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1

Cheung, Alan C. K. "How Should Education in Rural Areas be Reformed?" Science Insights Education Frontiers 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/sief.21.co015.

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Rural areas are the product of the development of productivity to a certain stage. Generally, rural areas are geographical areas located outside of cities and towns. The Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines the term “rural” as “...not including all population, housing, and territory in urban areas. Anything that is not in a city is regarded as a rural area” (HRSA, 2021). From the perspective of production methods, rural areas refer to “a place where people mainly engaged in agricultural production live together” (The Dictionary Editing Office of the Institute of Languages, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2005). When productivity has not yet reached a high level of development, there are still essential differences between urban and rural areas. Affected by economic transformation and geographical location, rural economic growth has been restricted. According to United Nations statistics, in 2018, the rural population accounted for more than half of the global population, and the rural poor accounted for 79% of the worldwide poverty population; the poverty rate in rural areas was more than three times that of urban areas. Of the 2 billion people in the world who do not have basic health services, 70% live in rural areas; the ratio of energy access in rural areas is about 75%, while that in urban areas is 96% (United Nations General Assembly, 2018).
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2

Mutiah, Sarah Ayu, and Istiqomah Istiqomah. "Determinants of Household Food Security in Urban Areas." JEJAK 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2017): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v10i1.9130.

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Food security at household level is a very important precondition to foster the national and regional food security. Many people migrate to urban areas in the hope of improving their welfare. Generally people think that in the city there are more opportunities, but the opposite is true. The problem is more complex in the city especially for people who do not have adequate skills and education. This study aims to address whether age of household head, household size, education level of household head, income, and distribution of subsidized rice policy affect the food security of urban poor households in Purbalingga district. A hundred respondents were selected from four top villages in urban areas of Purbalingga with the highest level of poverty. Using binary logistic regression, this study finds significant positive effect of education of household head and household income and significant negative effect of household size and raskin on household food security, while age of household head has no significant effect on household food security. The results imply the need for increased awareness of family planning, education, improved skills, and increased control of the implementation of subsidized rice for the poor.
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Poikolainen, Jaana, and Kati Honkanen. "Urban residential areas as children’s learning places and spaces." Nordic Studies in Education 39, no. 02 (June 21, 2019): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn.1891-5949-2019-02-02.

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4

Ju, Fangyu, Shuqing Wang, and Wei Lin. "Nonlinear Effect of Urbanization on the Gap between Urban and Rural Elementary Education in China." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7025433.

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The urban-rural gap of elementary education seriously affects social fairness, so the study on the urban-rural gap of elementary education can help promote social fairness in China. China’s urbanization is an important variable affecting the social process, and its impact on the urban-rural gap of elementary education is worthy of further study. Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2006 to 2017, this paper uses the Theil index to measure the urban-rural gap in different aspects of elementary education and uses principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a comprehensive index to objectively measure the urban-rural gap of overall elementary education in China. Our results show that the gap between urban and rural areas in China’s elementary education showed an upward trend from 2006 to 2010, and the gap decreased year by year from 2010 to 2017. Then we used the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model to study the impact of urbanization on the urban-rural gap of elementary education in China and find evidence that urbanization has a nonlinear effect on the urban-rural gap of elementary education. That is, in economically underdeveloped areas, urbanization exacerbates the gap between urban and rural areas in elementary education, while in economically developed areas, urbanization narrows the gap between urban and rural areas in elementary education. Therefore, developing economy and continuing to promote urbanization are effective measures to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas in elementary education.
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5

Cibulka, James G. "Education in Urban Areas: Cross-National Dimensions. Nelly P. Stromquist." Comparative Education Review 39, no. 4 (November 1995): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/447348.

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6

Zhang, Dandan, Xin Li, and Jinjun Xue. "Education Inequality between Rural and Urban Areas of the People's Republic of China, Migrants’ Children Education, and Some Implications." Asian Development Review 32, no. 1 (March 2015): 196–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00042.

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Education inequality between the rural and urban areas of the People's Republic of China (PRC)—a potential bottleneck for human capital accumulation—has long been of interest to researchers and policymakers. This paper uses data from the China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) and the Rural–Urban Migration in China (RUMiC) survey to compare the education performance of rural children, children of rural-to-urban migrants, and urban children over the period 2009–2010. Results show that education performance of rural children and migrants’ children is significantly lower than that of their urban counterparts even after accounting for differences in personal attributes such as nutrition and parenting style. This provides useful insights for policymaking to reduce rural–urban education inequality and assist human capital accumulation in the PRC.
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7

Koshy, Valsa, Carole Portman Smith, and Joanna Brown. "Parenting ‘gifted and talented’ children in urban areas." Gifted Education International 33, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261429414535426.

