Journal articles: 'Education in The Gambia'

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Hoare, K. "Effective health education in rural Gambia." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 45, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/45.4.208.

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Foltz, J. D., and O. Gajigo. "Assessing the Returns to Education in The Gambia." Journal of African Economies 21, no. 4 (March 5, 2012): 580–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejs003.

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UDAH, Enang Bassey, and Pius A. OGUDO. "Stabilization Effects of Social Spending on Economic Growth in Selected West African Countries." Nile Journal of Business and Economics 7, no. 17 (April 30, 2021): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejbe.v7i17.02.

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This paper investigated the stabilization effects of social spending on economic growth in two selected countries namely, Senegal and Gambia. Using time series data from 1980 to 2015 the paper evaluated the cyclical behaviour of social spending, the optimal size of public social spending and the efficacy of public social spending to smoothen out fluctuations in the output. Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach and error correction mechanism (ECM) within dynamic OLS framework as well as static OLS were used. The results showed that social spending on education and health was pro-cyclical in Gambia and Senegal, but social spending in education was more pro-cyclical in education in the Gambia and for Senegal, health. The study found that the optimal government size that maximizes growth of GDP in the Gambia was 74 per cent of GDP and in Senegal the optimal government size that maximizes growth of GDP was 67 per cent of GDP. The paper recommended among others that Government should review the expenditure framework, to ensure that resources committed to social spending are efficiently utilized, with more emphasis on health expenditure in the Gambia and education for Senegal.

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Barrett, Hazel, and Angela Browne. "Health, hygiene and maternal education: Evidence from The Gambia." Social Science & Medicine 43, no. 11 (December 1996): 1579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00054-8.

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Schweisfurth, Michele. "Democracy and Teacher Education: Negotiating practice in The Gambia." Comparative Education 38, no. 3 (August 2002): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305006022000014160.

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Brock, Joe. "Sixth form takes science to Gambia." Physics Education 43, no. 1 (December 12, 2007): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/43/1/f05.

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Pagano, Alicia I. "Urban Senegal and Rural Gambia: Computer and Community Education Programs." Childhood Education 62, no. 3 (January 1986): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00094056.1986.10520731.

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Hegazi, A., R. L. Bailey, B. Ahadzie, A. Alabi, and K. Peterson. "Literacy, education and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in The Gambia." AIDS Care 22, no. 11 (August 13, 2010): 1340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121003693514.

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Janneh, Fatou. "The Gambia: Citizenship and Civic Consciousness." Studies in Social Science Research 2, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): p96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v2n3p96.

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Citizens are an important component of national development enterprise. This is because citizenship is crucial to the promotion of nationhood. But being a citizen alone means very little if it does not come with certain responsibilities and civic consciousness. Through the historical lens of The Gambia, this paper argues, an understanding of citizenship and civic consciousness is necessary for sustained national development. It draws an interrelation among these concepts. Therefore, supports for responsible citizenship through education and emphasizes education’s role in attaining national development. Also, refers to primary and secondary sources. It uses oral interviews, content analysis of government publications, academic journals, books, and media reports to provide context to the paper. The article suggests some viable strategies for sustainable national development in The Gambia such as free and fair election, informed citizenry, visionary leadership and vibrant civil society organizations.

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Ceesay, Ebrima K. "Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on the Social- Economic Situation: Evidence from the Gambia." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 2, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2020.2.6.19.

