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Journal articles on the topic 'Education in State of Qatar'
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Jaafar, Sonia Ben. "Performance-based accountability in Qatar: a state in progress." Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 41, no. 5 (2011): 597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2011.555139.
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Liloia, Alainna. "Gender and Nation Building in Qatar." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 15, no. 3 (2019): 344–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-7720683.
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Abstract This article explores the relationship between gender and modern nation building in Qatar, with attention to how Qatari women negotiate the challenges of modern development and social change. The article analyzes Qatar’s strategic use of gendered nation-building initiatives, founded on representations of women as both symbols of tradition and markers of modernity, to facilitate modern development and construct a national identity. In addition, the article uncovers the myriad ways Qatari women respond to the state’s gendered initiatives and dualistic expectations, engage with state conceptualizations of modernity and tradition, and negotiate social and religious gender norms. The article argues that Qatari women’s views reflect their strategic negotiation, rather than uncritical submission or acceptance, of social and religious norms alongside increased expectations for participation in the workforce and higher education. The study, derived from fifteen qualitative interviews with Qatari women aged twenty-six to fifty-six, unearths certain trends in participant views on gender roles, modern development, and tradition. The participants express satisfaction with and a desire to maintain established gender paradigms. They simultaneously emphasize the positive aspects of modernization and express concern about a loss of traditional values.
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Hazima, Rasha G. Abou, and Nitham M. Hindi. "Management accounting system application in banks in the State of Qatar." International Journal of Knowledge and Learning 6, no. 2/3 (2010): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijkl.2010.034754.
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Williams, Justin, Ramudu Bhanugopan, and Alan Fish. "Localization of human resources in the State of Qatar." Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues 4, no. 3 (2011): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17537981111159966.
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Sellami, Abdel Latif. "Parental Influence on Student Educational Expectations: Results from the 2012 Qatar Education Study." International Journal of Higher Education 8, no. 4 (2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n4p189.
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This study investigated factors that are likely to influence students’ educational expectations in the State of Qatar, concentrating on selected parental factors. Drawing on recent work in the field, the study examined the intersection of student demographic and socio-economic attributes along with contextual factors, on student educational expectations. The study uses student and parent data from a nation-wide survey of preparatory and secondary schools, the 2012 Qatar Education Study. The results showed students’ gender and grade level positively affect their reported educational expectations, with females and those in higher grade levels more likely to report higher expectations. While student reports of parental involvement were not significant, parent reports were marginally significant. The paper concludes with some recommendations for further study and research.
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Hassan, A. A., G. F. Abu Zeinah, and S. G. Al-Kindi. "Level of Palliative Care Education Among Oncology Nurses in the State of Qatar." Annals of Oncology 23 (September 2012): ix468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33992-2.
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Akl, Maya Abi, Othmane Bouhali, and Yassine Toufique. "Promoting a Research-Based Education through Undergraduate Research Experience for Engineering Students." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (2018): 968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.161.
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Various studies have shown the crucial and strong impact that undergraduate research has on the learning outcome of students and its role in clarifying their career path. Therefore, many colleges and universities are promoting undergraduate research experience amongst their students. Texas A&M University at Qatar (TAMUQ), a branch campus of Texas A&M University in College Station in the state of Texas and one of the six American University campuses in Education City, Qatar is actively involving its engineering students in research projects spanning different disciplines across its academic programs. This paper describes how the High Energy and Medical Physics Group at TAMUQ supports and engages the undergraduate students in research activities, summarizes the outcomes of their work and the impact on their career.
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Al-Sada, Maryam, Bader Al-Esmael, and Mohd Nishat Faisal. "Influence of organizational culture and leadership style on employee satisfaction, commitment and motivation in the educational sector in Qatar." EuroMed Journal of Business 12, no. 2 (2017): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/emjb-02-2016-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of organizational culture and leadership style on employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment and work motivation in the educational sector in the state of Qatar. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted using a questionnaire with a sample size of 364 employees in the educational sector in Qatar. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, were employed to examine the relationships between the variables under investigation. Findings Significant positive relationships were observed between supportive culture and job satisfaction; supportive culture and organizational commitment; participative-supportive leadership and job satisfaction; directive leadership and job satisfaction; job satisfaction and work motivation; job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Practical implications This paper would help managers and policy-makers in the education sector to develop a better understanding of organizational culture and leadership styles and their influence on employee satisfaction, commitment and motivation. Originality/value The education sector is experiencing a fast growth in Qatar due to significant outlays by the government. This study is among the first in the country to understand the variables affecting employees’ performance in education sector.
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Crist, John T. "Innovation in a Small State: Qatar and the IBC Cluster Model of Higher Education." Muslim World 105, no. 1 (2014): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/muwo.12082.
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Al-Dahshan, Ayman, Mohamad Chehab, Mohamed Bala, et al. "Colorectal cancer awareness and its predictors among adults aged 50–74 years attending primary healthcare in the State of Qatar: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (2020): e035651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035651.
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ObjectiveThe current study aimed to assess the awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) symptoms and risk factors among the at-risk population visiting the primary healthcare (PHC) centres in Qatar. The secondary objective was to assess the differences in awareness among population subgroups.DesignA cross-sectional study design was employed.SettingThe study was conducted across six PHC centres in Qatar.ParticipantsPatients, or their accompanying people, aged 50–74 years and Arabic or English speakers, were recruited from the main waiting areas of the selected PHC centres.Data collection and analysisParticipants were interviewed using the validated Bowel/Colorectal Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was applied to recruit participants. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used when appropriate. A multivariate linear regression model was constructed to identify the independent predictors of CRC awareness.ResultsThe study includes 448 participants (response rate=87%). The mean age of the participants was 58.48 years (SD ±6.37). The mean awareness score among the participants was 3.63/9 (SD ±2.7) for CRC symptoms and 5.43/11 (SD ±3.3) for CRC risk factors. The overall mean awareness score was 9.03/20 (SD ±5.5). Multivariate linear regression identified the female gender (2.52 (95% CI 1.15 to 3.88)), non-Qatari Arab (2.91 (95% CI 1.64 to 4.18)) or non-Arab nationalities (1.76 (95% CI 0.28 to 3.24)), and tertiary education (4.10 (95% CI 2.55 to 5.66)) as independent predictors of higher CRC awareness.ConclusionIn general, the awareness of CRC symptoms and risk factors was low among the at-risk population in Qatar. Specifically, the regression analysis showed men, Qataris, and those with no formal education had low awareness of CRC symptoms and risk factors. Such results emphasise the importance of tailoring future educational campaigns that are relevant, specific and appealing to such cohort.