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International evidence demonstrates the importance of engaging parents in the education of their ‘high-potential’ children, yet limited research has focused on the involvement of parents from differing economic strata/backgrounds. The current study explored the dilemmas of parenting academically high-ability children from economically deprived urban areas in the UK. Data were gathered from a sample of parents whose children attended a university-based sustained intervention programme for designated ‘gifted’ pupils aged 12–16. Parental perceptions were sought in relation to (a) the usefulness/impact of the intervention programme, (b) parents’ aspirations for their children growing up in economically deprived urban areas and (c) parents’ views on the support provided by the extended family, peer groups and the wider community. The findings have significant implications for both policy and practice and, more specifically, for engaging parents in intervention programmes offered by universities and schools to children in order to increase their access to higher education and for enhancing their life chances.
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8

Rennhack, A. M. O., D. M. W. Zee, E. S. Cunha, and M. F. Portilho. "Topics of Environmental Education Program in Coastal Areas." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 9 (May 1, 1992): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0227.

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Researches and Studies made by the Department of Oceanography of the Institute of Geoscience of the State University of Rio de Janeiro UERJ, evidenced the need for educational support where environment-related questions were concerned. A wide range of environment problems tend to concentrate in coastal areas, owing to disordinate urban growth combined with the lack of substructure to cope with it A large number of these problems can be minimized through the participation of the local community. Thus the goals of environmental education are to supply information, to promote a change in the population's attitude toward environmental problems, besides stimulating its participation by fostering its sense of responsibility. Preliminary results have demonstrated that the community has shown great interest in the work that has been proposed, and it has contributed with participation, promising response. Environmental education is fundamental when we consider possible solutions for environmental problems in coastal urban centers. Only by educating the main cause of environmental problems, man himself, will it be possible to consider the question starting from its very origin. This abstract presents two pioneer experiments in the Municipio of Rio de Janeiro, which are “Muito Prazer Marapendi” (“Glad to know you, Marapendi”) and “Troca de Areias da Praia de Copacabana” (“Exchange of Sands in Copacabana Beach”).
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9

Gadsden, Vivian L., and Ezekiel J. Dixon-Román. "“Urban” Schooling and “Urban” Families." Urban Education 52, no. 4 (August 3, 2016): 431–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085916652189.

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Conceptualizations of urban context and place in research, practice, and policy are relational, ranging from spatial dimensions to cultural practices of children, families, and communities in metropolitan areas. In this article, we focus on the inherent complexity of these conceptualizations and long-standing debates in education and social science research that label urban as a point of both identity and designation. We position urban context itself as a genre of thinking and imagining; challenges complicated in research, scholarship, and policy; practice and pedagogy; and public will and political rhetoric, influencing educational options and spanning issues from poverty to schooling.
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10

Fernandez, Joseph. "The Status of Public Education in Our Nation's Large Urban Areas." Public & Access Services Quarterly 1, no. 3 (November 6, 1995): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j119v01n03_02.

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11

Yagmur, Kutlay. "Multilingualism and language diversity in urban areas: acquisition, identities, space, education." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 37, no. 2 (November 6, 2014): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2014.973655.

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12

Tamayo, Mauro, Jame Rebolledo, and Alvaro Besoaín-Saldaña. "Monitoring inclusive education in Chile: Differences between urban and rural areas." International Journal of Educational Development 53 (March 2017): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.01.002.

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13

Dewi, Nesyana, and Melti Roza Adry. "ANALISIS PENGARUH SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI SUMATERA BARAT (STUDI KASUS DAERAH PERKOTAAN)." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i1.8864.

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This study aims to determine the effect of education, income per capita, age and knowledge on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera. This study uses secondary data in the form of cross section data of urban West Sumatera. Data obtained from BPS- Susenas West Sumatera. This study uses logistic regression analysis. The result of this study indicate that (1) education has not significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera (2) income per capita has not significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera (3) age has not significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera (4) knowledge has a significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera
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14

Dwi, Nesyana, and Melti Roza Adry. "Analisis Pengaruh Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Pengelolaan Sampah di Sumatera Barat (Studi Kasus Daerah Perkotaan)." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i2.12634.

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This study aims to determine the effect of education, income per capita, age and knowledge on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera. This study uses secondary data in the form of cross section data of urban West Sumatera. Data obtained from BPS- Susenas West Sumatera. This study uses logistic regression analysis. The result of this study indicate that (1) education has not significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera (2) income per capita has not significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera (3) age has not significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera (4) knowledge has a significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera
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15

Luetke-Stahlman, Barbara. "Deaf Education in Rural/Remote Areas: Using Compressed/Interactive Television." Rural Special Education Quarterly 14, no. 4 (December 1995): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687059501400406.

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Compressed/interactive video is a relatively new format for providing preservice and inservice courses to rural and/or remote areas (Willis, 1993). At the University of Kansas Medical Center only two programs, those of Nursing and the Deaf Education, have engaged in this format of distance education. While the methodology was expected to assist graduate students in areas of the state who could not travel to participate in courses on one of the three urban campuses, it was also expected to challenge instructors to teach effectively while still encouraging active learning activities. Surveys of questions to rural and urban students were given to 13 graduate students in two courses in the fall of 1992, and to three additional students in the fall of 1993. Analyzed results documented the success of the compressed/interactive (ITV) video teaching format for this small group of master level students in Kansas.
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16

Stile, Stephen W., and David Mitchell. "Factors Affecting Delivery of Special Education Programs in Non-Urban Areas of New Zealand." Rural Special Education Quarterly 14, no. 4 (December 1995): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687059501400404.