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This study assesses the social and economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia. The data used in this paper was generated from online survey questionnaire, in which the participants were asked about certain questions in which coronavirus affect social and economic in the Gambia. The questionnaire was designed to help Gambia to understand covid-19 impacts on their social and economic situation. The results of this study reveal that coronavirus pandemic affected the people in the Gambia in a number of ways; 1) 84 percent said they should not open borders to more countries while only 16 percent said they should open borders. 2) In the Gambia, 61 percent of the respondents said the environmental factor that is serious hit due to covid-19 outbreak is the energy sector. 3) 44.2 percent of the respondent said that covid-19 will have fluctuation in growing on the GDP and trade in the Gambia. 4) Due the serious impact of covid-19 on the societies, 48.8 percent of the respondent in the Gambia said they are very worried that they or someone in their family will be exposed to the coronavirus outbreak. 5) 70.5 percent of the respondent said the outbreak will have negative impact in the economy of the Gambia. 6) As the result generated from the survey, 58 percent of the respondent said in the Gambia, due to covid-19 the recession will happen over the next year. 7) 65.4 percent of the respondents said government implemented an education response for continue of learning in the Gambia while educational institutions are closed.8) 55.1 percent of the respondent said their enterprise used online learning programmes and resources and 32. 1 percent said their enterprise used video conferencing tools and 15.4 percent said their organization used printed materials such as new papers or posters and 9 percent said multimedia including podcasts and YouTube and 6.4 percent, which is the least said TV are used for staff development and training during covid-19 pandemic.9) 50 percent of the respondent to this question of the survey said their organization had planned new training programmes or activities in response to the covid-19 e.g University of the Gambia training their staffs for quality teaching and learning for their students. The implication of the results from this online survey is that it has serious impacts in the Gambia especially in economic situation, employment, consumption, investment and energy. Another policy implication is that, high co2 emission will affect national parks, wildlife and forests’, and poverty, food insecurity and hunger will rises and poor agriculture, the domestic and international migration will be reduces, remittances reduces and those left behind will be seriously affected in terms of health, food security, education, energy and so on especially women, children, elderly and disable that are left behind.

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Wong, Tinadale, and Kim Travers. "Evaluation of a Peer Health Education Project in the Gambia, West Africa." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 17, no. 1 (April 1997): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jaux-g44k-dx2u-9jj3.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate a peer health education program among high school students in The Gambia, West Africa. Using convenience sampling, two of the ten high schools targeted by the program (one urban and one rural) were selected for evaluation. A total of eighty respondents, forty from each school, were randomly selected for participation. A validated questionnaire with both open and closed-ended questions was the data collection instrument which was subject to qualitative content analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis. Altogether, seventy-four participants completed the questionnaire for a response rate of 92.5 percent. Respondents' almost universal awareness of the peer health education program and their ability to recall the presentations suggested that peer education is an effective and acceptable means of disseminating information among youths. Over 90 percent of respondents applied the health information to their own lives, suggesting that peer health education can also have an influence on health behaviors of youths. Within the context of a developing country, peer health education was found to be culturally appropriate and allowed for the efficient utilization of local resources.

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Rolfe, M., C. M. Tang, S. Sabally, J. E. Todd, E. B. Sam, and A. B. Hatib N'jie. "Psychosis and Cannabis Abuse in the Gambia." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 6 (December 1993): 798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.6.798.

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Cannabis abuse is a major public health problem in The Gambia and other parts of West Africa, and the rise in the incidence of psychotic illness reflects the increased background use of cannabis by the local population. A case-control study was performed to determine the association between psychosis and cannabis abuse in The Gambia and the importance of other risk factors. Out of 234 patients admitted to Campama Psychiatric Unit over 12 months, 210 (90%) were enrolled in a case-control study. Urine was tested for cannabinoid substances and 38% were positive compared with 12% of matched non-psychotic control subjects. Analysis of the matched pairs showed that a positive urinary cannabinoid test, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, travel to Europe and family history of mental illness were all significant risk factors for psychotic illness; Koranic education reduced the risk. There was a positive correlation among the psychotic patients between a positive urinary cannabinoid test and the use of alcohol, ataya tea and cigarette smoking; a family history of mental illness showed a negative correlation.

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Benett, Yves. "The supply side of the vocational skills training market in the Gambia." Journal of Vocational Education & Training 54, no. 2 (June 2002): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13636820200200200.

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Bloomfield, Peter, Margaret Mackintosh, Barry Costas, Eric Dell, Sally Graham, David Quinn, and Lyn Trodd. "Creative approaches to staff development: global education in ITE in The Gambia." Education 3-13 35, no. 2 (May 2007): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004270701311952.

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Sanneh, Kawsu. "An Overview of the Halal Industry in the Gambia with Islamic Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of Religious and Social Studies 1, no. 02 (August 22, 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53583/jrss02.0102.2021.

