technical competencies. Differences in perceptions were found when comparing surgeons based on background residency specialty training (orthopaedic surgical or neurosurgical). Secondly, using administrative data, a retrospective study assessed volumes, surgeon characteristics, and outcomes for surgery of the degenerative lumbar spine in Ontario between 1995 and 2001. Neurosurgeons were found to perform more decompressions, and more total procedures, than orthopaedic surgeons with similar outcomes.

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Books on the topic "Education in neurosurgery"

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Ammar, Ahmed. Learning and Career Development in Neurosurgery: Values-Based Medical Education. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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Learning and Career Development in Neurosurgery: Values-Based Medical Education. Springer International Publishing AG, 2023.

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Zoia, Cesare, Bipin Chaurasia, and Daniele Bongetta, eds. Training and Education in Neurosurgery: Strategies and challenges for the next ten years. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-83250-059-0.

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Ebersole, John S., and Timothy A. Pedley. Current Practice of Clinical Electroencephalography. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

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Conley, Frances K. Walking Out on the Boys. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.

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Magalhães, Lucas Vilas Bôas. Semiologia neurológica moderna em 10 passos (Baseados em pacientes reais). Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-455-5.

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Educative, organized, modern and realistic. This book is different because it took 10 years to write and has a completely original system to teach how to care for patients with neurological, psychiatric and/or neuropsychiatric disorders. It is educative and organized since, after a review of the modern medical interview and the presentation of a proposal for a general physical examination – the physical approach examination (PAE) –, with its main trunk and branches (extra maneuvers, linked according to context), we structured the approach to the neurological patient in ten steps (chapters 3 to 12). Each step is developed using several clinical vignettes of real routine patients, the majority of whom were attended by the author. The idea is that the reader can be proficient in the elaboration of syndromic diagnoses and become able to correctly solve or direct the real cases. After each chapter, an overview of the key points is made. It is modern and realistic since, whenever possible and available, we inform the statistical performance of the interview and of the neurological physical examination maneuvers according to the precepts of evidence-based medicine. Only what should be used in daily practice is emphasized, excluding useless tests and maneuvers. The book can serve mainly as a guide to neurological (and psychiatric) semiology in undergraduate courses, but also as an introductory reading for medical residents in family medicine, psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery or neuropediatrics. It can also be useful for the continuing education of practicing physicians, especially those in Family Health Strategy.

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Book chapters on the topic "Education in neurosurgery"

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Dempsey, Robert J. "Service Through Education." In Global Neurosurgery. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41049-9_26.

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Dempsey, Robert J. "Continuing Medical Education in the Global World." In Global Neurosurgery. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41049-9_24.

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Kato, Yoko, Satoshi Kuroda, Rajeev Sharma, Ahmed Ansari, Dhananjaya I. Bhat, and B. Indira Devi. "Neurosurgery Education Around the World: Asia." In Neurosurgery and Global Health. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86656-3_14.

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McAlpine, Heidi, Edward Mee, John Laidlaw, Andrew Kaye, and Katharine Drummond. "Neurosurgery Education Around the World: Australasia." In Neurosurgery and Global Health. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86656-3_15.

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El Abbadi, Najia, Rime Al Baroudi, Abdesslam El Khamlichi, Mahmoud Qureshi, Kalango Kalangu, and Jeff Ntalaja. "Neurosurgery Education Around the World: Africa." In Neurosurgery and Global Health. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86656-3_13.

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Grotenhuis, André, Katarzyna Świątkowska-Wróblewska, Francesco Sala, and Marianne Juhler. "Neurosurgery Education Around the World: Europe." In Neurosurgery and Global Health. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86656-3_16.

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Raguž, Marina, Darko Orešković, Filip Derke, and Darko Chudy. "Next Generation Technologies in Functional Neurosurgery." In Mind, Brain and Education. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33013-1_10.

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Nettel-Rueda, Bárbara, Stephan A. Munich, Mojgan Hodaie, Sergio Moreno-Jiménez, and Richard W. Byrne. "Neurosurgery Education Around the World: North America." In Neurosurgery and Global Health. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86656-3_18.

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Batschkus, M. M. "Interactive Multimedia Software for Training and Education in Neurosurgery." In Training in Neurosurgery. Springer Vienna, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6860-8_37.

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Schroten, Egbert. "Professional Integrity: On Moral Education in Medicine." In Neurosurgery and Medical Ethics. Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6387-0_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Education in neurosurgery"

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Topalli, Damla, and Nergiz Ercil Cagiltay. "GAMIFICATION IN NEUROSURGERY EDUCATION." In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.2498.

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Liu, Yuan. "Virtual neurosurgical education for image-guided deep brain stimulation neurosurgery." In 2014 International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing (ICALIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalip.2014.7009869.