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This project was conducted to identify factors which affect delivery of special education programs in non-urban areas of New Zealand. The opinion of the New Zealand Ministry of Education (1991) was that education for children and youth with disabilities had developed in a piecemeal fashion which had led to a number of problems. Areas studied were (a) frequency of problems in non-urban areas, (b) additional problemactic factors, (c) perceptions of selected issues, (d) the affect of the size of the community in relation to service delivery, (e) possible solutions, and (f) comparison to prior findings in the United States. Information was gathered from Special Education Service (SES) area managers or their representatives on both the North and South islands, and from parents and educators at one secondary urban, one minor urban, and one rural primary school in the Waikato region of the North island.
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17

Simmons, Deborah. "Teaching in Natural Areas: what urban teachers feel is most appropriate." Environmental Education Research 2, no. 2 (May 1996): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350462960020202.

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18

Zheng, Hanxuan. "Research on the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education Resources." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 20 (October 18, 2022): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v20i.2391.

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The development of compulsory education in China has shifted from popularizing 9-year compulsory education to optimizing the allocation of resources for compulsory education. In this process, problems such as the disparity of teachers between urban and rural areas, the shortage of funds in remote areas and weak schools, and the shortage of teaching equipment have arisen. The difference in policy orientation and economic level leads to t school-choosing fees which further exacerbates the gap in the development of compulsory education between schools. This paper studies the situation of the allocation of educational resources between urban and rural areas, analyze the reasons from the perspectives of government policies, traditional concepts, and economic levels, and puts forward suggestions for optimizing the allocation of compulsory education resources, aiming to reduce the gap between urban and rural areas and between schools and achieve compulsory education in China. Balanced development.
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19

Danilina, Nina. "URBAN PLANNING EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITIES." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 3(27) (October 1, 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-36-43.

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Modern urban planning educational trend defines the sustainable development of smart cities as one of the most dynamic areas of city policies around the world. A smart city is a high-tech urban living environment in which innovative solutions are embedded in its constituent elements and processes to improve its quality and living standards. The concept of a smart city is aimed at sustainable development of urban areas and offers technology as a tool for solving problems in the field of planning, design, integrated engineering landscaping, as well as in the provision of urban services to the population. The article discusses the contents of the smart city concept, which reflects the main directions of the curriculum of the master's program «Sustainable Smart City». Its main purpose is to prepare urban planners who have professional competencies in the development of smart cities in the implementation of urban processes.
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20

Martin, Alexander James Fricke, and Andrew Almas. "Arborists and Urban Foresters Support for Urban Wildlife and Habitat Sustainability: Results of an Urban Ecology-Focused Survey of Arborists." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315962.

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Urbanization is causing fragmentation of natural areas and impacting urban wildlife populations. Sustainability of wildlife and their habitat in arboriculture has focused on three key areas: retaining wildlife snags and beneficial-tree features (e.g., hollows/cavities), education of arborists and the public, and the adoption of systems-level thinking into arboriculture (i.e., the consideration of wildlife in risk matrices and pruning objectives). We surveyed 805 arborists using an international online survey to examine how arborists perceive these key areas of wildlife conservation and sustainability in urban forest management. Systems-level thinking was the highest rated method for arborists to support urban wildlife, followed by the retaining of wildlife snags. Education and the involvement of conservation groups received lower ratings, and the retainment of branches with hollows or cavities received the lowest ratings. In selecting important factors for wildlife snag retainment, arborists were most concerned with tree risk and targets, followed by setting (urban versus rural) and use of the tree by wildlife. Other factors that are the concern of urban ecologists were less important to respondents. Our findings support continued urban ecology education for arborists which focuses on whole/complex systems thinking to develop sustainable urban forest management practices which benefit urban wildlife.
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Corr, Catherine, Christine Spence, Deserai Miller, Ashley Ann Marshall, and Rosa Milagros Santos. "Beyond “Hoping for the Best”: Home Visits in Impoverished Urban Areas." Young Exceptional Children 21, no. 2 (October 19, 2016): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096250616674332.

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22

Bell, Teri L., Kay Sather Bull, Jeanne M. Barrett, Diane Montgomery, and Adrienne E. Hyle. "Future Special Education Teachers Perceptions of Rural Teaching Environments." Rural Special Education Quarterly 12, no. 4 (December 1993): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687059301200405.