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Gangi, Yagoub Ali. "The role of entrepreneurship education and training on creation of the knowledge economy." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 13, no. 4 (2017): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-06-2017-0032.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of Qatar with entrepreneurship education and training, and its contribution in creating a knowledge-based economy. By doing so, the paper will contribute towards raising awareness about the state of entrepreneurship education, training and the knowledge economy in Qatar. Design/methodology/approach The research design for this paper is a descriptive and interpretive case study that is analysed through qualitative methods. Secondary information is analysed through descriptive statistics. Findings The main finding of this paper is that although Qatar has launched many initiatives of entrepreneurship education and training to help diversify its economy by creating knowledge-based economy, the data show that there is some improvement in Qatar’s ranking in the Knowledge Economy Index. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this study is the unavailability of secondary data for a long period of time. Social implications The main policy implication that can be derived from the findings of this paper is that entrepreneurship education and training alone cannot create a diversified and knowledge-based economy in a short period of time. In fact building a knowledge economy requires more than introduction of entrepreneurship education and training. In addition to entrepreneurship education it requires improvement in the national innovation system, large investment in information and communication technology and a good macroeconomic performance. Moreover, the success of entrepreneurship education and training in fulfilling its objective requires a comprehensive strategy to be implemented over a long period of time. Originality/value The paper represents an original work that links entrepreneurship education and training with the knowledge economy. This is the first paper that handles this issue in the context of Gulf countries.
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Samuel-Azran, Tal. "Al-Jazeera, Qatar, and New Tactics in State-Sponsored Media Diplomacy." American Behavioral Scientist 57, no. 9 (2013): 1293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764213487736.
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Bawadi, Hiba, Alanood Al-Shahwani, Dana Arafeh, et al. "Depressive Symptoms among Patients with Diabetes in Qatar: Frequency and Potential Determinants." Healthcare 9, no. 3 (2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030302.
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Background: Diabetes is a highly prevalent chronic disease that is associated with major complications. Findings regarding risk of depression among patients with diabetes are controversial. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among Qatari patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on Qatar Biobank (QBB) data of 2448 Qatari adults with diabetes aged 21–60 years old. Data regarding age, gender, education, income, body mass index (BMI), medication use, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were retrieved. Patients’ responses to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were also obtained. Data analyses was performed using STATA 16, and statistical significance was considered at a p-value of <0.05. Results: Of the 2448 participants, 15.4% (n = 378) had self-reported depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were frequent among females (69.6%), smokers (15.9%), and participants with a higher level of education (47.1%). Average age of participants who reported depressive symptoms was significantly less that among participants without depressive symptoms (44.8 vs. 52.9 years). Qatari women with diabetes seem to be at higher risk of depression when compared to men (OR = 1.819, 95% CI: 1.42–2.33); The odds of reporting depressive symptoms were 35% higher among patients with more advanced educational qualifications (OR = 1.351, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.82). Smokers were twice as likely to report depressive symptoms as their non-smoking counterparts. There was no significant relationship between depression and poor glycemic control, physical activity, BMI, or insulin use. Conclusions: In summary, the study results suggest that several sociodemographic factors, such as age, gender, and level of education were associated with the risk of depressive symptoms among Qataris with diabetes.
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Kajokaitė, Ieva. "Self-consciousness and Self-expression of Qatari Female Students." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 7, no. 1-2 (2006): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2006.3764.
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Center of Oriental Studies, Vilnius University
 
 This study sets out to outline the self-consciousness and self-expression of Qatari female students. The paper is based on a research carried out at the female section of the University of Qatar where Qatari girls were observed from September 2005 to May 2006. The recruited participants (14) were also interviewed at the later stage of the study. The results showed that, according to the axis of expression of the outward–inward female identity and the axis of autonomy–dependency, Qatari female students can be classified into three types: “beauteous Qataris,” “active Qataris” and “religious Qataris.” The paper critically discusses the main differences of the types. The main findings suggest that Qatari female students display a lot of superficial changes based on the imitation, which indicate deeper processes and the need to obtain more autonomy; education stimulates questioning of the moral norms imposed by society and family; Qatari female students start adopting a new interpretation of religious scriptures and dogmas from the woman-friendly perspective.
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Lee, Seungah S. "A Precarious Balancing Act." Contemporary Arab Affairs 14, no. 1 (2021): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2021.14.1.113.
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This paper explores the dynamics between globalization and local culture in analyzing how higher education (HE) has expanded in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) through internationalization. It contends that HE expands through internationalization in part because these Arab Gulf states use higher education institutions (HEIs) to legitimate themselves and gain prominence as internationally competitive societies in a globalized world. At the same time, however, these Arab Gulf states face push back from their more conservative, traditional constituents who criticize the state for “Westernizing” education. Hence, these states simultaneously pursue anti-liberal practices in public HEIs to manage state–society relations, enabling them to maintain both national and global legitimacy. This effort to balance what appears to be two competing interests creates a “dual higher education system.”