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This study discusses an overview of the halal industry in The Gambia which is the smallest country in mainland Africa. Halal Industry has emerged as a new sector in the global economy, the industry is worth 2.3 trillion U.S Dollars. It is currently dominated by Southeast Asia with Malaysia and Indonesia taking the lead, followed by other continents like the United States of America, Europe, and Africa. Islam is believed to have been practiced in West Africa since the 7th Century amounting to over 12 centuries of Islamic influence in the region. The Gambia is a country with a 95 percent Muslim population, necessitating consumer awareness of halal products and services. There are currently no established halal education institutes in The Gambia, which has had a significant impact on Muslim consumers' awareness of halal standards, spanning from local farmers to food vendors, local consumers, processing industries, and importers. The lack of formal halal education institutions stands out as the most noticeable challenge. However, the vibrant Muslim population offers the highest opportunity. The paper is compiled from primary and secondary sources including government agencies, private firms, local consumers, journal articles, books, etc to find out the awareness of halal products, opportunities, and challenges.

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Lowe, Mat, Mamsamba Joof, and Bomar Mendez Rojas. "Social and cultural factors perpetuating early marriage in rural Gambia: an exploratory mixed methods study." F1000Research 8 (January 13, 2020): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21076.2.

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Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies to decrease early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents, focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents, and eight key informant interviews with community-based decision makers. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: The study finds that ethnicity and the fear that girls may engage in premarital sex are two important factors associated with early marriage in rural Gambia. In addition, lack of meaningful alternatives to marriage including work opportunities in rural areas may also limit the options and resources available to girls, resulting in early wedlock. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in order to decrease early marriages in rural Gambia, future efforts should focus on understanding and addressing the role of ethnicity in determining marriage patterns and allaying the fear around premarital sex.The findings also suggest a need to provide girls with employment-oriented education including vocational skills which may result into more empowerment and a delay in marriage.

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Lowe, Mat, Mamsamba Joof, and Bomar Mendez Rojas. "Social and cultural factors perpetuating early marriage in rural Gambia: an exploratory mixed methods study." F1000Research 8 (January 24, 2020): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21076.3.

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Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies to decrease early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents, focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents, and eight key informant interviews with community-based decision makers. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: The study finds that ethnicity and the fear that girls may engage in premarital sex are two important factors associated with early marriage in rural Gambia. In addition, lack of meaningful alternatives to marriage including work opportunities in rural areas may also limit the options and resources available to girls, resulting in early wedlock. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in order to decrease early marriages in rural Gambia, future efforts should focus on understanding and addressing the role of ethnicity in determining marriage patterns and allaying the fear around premarital sex.The findings also suggest a need to provide girls with employment-oriented education including vocational skills which may result into more empowerment and a delay in marriage.

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Colley, Binta M. "Voices From The Gambia: Parents' Perspectives on Their Involvement in Their Children's Education." Childhood Education 90, no. 3 (April 15, 2014): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2014.910977.

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Igboanusi, Herbert. "The English-only language education policy in The Gambia and low literacy rates." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 17, no. 5 (November 22, 2013): 558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2013.851642.

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Huisman Koops, Lisa. "“Deñuy jàngal seen bopp” (They Teach Themselves): Children’s Music Learning in The Gambia." Journal of Research in Music Education 58, no. 1 (April 2010): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429409361000.

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The author investigated the teaching and learning processes among children in a suburban community of The Gambia, West Africa. Participants included children and adults in the community ( N = 101). The researcher used ethnographic techniques of participant and nonparticipant observation, interviews, and song and chant collection. Data consisted of field notes from observations of play and adult-centered musical events, interviews with children and adults, and transcripts of video and audio recordings. On the basis of the data, the researcher identified a music learning process consisting of listening, observing, doing, and combinations of the three. Children seemed to “teach themselves” and one another in many instances; interpretation of data suggested that this was facilitated by three factors: a rich musical environment, expectation to be musical, and motivation to learn. Possibilities for transfer of these three factors to elementary general music classrooms are suggested.

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Blimpo, Moussa P., Ousman Gajigo, and Todd Pugatch. "Financial Constraints and Girls’ Secondary Education: Evidence from School Fee Elimination in The Gambia." World Bank Economic Review 33, no. 1 (October 17, 2016): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhw051.

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Grossman, Hannah M. "Skill-Based Educational Video Creation in Gambia: a Participatory Video Project Review." TechTrends 63, no. 3 (April 2, 2019): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00393-3.

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Martínez Pérez, Guillermo, and Anna Pascual García. "Nutritional Taboos among the Fullas in Upper River Region, The Gambia." Journal of Anthropology 2013 (August 12, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/873612.