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For many rural communities, the recruitment and retention of special educators has emerged as a prominent concern. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes of future special educators regarding urban, suburban, and rural teaching environments. Specifically, research objectives focused on social, cultural, personal and professional attitudes, future career decisions, and their relationship to teaching locale. Findings indicate that, generally, special education students had chosen their career field for altruistic reasons. The variables that drew beginning teachers to school districts were care for students, parental involvement and educational resources. Districts which could provide these should have few recruiting problems, no matter where they were located. However, if all other things are equal, the majority (60%) desired suburban placements, 23% desired rural placements and urban placements came in last. Students who grew up in rural areas were more likely to favor returning to rural areas to teach than those from urban or suburban areas, but only 20% of rurally raised students would prefer returning to rural districts. Salaries do not seem to be an issue for any except those who want to teach in urban areas.
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23

Umer Arshad. "Unequal education opportunity in Pakistan for rural and urban areas and its evolution." Pacific International Journal 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v1i1.35.

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Since independence, with the expansion of the scale of Pakistani’s education, the level of education, urban and rural residents has been improving year by year, but the educational inequality problems have not been effectively solved. The Survey of the last two decades shows the influence of education, household registration, family, social and economic status, parental education, a number of brothers and sisters, which has been evaluated on three factors high school, college, and university. The study found that the high school entrance opportunity differences in urban and rural areas have not been changed, technical college, college, or university entrance opportunities between urban and rural areas have potentially expanded, father’s occupational status affects children’s education but other factors remain same. The study shows that since 1981 no obvious change in unequal educational opportunities, the other rising trend in educational inequality due to the different number of brothers and sisters. The study shows that after the independence of Pakistan, the education structures and evolution of inequality should be focused on people’s micro mechanism of education decision.
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24

Ahmed, Ayjaz, and Hira Mujahid. "An Empirical Study of Educational Inequalities in Rural and Urban Areas of Pakistan." International Journal of Experiential Learning & Case Studies 6, no. 1 (September 25, 2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/ijelcs.v6i1.555.

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The central object of this paper is to give detailed analysis of educational disparity in Pakistan. This study is examined all over provinces of rural and urban of Pakistan including Islamabad for the period of 2014-15 and the data is used from PSLM. In particular, we calculate education inequality all over the population and beyond the employed population. This study is investigated individually male and female having age equal to 15 years and over and are not being enrolled in any educational institutions. The study finds that there is lack of education over the populace. Whereas, strength of education disparity is extremely low athwart in employed people. When we compare rural-urban areas of Pakistan. The study find that urban areas are less disparity in education as compare to rustic areas. The study also investigates that education inequality are extra serious amid female than male. The province wise contrast shows that education inequality is high in Baluchistan and Sindh while there is less education disparity is Islamabad.
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Jantakat, Yaowaret, Pongpun Juntakut, and Pradeep Shresth. "Assessing Sustainable Green Areas based on Ecological Niche Role in Urban Education Institute." International Journal of Building, Urban, Interior and Landscape Technology (BUILT) 19 (June 29, 2022): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/built.v19.246333.

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Green areas are so critical in urban communities for making environments healthier and more livable. The objectives of this study were to assess sustainable green areas and to study their ecological niches in an urban education institute. Rajamangala University of Technology Isan (RMUTI) at Nakhonratchasima City Municipality (NCM) was selected as the study area. The spatial assessment of sustainable green areas used guidelines of the policy action plan for sustainable urban green area management by the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) and then sustainable green areas were analyzed by the Ecological Niche Model (ENM) in Biomapper to check the distribution and durability of the existing trees to the current environment.The study found that sustainable green area in RMUTI at NCM is about 54.23% with 1,176 trees, which is in accordance with the policy action plan of ONEP that has suggested at least 30% of the land parcel being the sustainable green area in urban education institute. In the area of RMUTI, we mostly found type 2 (multiple-use) and type 3 (environmental preservation), respectively. Such two-green type was not only confirmed by assessing the highest accuracy of ENM (AVI and CVI =1.00) but they also preferred niche factors: annual precipitation for type 2 and annual temperature for type 3. Consequently, tree distribution in type 2 and 3 will have more ability of highly sustainable green areas than other green types. These results are explicitly showed that if green type has many distributions of studied trees, it will be a possibility of sustainable green areas. Furthermore, knowledge of ENM will help to plan the suitable tree species to right green areas and their current environment. Consequently, this study can be an example for assessing sustainable green areas-based ENM and implementing in other urban education institutes.
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Oktavia, Alfonsa Reni, Ahmad Syafiq, and Asih Setiarini. "Faktor – Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Konsumsi Buah-Sayur Pada Remaja Di Daerah Rural-Urban, Yogyakarta." JURNAL KEPERAWATAN RAFLESIA 1, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jkr.v1i1.400.

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Vegetable consumption of the Indonesian population is still low in the teen age group both in rural and urban areas. Consumption of fruits and vegetables in adolescents is important for preventing degenerative diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescents in rural-urban areas. This study used a cross-sectional research design in Yogyakarta with 196 rural-urban teens. The analysis used was univariate, bivariate, analysis. The results showed that teenagers in urban areas ate less vegetables. Whereas in teenagers in rural areas, they consume less fruit. There is a significant relationship between vegetable consumption in adolescents in rural areas with father's education level (p = 0.031) and self-image perception (p = 0.041), while in urban areas there is a significant relationship between vegetable consumption and self-image perception (p = 0.049) and education in adolescents (p = 0.047). Fruit consumption in adolescents in rural areas that are significantly related is the perception of body image (p = 0.016), while in adolescents in urban areas that are significantly related is monthly money (p = 0.003). Suggestions that can be given are provide health education about the importance of the benefits of vegetables and fruit.
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Schaffer, Connie L., Meg White, and Corine M. Brown. "A Tale of Three Cities: Defining Urban Schools Within the Context of Varied Geographic Areas." Education and Urban Society 50, no. 6 (June 7, 2017): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124517713605.