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Semmar, Yassir. "A Cross-Cultural, Exploratory Study of Students' Reluctance to Attend Office Hours." Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: Gulf Perspectives 6, no. 1 (2009): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18538/lthe.v6.n1.02.
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The purpose of this study is to gain a better insight into the reasons that make Qatar University students reluctant to attend professors’ office hours. Factor analysis was first conducted to reveal the components underlying this reluctance; Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was then employed to analyze the effects of gender, GPA, credit hours completed, year of enrollment, and college/major on those factors. Results indicated that professor's competence and demeanor, course characteristics, students' social skills, attitudes/motivation, time conflict/communication style, students' apprehension as well as their physical/emotional state were all related to their reluctance to attend office hours. Moreover the predictor variables of gender, GPA, and credit hours completed had significant effects on several of those seven reluctance factors.
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Sellami, Abdel Latif, Rima Charbaji El-Kassem, Haneen B. K. Alqassass, and Ahmed Al-Emadi. "Determinants of Student Absenteeism/Presenteeism in Qatar: A Path Analysis." Frontiers of Contemporary Education 1, no. 1 (2020): p17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/fce.v1n1p17.
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The current study sought to investigate the perceptions of school teachers regarding student absenteeism and presenteeism in the State of Qatar. Drawing on the existing relevant literature in the field and based on a survey research method, the study was carried out during the first term (Fall semester) in 2015. The study involved preparatory (middle) and secondary (high) school teachers at both public (Independent) and private (International) schools in Qatar. To attain this goal, a causal model was used to examine the causes that shape teachers’ perceptions of absenteeism and presenteeism. The data required for the present research was collected from a sample of 495 teachers at Independent and International schools. Based on factor analysis, the findings concluded from the study indicated that seven valid dimensions were extracted. In addition, three determinant factors that influence the perceptions of preparatory and secondary school teachers with regard to students’ absentee and presentee behaviours were identified. These factors are: (a) reviewing curriculum content, (b) the teaching load, and (c) the expected rate of student graduations. The study concludes by offering some important recommendations for education practitioners and policy makers as well as some useful suggestions for future research and practice.
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Costa, Joana, and Mariana Pita. "Appraising entrepreneurship in Qatar under a gender perspective." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 12, no. 3 (2020): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-10-2019-0146.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold, being the first to grasp a broad picture of entrepreneurship determinants in Qatar, and second, to explore the intermediate effect of gender upon other factors affecting the propensity to become an entrepreneur and highlight gender heterogeneity. Combining theories on entrepreneurship determinants and gender, the study analyses the role of education (general and specific to enterprise), skill perception, social context and fear to fail as determinants of new venture creation in Qatar. The objective of the study is to appraise the determinants of the entrepreneurial activity in Qatar and understand if they hold across genders in terms of significance and magnitude. If so, policy actions can be adjusted to overcome gender gaps. This study aims to design policy recommendations to reinforce the Qatari entrepreneurial ecosystem and promote positive discrimination towards women initiatives in the Gulf region. Design/methodology/approach To understand male and female propensity to entrepreneurial activity in Qatar, a database from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) was used, considering data from 2014, with a sample that includes 4,272 individuals. To explore how the explanatory variables affect entrepreneurial propensity and if they hold significance across genders, three logistic regressions were run, the first including the entire sample, and the second and third separating individuals according to the gender. Then, to statistically appraise the differences among groups, a Kruskal–Wallis test was run to evidence group heterogeneity. Marginal effects of the model reinforce gender differences. The analysis was performed using Stata. Findings Different patterns of entrepreneurial propensity can be found among genders, allowing the exploration male and female determinants. The analysis shows that Qatari women are less prone to start a business when compared to men in equal conditions. For women, age is a deterring factor, contrarily to men. Both genders seem to be unconstrained by the fear to fail, still the self-perception of skills has a stronger effect on women. Research limitations/implications First, this study is restricted to the GEM database and covers 4,272 individuals whose representativeness cannot be statistically proved, despite the robustness of the sample size. Second, due to data limitations, the inclusion of theoretically relevant additional variables to the explanation of gender differences, such as economic and institutional determinants of entrepreneurial activity in the country under study, becomes infeasible. Practical implications Despite the conceptual and empirical limitations, the conclusions of the study fulfil literature gaps and offer quantitative and econometric evidences and which allow drawing policy recommendations. Social implications This study sheds a new light about the policy specificities needed to overcome gender differences and to equalise male and female entrepreneurial activity. Originality/value The study identifies gender differences in entrepreneurial propensity. The potential differences are firstly put in theoretical terms and followed by an exploratory analysis comprising statistical analysis and econometric estimations. The results allow examining the profile of male and female entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, the determinants of entrepreneurial initiatives and gender gaps. The study helps policy makers to elaborate adequate strategies to foster gender equality on entrepreneurship, aiming to increase overall entrepreneurial activity and consequently socio-economic development.
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Salem, Mansoura, Soha R. Dargham, Madeeha Kamal, et al. "Effect of gender on childhood maltreatment in the state of Qatar: Retrospective study." Child Abuse & Neglect 101 (March 2020): 104314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104314.
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Bahameish, Mariam Ali. "A study on the approach of raising the academic level of the State of Qatar through the implementation of bilingual education." Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings, no. 2012 (October 2012): AHPS3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarf.2012.ahps3.
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Ali, Ruba, Jolly Bhadra, Nitha Siby, Zubair Ahmad, and Noora Jabor Al-Thani. "A STEM Model to Engage Students in Sustainable Science Education through Sports: A Case Study in Qatar." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063483.