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Malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of children in the world. In The Gambia, malnutrition is one of the major public health problems. Among the factors determining its high prevalence, cultural norms play a crucial role. Food taboos influence the amount, frequency, and quality of nutrients that mothers and children consume. In this qualitative study carried out in the Upper River Region, The Gambia, seventeen mothers whose ethnic affiliation is Fulla were interviewed. The objective was to describe their food taboos and how they influence their nutritional health. The findings of this study demonstrate that some of the taboos practiced by the Fulla may be regarded as contributing factors to protein-energy malnutrition in children and pregnant and lactating women. The findings will inform the design of future health education strategies targeting malnutrition in this specific cultural context.

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Kane, Thomas T., Rose De Buysscher, Tunde Taylor-Thomas, Tamara Smith, and Momodou Jeng. "Sexual Activity, Family Life Education, and Contraceptive Practice Among Young Adults in Banjul, The Gambia." Studies in Family Planning 24, no. 1 (January 1993): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2939214.

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Gajigo, Ousman. "Closing the education gender gap: estimating the impact of girls' scholarship program in The Gambia." Education Economics 24, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2014.985287.

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Paulete, Francisca E., and Blair Orr. "Combining Technical Competence and Stakeholder Impact in Environmental Education: The Gambia All Schools Nursery Competition." Applied Environmental Education & Communication 9, no. 1 (March 3, 2010): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15330150903566430.

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Jukes, Matthew C. H., and Elena L. Grigorenko. "Assessment of cognitive abilities in multiethnic countries: The case of the Wolof and Mandinka in the Gambia." British Journal of Educational Psychology 80, no. 1 (March 2010): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709909x475055.

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Dawson, Angela, and Balla Joof. "Seeing, thinking and acting against Malaria—A new approach to health worker training in rural Gambia." Education for Health: Change in Learning & Practice 18, no. 3 (November 1, 2005): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576280500307264.

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Cham, Bai, Noreen Dadirai Mdege, Linda Bauld, John Britton, and Umberto D’Alessandro. "Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke in Public Places and Barriers to the Implementation of Smoke-Free Regulations in The Gambia: A Population-Based Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 6263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126263.

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Introduction: Second-hand smoke is associated with more than 1.2 million deaths per year among non-smokers. Smoking in public places is prohibited in The Gambia but there is no information on the level of exposure to second-hand smoke among adolescents and adults 15–64 years. The aim of this study was to assess the level and predictors of exposure to second-hand smoke in public places and compliance with smoke-free regulations in The Gambia. Methods: A population-based survey was conducted in an established Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). A total of 4547 participants (15–64 years) from households within the Farafenni HDSS were interviewed at their homes but only 3343 were included in our analysis. Factors associated with exposure to second-hand smoke in public places were assessed by three different multivariable regression models. Results: Exposure to tobacco smoke in public places was high (66.1%), and higher in men (79.9%) than women (58.7%). Besides being male, less education, lower household income, urban residence and not aware of smoke-free regulations were strongly associated with exposure to second-hand smoke. Conclusion: Despite existing smoke-free regulations, reported exposure to second-hand smoke remains high in public places in The Gambia. The Ministry of Health should continue to strengthen their advocacy and sensitization programs to ensure smoke-free regulations are fully implemented. Some population subgroups are at a higher risk of exposure and could be targeted by interventions; and settings where these subgroups are exposed should be targeted by enforcement efforts.

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Fengju, Dai, and Lin Xiao. "Book Review: Michele Schweisfurth, 2013. Learner-Centered Education in International Perspective: Whose pedagogy for whose development? Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London and New York." Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies 10, no. 2 (September 6, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201609063991.

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This book introduces the definition and provenance of LCE and analyses its application and implementation in global, national and local contexts with Bronfenbrenner’s eco-systemic theory and three narratives: cognition, emancipation and preparation with developing countries: Russia, Gambia, China and South Africa as its research cases. It finds out that inconsistency exists between policy and practice in process of implementation. Then, it comes to ten lessons concluded from the research and resolutions for the problems which exist in those research countries.

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Saidykhan, Lamin W., and Lamin B. Ceesay. "Quality of Work-Life Among Employees of The University of The Gambia." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 230–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.83.7920.