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What constitutes an urban school? This question has confounded social researchers and educators who often limit definitions to population data. H. Richard Milner suggested a framework for defining urban schools that includes population data as well as the racial and social context of schools. This article applied Milner’s model to school districts in New York, Nebraska, and New Mexico which exemplified Milner’s categories of urban schools: urban intensive, urban emergent, and urban characteristic. Application of the framework to the districts presents a model for teacher educators to deliver two important components of preservice preparation. First, the model can assist preservice teachers to challenge their existing perceptions of urban schools. Second, establishing a framework provides teacher educators the opportunity to guide preservice teachers to view urban schools through a Critical Race Theory lens. Through this lens, preservice teachers can begin to realize the impact of systemic racism within education.
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Belkayalı, Nur, and Yavuz GÜLOĞLU. "The Effect of Education on the Preservation of Historical Urban Environment: The Sample of Kastamonu Urban Protected Area." International Journal of Modern Education Studies 2, no. 2 (January 3, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51383/ijonmes.2018.30.

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Urban historical environments are one of the most prominent and effective ones of some components to whom citizens can consubstantiate themselves to cities, and give identity to them and time perspective to living spaces of the cities. These areas are not only the histories of a society but also its memory, culture and even future. Therefore, the conservation of urban protected areas is not just a responsibility for local people living in these areas also a responsibility for all society. Conserving and ensuring sustainability of these areas is just possible with a process on which area participants involve.In order for the area shareholders to play an effective role in this process, they should be aware of the benefit of the area for them. It is continuously emphasized in the studies that education is important in providing this awareness. In the scope of this study, it is tried to be identified how the education levels of people who live in and around Kastamonu Protected area, who visit and administrate Kastamonu affects the perspective of the protection of this area. It is identified that the view that the protection of the area negatively affects the life of the shareholders is inversely related to the education level by evaluating 376 questionnaire studies with regression analysis. It is considered that the perception that the increase in education level positively affect the life conditions of protected areas, and protecting these kinds of areas gain favor to all shareholders and become easier and more sustainable.
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Roberts, Amy, and Richard D. Lakes. "Middle-Class Mothers on Urban School Selection in Gentrifying Areas." Education and Urban Society 48, no. 3 (April 15, 2014): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124514530152.

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30

Sumida, Sugata, and Keisuke Kawata. "An analysis of the learning performance gap between urban and rural areas in sub-Saharan Africa." South African Journal of Education 41, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v41n2a1779.

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The learning gap between urban and rural areas is a persistent problem in many sub-Saharan African countries. Previous studies have found that the urban-rural learning gap is attributed to the fact that student characteristics and school resources are different in urban and rural areas. Our study updates this finding by using the latest dataset and further examines the changes in the attributed sources over time. Using 15 educational systems in sub-Saharan Africa, we examined 4 potential sources of the gap: student, family, teacher, and school characteristics. Our results reveal that the urban-rural learning gap in recent years is attributed mostly to differences in school and family characteristics. We also found that the attribution remains the same over time from 2004 to 2011 and that the attribution to family characteristics’ differences became slightly greater than the one to school characteristics’ differences.
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Sunmola, Kazeem, Johnson Olaosebikan, and Temitope Adeusi. "Determinants of Disparity in Desired Fertility among Married Women in Urban and Rural Areas of Southwest Nigeria." European Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 4 (November 27, 2021): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejhs.858.

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Purpose: The study examined the determinants of disparity in desired fertility among married women in urban and rural centres in Southwest Nigeria. Methodology: The study adopted a mixed method research design. A total number of one thousand one hundred and eighty-seven (1,187) women (urban=713; rural=474) of reproductive ages (15-49) years were drawn from Southwest States in Nigeria using multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire method was used to gather data from the field. Three levels of data analysis were undertaken to achieve the study objectives. Frequency distribution of socio-demographic factors by place of residence was used at the univariate stage of analyses, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used at the bivariate and multivariate levels of analysis. Findings: The results showed that more than three-quarter (79.4%) desired four children and below while more than one-fifth (20.6%) of the women desired 5 children and above. Higher percentage of women (84.8%) desired four children and below in rural area when compared with women in urban centres (75.7%). However, among those that desired 5 children and above higher proportion (24.3%) was found in the urban centres when compared with their counterpart in rural areas (15.2%). There is significant relationship (p<0.05) between desired number of children and education of women, husband’s education, religion, age of husband and birth interval urban areas while there is significant relationship between desired number of children and women and husbands’ education in rural areas. Further analysis showed that women’s education especially women with below secondary education had higher odds of desiring more children than those with post-secondary education (OR: 1.57; 95% C.I: 0.70-3.56). In addition, women whose husbands had no education, below secondary education and secondary education were less likely to desire more children in the urban areas than those with post-secondary education. In rural areas, there was significant relationship (p<0.05) between women whose husbands had no education, below secondary education and desired fertility. Women whose husbands had no education and those whose husbands had below secondary education were 16.94 and 2.93 more likely to desire more children than those in the reference category respectively. In addition, women who were Christian were more likely to desire more children in urban areas than their counterparts who were traditionalists. It was also discovered that women who spaced their births for twenty-four months and below were 0.51 times less likely to desire more children than their counterparts in the reference category (OR:0.51; 95%C.I 0.32-0.80). Recommendation: The study recommends that policy aimed at reducing the desired fertility in both urban and rural areas should be implemented with the hope that high fertility rate will be reduced to a manageable level.
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32