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Sports has the potential to integrate with different scientific subjects, including materials science and engineering, making it an ideal approach to enhance the students’ affinity toward sustainable education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Amid gradual educational reformations in the state of Qatar, a distinctive STEM program titled, “Science in Sports” (SIS) was launched to investigate STEM integrated learning in secondary school students. The participant students, 248 students (112 females and 136 males) from 15 different government-operated (public) secondary schools, from rural and urban areas, were given STEM workshops on one of the sports materials, during this pilot study, resultantly challenging them to engineer a sports product. The study employed a mixed-method study in which quantitative approaches were applied to analyze the program effectiveness, with a t-test statistical analysis performed over data collected from a period of five continuous years from 2012 to 2017 in five different cycles. A more dominant data collection included pre and post surveys, substantiating observations of the program facilitator and their schoolteachers were included in this research and development (R&D) study to review the student learning behavior for a qualitative approach. Moreover, the results of the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis provided an overview of the program’s effectiveness in implicating the engagement of the students in exhibiting their prototypical skills in engineering sports products along with STEM literacy. Apart from understanding the scientific concepts/principles applied in simple sports applications, student attitudes toward STEM fields augmented, as witnessed by the student productivity.
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Alfeeli, Bassam, Ma’moun Al-Rawashdeh, Ali Bumajdad, et al. "A review of nanotechnology development in the Arab World." Nanotechnology Reviews 2, no. 3 (2013): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2012-0070.
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AbstractA growing number of initiatives on nanotechnology research, education, and industry have been recently launched by several Arab countries to quickly build scientific capacity and track worldwide developments in nanotechnology. Some countries, namely, the oil-rich countries, have allocated large funds to support these initiatives, which are intended to serve the national interests in energy, water and food supply, medicine, and local industry. The other Arab countries are also pursuing nanotechnology, however, with fewer funds but with more human resources. This study assesses the current status of nanotechnology in the Arab Republic of Egypt, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Kingdom of Morocco, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Republic of Tunisia, State of Kuwait, State of Qatar, Sultanate of Oman, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study is aimed at having a top-level overview of the status of existing, underdevelopment, and planed educational and research programs relevant to nanotechnology. The overview also includes nanotechnology research focus areas, challenges, and opportunities.
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Bener, Abdulbari, Abdul-Ghani Mohammad, Asia N. Ismail, Mahmoud Zirie, Waleed K. Abdullatef, and Abdulla O. A. A. Al-Hamaq. "Gender and Age-Related Differences in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome in A Highly Endogamous Population." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 10, no. 3 (2010): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2687.
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The objective of the study was to examine the differences in gender and age prevalences of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adult Qatari population according to the revised criteria of NCEP ATP III and IDF, assess which component contributed to the higher prevalence of the MetS and identify the characteristics of the subjects with MetS. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The survey was carried out in urban and semi-urban primary health care centers. The survey was conducted in the period from January 2007 to July 2008 among Qatari nationals above 20 years of age. Of the 1536 subjects who were approached to particípate in the study, 1222 (79.6%) gave their consent. Face to face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire followed by laboratory tests. MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program - Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) as well as the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The overall prevalence of MetS in studied subjects was 26.7% and 33.9% according to ATPIII and IDF (p<0.001) criteria respectively. The prevalence of MetS by both definitions peaked in the 30-39 years age group among males, and the 40-49 years age group among females. The greatest number of males with MetS were university educated; while the greatest number of females with MetS were either illiterate or had a primary school education. The prevalence of MetS was higher among females. Among the components of MetS, the prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher in studied subjects. The overall prevalence of MetS and its components according to IDF criteria was higher in studied subjects than the estimates given by the ATPIII criteria. Overall, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the State of Qatar is about 10-15% higher than in most developed countries, with generally higher prevalence rates for women. Preventive strategies will require identifying socio-demographic factors and addressing modifiable risk behaviours, including lack of physical activity, and dietary intake.
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Ahmad, Shamim. "Wastewater Reuse in Landscape and Agricultural Development in Doha, Qatar." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 6-7 (1989): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0244.
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Excessive use of potable water in irrigation can be reduced considerably through treated wastewater reuse specially when fresh water resources in Qatar are scarce and the water supply depends on the limited groundwater and costly desalinated water. In view of the use of treated effluent in irrigation, the infiltration of brackish groundwater into the sewerage system should be eliminated and stringent standards to control leakages should be laid for new construction. The wastewater treatment methods and the effluent quality in general meet the criteria and standards governing the use of effluent in irrigation of landscape and agriculture. The reuse plan controls pollution by eliminating discharge of the wastewater to the gulf and contributes to the aesthetic and economic value of the area. The development of green areas along the roadside reservations and sidewalks through effluent reuse has been successful.The cultivation of fodder crops and development of forestry through effluent irrigation in agricultural farms far from the centre of population seems feasible and safe. However it is necessary to consider and evaluate the social and religious factors at the planning stage of the reuse schemes. With adequate planning,surviellance programme,health education,training of workers and awareness amongst the population, effluent reuse can be practised with minimum health risk and confidence can be established in the users.
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Al-Sheeb, Bothaina, Abdel Magid Hamouda, and Galal M. Abdella. "Investigating Determinants of Student Satisfaction in the First Year of College in a Public University in the State of Qatar." Education Research International 2018 (November 8, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7194106.
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Purpose. A first-year student’s life is a web of interrelated academic and social experiences. Most universities have rigorous processes to achieve excellence or reach high-quality standards, with “Student Satisfaction” being the central focus of all of higher education aims for excellence. This study examined the influence of various academic, social, and environmental aspects on the overall satisfaction of first-year students. Design. A questionnaire was designed and administered to first-year students, and the resulting data were analyzed using correlation, linear regression, binary logistic regression, and artificial neural networks. Findings. The findings suggested that three of the five factors explored—100-level course satisfaction, a sense of belonging, and citizenship knowledge and skills—were the best determinants of the level of first-year student satisfaction. Originality. This study examined the influence of academic, social, and environmental factors on overall student satisfaction with the college experience. Many studies have focused on how factors such as student attitudes, perceptions, and academic and social engagements impact first-year student success and retention; however, few studies have attempted to explore the influence these factors have on student satisfaction and their overall perceptions of the college experience. Discussion and Conclusion. This study has provided a snapshot of some of the key determinants of the overall student satisfaction of the first-year experience. This study can assist college administrators and instructors in their quality assurance initiatives which may include reviewing the current system, setting college priorities, and planning and allocation of future resources to better achieve higher levels of student satisfaction.