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Quality of work-life (QWL) is concerned with the welfare and satisfaction of employees on the job as well as off the job. The purpose of this research is to undertake a combination of descriptive study - to ascertain and explain the level of QWL among the employees of the University of The Gambia – and hypothesis testing - to establish the relationship between QWL and demographic factors of the respondents. Summary of the results indicate that interestingly, four aspects of QWL stand in employees’ evaluation as “moderate-to-high” motivators such as relations and co-operations, autonomy of work, and organizational culture and climate. However, to “moderate-to-low” level of motivation with QWL aspects has been reported, such as job satisfaction and job security, training and development, work environment, adequacy of resources, compensation and rewards, and facilities. Moreover, results also indicate that respondents differ significantly in their QWL in terms of designation, education and monthly salary. They however do not differ significantly in their QWL in terms of gender, age and work experience. Our original contribution to research is that we examine an application of QWL in a context (i.e. UTG) that has not existed in extant literature. The result also provides managerial implications that is unique to the case under study, which confirms the multidisciplinary nature of QWL. Thus, although these results slightly vary with few studies, our results confirm findings of several other scholars.

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McGlynn, Caroline, and Peter Martin. "‘No vernacular’: tensions in language choice in a sexual health lesson in The Gambia." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 12, no. 2 (March 2009): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050802153145.

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Daly, Angela, Basiru Mbenga, and Alpha Camara. "Barriers to participation and retention: engaging and returning ‘out of school’ children in the Gambia." Education 3-13 44, no. 2 (June 20, 2014): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2014.929723.

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Shaib Emmanuel Oluwatobi, Jimoh Nurudeen Oluwaseun, and Ramon Sikiru Adekunle. "Social media tools and its effect on secondary school students’ academic achievement in The Gambia." Technium Social Sciences Journal 8 (May 12, 2020): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v8i1.553.

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Since the innovation and widespread usage of the internet in this 21st century, social Media tools have been swiftly embraced by children, teens, youths, adult and old people in the universe. These tools have improved communication in the educational sector by creating unlimited opportunities for academic professionals and students in research thereby enhancing the teaching-learning process. In spite of the efficacy of social media tools in education, there are trepidations on the effect of these tools on student’s academic achievement. Findings shows that majority of the students make use of Facebook because majority of them have access to it which will make them addicted and distracted by online activities and thus have a detrimental impact on their academic achievement. To this end, this paper recommends that students should create a balance in lifestyle and academic activities hence, attention should be directed towards research to enhance their knowledge.

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Stelle, Isabella, Lorraine K. McDonagh, Ilias Hossain, Anastasia Z. Kalea, and Dora I. A. Pereira. "The IHAT-GUT Iron Supplementation Trial in Rural Gambia: Barriers, Facilitators, and Benefits." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041140.

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Introduction: In most sub-Saharan African countries iron deficiency anaemia remains highly prevalent in children and this has not changed in the last 25 years. Supplementation with iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT) was being investigated in anaemic children in a phase two clinical trial (termed IHAT-GUT), conducted at the Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) (abbreviated as MRCG hereof). This qualitative study aimed to explore the personal perceptions of the trial staff in relation to conducting a clinical trial in such settings in order to highlight the health system specific needs and strengths in the rural, resource-poor setting of the Upper River Region in the Gambia. Methods: Individual interviews (n = 17) were conducted with local trial staff of the IHAT-GUT trial. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Potential barriers and facilitators to conducting this clinical trial were identified at the patient, staff, and trial management levels. Several challenges, such as the rural location and cultural context, were identified but noted as not being long-term inhibitors. Participants believed the facilitators and benefits outnumbered the barriers, and included the impact on education and healthcare, the ambitious and knowledgeable locally recruited staff, and the local partnership. Conclusions: While facilitators and barriers were identified to conducting this clinical trial in a rural, resource-poor setting, the overall impact was perceived as beneficial, and this study is a useful example of community involvement and partnership for further health improvement programs. To effectively implement a nutrition intervention, the local health systems and context must be carefully considered through qualitative research beforehand.

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Wannamakok, Wisuwat, Oumie Sissokho, and Trevor G. Gates. "Human rights and education for Gambian young women during COVID-19: Recommendations for social policy and practice." International Social Work 63, no. 6 (September 15, 2020): 825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872820952860.

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COVID-19 is not only a global health disaster but a full-fledged social, economic, and political crisis that could disrupt the gains made in women’s education and empowerment. In The Gambia, issues of unequal access to educational resources determined by gender, geographical location, and social class; a disproportionate burden of household chores imposed on women and girls; and economic pressures have the potential to expose girls to more violence, exclusion, and abuse. In this article, we use a human rights framework, as conceptualized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), and discuss increases in educational inequality that young women in a poor, conservative, and patriarchal society will face during the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose solutions to mitigate these issues through social protection policies and practices that can ensure the right to education for the most vulnerable and marginalized.