Martak, Yusuf Faisal, and Chotib Chotib. "Rate of Return on Education in Indonesia: The Privilege of A High Economic Group and Urban Areas." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 22, no. 1 (July 24, 2021): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v22i1.13006.

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Investing in education for an individual is one of the best ways to improve their welfare. However, each individual’s returns from education investment vary depending on individual characteristics, household, and regional support. This study aims to analyze the rate of return on education of individuals in Indonesia in general and based on the characteristics of the residence and the individual’s economic level. Using the Mincer equation, the results of the study show that urban types functionally and administratively have a higher average rate of return than functional and administrative rural areas of 2.9% and 1.9%, respectively. In addition, the rate of return to education at the economic level of quantile 5 in urban areas is 2 times higher than that of quantile 1 in urban areas and quantile 5 in rural areas.
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Seung-IL Na, Sangjin Ma, Haeng-mo Park, 조단비, Jin-Gu Kim, Chyul-Young Jyung, JaOek Gu, Moon Seyeon, and Chang Hosoon. "Exploring Action Plan for the Education Innovation by types of Rural Areas for Releasing Education Gaps between Urban and Rural Areas." Journal ofAgricultural Education and Human Resource Development 39, no. 1 (March 2007): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23840/agehrd.2007.39.1.35.

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34

Čajka, Peter, Veronica Grebennikova, Hoang Manh Trung Vu, and Van Tran Ngo. "University collaboration for co-designing sustainable urban areas." E3S Web of Conferences 301 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130103002.

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Our article tackles the timely and important issue of the university collaboration aimed at shaping up the sustainable urban areas and contributing to their development through the teaching and research. Universities provided qualified labour force, yield novel research solutions and act as hubs for entrepreneurial activity in urban areas. In this article, we show that even though most of the universities are concentrated in large urban centres and capital regions, many of them are located in small rural areas and have a profound effect on them. We also demonstrate the impact of universities on the sustainable development which is done through the sustainable education as well as the R&D approaches. These effects are very relevant for the co-designing of sustainable rural areas that can follow the principles of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the green policies imposed by the majority of the local and central governments around the world.
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35

Butters, Roger, Carlos Asarta, and Eric Thompson. "The Production of Economic Knowledge in Urban and Rural Areas: The Role of Student, Teacher, and School Characteristics." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 45, no. 1 (February 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800004545.

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Many states are adopting economic education standards for the K-12 curriculum, mandating economic education courses in rural and urban schools. We examine economic education outcomes for rural and urban students using test scores gathered during a national high school academic competition and by estimating a production function for economic education. We find only limited differences between the education production function in urban and rural settings and lower average scores for rural students. To close this gap, results suggest that rural schools should place economic content in the senior-year curriculum and provide teachers with increased postgraduate training in economics.
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36

Salvador, Karen, and Kristen Allegood. "Access to Music Education with Regard to Race in Two Urban Areas." Arts Education Policy Review 115, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10632913.2014.914389.

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37

Bao, Chuanyou. "Policies for Compulsory Education Disparity Between Urban and Rural Areas in China." Frontiers of Education in China 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11516-005-0003-y.

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38

O’Farrell, Paige, and Hung-Ling (Stella) Liu. "Gateway to Outdoors: Partnership and Programming of Outdoor Education Centers in Urban Areas." Education Sciences 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10110340.

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The purpose of the study is to understand the challenges and opportunities of urban outdoor education centers in partnership and programming. The context for this study involves efforts by all-season outdoor education centers, Outdoor Campus (OC), in two urban areas in South Dakota (SD). Outdoor education scope and social-ecological framework were applied to guide this qualitative study. Semi-structured interview questions were used to interview eight outdoor educators in 2019, including four individuals from each service location composed of three males and five female educators. Qualitative content analysis was applied to identify common themes and essential quotations that emerged from the data analyzed through the interviews. Three main themes emerged: (1) gateway to our outdoor legacy (2) working together for outdoor education, including three sub-themes: formal partnership, programmatic partnership, and finding balance in partnership, (3) challenges as opportunities in outdoor education programs, including two sub-themes: common challenges and evolving process.
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39

Kaufman, Julie E., and James E. Rosenbaum. "The Education and Employment of Low-Income Black Youth in White Suburbs." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 14, no. 3 (September 1992): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737014003229.