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Al-Thani, Soud, Alexandre Amato, Muammer Koç, and Sami Al-Ghamdi. "Urban Sustainability and Livability: An Analysis of Doha’s Urban-form and Possible Mitigation Strategies." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (2019): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030786.
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This study examines the concept of sustainability and livability at the neighborhood level in a low-density city such as Doha. In its current form, Metropolitan Doha, Qatar’s capital and where 80% of the population resides, is neither sustainable nor ranked highly in many city livability indices of international cities, although Qatar aims to become a truly sustainable state as envisioned in its Qatar National Vision (QNV) 2030 and endorsed in its National Development Strategies 2012 and 2018. Doha remains a fractured city; its rapid growth has led to unrestrained, extensive urban sprawl with high dependency on private transportation mainly by large SUVs, continually instigated by the absence of public transportation. Doha is also a relatively low-density city where the main driver of its urban sprawl is the inhabitants’ deep-set desire for privacy, and hence, home ownership of single-family detached villas, which have become the predominant residential building-block of neighborhoods with little to no provisions of in-neighborhood community services and amenities such as basic shopping, health, education, and recreation. Consequently, this urban form has resulted in long and frequent commutes for individuals and families, increasing the number of vehicles in traffic almost every hour of every day, traffic congestion, high transportation-related CO2 emissions, additional expenses, and loss of quality family time, among several other environmental, social, and economic sustainability impacts. The findings of this study, which are based on a behavioral survey, illustrate the residents’ views on neighborhood improvement and changes in the transportation modes, as well as their willingness to change their habits for the benefit of common and future generations.
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Almannai, Abdullah S. "The perceptions of Male and Female Secondary Teachers toward the Criteria for Designing and Evaluating e-Learning & Educational Software in the Independent Secondary Schools in the State of Qatar." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 12, no. 3 (2018): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol12iss3pp524-538.
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This study aimed to explore the perceptions of secondary school teachers in the State of Qatar toward the criteria for designing and evaluating e-learning and educational software in education in the independent secondary schools. A questionnaire was designed and validated, and was administered to a sample of 400 male and female secondary independent school teachers. The results revealed the following: High agreement among most of the teachers about the importance of the instructional design criteria for e-learning and educational software. A significant difference was found between male and female teachers in favor of male teachers; and a significant difference was found between those who attended computer workshops only and those who attended computer workshops plus ICDL, in favor of the latter group. No significant interactions were found for: gender by years of experience; gender by computer workshops; gender by major; years of experience by major; years of experience by computer workshops; and computer workshops by major. The results were interpreted and some recommendations and future studies were suggested
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Al-Muraikhi, Hissa, Hana Said, Nagah Selim, and Mohamad Abdel Halim Chehab. "The knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors and preventive practices among women of reproductive age in the state of Qatar: a cross-sectional survey." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 2 (2017): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170284.
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Background: Osteoporosis is a global health problem and its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Misunderstanding about osteoporosis and the lack of preventive action among women are still common, making primary prevention at an early age the preferable intervention. This study aims at assessing the knowledge of osteoporosis and preventive practices among women aged 20-44 years. Furthermore, the planning for osteoporosis prevention requires sufficient information about women`s health beliefs, knowledge, and preventive practices as well as the cultural and socioeconomic features.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study where participants were recruited using cluster sampling with proportionate allocation. The sample (N=766) consisted of eligible women, attending the primary health care centers in Qatar during 2010, and they were interviewed using the modified Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT). The period of this study was between January 2010 and December 2011.Results: The overall knowledge score was 61.4%, with the risk factors knowledge component being the lowest at 50%. A statistically significant relation was noted between the overall knowledge score and age, the level of education, marital status, and positive family history of osteoporosis. About 79% of the participants reported being exposed to direct sun rays for > 30 minutes /week, while only 33.6% of them were engaging in proper weight bearing exercise. Finally, the food consumption score was low at 45.4%, especially when it came to fruits and vegetables (39.6%).Conclusions: The knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors, the practice of weight bearing exercise, and the consumption of calcium and vitamin D rich diet were low. Thus, it is necessary to integrate the different components of osteoporosis prevention into a comprehensive women health program.
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Al-Dewik, Nader I., Hisham Morsi, Rola Ghasoub, and Mohamed A. Yassin. "Studying the Impact of Imatinib Mesylate (IM) Adherence in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients’ Responses in the State of Qatar." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 5537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5537.5537.