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Kim, Chaek. "Rethinking the Disjunctive Schooling Fields of Popular-World Music Education: Based on the Comparative Field Research in Gambia and Sweden." Korean Association for the Study of Popular Music, no. 23 (May 30, 2019): 95–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.36775/kjpm.2019.23.95.

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Elder, John, Paul Touchette, William Smith, Scott Geller, and Dennis Foote. "The Healthcom Project and the Behavioral Management of Diarrhea." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 8, no. 3 (October 1987): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mjy8-vuax-jf4h-tjj5.

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Sixteen million children die annually from causes which are largely preventable. Many of these deaths stem from malnutrition and diarrheal disease. This article presents a model of nutritional health and describes activities of the HEALTHCOM project related to nutritional health promotion and diarrheal disease control in developing countries. Specifically, HEALTHCOM includes a unique combination of communication and behavioral techniques for promoting health. One HEALTHCOM project took place in The Gambia where mass media and behavioral incentives proved a powerful combination in increasing mothers' knowledge of oral rehydration.

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Cham, Bai, Shaun Scholes, Linda Ng Fat, Omar Badjie, Nora Ellen Groce, and Jennifer S. Mindell. "The silent epidemic of obesity in The Gambia: evidence from a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional health examination survey." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e033882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033882.

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ObjectivesNon-communicable diseases account for 70% of global deaths; 80% occur in low-income and middle-income countries. The rapid increase of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa is a concern. We assessed generalised and abdominal obesity and their associated risk factors among adults in The Gambia.DesignNationwide cross-sectional health examination survey using the WHO STEPwise survey methods.SettingThe Gambia.ParticipantsThis study uses secondary analysis of a 2010 nationally representative random sample of adults aged 25–64 years (78% response rate). The target sample size was 5280, and 4111 responded. Analysis was restricted to non-pregnant participants with valid weight and height measurements (n=3533).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome variable was generalised obesity, using WHO body mass index (BMI) thresholds. Analyses used non-response weighting and adjusted for the complex survey design. We conducted multinomial logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with BMI categories. The secondary outcome variable was abdominal obesity, defined as high waist circumference (using the International Diabetes Federation thresholds for Europeans).ResultsTwo-fifths of adults were overweight/obese, with a higher obesity prevalence in women (17%, 95% CI 14.7 to 19.7; men 8%, 95% CI 6.0 to 11.0). 10% of men and 8% of women were underweight. Urban residence (adjusted relative risk ratio 5.8, 95% CI 2.4 to 14.5), higher education (2.3, 1.2 to 4.5), older age, ethnicity, and low fruit and vegetable intake (2.8, 1.1 to 6.8) were strongly associated with obesity among men. Urban residence (4.7, 2.7 to 8.2), higher education (2.6, 1.1 to 6.4), older age and ethnicity were associated with obesity in women.ConclusionThere is a high burden of overweight/obesity in The Gambia. While obesity rates in rural areas were lower than in urban areas, obesity prevalence was higher among rural residents in this study compared with previous findings. Preventive strategies should be directed at raising awareness, discouraging harmful beliefs on weight, and promoting healthy diets and physical activity.

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Jallow, Isatou K., John Britton, and Tessa Langley. "Prevalence and factors associated with exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among young people: a cross-sectional study from the Gambia." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e019524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019524.

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BackgroundAnnually, 600 000 deaths are attributed to exposure of non-smokers to secondhand smoke (SHS). These include 165 000 among children, about 60% of which occur in Africa and Southeast Asia. As of 2017, only seven countries in the African region had comprehensive smoke-free legislation covering all public places. Given the increasing prevalence of smoking in many low-income countries, preventing exposure to SHS is an urgent public health priority, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to obtain a reliable and nationally representative estimate of the prevalence of exposure to SHS and to identify the major risk factors among young people in The Gambia.Settings and methodsWe used a two-stage cluster random sampling to select students in secondary schools throughout The Gambia and a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on demographic characteristics and detailed indicators of exposure to SHS.ResultsOf the 10 392 eligible students, 10 289 (99%; 55% girls and 44% boys, age 12–20 years) participated. The proportion of students reporting any exposure to SHS was 97.0% (enclosed public places 59.2%, outdoor public places 61.4%, school 21.3% and home 38.2%), with 96.4% reporting some exposure outside the home. Exposure to SHS in the home was more common in girls and among older students. Parental education, living with parents and being sent to purchase cigarettes were associated with exposure to SHS both within and outside the home. More than 50% of students supported public smoking ban in both enclosed and outdoor public places. About 35% of students were unaware of the harmful effects of exposure to SHS.ConclusionsExposure to SHS is highly prevalent among students in The Gambia and occurs mostly outside of the home. Interventions to reduce SHS exposure in students are urgently needed.