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Cai, Shuting, Yang Zhou, Jun Shen, Jing Guo, Xiaoming Xiong, and Xiaobing Jiang. "Augmented Reality Based Surgical Training and Education System for Neurosurgery." In 2022 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarm54641.2022.9959349.

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Joswig, H., A. Lavalley, L. Sprenger, et al. "Shunts: Is Surgical Education Safe?" In Joint Annual Meeting 2017: Swiss Society of Neurosurgery, Swiss Society of Neuroradiology. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603856.

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Maldaner, N., M. Sosnova, J. Sarnthein, O. Bozinov, L. Regli, and M. Stienen. "Burr Hole Trepanation for Chronic Subdural Hematomas: Is Surgical Education Safe?" In Joint Annual Meeting 2018: Swiss Society of Neurosurgery, Swiss Society of Neuroradiology. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660700.

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Yang, Tao. "An Application Research of CBL and PBL in the Neurosurgery Clinical Teaching." In 2016 3rd International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2016). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-16.2017.64.

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Motiwala, M., A. Kashkoush, T. Orr, et al. "E-258 Impact of neurosurgery research and education foundation vascular course on academic and career outcomes." In SNIS 21st Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnis-2024-snis.363.

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Marazzi, Thire Baggio Machado, Andressa Gomes Niederauer, Pedro Vitale Mendes, Gisele Sampaio Silva, Pedro Martins Pereira Kurtz, and Octávio Marques Pontes-Neto. "National survey on neurocritical care education in Brazil: preliminary data." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.334.

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Introduction: Neurocritical care (NCC) education involves integrating knowledge and skills from various complex areas. While the United States of America and Europe regulate didactic core training for medical residencies and fellowships, the quantity and the quality of such training in Brazil remain unclear. Objectives: To understand how NCC training is currently performed in Neurology, Neurosurgery and Intensive Care residencies in Brazil. Methods: A virtual survey was developed with 27 questions about the existence, duration, teaching method, quality of supervision and skills required in NCC training during medical residency. The planned sample was 390 answers. Results: 120 participants from 41 Institutions and 8 Brazilian states replied. Median age was 36 years (26–76 years). About 66% were neurologists and 25% intensivists. Of them, 57% had training in NCC, 65% as mandatory rotation, 60% lasting more than 4 weeks, predominantly in the first 2 years of the course (42 and 45% respectively). Training happened in general Intensive Care Units (48%) with 5–20 beds (65%) under the supervision of intensivists (66%). The methodology most used was bedside discussion (98%). Among procedures skills, more than 80% reported having performed central venous catheter insertion, orotracheal intubation and neuroimaging discussion. The least performed skills were transcranial doppler (21%), electroencephalogram interpretation (20%), neurological multimodal monitoring (25%). It was highlighted that after training, few participants feel comfortable with the following diagnoses: control of intracranial hypertension (48%), spinal cord injury (39%), care for potential donors (42%), post cardiac arrest care (52%). Conclusion: NCC education in Brazil is currently heterogeneous and at an early stage of development. Further studies are necessary to identify areas in need of improvement and promote advancements in the field.

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Leonel, Luciano, André de Sá Braga Oliveira, André Ribeiro, et al. "Design of a Novel Online Education Resource and Evaluation Tool for a Cranial Base Anatomical Dissection Program for Neurosurgery Residents: A Pilot Study." In 32nd Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1762022.

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Mota, Andreia, Maria Pires Lins e. Silva Lima, Julia de Oliveira, et al. "BASELINE CHARACTERIZATION OF DEMENTIA NUMBERS FROM A REFERENCE CENTER IN RECIFE, BRAZIL." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda108.

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Background: Globally, dementia numbers are increasing with a large contribution from low-income regions. Recife is a large city in Northeast Brazil, marked by social disparities and low literacy. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with dementia in a reference hospital in Recife. Methods: A single-center, descriptive and records-based analysis of patients with Dementia evaluated in a public clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Recife, between 2018-2019. Results: 59 patients were included. The mean age was 69 years old with 62% of women and 6 years of formal education. 46% of all cases were referred for evaluation from close cities. The mean Mini-mental state examination in the first consultation was 15/30 and a mean Pfeffer score of 21/30 (+ 9.8 SD). Hypertension (40%), Diabetes (71%), and Anxiety (85%) were frequent comorbidities. 75% had access to either CT (16/60) or MRI (39/60) and 12 individuals underwent SPECT and/or FDG-PET. Alzheimer’s dementia was diagnosed in 46% of patients and another 45% had criteria for mixed vascular and degenerative conditions. 18% presented with other neurodegenerative syndromes like FTD and Lewy bodies dementia. The mean follow-up time was 19.8 months. Conclusion: Patients referred for evaluation were mostly in moderate to advanced stages of dementia, with a prevalence of mixed-type and non-Alzheimer’s pathologies.

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