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Abstract Background: The introduction of Imatinib Mesylate (IM) has revolutionized the outcome of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients. However, the success of the rationally designed therapy is tempered by the understanding that a substantial proportion of CML patients fail treatment. In Qatar, 54% of CML patients do fail IM according to European leukemia net (ELN) recommendations 2013. Point mutation & unique tri-nucleotide insertions explained only 14% of treatment failure. Additional chromosomal abnormalities were the most common cause of IM failure in our patients’ cohort & were documented in 50% of cases. 14% of patients stopped IM due to intolerance & the mechanisms of resistance remained unknown in 28% of patients. Other cause such as patients’ adherence to IM is being prospectively investigated. Therefore, Non adherence to IM must be ruled out as a possible cause of lack of optimal response before considering such patients to be IM-resistant & switching them to next-line treatment. Aim: To correlate between CML patients’ adherence to IM treatment & their responses and identify the factors affecting non-adherence. Methods: 36 CML patients (5 citizens & 31 residents) are consented into the study. adherence to Imatinib was assessed using four different techniques: calculation of the Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), electronic Medical Records (eMR), survey questionnaire & Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). MPR is defined as the sum of the days' supply of medication divided by the number of days between the first fill & the last refill. Patients medications history was obtained from questionnaire, pharmacy electronic Medical record (eMR) & studying drug – drug interactions was done using MICROMEDEX® 1.0 (Healthcare Series). The Questionnaire used to identify potential factors revolving around the patient's lifestyle, affordability & knowledge related to IM, in addition to standardized evaluation based on the 9-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) ranging from 1 to 13. Scores ≤10 indicates non adherence whereas ≥ 11 indicates adherence. Patient adherence was tracked electronically using the Medication Electronic Monitoring System (MEMS) that provided real time measures of adherence for a period up to 4 months. 95 Peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected & the level of BCR-ABL1 transcripts was measured via RT-QPCR. The ELN 2013 recommendations for the management of CML was adopted & employed in this study to assess the response/resistance of patients to treatment. Responses were defined at the haematological, cytogenetic & molecular levels. Patients responses were classified into optimal, suboptimal or failure. Results: Out of 36 patients, 23 patients were adherent (MMAS, MPR &MEMS were ≥ 80%) & 13 patients were classified as non-adherent (MMAS, MPR &MEMS were <80 % ) All adherent patients were optimally responded to the treatment (achieved CCyR & MMR) while the 13 non-adherent patients failed the treatment (2 patients were intolerant, 9 patients did not achieved CCyR & molecular response & 2 patients developed additional chromosomal abnormalities. Questionnaire feedback results showed that 69% patients could not afford to pay the remaining 10% of its cost, the other factors such as lack of knowledge (comprehensive & insight of illness) & illiteracy were observed in 35% & 30% of patients respectively. Discussion & conclusion: Due to high rate of Imatinib failure in Qatar, patient’s adherence to treatment was studied. Non adherence to the treatment was one of the most common causes of Imatinib failure in our patients’ cohort & was documented in 36% of cases. Economic factor (Unaffordable drug price) was one of the main causes of non-adherence & efforts should be made locally to improve access to medications for cancer diseases. Other risk factors associated with poor adherence can be improved by close monitoring & dose adjustment. Monitoring risk factors for poor adherence in combination with patient education that includes direct communication between the health care teams doctors, nurses pharmacists & patients are essential components for maximizing the benefits of TKI therapy & could rectify this problem. Our preliminary results showed that patients’ response to treatment may be directly linked to patient adherence to the treatment. However, further in-depth & specific analysis may be necessary in a larger cohort. Disclosures Al-Dewik: Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC): Employment, HMC Medical Director's Grant Competition (GC) 1013A Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Morsi:HMC: Employment, Research Funding. Ghasoub:HMC: Employment, Research Funding.
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Abu-Tineh, Abdullah M. "The perceived effectiveness of the school based support program." European Journal of Training and Development 39, no. 8 (2015): 721–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-02-2014-0008.
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Purpose – This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the school-based support program (SBSP) as perceived by teachers who participated in this program. SBSP was designed to collectively build the capacity and promote the overall quality of teaching and learning in identified independent schools in the State of Qatar. Design/methodology/approach – This study is quantitative in nature and was conducted using a survey methodology as its research design. A variety of statistical techniques were utilized in this research. Means, standard deviations, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized to analyze gained data. Findings – The findings indicated that teachers perceived the effectiveness of SBSP to be moderate-to- high. Further, there was a significant difference between male and female teachers in their perceptions of the effectiveness of SBSP overall. Male participant teachers perceived SBSP overall to be more effective than female participant teachers did. However, there were no significant differences among participant teachers in perceiving the effectiveness of SBSP that is attributed to their teaching experience or academic qualifications. Originality/value – This study suggests a common level of satisfaction of the SBSP program that was launched just two years ago. At the same time, however, many recommendations and implications were discussed and suggested to enhance the effectiveness of the program.
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Leandro, Francisco B. S. José, and Anthony Lobo. "São Tomé and Príncipe: More than the Land of Cocoa and Coffee." China and the World 03, no. 03 (2020): 2050006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729320500066.
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The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, a small and remote island state, located in the Gulf of Guinea, has long offered little geopolitical and geo-economic interest. This situation is however gradually changing. In fact, since 2016, interest in the country has begun to grow, after the country resumed diplomatic relations with People’s Republic of China (hereafter China) and recognized the “one-China policy”. While the island state and Cabo Verde have followed different development paths in the post-colonial era, both share common features and both have the potential to perform important geopolitical regional roles in the context of the Belt and Road initiative (BRI). This paper discusses São Tomé and Príncipe’s regional engagement in the Gulf of Guinea (GG), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP), and in multi-level cooperation in light of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-Speaking Countries (FM) as well as bilateral cooperation. We argue that São Tomé and Príncipe is of geopolitical value to China and that the island state will serve Chinese interests in extending the BRI in the Gulf of Guinea. The microstate of São Tomé and Príncipe has the potential to transform itself to function as the “Qatar of the Gulf of Guinea”, and contribute to regional stability by providing regional services for shipping, banking, finance, high-quality education, tourism and as an engaged partner. This paper presents a methodological theoretical-inductive and constructivist perspective, combining qualitative, quantitative and non-participant observation.
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Weber, Alan S., Rebal Turjoman, Yanal Shaheen, Farah Al Sayyed, Mu Ji Hwang, and Faryal Malick. "Systematic thematic review of e-health research in the Gulf Cooperation Council (Arabian Gulf): Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 23, no. 4 (2016): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x16647894.