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Fatty, Lamin K. M., Prof Idu Ogbe Ode, and Igbana Ajir. "THE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES MODE OF OPERATION IN HORTICULTURAL SCHEMES IN WEST COAST REGION IN KOMBO CENTRAL AND NORTH OF THE GAMBIA." International Journal of Advanced Economics 3, no. 2 (June 6, 2021): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v3i2.230.

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The study assesses agricultural extension services mode of operation in horticultural farms for smallholder farmers in Kombo Central and North, West Coast Region of The Gambia. The instruments designed to gather the primary data include; structured interview and focus group discussions (FGD) supported by secondary data using official documents and key informant interview for verification. The target population consisted of 398 respondents, 10 extension officers and three extension agent heads. The data was quantitatively analyzed using percentages, frequency distribution tables, t-test, chi-squared test correlation and factorial analysis. Qualitative data from the in-depth interviews were also analyzed and presented appropriately. It was found that the variables on the influence of extension services (availability of AES, extension visit, farm size, marital status, experience in farming, education, farm group, transportation, post-harvest technology training and distance to market) are significantly associated with the horticultural smallholder farmers post-harvest losses. It means that there is a significant relationship between extension availability and post-harvest handling at p < 0.05 level of significance. The research comes out with the following recommendations; the need for continued research, development and investment programmes in extension, effective and efficient communication to the farmers, availability of horticultural production, government policy aimed at training and developing farmer capacity in appropriate monitoring systems of extension services, road improvement in the study areas and creating better improvement conditions for the extension agents. The study proves the need to improve the living conditions of services for extension services and availability of extension officers at a regular base with appropriate knowledge and skills. Keywords: Agricultural Extension Services, mode of Operation in horticultural Schemes, West Coast Region, Kombo Central, North, The Gambia.

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Solanke, Bola Lukman, Joseph Ayodeji Kupoluyi, John Olugbenga Abe, and Olatunji Taofik Bankole. "Polygyny and Resources for Empowerment and Equality in Anglo-Phone West Africa: Implications for Childbearing and Women’s Well-Being." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 17 (June 30, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n17p174.

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In West Africa, polygyny remained a common type of marriage. However, in spite of numerous studies exploring polygyny, the relationship between polygyny and access to resources for empowerment and equality is not well-ascertained in West Africa. This study addresses this gap by raising the question: to what extent does polygyny explains access to resources for empowerment and equality among married women? Data were extracted from 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys in The Gambia, Nigeria and Sierra-Leone. The outcome variable is access to resources for empowerment and equality measured by access to education, employment and barriers to accessing health care. The key explanatory variable is type of marriage with specific attention to polygyny. Multivariate multiple regression was applied using Stata 12. Results showed that polygyny was negatively associated with access to education in the studied countries; positively associated with access to employment in the studied countries; and negatively associated with access to health in Nigeria and Sierra Leone. It is important to refocus national attention to improving the capabilities of women because economic empowerment will not only improve women’s well-being, it will also translate to the reduction of childbearing pressures among women.

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Jones, Gareth A., and Sylvia Chant. "Globalising initiatives for gender equality and poverty reduction: Exploring ‘failure’ with reference to education and work among urban youth in The Gambia and Ghana." Geoforum 40, no. 2 (March 2009): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.07.008.

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Bendiksen, Bothild, Trond Heir, Fabakary Minteh, Mai Mahgoub Ziyada, Rex A. Kuye, and Inger-Lise Lien. "The association between physical complications following female genital cutting and the mental health of 12-year-old Gambian girls: A community-based cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245723.