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This study examines education and employment outcomes of Black youth whose families moved from mostly Black urban housing projects to either mostly White suburbs or other mostly Black urban areas. The study examined high school retention, grades, track placement, college attendance, employment, wages, job prestige, and job benefits. Despite concerns about disadvantages due to discrimination and competition with White peers, the suburban youth did significantly better than urban youth in practically all areas. In the suburbs, mothers and youth pointed to positive effects of higher educational standards, additional academic help, greater access to information about college enrollment, and positive role models.
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40

Seidel, James S., Deborah Parkman Henderson, Patrick Ward, Barbara Wray Wayland, and Beverly Ness. "Pediatric Prehospital Care in Urban and Rural Areas." Pediatrics 88, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.4.681.

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There are limited data concerning pediatric prehospital care, although pediatric prehospital calls constitute 10% of emergency medical services activity. Data from 10 493 prehospital care reports in 11 counties of California (four emergency medical services systems in rural and urban areas) were collected and analyzed. Comparison of urban and rural data found few significant differences in parameters analyzed. Use of the emergency medical services system by pediatric patients increased with age, but 12.5% of all calls were for children younger than 2 years. Calls for medical problems were most common for patients younger than 5 years of age; trauma was a more common complaint in rural areas (64%, P = .0001). Frequency of vital sign assessment differed by region, as did hospital contact (P &lt; .0001). Complete assessment of young pediatric patients, with a full set of vital signs and neurologic assessment, was rarely performed. Advanced life support providers were often on the scene, but advanced life support treatments and procedures were infrequently used. This study suggests the need for additional data on which to base emergency medical services system design and some directions for education of prehospital care providers.
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41

Sukardi, Rendi Restiana, Wahyu Sopandi, Riandi ., Yuli Rahmawati, Syifahayu ., Meilinda ., Siti Maryam Rohimah, and Yullys Helsa. "Building Pupils’ Creativity at Lower Secondary School: Science Teachers’ Perspectives in Urban and Rural Areas." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 21, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.7.3.

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This study aims to investigate lower secondary science teachers’ perspectives of teaching strategies for developing pupils’ creativity as one of the 21st-century skills in rural and urban areas. This descriptive research consisted of 110 participants who are lower secondary school science teachers in rural and urban areas from 22 provinces in Indonesia. A survey technique was employed as the method. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires, unstructured interviews, and lesson plan analyses that were validated by two experts in science education. The results showed that 33.30% of teachers prioritize the acquisition of creativity in learning. They mention science skills as the basis for gaining knowledge of concepts from learning experiences. Furthermore, lesson plans of teachers in rural and urban areas show that there is no significant difference between the number of divergent questions and the number of convergent questions in order to develop pupils’ creativity. The numbers of divergent and convergent questions are 50.90% and 49.10%, respectively. Only 2.80% of Indonesian lower secondary science teachers have the initiative to implement teaching strategies that are suitable for the circumstances of their pupils so that learning is more progressive. In conclusion, most teachers from rural and urban areas apply teaching methods from abroad without adapting these to the pupils’ circumstances. This study indicates the importance of developing a new teaching strategy that is able to raise pupils’ levels of creativity based on their conditions and the Indonesian curriculum.
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42

You, Da, and Bo Fu Zheng. "Integration Mechanism of Safety Management in Urban Specific Functional Areas." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1143.

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Following with the rapid urbanization and industrialization, there are more and more relatively specific functional areas integrated by some function units such as industrial areas, residential areas, campuses, commercial areas and so on. Due to involving many functional units, the safety risk of the SFA becomes increasingly prominent and safety management problems have drawn the wide concerns of city managers, experts and scholars. The paper puts forward the conception of building the integration mechanism of safety management in urban SFA through analyzing the backgrounds of urban specific functional areas and its safety management situation. It clarifies the contents of the integration mechanism of safety management in urban specific functional areas from the aspects of security information platform, security publicity and education, security cultural patterns, security management systems, safety supervision, resource integration and sharing, puts forward some suggestions about safety management of specific functional areas. It will offer the theoretical reference for the making the security management plan of urban specific functional areas, urban public security planning, the division of urban functional areas, and the layout of industries.
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43

Akhter, Faheem. "Frequent Faculty Turnover: Challenge for HEIs in Urban Areas of Pakistan." Global Journal for Management and Administrative Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/gjmas.v1i2.23.

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There is a rapid growth in Higher Education Institution (HEIs) of Pakistan in couple of years. These HEIs need qualified faculty to produce quality alumni, however somehow or the other retention of quality faculty is a challenge for HEIs. This research is carried out with an endeavors to find out the causes of frequently turnover of faculty in Higher Education Institution (HEIs) in Karachi. 22 item questionnaires were used to collect the data from the faculty of renowned private sector HEIs of Karachi. For the sample of 280 Multiple Regression Analysis and Principal Component Factor Analysis were applied to interrogate the hypotheses. Results indicated that there is a significant relationship between career progression and the faculty turnover whereas Compensation & benefits and job stress have insignificant impact.
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44

Sun, Weiheng. "Analysis of Problems and Countermeasures in the Allocation of Educational Resources in Urban and Rural Areas of China." International Journal of Education and Humanities 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v5i2.2139.