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Introduction The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC or ‘Arabian Gulf’), comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, is a political organization sharing a common history and culture. All GCC nations have made substantial investments in telecommunications and electronic health infrastructure since 2000. Methods We conducted a literature search in English and Arabic on peer-reviewed e-health research up to December 2014 originating in the GCC. The objective was to retrieve all research on e-health in the GCC and to categorize and analyse it qualitatively to reveal the current state of e-health research and development in the region. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles, books, book chapters, conference papers and graduate theses written on e-health in the GCC. Blogs, health websites and non-peer-reviewed literature were excluded. Results Three hundred and six articles were retrieved, categorized and analysed qualitatively to reveal the state of e-health research in the GCC. Both country-specific and GCC-wide major themes were identified using NVivo 10.0 qualitative software and summarized. The most common type of study was an overview (35.0%), with common study designs of case studies (26.8%) and descriptive articles (46.4%). Significant themes were: prospective national benefits from e-health, implementation and satisfaction with electronic health records, online technologies in medical education, innovative systems (case studies), and information security and personal health information. Discussion This is the first comprehensive analytical literature review of e-health in the GCC. Important research gaps were identified: few cost-benefit analyses, controlled interventional studies, or research targeting gender and religious issues were retrieved.
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Attal, Saleh, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Muna Taher Aseel, et al. "Indicators of Quality of Clinical Care for Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar: A Retrospective Analysis." International Journal of Endocrinology 2019 (December 5, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3519093.
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Background. Despite the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Gulf countries, standards of diabetes care at the primary care level have not been widely studied. Aim. To compare the results of diabetes clinical indicators from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2017 guidelines to the reference benchmarks in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional analysis of electronic medical records in 643 randomly selected adult patients with type 2 diabetes was undertaken. A checklist enabled the collection of sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and quality measurement data. Data were analyzed using Stata 9.0. The chi-squared test was used to compare two or more proportions. Results. There were 643 patients (male = 60.3%; female = 39.7%), and the majority (71.7%) aged between 40 and 64 years. Common comorbidities were dyslipidemia (72.3%), hypertension (70%), obesity (50.1%), and preobesity (overweight) (37.9%). Over 15% were smokers. The most commonly prescribed diabetes medications were metformin (89.9%), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (61.1%), and sulfonylureas (49.3%). Only 35.5% (p<0.0001) of patients met the reference glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cutoff level of 7.0%. The reference level for blood pressure control was met by 70.2% (p<0.0001) and for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 73.8% (p<0.0001). Albuminuria was present in 39.2%, and very low vitamin D level (<20 ng/ml) in 39.1%. Most patients had annual foot (89.6%, p<0.0001) and eye (72.3%, p<0.0001) examinations. Only 39.9% had referrals for dietary counseling, and there were lower rates of referrals and uptake for pneumococcal, influenza, and hepatitis B vaccines. Most (76.2%) did not have screening for depression. Conclusion. The majority of the results met the ADA standards, while glycemic control, dietary counseling, and screening for depression were poor in comparison to the standards. Continuing education for clinicians, patient education for self-management, and targeted weight management are recommended.
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Bener, A. "Prevalence of common phobias and their socio-demographic correlates in children and adolescents in a traditional developing society." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71978-2.
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BackgroundEpidemiological data indicate that anxiety disorders are the most common childhood disorders and phobias are the most common form of anxiety disorders.AimTo identify the most common phobias in children and adolescents and to determine the prevalence, age distribution, and socio-demographic correlates of phobias.DesignA cross sectional studySettingPublic and Private schools of the Ministry of Education, State of QatarSubjectsA total of 2188 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years were approached and 1703 (77.8%) students participated in this study.MethodsThe questionnaire included socio-demographic information, extra curricular activities and hobbies, behaviour at home and various phobic fears. Psychiatrists determined the definitive diagnosis for various phobias by checking and screening their symptoms.ResultsOf the studied subjects, 44% were males and 56% were females. The overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents was 19.7%. Among children with phobia, females had higher rates of phobias (62.4% vs 37.6%) than males. Social phobia (12.7%) was the commonest phobia found followed by Agoraphobia (8.6%). Secondary school children were highly afflicted with social phobia (14.9%), agoraphobia (11.7%) and specific phobia (9.6%), while preparatory students (8.3%) were more likely to have’medical’ phobia (fear of physical illness, medical tests and procedures). A significant difference was observed between the age groups in children with agoraphobia (p = 0.002).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents in Qatar was higher, with the most common phobias observed being social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia.
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Al-Gsim, Ziad, Aslan Amat Senin, and Mohd Effandi Bin Yusoff. "A Review and Comprehensive Analysis of the Performance of University – Construction Industry Collaboration." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (2021): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091688.
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University–construction industry collaboration (UIC) has become an essential part of driving innovation and fostering construction industry growth. Measuring the performance of such collaboration is an emergent field of study that is scattered through the current literature. This study aims to identify the UIC performance indicators advocated by the top-cited references, and map UIC performance indicators in the context of the state of Qatar. The present research evaluated the literature related to measuring the performance of UIC, considering publications in selected scientific databases over the period of 2004 – 2020. The publications were obtained through a search of the Science Direct, Emerald Insight, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SAGE, Research Gate, and Taylor & Francis Online databases. Keywords used in searching for publications included university, construction industry, business, cooperation, collaboration, relation, performance, and measurement. The findings were discussed and confirmed in the context of Qatar’s education and innovation ecosystem through semi-structured interviews with two renowned scholars who are involved in UIC. The study revealed that both universities and the construction industry are increasingly focused on measuring the performance of collaboration through specific performance indicators. The results show that both universities and the construction industry share some interests when it comes to four key performance indicators. These performance indicators are (1) the number of registered patents, (2) the number of patent applications, (3) the number of innovations (process/marketing/product/organisational), and (4) the number of publications. This study contributes to a general understanding of measuring UIC performance and defining trends in this research field. It also highlights research limitations and provides an arena for future research in the field. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091688 Full Text: PDF
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ZARINEBAF-SHAHR, FARIBA. "SHIREEN MAHDAVI, For God, Mammon, and Country (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1999). Pp. 304." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 2 (2001): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801222065.