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Background Female genital cutting (FGC) involve an acute physical trauma that hold a potential risk for immediate and long-term complications and mental health problems. The aim of this study was to examine the prediction of depressive symptoms and psychological distress by the immediate and current physical complications following FGC. Further, to examine whether the age at which 12-year-old Gambian girls had undergone the procedure affected mental health outcomes. Method This cross-sectional study recruited 134 12-year-old girls from 23 public primary schools in The Gambia. We used a structured clinical interview to assess mental health and life satisfaction, including the Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (SMFQ), the Symptom check list (SCL-5) and Cantril’s Ladder of Life Satisfaction. Each interview included questions about the cutting procedure, immediate- and current physical complications and the kind of help and care girls received following FGC. Results Depressive symptoms were associated with immediate physical health complications in a multivariate regression model [RR = 1.08 (1.03, 1.12), p = .001], and with present urogenital problems [RR = 1.19 (1.09, 1.31), p < .001]. The girls that received medical help following immediate complications had a lower risk for depressive symptoms [RR = .73 (.55, .98), p = .04]. Psychological distress was only associated with immediate complications [RR = 1.04 (1.01, 1.07), p = .004]. No significant differences in mental health outcomes were found between girls who underwent FGC before the age of four in comparison to girls who underwent FGC after the age of four. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the immediate and long-term complications following FGC have implications for psychological health. Only a minimal number of girls received medical care when needed, and the dissemination of health education seems crucial in order to prevent adverse long-term physical and psychological health consequences.

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Manion, Caroline, and Francine Menashy. "The Prospects and Challenges of Reforming the World Bank's Approach to Gender and Education: Exploring the Value of the Capability Policy Model in The Gambia." Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 14, no. 2 (May 2013): 214–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2012.693909.

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Wenning, Brianne. "An Ethnographic Perspective of Well-Being, Salutogenesis and Meaning Making among Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the Gambia and the United Kingdom." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090324.

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Research on refugees and asylum seekers largely focuses on the negative impacts that forced migration has on well-being. Though most individuals do not experience poor long-term mental health because of forced migration, less attention has been given to what factors promote positive well-being. Using an ethnographic approach, I elucidate how the concept of salutogenesis can be applied to African refugees and asylum seekers living in the greater Serrekunda area of the Gambia and in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the United Kingdom. Specifically, I explore what resources impact on the sense of coherence construct and its three components—comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness—and how these are embedded in everyday discussions and understandings. In total, I spent twenty months conducting ethnographic fieldwork between the two sites and conducted forty individual interviews. Amongst my interlocutors, the three most common resources that people spoke positively about, particularly as it relates to meaning making, are work, education and religion. Further research in this area is crucial in order to identify, promote and strengthen those factors facilitating positive well-being amongst those who have been forcibly displaced.

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Alter, Karen J., Laurence Helfer, and Jacqueline R. McAllister. "A New International Human Rights Court for West Africa: The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice." American Journal of International Law 107, no. 4 (October 2013): 737–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.4.0737.

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The Community Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS Court) is an increasingly active and bold adjudicator of human rights. Since acquiring jurisdiction over human rights complaints in 2005, theECOWASCourt has issued numerous decisions condemning human rights violations by the member states of the Economic Community of West African States (Community). Among this Court’s path-breaking cases are judgments against Niger for condoning modern forms of slavery and against Nigeria for impeding the right to free basic education for all children. TheECOWASCourt also has broad access and standing rules that permit individuals and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to bypass national courts and file suits directly with the Court. Although the Court is generally careful in the proof that it requires of complainants and in the remedies that it demands of governments, it has not shied away from politically courageous decisions, such as rulings against the Gambia for the torture of journalists and against Nigeria for failing to regulate multinational companies that have degraded the environment of the oil-rich Niger Delta.

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Manion, Caroline. "Power, knowledge and politics: Exploring the contested terrain of girl-focused interventions at the national launch of the United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative in The Gambia." Theory and Research in Education 10, no. 3 (November 2012): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878512459393.

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Harber, Clive. "Democracy, development and education: Working with The Gambian inspectorate." International Journal of Educational Development 26, no. 6 (November 2006): 618–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.02.004.

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Juffermans, Kasper. "‘Do you want me to translate this in English or in a better Mandinka language?’: Unequal literacy regimes and grassroots spelling practices in peri-urban Gambia." International Journal of Educational Development 31, no. 6 (November 2011): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.02.003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Education in The Gambia'

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