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At the present stage, the scatter of basic education resources between urban and rural areas is extremely unbalanced, and the gap between development levels is large, which has seriously affected the development of China's education and the construction of a harmonious society. Based on the reality of unbalanced allocation of urban and rural education resources, we should propose to re integrate town teaching resources according to the development trend of education urbanization, implement the principle of paying attention to equity and giving consideration to efficiency, and provide higher quality education for rural children. Take the scientific unity of education quality, efficiency and equity as the strategic goal, focus and breakthrough of reallocation of education resources, fundamentally reverse and eliminate the differential allocation of rural educational materials, ensure the full investment of financial resources for rural compulsory education, and accelerate the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education. This paper aims to come true the sharing of town teaching resources, deepen the reform of town and country education system, and broaden the financing channels for town and country education.
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45

Dong, Zhiwei, Liping Wu, Yang Chen, Oleksii Lyulyov, and Tetyana Pimonenko. "Intergenerational Transmission of Obesity: Role of Education and Income." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315931.

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Based on the sixth round of the 2018 Chinese Household Income Project family income survey (CHIP) data, this study made use of the OLS estimation and transfer matrix method to measure and test the problem of obesity intergenerational transmission, analyze whether there is obesity intergenerational transmission as well as between urban and rural areas, gender, and the parental education level and income level on the suppression of the obesity intergenerational transmission effect. The empirical results draw the following main conclusions: obesity intergenerational transmission in Chinese families, the degree of parental obesity has a significant positive impact on the degree of offspring obesity; the higher the degree of parental obesity, the more it can promote the degree of obesity in the offspring. Moreover, the degree of obesity intergenerational transmission is heterogeneous in urban and rural areas and gender. At the same time, the degree of rural obesity intergenerational transmission is higher than that of urban areas, and the degree of male obesity intergenerational transmission is higher than that of women.
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46

Liu, Jing. "Research on challenges and solutions in elementary schools’ STEAM education promotion in rural China." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 19 (August 30, 2022): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v19i.1637.

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Science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) education is one of the effective ways to enhance students’ science literacy, and the ability to innovate. Cultivating innovative talents is important for a country to become the world’s science and technology powerhouse. Currently, the proportion of China’s scientifically literate population is still relatively low, with an imbalance between different demographics, age groups, and economic statuses. To spot more innovative talents, solving the imbalance of STEAM resources is necessary to improve the scientific literacy of students in rural and remote areas. Through field research in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China, the challenges of the development of STEAM education in rural primary schools were discovered. The lack of teachers, funds, awareness, and guidance in rural primary schools are the main factors that significantly add to the educational inequality between urban and rural areas. This research tries to balance STEAM educational resources, narrow the educational inequality gap between urban and rural areas, and work out some feasible solutions to improve technology and innovation education. The "Rural-urban STEAM Education Teaching Platform" takes advantage of the urban STEAM educational resources to support elementary schools in remote areas.
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47

Halliday, Glen. "International Perspectives on Best Practice in the Development of Urban Environmental Education, and Education for Sustainability Programs." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 22, no. 1 (2006): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001804.

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This paper reports on the international practices I observed as part of a study tour I undertook as a 2005 NSW Premier's Visy Industries Environmental Education Scholarship holder. Interest in urban environmental education (EE) and education for sustainability (EFS) is increasing as rapid urbanisation emerges as one of the greatest challenges facing the world today. The urbanisation processes, fueled by globalisation, environmental degradation, rural unemployment and technological change, are forcing a global exodus from rural areas to urban ones. For developed countries like Australia, urbanisation has resulted in localised environmental and social problems in our cities. These issues include urban design; land clearing and urban sprawl; transport and infrastructure planning; disposal of solid waste; water, noise and air pollution; preservation of biodiversity and heritage; water scarcity; social isolation; loss of social capital and socio economic inequality. The impact of the developed world's largely urban population on the all eco-systems, has focused critical world attention on urban places as the sources of widespread environmental degradation.
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48

van den Berg, Marguerite, and Rogier van Reekum. "Parent involvement as professionalization: professionals' struggle for power in Dutch urban deprived areas." Journal of Education Policy 26, no. 3 (May 2011): 415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2010.543155.

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49

Demerjian, Jacques, Oliver Daoud, and Jacques Bou Abdo. "Implications of smartphone addiction on university students in urban, suburban and rural areas." International Journal of Education Economics and Development 12, no. 1 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeed.2021.10033131.

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50

Daoud, Oliver, Jacques Bou Abdo, and Jacques Demerjian. "Implications of smartphone addiction on university students in urban, suburban and rural areas." International Journal of Education Economics and Development 12, no. 1 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeed.2021.111653.

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