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The social and economic history of the Qajar period has not received much attention from Iranian or Western scholars. The present book has partly filled this gap by focusing on the biography of a leading Iranian merchant and entrepreneur, Haj Muhammad Hasan Amin al-Zarb. It complements the few existing studies by Issawi (1971), Ashraf (1980), and Natiq (1992) on the economic history of 19th-century Iran. The author shows that the expansion of foreign trade in Iran benefited many native merchants, who successfully used their entrepreneurial skills, experience of the internal market conditions, and family networks to gain an important social and economic place during the 19th century. The Qajar ruler Nasir al-Din Shah encouraged and supported native merchants and provided them with important privileges and concessions. Many leading Iranian merchants, such as Amin al-Zarb, engaged in regional and international trade, set up family firms, and performed important banking functions for the state. Further, they used their capital to invest in manufacturing, mining, communication networks, and education. In the absence of an economic and political infrastructure and state support, their achievements were of limited success. Nevertheless, they left an important legacy of social and political engagement that continued to shape the course of Iranian history in the 20th century.
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Mitchell, Jocelyn Sage. "Qatar: small state, big politics." Democratization 21, no. 4 (2014): 771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2013.876994.
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Winckler, Onn. "Qatar: Small State, Big Politics." Middle Eastern Studies 51, no. 1 (2014): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2014.959502.
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Khyrallah Jalud, Mithaq. "Political Decision Making In Qatar State." مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة 7, no. 22 (2011): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/regs.2011.6419.
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Nagelkerk, Jean. "Nursing in the State of Qatar." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 24, no. 11 (1994): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-199411000-00005.
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Rybkowski, Zofia K., Mardelle M. Shepley, John A. Bryant, Cynthia Skelhorn, Alex Amato, and Saleh Kalantari. "Facility management in Qatar: current state, perceptions and recommendations." Facilities 35, no. 5/6 (2017): 335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-06-2016-0070.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify the current challenges and opportunities faced by the facility managers (FMs) in Doha, Qatar. Design/methodology/approach Researchers queried 40 FMs about their experience working in Qatar, using interviews and workshops. Findings Comments gathered followed general patterns. Participants expressed appreciation for their work, but also concern about cultural challenges they faced managing facilities in the region. In general, it was agreed that the low cost of water and energy in Qatar is one of the largest obstacles to conserving resources; however, current consumption is not sustainable. Research limitations/implications The sensitive nature of this study made strict demands on the research team to maintain participant anonymity during data collection and reporting. This sensitivity also limited the sample size; a larger sample size for future research would support greater generalizability. Social implications Qatar is taking steps to reduce its per capita carbon footprint and energy use, which is among the highest in the world. However, there appears to be a disconnect between Qatar’s expressed intentions and its actions with respect to facility management. To ensure that Qatar manages resources more efficiently, participants recommended that reduced energy use standards be adopted and legally mandated. This action would address many of the challenges, incentivize increased qualifications and training of FM professionals working in Qatar and encourage improvement of the long-term performance of buildings which are energy drains and heavy contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Originality/value Prior to this study, little has been published about current practices of facility management in Doha, Qatar, and the challenges and opportunities that FMs face in this region.
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Potts,, Malcolm, Roda Al Thani,, Ghmaza Saed Hamd Al Ghazal,, et al. "Qatar biofuel: research, development, education, infrastructure." Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings, no. 2010 (December 13, 2010): EEO8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarf.2010.eeo8.
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Aziz, Hassan A. "Health Care and Education in Qatar." Critical Values 8, no. 3 (2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/criticalvalues/8.3.32.
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Kamrava, Mehran. "State-Business Relations and Clientelism in Qatar." Journal of Arabian Studies 7, no. 1 (2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2017.1288420.
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Rostron, Magdalena. "Liberal arts education in Qatar: intercultural perspectives." Intercultural Education 20, no. 3 (2009): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14675980903138517.
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Al-Mohannadi, Ahmad, and Susan Capel. "Stress in physical education teachers in Qatar." Social Psychology of Education 10, no. 1 (2007): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11218-006-9004-9.
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Akhtar, N., A. Elsetouhy, D. Deleu, et al. "Newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis in state of Qatar." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 115, no. 8 (2013): 1333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.12.035.
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Akhtar, N., S. I. Kamran, D. Deleu, et al. "Ischaemic posterior circulation stroke in State of Qatar." European Journal of Neurology 16, no. 9 (2009): 1004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02709.x.
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Cooper, Andrew F., and Bessma Momani. "Qatar and Expanded Contours of Small State Diplomacy." International Spectator 46, no. 3 (2011): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2011.576181.
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Ghuloum, Suhaila, and Mohammed A. Ibrahim. "Psychiatry in Qatar." International Psychiatry 3, no. 4 (2006): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600004975.
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The State of Qatar is a peninsula overlooking the Arabian Gulf, with an area of 11400 km2. The Al Thani family has ruled the country since the mid-1800s. The population of just over 860000 is of a multi-ethnic nature, and predominantly resides in the capital, Doha. Only about 20% of the population is Qatari. Around 73% of the population are between the ages of 15 and 64 years. Life expectancy at birth is 74.8 years for males and 73.8 years for females. The literacy rate is 94.9% for men and 82.3% for women. Arabic is the official language and English is a common second language. The economy is dominated by oil and natural gas, and the country has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. The per capita government expenditure on health is $574 (international dollars), which is among the highest in the region.